The hallmarks of CDKN1C (p57, KIP2) in cancer

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Reviews on Cancer

Volumn 1816, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 50-56

  Kavanagh, Edel ^a   Joseph, Bertrand ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA INSTITUTE   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Cancer; P57KIP2; Tumor suppressor

Indexed keywords

ARABINOSIDE; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR 1C; DEXAMETHASONE; EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE; FLAVOPIRIDOL; GLUCOCORTICOID; HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; HYPOPHYSIS ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVATING POLYPEPTIDE; IMATINIB; MITOXANTRONE; N [5 (5 TERT BUTYL 2 OXAZOLYLMETHYLTHIO) 2 THIAZOLYL]ISONIPECOTAMIDE; POLYPHENOL; VORINOSTAT;

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; BLADDER CANCER; BREAST CANCER; CANCER INVASION; CELL DEATH; CELL MIGRATION; CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA; COLORECTAL CANCER; DNA METHYLATION; DRUG TARGETING; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE SILENCING; GENOME IMPRINTING; HUMAN; LIVER CANCER; LUNG CANCER; MELANOMA; METASTASIS; NEOPLASM; NONHUMAN; OVARY CANCER; PANCREAS CANCER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROMOTER REGION; PROSTATE CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RETINOBLASTOMA; REVIEW; STOMACH CANCER; T CELL LYMPHOMA; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION; TUMOR GROWTH; TUMOR VASCULARIZATION;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITOR P57; HUMANS; NEOPLASM INVASIVENESS; NEOPLASMS;

EID: 79953840789     PISSN: 0304419X     EISSN: 0304419X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.03.002     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Matsuoka S., Edwards M.C., Bai C., Parker S., Zhang P., Baldini A., Harper J.W., Elledge S.J. p57KIP2, a structurally distinct member of the p21CIP1 Cdk inhibitor family, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Genes Dev. 1995, 9:650-662.
2. Besson A., Dowdy S.F., Roberts J.M. CDK inhibitors: cell cycle regulators and beyond. Dev. Cell 2008, 14:159-169.
3. Pateras I.S., Apostolopoulou K., Niforou K., Kotsinas A., Gorgoulis V.G. p57KIP2: "Kip"ing the cell under control. Mol. Cancer Res. 2009, 7:1902-1919.
4. Lam W.W., Hatada I., Ohishi S., Mukai T., Joyce J.A., Cole T.R., Donnai D., Reik W., Schofield P.N., Maher E.R. Analysis of germline CDKN1C (p57KIP2) mutations in familial and sporadic Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) provides a novel genotype-phenotype correlation. J. Med. Genet. 1999, 36:518-523.
5. Yan Y., Frisen J., Lee M.H., Massague J., Barbacid M. Ablation of the CDK inhibitor p57Kip2 results in increased apoptosis and delayed differentiation during mouse development. Genes Dev. 1997, 11:973-983.
6. Zhang P., Liegeois N.J., Wong C., Finegold M., Hou H., Thompson J.C., Silverman A., Harper J.W., DePinho R.A., Elledge S.J. Altered cell differentiation and proliferation in mice lacking p57KIP2 indicates a role in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Nature 1997, 387:151-158.
7. Joseph B., Wallen-Mackenzie A., Benoit G., Murata T., Joodmardi E., Okret S., Perlmann T. p57(Kip2) cooperates with Nurr1 in developing dopamine cells. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100:15619-15624.
8. Deng C., Zhang P., Harper J.W., Elledge S.J., Leder P. Mice lacking p21CIP1/WAF1 undergo normal development, but are defective in G1 checkpoint control. Cell 1995, 82:675-684.
9. Brugarolas J., Chandrasekaran C., Gordon J.I., Beach D., Jacks T., Hannon G.J. Radiation-induced cell cycle arrest compromised by p21 deficiency. Nature 1995, 377:552-557.
10. Nakayama K., Ishida N., Shirane M., Inomata A., Inoue T., Shishido N., Horii I., Loh D.Y. Mice lacking p27(Kip1) display increased body size, multiple organ hyperplasia, retinal dysplasia, and pituitary tumors. Cell 1996, 85:707-720.
11. Joseph B., Andersson E.R., Vlachos P., Sodersten E., Liu L., Teixeira A.I., Hermanson O. p57Kip2 is a repressor of Mash1 activity and neuronal differentiation in neural stem cells. Cell Death Differ. 2009, 16:1256-1265.
12. Vlachos P., Nyman U., Hajji N., Joseph B. The cell cycle inhibitor p57(Kip2) promotes cell death via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Cell Death Differ. 2007, 14:1497-1507.
13. Vlachos P., Joseph B. The Cdk inhibitor p57(Kip2) controls LIM-kinase 1 activity and regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Oncogene 2009, 28:4175-4188.
14. Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell 2000, 100:57-70.
15. Figliola R., Maione R. MyoD induces the expression of p57Kip2 in cells lacking p21Cip1/Waf1: overlapping and distinct functions of the two cdk inhibitors. J. Cell. Physiol. 2004, 200:468-475.
16. Vaccarello G., Figliola R., Cramerotti S., Novelli F., Maione R. p57Kip2 is induced by MyoD through a p73-dependent pathway. J. Mol. Biol. 2006, 356:578-588.
17. Sirri V., Leibovitch M.P., Leibovitch S.A. Muscle regulatory factor MRF4 activates differentiation in rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells through a positive-acting C-terminal protein domain. Oncogene 2003, 22:5658-5666.
18. Jin R.J., Lho Y., Wang Y., Ao M., Revelo M.P., Hayward S.W., Wills M.L., Logan S.K., Zhang P., Matusik R.J. Down-regulation of p57Kip2 induces prostate cancer in the mouse. Cancer Res. 2008, 68:3601-3608.
19. Riccio O., van Gijn M.E., Bezdek A.C., Pellegrinet L., van Es J.H., Zimber-Strobl U., Strobl L.J., Honjo T., Clevers H., Radtke F. Loss of intestinal crypt progenitor cells owing to inactivation of both Notch1 and Notch2 is accompanied by derepression of CDK inhibitors p27Kip1 and p57Kip2. EMBO Rep. 2008, 9:377-383.
20. Wang Z., Azmi A.S., Ahmad A., Banerjee S., Wang S., Sarkar F.H., Mohammad R.M. TW-37, a small-molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2, inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer: involvement of Notch-1 signaling pathway. Cancer Res. 2009, 69:2757-2765.
21. Vogelstein B., Lane D., Levine A.J. Surfing the p53 network. Nature 2000, 408:307-310.
22. Samuelsson M.K., Pazirandeh A., Okret S. A pro-apoptotic effect of the CDK inhibitor p57(Kip2) on staurosporine-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 296:702-709.
23. Chang T.S., Kim M.J., Ryoo K., Park J., Eom S.J., Shim J., Nakayama K.I., Nakayama K., Tomita M., Takahashi K., Lee M.J., Choi E.J. p57KIP2 modulates stress-activated signaling by inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein Kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:48092-48098.
24. Haley S.A., Zhao T., Zou L., Klysik J.E., Padbury J.F., Kochilas L.K. Forced expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p57Kip2 in cardiomyocytes attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in the mouse heart. BMC Physiol. 2008, 8:4.
25. Sakai K., Peraud A., Mainprize T., Nakayama J., Tsugu A., Hongo K., Kobayashi S., Rutka J.T. Inducible expression of p57KIP2 inhibits glioma cell motility and invasion. J. Neurooncol. 2004, 68:217-223.
26. Van Troys M., Huyck L., Leyman S., Dhaese S., Vandekerkhove J., Ampe C. Ins and outs of ADF/cofilin activity and regulation. Eur. J. Cell Biol. 2008, 87:649-667.
27. Yang N., Higuchi O., Ohashi K., Nagata K., Wada A., Kangawa K., Nishida E., Mizuno K. Cofilin phosphorylation by LIM-kinase 1 and its role in Rac-mediated actin reorganization. Nature 1998, 393:809-812.
28. Maekawa M., Ishizaki T., Boku S., Watanabe N., Fujita A., Iwamatsu A., Obinata T., Ohashi K., Mizuno K., Narumiya S. Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase. Science 1999, 285:895-898.
29. Yokoo T., Toyoshima H., Miura M., Wang Y., Iida K.T., Suzuki H., Sone H., Shimano H., Gotoda T., Nishimori S., Tanaka K., Yamada N. p57Kip2 regulates actin dynamics by binding and translocating LIM-kinase 1 to the nucleus. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278:52919-52923.
30. Matsuura T., Takahashi K., Nakayama K., Kobayashi T., Choi-Miura N.H., Tomita M., Kanayama N. Increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in placentas of p57(Kip2) null embryos. FEBS Lett. 2002, 532:283-288.
31. Poliseno L., Tuccoli A., Mariani L., Evangelista M., Citti L., Woods K., Mercatanti A., Hammond S., Rainaldi G. MicroRNAs modulate the angiogenic properties of HUVECs. Blood 2006, 108:3068-3071.
32. Ali M.A., Choy H., Habib A.A., Saha D. SNS-032 prevents tumor cell-induced angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor. Neoplasia 2007, 9:370-381.
33. Hatada I., Ohashi H., Fukushima Y., Kaneko Y., Inoue M., Komoto Y., Okada A., Ohishi S., Nabetani A., Morisaki H., Nakayama M., Niikawa N., Mukai T. An imprinted gene p57KIP2 is mutated in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Nat. Genet. 1996, 14:171-173.
34. Kondo M., Matsuoka S., Uchida K., Osada H., Nagatake M., Takagi K., Harper J.W., Takahashi T., Elledge S.J. Selective maternal-allele loss in human lung cancers of the maternally expressed p57KIP2 gene at 11p15.5. Oncogene 1996, 12:1365-1368.
35. Matsuoka S., Thompson J.S., Edwards M.C., Bartletta J.M., Grundy P., Kalikin L.M., Harper J.W., Elledge S.J., Feinberg A.P. Imprinting of the gene encoding a human cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p57KIP2, on chromosome 11p15. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1996, 93:3026-3030.
36. Kikuchi T., Toyota M., Itoh F., Suzuki H., Obata T., Yamamoto H., Kakiuchi H., Kusano M., Issa J.P., Tokino T., Imai K. Inactivation of p57KIP2 by regional promoter hypermethylation and histone deacetylation in human tumors. Oncogene 2002, 21:2741-2749.
37. Li Y., Nagai H., Ohno T., Yuge M., Hatano S., Ito E., Mori N., Saito H., Kinoshita T. Aberrant DNA methylation of p57(KIP2) gene in the promoter region in lymphoid malignancies of B-cell phenotype. Blood 2002, 100:2572-2577.
38. Lee S.M., Lee E.J., Ko Y.H., Lee S.H., Maeng L., Kim K.M. Prognostic significance of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase and p57 methylation in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Apmis 2009, 117:87-94.
39. Hagiwara K., Li Y., Kinoshita T., Kunishma S., Ohashi H., Hotta T., Nagai H. Aberrant DNA methylation of the p57KIP2 gene is a sensitive biomarker for detecting minimal residual disease in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Leuk. Res. 2010, 34:50-54.
40. Bueso-Ramos C., Xu Y., McDonnell T.J., Brisbay S., Pierce S., Kantarjian H., Rosner G., Garcia-Manero G. Protein expression of a triad of frequently methylated genes, p73, p57Kip2, and p15, has prognostic value in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia independently of its methylation status. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005, 23:3932-3939.
41. Bozdogan O., Atasoy P., Batislam E., Basar M.M., Basar H. Significance of p57(Kip2) down-regulation in oncogenesis of bladder carcinoma: an immunohistochemical study. Tumori 2008, 94:556-562.
42. Hoffmann M.J., Florl A.R., Seifert H.H., Schulz W.A. Multiple mechanisms downregulate CDKN1C in human bladder cancer. Int. J. Cancer 2005, 114:406-413.
43. Oya M., Schulz W.A. Decreased expression of p57(KIP2)mRNA in human bladder cancer. Br. J. Cancer 2000, 83:626-631.
44. Yang X., Karuturi R.K., Sun F., Aau M., Yu K., Shao R., Miller L.D., Tan P.B., Yu Q. CDKN1C (p57) is a direct target of EZH2 and suppressed by multiple epigenetic mechanisms in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2009, 4:e5011.
45. Larson P.S., Schlechter B.L., King C.L., Yang Q., Glass C.N., Mack C., Pistey R., de Las Morenas A., Rosenberg C.L. CDKN1C/p57kip2 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in human breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2008, 8:68.
46. Li J.Q., Wu F., Usuki H., Kubo A., Masaki T., Fujita J., Bandoh S., Saoo K., Takeuchi H., Kuriyama S., Ishida T., Imaida K. Loss of p57KIP2 is associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Int. J. Oncol. 2003, 23:1537-1543.
47. Shin J.Y., Kim H.S., Lee K.S., Kim J., Park J.B., Won M.H., Chae S.W., Choi Y.H., Choi K.C., Park Y.E., Lee J.Y. Mutation and expression of the p27KIP1 and p57KIP2 genes in human gastric cancer. Exp. Mol. Med. 2000, 32:79-83.
48. Guo H., Nan K., Hu T., Meng J., Hui W., Zhang X., Qin H., Sui C. Prognostic significance of co-expression of nm23 and p57 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol. Res. 2010, 40:1107-1116.
49. Ito Y., Takeda T., Sasaki Y., Sakon M., Yamada T., Ishiguro S., Imaoka S., Tsujimoto M., Monden M., Matsuura N. Expression of p57/Kip2 protein in extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. Liver 2002, 22:145-149.
50. Ito Y., Takeda T., Sakon M., Tsujimoto M., Monden M., Matsuura N. Expression of p57/Kip2 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology 2001, 61:221-225.
51. Pateras I.S., Apostolopoulou K., Koutsami M., Evangelou K., Tsantoulis P., Liloglou T., Nikolaidis G., Sigala F., Kittas C., Field J.K., Kotsinas A., Gorgoulis V.G. Downregulation of the KIP family members p27(KIP1) and p57(KIP2) by SKP2 and the role of methylation in p57(KIP2) inactivation in nonsmall cell lung cancer. Int. J. Cancer 2006, 119:2546-2556.
52. Curry J.L., Richards H.W., Huttenbach Y.T., Medrano E.E., Reed J.A. Different expression patterns of p27 and p57 proteins in benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms and in cultured human melanocytes. J. Cutan. Pathol. 2009, 36:197-205.
53. Sui L., Dong Y., Ohno M., Watanabe Y., Sugimoto K., Tokuda M. Expression of p57kip2 and its clinical relevance in epithelial ovarian tumors. Anticancer Res. 2002, 22:3191-3196.
54. Yue H., Yu J., Zhao X., Song F., Feng X. Expression of P57(kip2) and cyslinE proteins in human pancreatic cancer. Chin. Med. J. (Engl.) 2003, 116:944-946.
55. Ito Y., Takeda T., Wakasa K., Tsujimoto M., Matsuura N. Expression of p57/Kip2 protein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2001, 23:246-250.
56. Atasoy P., Yilmaz E., Bozdogan O., Ayva S., Batislam E. Expression profile and prognostic importance in prostate lesions of the reverse transcriptase component of human telomerase (hTERT) and of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 (p57kip2a). Int. Urol. Nephrol. 2009, 41:55-60.
57. Madhavan J., Mallikarjuna K., Vikas K., George R., Bremner R., Kumaramanickavel G. CDKN1C (p57KIP2) mRNA expression in human retinoblastomas. Ophthalmic Genet. 2010, 31:141-146.
58. Ito Y., Yoshida H., Matsuzuka F., Matsuura N., Nakamura Y., Nakamine H., Kakudo K., Kuma K., Miyauchi A. Expression of the components of the Cip/Kip family in malignant lymphoma of the thyroid. Pathobiology 2004, 71:164-170.
59. Kouzarides T. Chromatin modifications and their function. Cell 2007, 128:693-705.
60. Algar E.M., Muscat A., Dagar V., Rickert C., Chow C.W., Biegel J.A., Ekert P.G., Saffery R., Craig J., Johnstone R.W., Ashley D.M. Imprinted CDKN1C is a tumor suppressor in rhabdoid tumor and activated by restoration of SMARCB1 and histone deacetylase inhibitors. PLoS One 2009, 4:e4482.
61. Shin J.Y., Kim H.S., Park J., Park J.B., Lee J.Y. Mechanism for inactivation of the KIP family cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor genes in gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2000, 60:262-265.
62. Chun-Zhi Z., Lei H., An-Ling Z., Yan-Chao F., Xiao Y., Guang-Xiu W., Zhi-Fan J., Pei-Yu P., Qing-Yu Z., Chun-Sheng K. MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radioresistance by targeting PTEN. BMC Cancer 2010, 10:367.
63. Kim Y.K., Yu J., Han T.S., Park S.Y., Namkoong B., Kim D.H., Hur K., Yoo M.W., Lee H.J., Yang H.K., Kim V.N. Functional links between clustered microRNAs: suppression of cell-cycle inhibitors by microRNA clusters in gastric cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 2009, 37:1672-1681.
64. Wurz K., Garcia R.L., Goff B.A., Mitchell P.S., Lee J.H., Tewari M., Swisher E.M. MiR-221 and MiR-222 alterations in sporadic ovarian carcinoma: relationship to CDKN1B, CDKNIC and overall survival. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2010, 49:577-584.
65. Zhang C., Han L., Zhang A., Yang W., Zhou X., Pu P., Du Y., Zeng H., Kang C. Global changes of mRNA expression reveals an increased activity of the interferon-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway by repression of miR-221/222 in glioblastoma U251 cells. Int. J. Oncol. 2010, 36:1503-1512.
66. Gramantieri L., Fornari F., Ferracin M., Veronese A., Sabbioni S., Calin G.A., Grazi G.L., Croce C.M., Bolondi L., Negrini M. MicroRNA-221 targets Bmf in hepatocellular carcinoma and correlates with tumor multifocality. Clin. Cancer Res. 2009, 15:5073-5081.
67. Fornari F., Gramantieri L., Ferracin M., Veronese A., Sabbioni S., Calin G.A., Grazi G.L., Giovannini C., Croce C.M., Bolondi L., Negrini M. MiR-221 controls CDKN1C/p57 and CDKN1B/p27 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2008, 27:5651-5661.
68. Sengupta S., Nie J., Wagner R.J., Yang C., Stewart R., Thomson J.A. MicroRNA 92b controls the G1/S checkpoint gene p57 in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2009, 27:1524-1528.
69. Nass D., Rosenwald S., Meiri E., Gilad S., Tabibian-Keissar H., Schlosberg A., Kuker H., Sion-Vardy N., Tobar A., Kharenko O., Sitbon E., Lithwick Yanai G., Elyakim E., Cholakh H., Gibori H., Spector Y., Bentwich Z., Barshack I., Rosenfeld N. MiR-92b and miR-9/9* are specifically expressed in brain primary tumors and can be used to differentiate primary from metastatic brain tumors. Brain Pathol. 2009, 19:375-383.
70. Kamura T., Hara T., Kotoshiba S., Yada M., Ishida N., Imaki H., Hatakeyama S., Nakayama K., Nakayama K.I. Degradation of p57Kip2 mediated by SCFSkp2-dependent ubiquitylation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2003, 100:10231-10236.
71. D.F. Calvisi, F. Pinna, S. Ladu, M.R. Muroni, M. Frau, I. Demartis, M.L. Tomasi, M. Sini, M.M. Simile, M.A. Seddaiu, F. Feo, R.M. Pascale, The degradation of cell cycle regulators by SKP2/CKS1 ubiquitin ligase is genetically controlled in rodent liver cancer and contributes to determine the susceptibility to the disease, Int J Cancer, 126, 1275-1281.
72. Lin T.S., Ruppert A.S., Johnson A.J., Fischer B., Heerema N.A., Andritsos L.A., Blum K.A., Flynn J.M., Jones J.A., Hu W., Moran M.E., Mitchell S.M., Smith L.L., Wagner A.J., Raymond C.A., Schaaf L.J., Phelps M.A., Villalona-Calero M.A., Grever M.R., Byrd J.C. Phase II study of flavopiridol in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia demonstrating high response rates in genetically high-risk disease. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009, 27:6012-6018.
73. Heath E.I., Bible K., Martell R.E., Adelman D.C., Lorusso P.M. A phase 1 study of SNS-032 (formerly BMS-387032), a potent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 2, 7 and 9 administered as a single oral dose and weekly infusion in patients with metastatic refractory solid tumors. Invest. New Drugs 2008, 26:59-65.
74. Tong W.G., Chen R., Plunkett W., Siegel D., Sinha R., Harvey R.D., Badros A.Z., Popplewell L., Coutre S., Fox J.A., Mahadocon K., Chen T., Kegley P., Hoch U., Wierda W.G. Phase I and pharmacologic study of SNS-032, a potent and selective Cdk2, 7, and 9 inhibitor, in patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2010, 28:3015-3022.
75. Olsen E.A., Kim Y.H., Kuzel T.M., Pacheco T.R., Foss F.M., Parker S., Frankel S.R., Chen C., Ricker J.L., Arduino J.M., Duvic M. Phase IIb multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2007, 25:3109-3115.
76. Druker B.J., Guilhot F., O'Brien S.G., Gathmann I., Kantarjian H., Gattermann N., Deininger M.W., Silver R.T., Goldman J.M., Stone R.M., Cervantes F., Hochhaus A., Powell B.L., Gabrilove J.L., Rousselot P., Reiffers J., Cornelissen J.J., Hughes T., Agis H., Fischer T., Verhoef G., Shepherd J., Saglio G., Gratwohl A., Nielsen J.L., Radich J.P., Simonsson B., Taylor K., Baccarani M., So C., Letvak L., Larson R.A. Five-year follow-up of patients receiving imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006, 355:2408-2417.
77. Carey R.G., Li B., DiCicco-Bloom E. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide anti-mitogenic signaling in cerebral cortical progenitors is regulated by p57Kip2-dependent CDK2 activity. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:1583-1591.
78. Hsu S., Lewis J.B., Borke J.L., Singh B., Dickinson D.P., Caughman G.B., Athar M., Drake L., Aiken A.C., Huynh C.T., Das B.R., Osaki T., Schuster G.S. Chemopreventive effects of green tea polyphenols correlate with reversible induction of p57 expression. Anticancer Res. 2001, 21:3743-3748.
79. Koehler P.J. Use of corticosteroids in neuro-oncology. Anticancer Drugs 1995, 6:19-33.
80. Senderowicz A.M. Small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase modulators. Oncogene 2003, 22:6609-6620.
81. Ma Y., Cress W.D. Transcriptional upregulation of p57 (Kip2) by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor BMS-387032 is E2F dependent and serves as a negative feedback loop limiting cytotoxicity. Oncogene 2007, 26:3532-3540.
82. Melillo G., Sausville E.A., Cloud K., Lahusen T., Varesio L., Senderowicz A.M. Flavopiridol, a protein kinase inhibitor, down-regulates hypoxic induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human monocytes. Cancer Res. 1999, 59:5433-5437.
83. Karp J.E., Smith B.D., Levis M.J., Gore S.D., Greer J., Hattenburg C., Briel J., Jones R.J., Wright J.J., Colevas A.D. Sequential flavopiridol, cytosine arabinoside, and mitoxantrone: a phase II trial in adults with poor-risk acute myelogenous leukemia. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13:4467-4473.
84. Ramaswamy B., Phelps M.A., Baiocchi R., Bekaii-Saab T., Ni W., Lai J.P., Wolfson A., Lustberg M.E., Wei L., Wilkins D., Campbell A., Arbogast D., Doyle A., Byrd J.C., Grever M.R., Shah M.H. A dose-finding, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of a novel schedule of flavopiridol in patients with advanced solid tumors. Invest. New Drugs 2010, epub.
85. Conroy A., Stockett D.E., Walker D., Arkin M.R., Hoch U., Fox J.A., Hawtin R.E. SNS-032 is a potent and selective CDK 2, 7 and 9 inhibitor that drives target modulation in patient samples. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2009, 64:723-732.
86. Boquoi A., Chen T., Enders G.H. Chemoprevention of mouse intestinal tumorigenesis by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor SNS-032. Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila) 2009, 2:800-806.
87. Ali M.A., Reis A., Ding L.H., Story M.D., Habib A.A., Chattopadhyay A., Saha D. SNS-032 prevents hypoxia-mediated glioblastoma cell invasion by inhibiting hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha expression. Int. J. Oncol. 2009, 34:1051-1060.
88. Kodym E., Kodym R., Reis A.E., Habib A.A., Story M.D., Saha D. The small-molecule CDK inhibitor, SNS-032, enhances cellular radiosensitivity in quiescent and hypoxic non-small cell lung cancer cells. Lung Cancer 2009, 66:37-47.
89. Zupkovitz G., Tischler J., Posch M., Sadzak I., Ramsauer K., Egger G., Grausenburger R., Schweifer N., Chiocca S., Decker T., Seiser C. Negative and positive regulation of gene expression by mouse histone deacetylase 1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2006, 26:7913-7928.
90. Cucciolla V., Borriello A., Criscuolo M., Sinisi A.A., Bencivenga D., Tramontano A., Scudieri A.C., Oliva A., Zappia V., Della Ragione F. Histone deacetylase inhibitors upregulate p57Kip2 level by enhancing its expression through Sp1 transcription factor. Carcinogenesis 2008, 29:560-567.
91. Seo J.S., Cho N.Y., Kim H.R., Tsurumi T., Jang Y.S., Lee W.K., Lee S.K. Cell cycle arrest and lytic induction of EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cells by a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A. Oncol. Rep. 2008, 19:93-98.
92. Borriello A., Caldarelli I., Bencivenga D., Cucciolla V., Oliva A., Usala E., Danise P., Ronzoni L., Perrotta S., Della Ragione F. p57Kip2 is a downstream effector of BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Carcinogenesis 2010.
93. Lelievre V., Becq-Giraudon L., Meunier A.C., Muller J.M. Switches in the expression and function of PACAP and VIP receptors during phenotypic interconversion in human neuroblastoma cells. Neuropeptides 1996, 30:313-322.
94. Lelievre V., Pineau N., Du J., Wen C.H., Nguyen T., Janet T., Muller J.M., Waschek J.A. Differential effects of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI) and related peptides on stimulation and suppression of neuroblastoma cell proliferation. A novel VIP-independent action of PHI via MAP kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273:19685-19690.
95. Ahmad N., Feyes D.K., Nieminen A.L., Agarwal R., Mukhtar H. Green tea constituent epigallocatechin-3-gallate and induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human carcinoma cells. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1997, 89:1881-1886.
96. Hsu S., Yu F.S., Lewis J., Singh B., Borke J., Osaki T., Athar M., Schuster G. Induction of p57 is required for cell survival when exposed to green tea polyphenols. Anticancer Res. 2002, 22:4115-4120.
97. Yamamoto T., Digumarthi H., Aranbayeva Z., Wataha J., Lewis J., Messer R., Qin H., Dickinson D., Osaki T., Schuster G.S., Hsu S. EGCG-targeted p57/KIP2 reduces tumorigenicity of oral carcinoma cells: role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 2007, 224:318-325.
98. Alheim K., Corness J., Samuelsson M.K., Bladh L.G., Murata T., Nilsson T., Okret S. Identification of a functional glucocorticoid response element in the promoter of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 2003, 30:359-368.
99. Samuelsson M.K., Pazirandeh A., Davani B., Okret S. p57Kip2, a glucocorticoid-induced inhibitor of cell cycle progression in HeLa cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 1999, 13:1811-1822.
100. D. Hanahan, R.A. Weinberg, Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation, Cell, 144, 646-674.