Fibrosis in autoimmune and cholestatic liver disease

Best Practice and Research: Clinical Gastroenterology

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 245-258

  Penz Österreicher, Melitta ^a   Österreicher, Christoph H ^a   Trauner, Michael ^a  

^a MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA   (Austria)

Author keywords

Cholestasis; Cirrhosis; Fibrosis; Hepatic stellate cells; Portal myofibroblasts; Primary biliary cirrhosis; Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Indexed keywords

ALPHA SMOOTH MUSCLE ACTIN; AMINOTRANSFERASE; BILE ACID; CYTOGLOBIN; DESMIN; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2; GAMMA INTERFERON; GENTAMICIN; GLIAL FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 2 RECEPTOR ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; LIVER X RECEPTOR; METRONIDAZOLE; MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE PROTEIN 2; NEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; POLYMYXIN B; PROTEIN BCL 2; PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE KINASE 2; RETINOL; TETRACYCLINE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA2; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VIMENTIN; VINCULIN;

ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; AMINOTRANSFERASE BLOOD LEVEL; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; AUTOIMMUNE PANCREATITIS; BILE DUCT; BILE DUCT INJURY; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL MIGRATION; CELL POPULATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHOLANGIOGRAPHY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE MODEL; EPITHELIAL MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATORY CELL; INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS; KUPFFER CELL; LIVER CELL; LIVER FIBROSIS; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; MYOFIBROBLAST; NONHUMAN; PHENOTYPE; PRIMARY BILIARY CIRRHOSIS; PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN TARGETING; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STELLATE CELL; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; VITAMIN METABOLISM;

ANIMALS; CHOLANGITIS, SCLEROSING; EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION; HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS, BILIARY; MODELS, ANIMAL; MYOFIBROBLASTS;

EID: 79954507227     PISSN: 15216918     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2011.02.001     Document Type: Article

References (94)

1. J.G. O'Leary, R. Lepe, and G.L. Davis Indications for liver transplantation Gastroenterology 134 6 2008 1764 1776 (Pubitemid 351615410)
2. R. Bataller, and D.A. Brenner Liver fibrosis J Clin Invest 115 2 2005 209 218 (Pubitemid 40385459)
3. S.T. Magness, R. Bataller, and L. Yang A dual reporter gene transgenic mouse demonstrates heterogeneity in hepatic fibrogenic cell populations Hepatology 40 5 2004 1151 1159 (Pubitemid 39425571)
4. J.A. Dranoff, and R.G. Wells Portal fibroblasts: Underappreciated mediators of biliary fibrosis Hepatology 51 4 2010 1438 1444
5. Z. Li, J.A. Dranoff, and E.P. Chan Transforming growth factor-beta and substrate stiffness regulate portal fibroblast activation in culture Hepatology 46 4 2007 1246 1256 (Pubitemid 350144789)
6. N. Bosselut, C. Housset, and P. Marcelo Distinct proteomic features of two fibrogenic liver cell populations: hepatic stellate cells and portal myofibroblasts Proteomics 10 5 2010 1017 1028
7. S.L. Friedman, F.J. Roll, and J. Boyles Hepatic lipocytes: the principal collagen-producing cells of normal rat liver Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82 24 1985 8681 8685 (Pubitemid 16101107)
8. W.S. Blaner, S.M. O'Byrne, and N. Wongsiriroj Hepatic stellate cell lipid droplets: a specialized lipid droplet for retinoid storage Biochim Biophys Acta 1791 6 2009 467 473
9. S. Lepreux, P. Bioulac-Sage, and G. Gabbiani Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 expression in normal and fibrotic/cirrhotic human liver: different patterns of expression in hepatic stellate cells and (myo)fibroblast subpopulations J Hepatol 40 5 2004 774 780 (Pubitemid 38507357)
10. E. Van Rossen, S. Vander Borght, and L.A. van Grunsven Vinculin and cellular retinol-binding protein-1 are markers for quiescent and activated hepatic stellate cells in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded human liver Histochem Cell Biol 131 3 2009 313 325
11. K. Suzuki, M. Tanaka, and N. Watanabe p75 Neurotrophin receptor is a marker for precursors of stellate cells and portal fibroblasts in mouse fetal liver Gastroenterology 135 1 2008 270 281 e273
12. R.G. Wells, E. Kruglov, and J.A. Dranoff Autocrine release of TGF-beta by portal fibroblasts regulates cell growth FEBS Lett 559 1-3 2004 107 110 (Pubitemid 38186712)
13. E. Novo, L.V. di Bonzo, and S. Cannito Hepatic myofibroblasts: a heterogeneous population of multifunctional cells in liver fibrogenesis Int J Biochem Cell Biol 41 11 2009 2089 2093
14. M. Pinzani, and J. Macias-Barragan Update on the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 4 4 2010 459 472
15. T. Cramer, D. Schuppan, and M. Bauer Hepatocyte growth factor and c-Met expression in rat and human liver fibrosis Liver Int 24 4 2004 335 344 (Pubitemid 39172060)
16. C. Grappone, M. Pinzani, and M. Parola Expression of platelet-derived growth factor in newly formed cholangiocytes during experimental biliary fibrosis in rats J Hepatol 31 1 1999 100 109 (Pubitemid 29287615)
17. E. Gaudio, B. Barbaro, and D. Alvaro Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates rat cholangiocyte proliferation via an autocrine mechanism Gastroenterology 130 4 2006 1270 1282
18. D. Alvaro, V.D. Metalli, and G. Alpini The intrahepatic biliary epithelium is a target of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 axis J Hepatol 43 5 2005 875 883 (Pubitemid 41414514)
19. R.C. Ayres, J.M. Neuberger, and J. Shaw Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and MHC antigens on human intrahepatic bile duct cells: effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines Gut 34 9 1993 1245 1249 (Pubitemid 23274549)
20. M.P. Leon, M.F. Bassendine, and P. Gibbs Immunogenicity of biliary epithelium: study of the adhesive interaction with lymphocytes Gastroenterology 112 3 1997 968 977 (Pubitemid 27113824)
21. S.M. Cruickshank, J. Southgate, and P.J. Selby Expression and cytokine regulation of immune recognition elements by normal human biliary epithelial and established liver cell lines in vitro J Hepatol 29 4 1998 550 558 (Pubitemid 28484943)
22. D.C. Rockey, L. Fouassier, and J.J. Chung Cellular localization of endothelin-1 and increased production in liver injury in the rat: potential for autocrine and paracrine effects on stellate cells Hepatology 27 2 1998 472 480 (Pubitemid 28081062)
23. L. Fabris, M. Strazzabosco, and H.A. Crosby Characterization and isolation of ductular cells coexpressing neural cell adhesion molecule and Bcl-2 from primary cholangiopathies and ductal plate malformations Am J Pathol 156 5 2000 1599 1612 (Pubitemid 30646699)
24. K.N. Lazaridis, M. Strazzabosco, and N.F. Larusso The cholangiopathies: disorders of biliary epithelia Gastroenterology 127 5 2004 1565 1577 (Pubitemid 39457780)
25. B. Luo, L. Tang, and Z. Wang Cholangiocyte endothelin 1 and transforming growth factor beta1 production in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome Gastroenterology 129 2 2005 682 695 (Pubitemid 41096652)
26. A. Gigliozzi, G. Alpini, and G.S. Baroni Nerve growth factor modulates the proliferative capacity of the intrahepatic biliary epithelium in experimental cholestasis Gastroenterology 127 4 2004 1198 1209 (Pubitemid 39345888)
27. M.N. Jhandier, E.A. Kruglov, and E.G. Lavoie Portal fibroblasts regulate the proliferation of bile duct epithelia via expression of NTPDase2 J Biol Chem 280 24 2005 22986 22992 (Pubitemid 40853208)
28. E.A. Kruglov, R.A. Nathanson, and T. Nguyen Secretion of MCP-1/CCL2 by bile duct epithelia induces myofibroblastic transdifferentiation of portal fibroblasts Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 290 4 2006 G765 G771
29. A. Omenetti, A. Porrello, and Y. Jung Hedgehog signaling regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition during biliary fibrosis in rodents and humans J Clin Invest 118 10 2008 3331 3342
30. R. Diaz, J.W. Kim, and J.J. Hui Evidence for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition in biliary atresia fibrosis Hum Pathology 39 1 2008 102 115 (Pubitemid 350216166)
31. H. Robertson, J.A. Kirby, and W.W. Yip Biliary epithelial-mesenchymal transition in posttransplantation recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis Hepatology 45 4 2007 977 981 (Pubitemid 46631566)
32. K.A. Rygiel, H. Robertson, and H.L. Marshall Epithelial-mesenchymal transition contributes to portal tract fibrogenesis during human chronic liver disease Lab Invest 88 2 2008 112 123 (Pubitemid 351161272)
33. C.H. Osterreicher, M. Penz-Osterreicher, and S.I. Grivennikov Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages in the liver Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 1 2010 308 313
34. D. Scholten, C.H. Osterreicher, and A. Scholten Genetic labeling does not detect epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of cholangiocytes in liver fibrosis in mice Gastroenterology 139 3 2010 987 998
35. K. Taura, K. Miura, and K. Iwaisako Hepatocytes do not undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition in liver fibrosis in mice Hepatology 2009
36. G. Svegliati-Baroni, F. Ridolfi, and R. Hannivoort Bile acids induce hepatic stellate cell proliferation via activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor Gastroenterology 128 4 2005 1042 1055 (Pubitemid 40523554)
37. S. Fiorucci, and F. Baldelli Farnesoid X receptor agonists in biliary tract disease Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25 3 2009 252 259
38. P. Fickert, A. Fuchsbichler, and T. Moustafa Farnesoid X receptor critically determines the fibrotic response in mice but is expressed to a low extent in human hepatic stellate cells and periductal myofibroblasts Am J Pathol 175 6 2009 2392 2405
39. A.F. Hofmann, and L.R. Hagey Bile acids: chemistry, pathochemistry, biology, pathobiology, and therapeutics Cell Mol Life Sci 65 16 2008 2461 2483
40. G.M. Hirschfield, and E.J. Heathcote Cholestasis and cholestatic syndromes Curr Opin Gastroenterol 25 3 2009 175 179
41. M.M. Kaplan, and M.E. Gershwin Primary biliary cirrhosis N Engl J Med 353 12 2005 1261 1273 (Pubitemid 41345948)
42. R. Adam, and E. Hoti Liver transplantation: the current situation Semin Liver Dis 29 1 2009 3 18
43. M.E. Gershwin, I.R. Mackay, and A. Sturgess Identification and specificity of a cDNA encoding the 70 kd mitochondrial antigen recognized in primary biliary cirrhosis J Immunol 138 10 1987 3525 3531 (Pubitemid 17071942)
44. C. Corpechot, F. Carrat, and R. Poupon Primary biliary cirrhosis: incidence and predictive factors of cirrhosis development in ursodiol-treated patients Gastroenterology 122 3 2002 652 658 (Pubitemid 34173817)
45. C. Degott, E.S. Zafrani, and P. Callard Histopathological study of primary biliary cirrhosis and the effect of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment on histology progression Hepatology 29 4 1999 1007 1012 (Pubitemid 29168729)
46. E. Christensen, P. Schlichting, and P.K. Andersen Updating prognosis and therapeutic effect evaluation in cirrhosis with Cox's multiple regression model for time-dependent variables Scand J Gastroenterol 21 2 1986 163 174 (Pubitemid 16123950)
47. J. Roll, J.L. Boyer, and D. Barry The prognostic importance of clinical and histologic features in asymptomatic and symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis N Engl J Med 308 1 1983 1 7 (Pubitemid 13211264)
48. M. Prince, A. Chetwynd, and W. Newman Survival and symptom progression in a geographically based cohort of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: follow-up for up to 28 years Gastroenterology 123 4 2002 1044 1051
49. S. Koarada, Y. Wu, and N. Fertig Genetic control of autoimmunity: protection from diabetes, but spontaneous autoimmune biliary disease in a nonobese diabetic congenic strain J Immunol 173 4 2004 2315 2323 (Pubitemid 39063087)
50. J. Irie, Y. Wu, and L.S. Wicker NOD.c3c4 congenic mice develop autoimmune biliary disease that serologically and pathogenetically models human primary biliary cirrhosis J Exp Med 203 5 2006 1209 1219 (Pubitemid 43736591)
51. L. Gorelik, and R.A. Flavell Abrogation of TGFbeta signaling in T cells leads to spontaneous T cell differentiation and autoimmune disease Immunity 12 2 2000 171 181 (Pubitemid 30398631)
52. S. Oertelt, Z.X. Lian, and C.M. Cheng Anti-mitochondrial antibodies and primary biliary cirrhosis in TGF-beta receptor II dominant-negative mice J Immunol 177 3 2006 1655 1660 (Pubitemid 44092501)
53. T.R. Malek The main function of IL-2 is to promote the development of T regulatory cells J Leukoc Biol 74 6 2003 961 965 (Pubitemid 38040316)
54. B.H. Nelson IL-2, regulatory T cells, and tolerance J Immunol 172 7 2004 3983 3988 (Pubitemid 38375208)
55. C.A. Piccirillo, and E.M. Shevach Naturally-occurring CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells: central players in the arena of peripheral tolerance Semin Immunol 16 2 2004 81 88 (Pubitemid 38234759)
56. K. Wakabayashi, Z.X. Lian, and Y. Moritoki IL-2 receptor alpha(-/-) mice and the development of primary biliary cirrhosis Hepatology 44 5 2006 1240 1249 (Pubitemid 44748374)
57. J. Prieto, C. Qian, and N. Garcia Abnormal expression of anion exchanger genes in primary biliary cirrhosis Gastroenterology 105 2 1993 572 578 (Pubitemid 23213546)
58. J.F. Medina, A. Martinez, and J.J. Vazquez Decreased anion exchanger 2 immunoreactivity in the liver of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis Hepatology 25 1 1997 12 17 (Pubitemid 27014978)
59. S. Melero, C. Spirli, and A. Zsembery Defective regulation of cholangiocyte Cl-/HCO3(-) and Na+/H+ exchanger activities in primary biliary cirrhosis Hepatology 35 6 2002 1513 1521 (Pubitemid 34966907)
60. S. Recalde, F. Muruzabal, and N. Looije Inefficient chronic activation of parietal cells in Ae2a, b(-/-) mice Am J Pathol 169 1 2006 165 176
61. J.F. Medina, S. Recalde, and J. Prieto Anion exchanger 2 is essential for spermiogenesis in mice Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100 26 2003 15847 15852 (Pubitemid 38021078)
62. J.T. Salas, J.M. Banales, and S. Sarvide Ae2a, b-deficient mice develop antimitochondrial antibodies and other features resembling primary biliary cirrhosis Gastroenterology 134 5 2008 1482 1493 (Pubitemid 351626951)
63. K. Amano, P.S. Leung, and R. Rieger Chemical xenobiotics and mitochondrial autoantigens in primary biliary cirrhosis: identification of antibodies against a common environmental, cosmetic, and food additive, 2-octynoic acid J Immunol 174 9 2005 5874 5883 (Pubitemid 40593233)
64. K. Wakabayashi, Z.X. Lian, and P.S. Leung Loss of tolerance in C57BL/6 mice to the autoantigen E2 subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase by a xenobiotic with ensuing biliary ductular disease Hepatology 48 2 2008 531 540
65. M.P. Manns, A.J. Czaja, and J.D. Gorham Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis Hepatology 51 6 2010 2193 2213
66. H. Hofer, C. Oesterreicher, and F. Wrba Centrilobular necrosis in autoimmune hepatitis: a histological feature associated with acute clinical presentation J Clin Pathol 59 3 2006 246 249 (Pubitemid 43344883)
67. A.W. Lohse, K.H. zum Buschenfelde, and B. Franz Characterization of the overlap syndrome of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis: evidence for it being a hepatitic form of PBC in genetically susceptible individuals Hepatology 29 4 1999 1078 1084 (Pubitemid 29168740)
68. O. Chazouilleres, D. Wendum, and L. Serfaty Primary biliary cirrhosis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome: clinical features and response to therapy Hepatology 28 2 1998 296 301 (Pubitemid 28363652)
69. A.B. Kulkarni, C.G. Huh, and D. Becker Transforming growth factor beta 1 null mutation in mice causes excessive inflammatory response and early death Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90 2 1993 770 774 (Pubitemid 23028947)
70. J.D. Gorham, J.T. Lin, and J.L. Sung Genetic regulation of autoimmune disease: BALB/c background TGF-beta 1-deficient mice develop necroinflammatory IFN-gamma-dependent hepatitis J Immunol 166 10 2001 6413 6422 (Pubitemid 32440776)
71. R.W. Chapman, B.A. Arborgh, and J.M. Rhodes Primary sclerosing cholangitis: a review of its clinical features, cholangiography, and hepatic histology Gut 21 10 1980 870 877 (Pubitemid 11198911)
72. B. Lindkvist, M. Benito de Valle, and B. Gullberg Incidence and prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a defined adult population in Sweden Hepatology 52 2 2010 571 577
73. A.H. Mulder, G. Horst, and E.B. Haagsma Prevalence and characterization of neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in autoimmune liver diseases Hepatology 17 3 1993 411 417 (Pubitemid 23072815)
74. H.H. Rasmussen, J.F. Fallingborg, and P.B. Mortensen Hepatobiliary dysfunction and primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with Crohn's disease Scand J Gastroenterol 32 6 1997 604 610 (Pubitemid 27314273)
75. R. Olsson, A. Danielsson, and G. Jarnerot Prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with ulcerative colitis Gastroenterology 100 5 Pt 1 1991 1319 1323
76. Y.M. Lee, and M.M. Kaplan Primary sclerosing cholangitis N Engl J Med 332 14 1995 924 933
77. W.R. Kim, J. Ludwig, and K.D. Lindor Variant forms of cholestatic diseases involving small bile ducts in adults Am J Gastroenterol 95 5 2000 1130 1138 (Pubitemid 30263502)
78. E. Bjornsson, R. Olsson, and A. Bergquist The natural history of small-duct primary sclerosing cholangitis Gastroenterology 134 4 2008 975 980 (Pubitemid 351451987)
79. S.N. Lichtman, J. Keku, and R.L. Clark Biliary tract disease in rats with experimental small bowel bacterial overgrowth Hepatology 13 4 1991 766 772
80. S.N. Lichtman, J. Wang, and R.L. Clark A microcholangiographic study of liver disease models in rats Acad Radiol 2 6 1995 515 521
81. S.N. Lichtman, J. Keku, and J.H. Schwab Hepatic injury associated with small bowel bacterial overgrowth in rats is prevented by metronidazole and tetracycline Gastroenterology 100 2 1991 513 519
82. M. Trauner, P. Fickert, and E. Halilbasic Lessons from the toxic bile concept for the pathogenesis and treatment of cholestatic liver diseases Wien Med Wochenschr 158 19-20 2008 542 548
83. P. Fickert, A. Fuchsbichler, and M. Wagner Regurgitation of bile acids from leaky bile ducts causes sclerosing cholangitis in Mdr2 (Abcb4) knockout mice Gastroenterology 127 1 2004 261 274 (Pubitemid 38962293)
84. T.H. Mauad, C.M. van Nieuwkerk, and K.P. Dingemans Mice with homozygous disruption of the mdr2 P-glycoprotein gene. A novel animal model for studies of nonsuppurative inflammatory cholangitis and hepatocarcinogenesis Am J Pathol 145 5 1994 1237 1245
85. E. Pikarsky, R.M. Porat, and I. Stein NF-kappaB functions as a tumour promoter in inflammation-associated cancer Nature 431 7007 2004 461 466 (Pubitemid 39329586)
86. S. Sheth, J.C. Shea, and M.D. Bishop Increased prevalence of CFTR mutations and variants and decreased chloride secretion in primary sclerosing cholangitis Hum Genet 113 3 2003 286 292 (Pubitemid 36992289)
87. P.G. Blanco, M.M. Zaman, and O. Junaidi Induction of colitis in cftr-/- mice results in bile duct injury Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287 2 2004 G491 G496
88. P. Fickert, U. Stoger, and A. Fuchsbichler A new xenobiotic-induced mouse model of sclerosing cholangitis and biliary fibrosis Am J Pathol 171 2 2007 525 536 (Pubitemid 47344685)
89. P. Fickert, A. Fuchsbichler, and H.U. Marschall Lithocholic acid feeding induces segmental bile duct obstruction and destructive cholangitis in mice Am J Pathol 168 2 2006 410 422 (Pubitemid 43271140)
90. L.M. Mc, and K.R. Rees Hyperplasia of bile-ducts induced by alpha-naphthyl-iso-thiocyanate: experimental biliary cirrhosis free from biliary obstruction J Pathol Bacteriol 76 1 1958 175 188
91. G.W. Erkelens, F.P. Vleggaar, and W. Lesterhuis Sclerosing pancreato-cholangitis responsive to steroid therapy Lancet 354 9172 1999 43 44 (Pubitemid 29304304)
92. T. Nakazawa, H. Ohara, and H. Sano Cholangiography can discriminate sclerosing cholangitis with autoimmune pancreatitis from primary sclerosing cholangitis Gastrointest Endosc 60 6 2004 937 944 (Pubitemid 39655468)
93. A.J. Small, C.G. Loftus, and T.C. Smyrk A case of IgG4-associated cholangitis and autoimmune pancreatitis responsive to corticosteroids Nat Clin Pract Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 12 2008 707 712
94. T. Umemura, Y. Zen, and H. Hamano Immunoglobin G4-hepatopathy: association of immunoglobin G4-bearing plasma cells in liver with autoimmune pancreatitis Hepatology 46 2 2007 463 471 (Pubitemid 47344782)