ULK1, mammalian target of rapamycin, and mitochondria: Linking nutrient availability and autophagy

Antioxidants and Redox Signaling

Volumn 14, Issue 10, 2011, Pages 1953-1958

  Kundu, Mondira ^a  

^a ST JUDE CHILDREN S RESEARCH HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; PROTEIN ULK1; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AUTOPHAGY; BIOENERGY; CELL GROWTH; CELL PROLIFERATION; DEGRADATION; DEPOLARIZATION; HOMEOSTASIS; MITOCHONDRION; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY; NUTRIENT SUPPLY; PERINATAL PERIOD; PHAGOSOME; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN MALNUTRITION; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; REVIEW; STARVATION; UPREGULATION;

ANIMALS; AUTOPHAGY; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; MITOCHONDRIA; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; TOR SERINE-THREONINE KINASES;

MAMMALIA;

EID: 79954576039     PISSN: 15230864     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3809     Document Type: Review

References (56)

1. Ashford TP and Porter KR. Cytoplasmic components in hepatic cell lysosomes. J Cell Biol 12: 198-202, 1962.
2. Cardenas C, Miller RA, Smith I, Bui T, Molgo J, Muller M, Vais H, Cheung KH, Yang J, Parker I, Thompson CB, Birnbaum MJ, Hallows KR, and Foskett JK. Essential regulation of cell bioenergetics by constitutive InsP3 receptor Ca2 + transfer to mitochondria. Cell 142: 270-283, 2010.
3. Chan EY, Kir S, and Tooze SA. siRNA screening of the kinome identifies ULK1 as a multidomain modulator of autophagy. J Biol Chem 282: 25464-25474, 2007. (Pubitemid 47372826)
4. Chan EY, Longatti A, McKnight NC, and Tooze SA. Kinaseinactivated ULK proteins inhibit autophagy via their conserved C-terminal domains using an Atg13-independent mechanism. Mol Cell Biol 29: 157-171, 2009.
5. Cheong H, Nair U, Geng J, and Klionsky DJ. The Atg1 kinase complex is involved in the regulation of protein recruitment to initiate sequestering vesicle formation for nonspecific autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 19: 668-681, 2008. (Pubitemid 351272154)
6. Cheong H, Yorimitsu T, Reggiori F, Legakis JE, Wang CW, and Klionsky DJ. Atg17 regulates the magnitude of the autophagic response. Mol Biol Cell 16: 3438-3453, 2005. (Pubitemid 40962611)
7. Ding WX, Ni HM, Li M, Liao Y, Chen X, Stolz DB, Dorn GW, 2nd, and Yin XM. Nix is critical to two distinct phases of mitophagy, reactive oxygen species-mediated autophagy induction and Parkin-ubiquitin-p62-mediated mitochondrial priming. J Biol Chem 285: 27879-27890, 2010.
8. Dunlop EA and Tee AR. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1: signalling inputs, substrates and feedback mechanisms. Cell Signal 21: 827-835, 2009.
9. Elmore SP, Qian T, Grissom SF, and Lemasters JJ. The mitochondrial permeability transition initiates autophagy in rat hepatocytes. FASEB J 15: 2286-2287, 2001.
10. Eskelinen EL. New insights into the mechanisms of macroautophagy in mammalian cells. Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 266: 207-247, 2008.
11. Filomeni G, Desideri E, Cardaci S, Graziani I, Piccirillo S, Rotilio G, and Ciriolo MR. Carcinoma cells activate AMPactivated protein kinase-dependent autophagy as survival response to kaempferol-mediated energetic impairment. Autophagy 6: 202-216, 2010.
12. Flinn RJ, Yan Y, Goswami S, Parker PJ, and Backer JM. The late endosome is essential for mTORC1 signaling. Mol Biol Cell 21: 833-841, 2010.
13. Ganley IG, Lam du H, Wang J, Ding X, Chen S, and Jiang X. ULK1.ATG13.FIP200 complex mediates mTOR signaling and is essential for autophagy. J Biol Chem 284: 12297-12305, 2009.
14. Gegg ME, Cooper JM, Chau KY, Rojo M, Schapira AH, and Taanman JW. Mitofusin 1 and mitofusin 2 are ubiquitinated in a PINK1/Parkin-dependent manner upon induction of mitophagy. Hum Mol Genet 19: 4861-4870, 2010.
15. Gronowicz G, Swift H, and Steck TL. Maturation of the reticulocyte in vitro. J Cell Sci 71: 177-197, 1984.
16. Hailey DW, Rambold AS, Satpute-Krishnan P, Mitra K, Sougrat R, Kim PK, and Lippincott-Schwartz J. Mitochondria supply membranes for autophagosome biogenesis during starvation. Cell 141: 656-667, 2010.
17. Heynen MJ, Tricot G, and Verwilghen RL. Autophagy of mitochondria in rat bone marrow erythroid cells. Relation to nuclear extrusion. Cell Tissue Res 239: 235-239, 1985.
18. Hosokawa N, Hara T, Kaizuka T, Kishi C, Takamura A, Miura Y, Iemura S, Natsume T, Takehana K, Yamada N, Guan JL, Oshiro N, and Mizushima N. Nutrient-dependent mTORC1 association with the ULK1-Atg13-FIP200 complex required for autophagy. Mol Biol Cell 20: 1981-1991, 2009.
19. Jung CH, Jun CB, Ro SH, Kim YM, Otto NM, Cao J, Kundu M, and Kim DH. ULK-Atg13-FIP200 complexes mediate mTOR signaling to the autophagy machinery. Mol Biol Cell 20: 1992-2003, 2009.
20. Kabeya Y, Kamada Y, Baba M, Takikawa H, Sasaki M, and Ohsumi Y. Atg17 functions in cooperation with Atg1 and Atg13 in yeast autophagy. Mol Biol Cell 16: 2544-2553, 2005. (Pubitemid 40632233)
21. Kamada Y, Funakoshi T, Shintani T, Nagano K, Ohsumi M, and Ohsumi Y. Tor-mediated induction of autophagy via an Apg1 protein kinase complex. J Cell Biol 150: 1507-1513, 2000.
22. Kamada Y, Yoshino K, Kondo C, Kawamata T, Oshiro N, Yonezawa K, and Ohsumi Y. Tor directly controls the Atg1 kinase complex to regulate autophagy. Mol Cell Biol 30: 1049-1058, 2010.
23. Kent G, Minick OT, Volini FI, and Orfei E. Autophagic vacuoles in human red cells. Am J Pathol 48: 831-857, 1966.
24. Kim I, Rodriguez-Enriquez S, and Lemasters JJ. Selective degradation of mitochondria by mitophagy. Arch Biochem Biophys 462: 245-253, 2007. (Pubitemid 46876640)
25. Komatsu M, Waguri S, Ueno T, Iwata J, Murata S, Tanida I, Ezaki J, Mizushima N, Ohsumi Y, Uchiyama Y, Kominami E, Tanaka K, and Chiba T. Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7-deficient mice. J Cell Biol 169: 425-434, 2005. (Pubitemid 40686693)
26. Kristensen AR, Schandorff S, Hoyer-Hansen M, Nielsen MO, Jaattela M, Dengjel J, and Andersen JS. Ordered organelle degradation during starvation-induced autophagy. Mol Cell Proteomics 7: 2419-2428, 2008.
27. Kubli DA, Quinsay MN, Huang C, Lee Y, and Gustafsson AB. Bnip3 functions as a mitochondrial sensor of oxidative stress during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 295: H2025-H2031, 2008.
28. Kuma A, Hatano M, Matsui M, Yamamoto A, Nakaya H, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y, Tokuhisa T, and Mizushima N. The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period. Nature 432: 1032-1036, 2004. (Pubitemid 40052234)
29. Kundu M, Lindsten T, Yang CY, Wu J, Zhao F, Zhang J, Selak MA, Ney PA, and Thompson CB. Ulk1 plays a critical role in the autophagic clearance of mitochondria and ribosomes during reticulocyte maturation. Blood 112: 1493-1502, 2008.
30. Laplante M and Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling at a glance. J Cell Sci 122: 3589-3594, 2009.
31. Li L, Kim E, Yuan H, Inoki K, Goraksha-Hicks P, Schiesher RL, Neufeld TP, and Guan KL. Regulation of mTORC1 by the Rab and Arf GTPases. J Biol Chem 285: 19705-19709, 2010.
32. Lynch-Day MA and Klionsky DJ. The Cvt pathway as a model for selective autophagy. FEBS Lett 584: 1359-1366, 2010.
33. Mari M, Griffith J, Rieter E, Krishnappa L, Klionsky DJ, and Reggiori F. An Atg9-containing compartment that functions in the early steps of autophagosome biogenesis. J Cell Biol 190: 1005-1022, 2010.
34. Meley D, Bauvy C, Houben-Weerts JH, Dubbelhuis PF, Helmond MT, Codogno P, and Meijer AJ. AMP-activated protein kinase and the regulation of autophagic proteolysis. J Biol Chem 281: 34870-34879, 2006. (Pubitemid 46036526)
35. Mizushima N. The role of the Atg1/ULK1 complex in autophagy regulation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 22: 132-139, 2010.
36. Narendra D, Tanaka A, Suen DF, and Youle RJ. Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy. J Cell Biol 183: 795-803, 2008.
37. Neufeld TP. TOR-dependent control of autophagy: biting the hand that feeds. Curr Opin Cell Biol 22: 157-168, 2010.
38. Novak I, Kirkin V, McEwan DG, Zhang J, Wild P, Rozenknop A, Rogov V, Lohr F, Popovic D, Occhipinti A, Reichert AS, Terzic J, Dotsch V, Ney PA, and Dikic I. Nix is a selective autophagy receptor for mitochondrial clearance. EMBO Rep 11: 45-51, 2010.
39. Platini F, Perez-Tomas R, Ambrosio S, and Tessitore L. Understanding autophagy in cell death control. Curr Pharm Des 16: 101-113, 2010.
40. Poole AC, Thomas RE, Yu S, Vincow ES, and Pallanck L. The mitochondrial fusion-promoting factor mitofusin is a substrate of the PINK1/Parkin pathway. PLoS ONE 5: e10054, 2010.
41. Rodriguez-Enriquez S, Kim I, Currin RT, and Lemasters JJ. Tracker dyes to probe mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) in rat hepatocytes. Autophagy 2: 39-46, 2006.
42. Saito K, Araki Y, Kontani K, Nishina H, and Katada T. Novel role of the small GTPase Rheb: its implication in endocytic pathway independent of the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin. J Biochem 137: 423-430, 2005. (Pubitemid 40628451)
43. Sancak Y, Bar-Peled L, Zoncu R, Markhard AL, Nada S, and Sabatini DM. Ragulator-Rag complex targets mTORC1 to the lysosomal surface and is necessary for its activation by amino acids. Cell 141: 290-303, 2010.
44. Sancak Y, Peterson TR, Shaul YD, Lindquist RA, Thoreen CC, Bar-Peled L, and Sabatini DM. The Rag GTPases bind raptor and mediate amino acid signaling to mTORC1. Science 320: 1496-1501, 2008. (Pubitemid 351929429)
45. Sandoval H, Thiagarajan P, Dasgupta SK, Schumacher A, Prchal JT, Chen M, and Wang J. Essential role for Nix in autophagic maturation of erythroid cells. Nature 454: 232-235, 2008. (Pubitemid 351969889)
46. Schweers RL, Zhang J, Randall MS, Loyd MR, Li W, Dorsey FC, Kundu M, Opferman JT, Cleveland JL, Miller JL, and Ney PA. NIX is required for programmed mitochondrial clearance during reticulocyte maturation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104: 19500-19505, 2007.
47. Smith EM, Finn SG, Tee AR, Browne GJ, and Proud CG. The tuberous sclerosis protein TSC2 is not required for the regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin by amino acids and certain cellular stresses. J Biol Chem 280: 18717-18727, 2005. (Pubitemid 41379573)
48. Sou YS, Waguri S, Iwata J, Ueno T, Fujimura T, Hara T, Sawada N, Yamada A, Mizushima N, Uchiyama Y, Kominami E, Tanaka K, and Komatsu M. The Atg8 conjugation system is indispensable for proper development of autophagic isolation membranes in mice. Mol Biol Cell 19: 4762-4775, 2008.
49. Stephan JS, Yeh YY, Ramachandran V, Deminoff SJ, and Herman PK. The Tor and PKA signaling pathways independently target the Atg1/Atg13 protein kinase complex to control autophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 17049-17054, 2009.
50. Tooze SA. The role of membrane proteins in mammalian autophagy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 21: 677-682, 2010.
51. Twig G, Elorza A, Molina AJ, Mohamed H, Wikstrom JD, Walzer G, Stiles L, Haigh SE, Katz S, Las G, Alroy J, Wu M, Py BF, Yuan J, Deeney JT, Corkey BE, and Shirihai OS. Fission and selective fusion govern mitochondrial segregation and elimination by autophagy. EMBO J 27: 433-446, 2008. (Pubitemid 351161653)
52. Yorimitsu T and Klionsky DJ. Atg11 links cargo to the vesicle-forming machinery in the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway. Mol Biol Cell 16: 1593-1605, 2005. (Pubitemid 40471933)
53. Young AR, Chan EY, Hu XW, Kochl R, Crawshaw SG, High S, Hailey DW, Lippincott-Schwartz J, and Tooze SA. Starvation and ULK1-dependent cycling of mammalian Atg9 between the TGN and endosomes. J Cell Sci 119: 3888-3900, 2006. (Pubitemid 44614440)
54. Yu L, McPhee CK, Zheng L, Mardones GA, Rong Y, Peng J, Mi N, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Wan F, Hailey DW, Oorschot V, Klumperman J, Baehrecke EH, and Lenardo MJ. Termination of autophagy and reformation of lysosomes regulated by mTOR. Nature 465: 942-946, 2010.
55. Zhang J, Randall MS, Loyd MR, Dorsey FC, Kundu M, Cleveland JL, and Ney PA. Mitochondrial clearance is regulated by Atg7-dependent and -independent mechanisms during reticulocyte maturation. Blood 114: 157-164, 2009.
56. Ziviani E and Whitworth AJ. How could Parkin-mediated ubiquitination of mitofusin promote mitophagy? Autophagy 6: 660-662, 2010.