Optimization of organic NLO materials for integration with silicon photonic, plasmonic (metal optics), and metamaterial devices

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

Volumn 7935, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Dalton, Larry R ^a   Jen, Alex K Y ^a   Robinson, Bruce H ^a   Overney, Rene ^b   Benight, Stephanie J ^a   Knorr Jr , Daniel B ^b   Kim, Seongku ^c   Fetterman, Harold R ^c   Zhang, Cheng ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b University of Washington   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d NORFOLK STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

intermolecular electrostatic interactions; metamaterials; Monte Carlo molecular dynamics simulations; nano engineering; Organic electro optic materials; plasmonics; silicon photonics

Indexed keywords

INTERMOLECULAR ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTION; MONTE CARLO/MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; NANO-ENGINEERING; ORGANIC ELECTRO-OPTIC MATERIALS; PLASMONICS; SILICON PHOTONICS;

ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT; ELECTROSTATICS; MATERIALS; METAMATERIALS; NONLINEAR OPTICS; PLASMONS;

PHOTONIC DEVICES;

EID: 79955381130     PISSN: 0277786X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1117/12.881264     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (43)

1. Chen, D., Fetterman, H. R., Chen, A., Steier, W. H., Dalton, L. R., Wang, W. and Shi, Y., "Demonstration of 110 GHz Electro-Optic Polymer Modulators," Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3335-3337 (1997).
2. Lee, M., Katz, H. E., Erben, C., Gill, D. M., Gopalan, P., Heber, J. D. and McGee, D. J. "Ultra-Fast Modulation of Light Using an Electro-Optic Polymer," Science 289, 1404-1407 (2002).
3. Drenser, K. A., Larsen, R. J., Strohkendl, F. P. and Dalton L. R., "Femtosecond Frequency-Agile, Phase-Sensitive-Detected, Multi-Wave-Mixing Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy Applied to π-Electron Photonic Materials," J. Phys. Chem. 103, 2290-2301 (1999).
4. McLaughlin, C. V., Hayden, L. M., Polishak, B., Huang, S. M., Luo, J. M., Kim, T. M., Jen. A. K. "Wideband 15 THz Response Using Organic Electro-Optic Polymer Emitter-Sensor Pairs at Telecommunications Wavelengths," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 (15), 151107-1-3 (2008).
5. Hochberg, M., Baehr-Jones, T., Wang, G., Shearn, M., Harvard, K., Liu, J., Chen, B., Shi, Z., Lawson, R., Sullivan, P. A., Jen, A. K.-Y., Dalton, L. R., and Scherer, A. "All Optical Modulator in Silicon with Terahertz Bandwidth," Nature Mater. 5, 703-709 (2005).
6. Baehr-Jones, T., Hochberg, M., Wang, G., Lawson, R., Liao, Y., Sullivan, P. A., and Dalton, L. R., "Optical Modulation and Detection in Slotted Silicon Waveguides," Opt. Exp. 13, 5216-5226 (2005).
7. Hochberg, M., Baehr-Jones, T., Wang, G., Huang, J., Sullivan, P. A., Dalton, L. R., and Scherer, A., "Toward a millivolts optical modulator with nano-slot waveguides," Opt. Exp. 15, 8401-8410 (2007).
8. Baehr-Jones, T., Penkov, B., Huang, J., Sullivan, P. A., Davies, J., Takayesu, J., Luo, J., Kim, T.-D., Dalton, L. R., Jen, A. K.-Y., and Hochberg, M., "Nonlinear Polymer-Clad Silicon Slot Waveguide Modulator With a Half Wave Voltage of 0.25 V," Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 163303-1-3 (2008).
9. Takayesu, J., Hochberg, M., Baehr-Jones, T., Chan, E., Wang, G., Sullivan, P. A., Liao, Y., Davies, J., Dalton, L. R., Scherer, A., and Krug, W., "A Hybrid Electro-Optic Microring Resonator-Based 1x4x1 ROADM for Wafer Scale Optical Interconnects," IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (4), 440-448 (2008).
10. Wulbern, J. H., Hampe, J., Petrov, A., Eich, M., Luo, J., Jen, A. K.-Y., Falco, A. D., Krauss, F., and Bruns, J., "Electro-Optic Modulation in Slotted Resonant Photonic Crystal Heterostructures," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 (24), 241107-1-3 (2008).
11. πL Modulator With GHz Bandwidth Based on Electro-Optic Polymer-Clad Silicon Slot Waveguides," Opt. Exp. 18 (15), 15618-15623 (2010).
12. Norwood, R., private communication.
13. Lin, C.-Y., Wang, X., Chakravarty, S., Lee, B. S., Lai, W., Luo, J., Jen, A. K.-Y., and Chen, R. T. "Electro-Optic Polymer Infiltrated Silicon Photonic Crystal Slot Waveguide Modulator With 23 dB Slow Light Enhancement," Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 093304-1-3 (2010).
14. Kim, S.-K., Sylvain, N., Benight, S. J., Kosilkin, I., Bale, D. H., Robinson, B. H., Geary, K., Jen, A. K.-Y., Steier, W. H., Fetterman, H. R., Berini, P. and Dalton, L. R., "Active Plasmonic and Metamaterials and Devices," Proc SPIE 7754, 775403 1-10 (2010).
15. Dalton, L. R., Robinson, B. H., Jen, A. K.-Y., Steier, W. H., and Nielsen, R., "Systematic Development of High Bandwidth, Low Drive Voltage Electro-Optic Devices and Their Applications," Opt. Mater. 21, 19-28 (2003).
16. Nielsen, R. D. and Robinson, B. H., "Simulation of the Loading Parameter in Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials," J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 8659-8667 (2004).
17. Shi, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Bechtel, J. H., Dalton, L. R., and Robinson, B. H., "Low (Sub-1Volt) Halfwave Voltage Polymeric Electrooptic Modulators Achieved by Control of Chromophore Shape," Science 288, 119-122 (2000).
18. Sullivan, P. A., Rommel, H., Liao, Y., Olbricht, B. C., Akelaitis, A. J. P., Firestone, K. A., Kang, J.-W., Luo, J., Choi, D. H., Eichinger, B. E., Reid, P. J., Chen, A., Jen, A. K.-Y., Robinson, B. H. and Dalton, L. R., "Theory Guided Design and Synthesis of Multi-Chromophore Dendrimers: An Analysis of the Electro-Optic Effect," J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 129, 7523-7530 (2007).
19. Sullivan, P. A., Rommel, H. L., Takimoto, Y., Hammond, S. R., Bale, D. H., Olbricht, B. C., Liao, Y., Rehr, J., Eichinger, B. E., Jen, A. K.-Y., Reid, P. J., Dalton, L. R. and Robinson, B. H., "Modeling the Optical Behavior of Complex Organic Media: From Molecules to Materials," J. Phys. Chem. B 113 (47), 15581-15588 (2009).
20. Dalton, L. R., Sullivan, P. A. and Bale, D. H., "Electric Field poled Organic Electro-Optic Materials: State of the Art and Future Prospects," Chem. Rev. 110, 25-55 (2010).
21. Sullivan, P. A. and Dalton, L. R., "Theory-Inspired Development of Organic Electro-Optic Materials," Acc. Chem. Res. 43 (1), 10-18 (2010).
22. Zhou, Z. Luo, J. Huang, S., Kim, T.-D., Shi, Z., Cheng, Y., Jang, S., Knorr, D. B. Jr., Overney, R. M. and Jen, A. K.-Y., "Supramolecular self-assembled dendritic nonlinear optical chromophores: Fine-tuning of areneperfluoroarene interactions for ultralarge electro-optic activity and enhanced thermal stability," Adv. Mater. 21 (19), 1976-1981 (2009).
23. Benight, S. J., Bale, D. H., Olbricht, B. C. and Dalton, L. R. "Organic Electro-Optics: Understanding Material Structure/Function Relationships and Device Fabrication Issues," J. Mater. Chem. 19, 7466-7475 (2009).
24. Benight, S. J., Johnson, L. E., Barnes, R., Olbricht, B. C., Bale, D. H., Eichinger, B. E., Dalton, L. R., Sullivan, P. A., and Robinson, B. H., "Reduced dimensionality in organic electro-optic materials," J. Phys. Chem. B 114 (37), 11949-11956 (2010).
25. Benight, S. J., Johnson, L. E., Krorr, D. B. Jr., Elangovan, A., Kosilkin, I., Olbricht, B. C., Sullivan, P. A., Bale, D. H., Robinson, B. H., Overney, R. M., Jen, A. K.-Y., Steier, W. H., Kim, S.-K., Fetterman, H. R., Prather, D. W. and Dalton, L. R., "Theory-Guided Enhancement of Poling Efficiency of Organic Electro-Optic Materials," Proc. SPIE 7774, 77740F 1-12 (2010).
26. Dalton, L. R., Benight, S. B., Johnson, L. E., Knorr, D. B. Jr., Kosilkin, I., Eichinger, B. E., Robinson, B. H., Jen, A. and Overney, R., "Systematic Nano-Engineering of Soft Matter Organic Electro-Optic Materials," Chem. Mater. 23, ASAP article (2010).
27. Kin, T-D., Lao, J., Cheng, Y.-J., Shi, Z., Hau, S., Jang, S.-H., Zhou, X.-H., Tian, Y., Polishak, B., Huang, S., Ma, H., Dalton, L. R., and Jen, A. K.-Y., "Binary Chromophore Systems in Nonlinear Optical Dendrimers and Polymers for Large Electro-Optic Activities," J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (21), 8091-8098 (2008).
28. Dalton, L. R., Sullivan, P. A., Bale, D. H., Olbricht, B. C., Davies, J. A., Benight, S. J., Kosilkin, I., Robinson, B. H., Eichinger, B. E., and Jen, A. K. Y., "Organic electro-optic materials: Understanding structure/function relationships critical to the optimization of electro-optic activity," in [Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications] eds. Herman, W. and Foulger, S., Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 13-33 (2010).
29. Zhou, X.-H., Luo, J., Kim, T.-D., Jang, S.-H., Overney, R. M., Dalton, L. R., and Jen, A. K.-Y., "Molecular design and supramolecular organization of highly efficient nonlinear optical chromophores for exceptional electro-optic properties," in [Organic Thin Films for Photonics Applications] eds. Herman, W. and Foulger, S., Amer. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC, 51-56 (2010).
30. Olbricht, B. C., Sullivan, P. A., Wen, G.-A., Mistry, A., Davies, J. A., Ewy, T. R., Eichinger, B. E., Robinson, B. H., Reid, P. J., and Dalton, L. R., "Laser-assisted poling of binary chromophore materials," J. Phys. Chem. C 112 (21), 7983-7988 (2008).
31. Robinson, B. H. and Dalton, L. R., "Monte Carlo Statistical Mechanical Simulations of the Competition of Intermolecular Electrostatic and Poling Field Interactions in Defining Macroscopic Electro-Optic Activity for Organic Chromophore/Polymer Materials. J. Phys. Chem. A 104 (20), 4785-4795 (2000).
32. Olbricht, B. C.; Sullivan, P. A.; Davies, J. A.; Dennis, P. C.; Hurst, J. T.; Johnson, L. E.; Bale, D. H.; Benight, S. J.; Hilfiker, J. N.; Chen, A.; Eichinger, B. E.; Reid, P. J.; Dalton, L. R.; Robinson, B. H. Measuring order in contactpoled organic electro-optic materials with variable angle polarization-referenced absorption spectroscopy (VAPRAS)," J. Phys. Chem. B, ASAP article (2010).
33. Gray, T., Kim, T.-D., Knorr, D. B. Jr., Luo, J., Jen, A. K.-Y. and Overney, R. M., "Mesoscale Dynamics and Cooperativity of Networking Dendronized Nonlinear Optical Molecular Glasses," Nano Lett. 8 (2), 754-759 (2008).
34. Knorr, D. B. Jr., Zhou, X-H., Shi, Z.; Luo, J., Jang, S.-H., Jen, A. K.-Y. and Overney, R. M., "Molecular Mobility in Self-Assembled Dendritic Chromophore Glasses," J. Phys. Chem. B 113 (43), 14180-14188 (2009).
35. Gray, T., Kilgore, J. P., Luo, J., Jen, A. K.-Y. and Overney, R. M., "Molecular Mobility and Transitions in Complex Organic Systems Studied by Shear Force Microscopy," Nanotechnology 18 044009-1-9 (2007).
36. Knorr, D. B. Jr., Gray, T. O. and Overney, R. M, "Intrinsic Friction Analysis - Novel Nanoscopic Access to Molecular Mobility in Constrained Organic Systems," Ultramicroscopy 109 (8), 991-1000 (2009).
37. Knorr, D. B. Jr., "Molecular Relaxations in Constrained Nanoscale Systems," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Washington, Seattle (2010), see particularly Chapter 6: "Internal Constraints: Non-Linear Optical Materials". Publication of methods and results is in preparation.
38. Benight, S. J. and Knorr, D. B. Jr., unpublished data to be published.
39. Benight, S. J., Johnson, L. E., Knorr, D. B. Jr., Elangovan, A., Kosilkin, I., Olbricht, B. C., Sullivan, P. A., Bale, D. H., Robinson, B. H., Overney, R. M., Jen, A. K.-Y., Steier, W. H., Kim, S.-K., Fetterman, H. R., Prather, D. W. and Dalton, L. R., "Theory-Guided Enhancement of Poling Efficiency of Organic Electro-Optic Materials," Proc. SPIE 7774, 77740F 1-12 (2010).
40. Huang, S., Kim, T.-D., Luo, J., Hau, S. K., Shi, Z., Zhou, X.-H., Yip, H.-Y. and Jen, A. K.-Y, "Highly Efficient Electro-Optic Polymers Through Improved Poling Using a Thin TiO2-modified Transparent Electrode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 243311-1-3 (2010).
41. Figi, H., Bale, D. H., Szep, A., Dalton, L. R. and Chen, A., "Electro-Optic Modulation in Horizontally Slotted Silicon/Organic Crystal Hybrid Devices," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. submitted.
42. Dionne, J. A., Kiest, K., Swetlock, L. A. and Atwater, H. A., "PlasMOStor: A Metal/Oxide/Si Field Effect Plasmonic Modulator," Nano Lett. 9(2), 897-902 (2009).
43. Berini, P., "Long-Range Surface Plasmon Polaritons," Advances in Optics and Photonics 1, 481-588 (2009).