메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 244-256

Multiple interacting ecosystem drivers: Toward an encompassing hypothesis of oak forest dynamics across eastern North America

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; DECIDUOUS FOREST; DROUGHT; FOREST DYNAMICS; HERBIVORE; HUMAN SETTLEMENT; HYPOTHESIS TESTING; LAND USE CHANGE; LITERATURE REVIEW; MOISTURE CONTENT; RECRUITMENT (POPULATION DYNAMICS); REGENERATION; SEED PREDATION;

EID: 79953275798     PISSN: 09067590     EISSN: 16000587     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06390.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (294)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 0001101302 scopus 로고
    • Fire and the development of oak forests
    • Abrams, M. D. 1992. Fire and the development of oak forests. Bioscience 42: 346-353.
    • (1992) Bioscience , vol.42 , pp. 346-353
    • Abrams, M.D.1
  • 2
    • 0031966545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The red maple paradox
    • Abrams, M. D. 1998. The red maple paradox. Bioscience 48: 355-363.
    • (1998) Bioscience , vol.48 , pp. 355-363
    • Abrams, M.D.1
  • 3
    • 0141976713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where has all the white oak gone?
    • Abrams, M. D. 2003. Where has all the white oak gone?. Bioscience 53: 927-939.
    • (2003) Bioscience , vol.53 , pp. 927-939
    • Abrams, M.D.1
  • 4
    • 33645882209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prescribed fire and thinning on tree recruitment patterns in central hardwood forests
    • Albrecht, M. A. and McCarthy, B. C. 2006. Effects of prescribed fire and thinning on tree recruitment patterns in central hardwood forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 226: 88-103.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.226 , pp. 88-103
    • Albrecht, M.A.1    McCarthy, B.C.2
  • 5
    • 0032411248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation
    • Allen, C. D. and Breashears, D. D. 1998. Drought-induced shift of a forest-woodland ecotone: rapid landscape response to climate variation. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 14839-14842.
    • (1998) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.95 , pp. 14839-14842
    • Allen, C.D.1    Breashears, D.D.2
  • 6
    • 0031857745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in an oak-pine forest
    • Arthur, M. A. et al. 1998. Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in an oak-pine forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125: 225-236.
    • (1998) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 225-236
    • Arthur, M.A.1
  • 7
    • 0034694521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration of an oak forest in east-central Missouri early effects of prescribed burning on woody vegetation
    • Blake, J. G. and Schuette, B. 2000. Restoration of an oak forest in east-central Missouri early effects of prescribed burning on woody vegetation. For. Ecol. Manage. 139: 109-126.
    • (2000) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.139 , pp. 109-126
    • Blake, J.G.1    Schuette, B.2
  • 8
    • 33645066902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand structure over 9 years in burned and fire-excluded oak stands on the Cumberland Plateau, Kentucky
    • Blankenship, B. A. and Arthur, M. A. 2006. Stand structure over 9 years in burned and fire-excluded oak stands on the Cumberland Plateau, Kentucky. For. Ecol. Manage. 225: 134-145.
    • (2006) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.225 , pp. 134-145
    • Blankenship, B.A.1    Arthur, M.A.2
  • 9
    • 34547785066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term changes in an oak forest's woody understory and herb layer with repeated burning
    • Bowles, M. L. et al. 2007. Long-term changes in an oak forest's woody understory and herb layer with repeated burning. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134: 223-237.
    • (2007) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.134 , pp. 223-237
    • Bowles, M.L.1
  • 11
    • 0032030419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of hardwood advance regeneration to seasonal prescribed fires in oak-dominated shelterwood stands
    • Brose, P. H. and Van Lear, D. H. 1998. Responses of hardwood advance regeneration to seasonal prescribed fires in oak-dominated shelterwood stands. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 331-339.
    • (1998) Can. J. For. Res , vol.28 , pp. 331-339
    • Brose, P.H.1    Van Lear, D.H.2
  • 12
    • 0033601741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites
    • Brose, P. H. et al. 1999. Using shelterwood harvests and prescribed fire to regenerate oak stands on productive upland sites. For. Ecol. Manage. 113: 125-141.
    • (1999) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.113 , pp. 125-141
    • Brose, P.H.1
  • 13
    • 0035504421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bringing fire back, the changing fire regimes of Appalachian mixed-oak forests
    • Brose, P. T. et al. 2001. Bringing fire back, the changing fire regimes of Appalachian mixed-oak forests. J. For. 99: 30-35.
    • (2001) J. For , vol.99 , pp. 30-35
    • Brose, P.T.1
  • 14
    • 0000649122 scopus 로고
    • Fire in the history of Mettler's Woods
    • Buell, M. F. et al. 1954. Fire in the history of Mettler's Woods. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 81: 253-255.
    • (1954) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.81 , pp. 253-255
    • Buell, M.F.1
  • 15
    • 0004177561 scopus 로고
    • U.S.D.A. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654, Washington DC. accessed 11 March 2009.
    • Burns, R. M. and Honkala, B. H. 1990. Silvics of North America, Vol. 2. hardwoods. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654, Washington DC . accessed 11 March 2009.
    • (1990) Silvics of North America, Vol. 2. hardwoods
    • Burns, R.M.1    Honkala, B.H.2
  • 16
    • 0024249026 scopus 로고
    • Effect of climate change on fire regimes in northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark, J. S. 1988. Effect of climate change on fire regimes in northwestern Minnesota. Nature 334: 233-235.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.334 , pp. 233-235
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 17
    • 0028188870 scopus 로고
    • Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: influences of topographic position and evergreen understory
    • Clinton, B. D. et al. 1994. Regeneration patterns in canopy gaps of mixed-oak forests of the southern Appalachians: influences of topographic position and evergreen understory. Am. Midl. Nat. 132: 308-319.
    • (1994) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.132 , pp. 308-319
    • Clinton, B.D.1
  • 18
    • 31344467130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the National Science Foundation Web document accessed January 31, 2009:, accessed 31 Jan. 2009.
    • Cook, E. R. and Krusic, P. J. 2004. The North American drought atlas. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and the National Science Foundation Web document accessed January 31, 2009: , accessed 31 Jan. 2009.
    • (2004) The North American drought atlas
    • Cook, E.R.1    Krusic, P.J.2
  • 19
    • 8344228537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term aridity changes in the western United States
    • Cook, E. R. et al. 2004. Long-term aridity changes in the western United States. Science 306: 1015-1018.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 1015-1018
    • Cook, E.R.1
  • 20
    • 11244257500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological impacts of deer overabundance
    • Cote, S. D. et al. 2004. Ecological impacts of deer overabundance. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 35: 113-147.
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst , vol.35 , pp. 113-147
    • Cote, S.D.1
  • 22
    • 0024199097 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) - a review
    • Crow, T. R. 1988. Reproductive mode and mechanisms for self-replacement of northern red oak (Quercus rubra) - a review. For. Sci. 34: 19-30.
    • (1988) For. Sci , vol.34 , pp. 19-30
    • Crow, T.R.1
  • 23
    • 0028321045 scopus 로고
    • Fire frequency on an oak-kickory ridgetop in the Missouri Ozarks
    • Cutter, B. E. and Guyette, R. P. 1994. Fire frequency on an oak-kickory ridgetop in the Missouri Ozarks. Am. Midl. Nat. 132: 393-398.
    • (1994) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.132 , pp. 393-398
    • Cutter, B.E.1    Guyette, R.P.2
  • 24
    • 0019208688 scopus 로고
    • Holocene climate of New England
    • Davis, M. B. et al. 1980. Holocene climate of New England. Quat. Res. 14: 240-250.
    • (1980) Quat. Res , vol.14 , pp. 240-250
    • Davis, M.B.1
  • 25
    • 0000411855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric human use of fire, the eastern agricultural complex, and Appalachian oak-chestnut forests: paleoecology of Cliff Palace Pond, Kentucky
    • Delcourt, P. A. et al. 1998. Prehistoric human use of fire, the eastern agricultural complex, and Appalachian oak-chestnut forests: paleoecology of Cliff Palace Pond, Kentucky. Am. Antiquity 63: 263-278.
    • (1998) Am. Antiquity , vol.63 , pp. 263-278
    • Delcourt, P.A.1
  • 26
    • 0027040049 scopus 로고
    • The pristine myth: The landscape of the Americas in 1492
    • Denevan, W. M. 1992. The pristine myth: The landscape of the Americas in 1492. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 82: 369-385.
    • (1992) Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr , vol.82 , pp. 369-385
    • Denevan, W.M.1
  • 27
    • 0027075440 scopus 로고
    • Agriculture in North America on the eve of contact: a reassessment
    • Doolittle, W. E. 1992. Agriculture in North America on the eve of contact: a reassessment. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 82: 386-401.
    • (1992) Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr , vol.82 , pp. 386-401
    • Doolittle, W.E.1
  • 28
    • 0034750841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using witness trees to assess forest change in southeastern Ohio
    • Dyer, J. M. 2001. Using witness trees to assess forest change in southeastern Ohio. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1708-1718.
    • (2001) Can. J. For. Res , vol.31 , pp. 1708-1718
    • Dyer, J.M.1
  • 29
    • 77949465879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use legacies in a central Appalachian forest: differential response of trees and herbs to historic agricultural practices
    • Dyer, J. M. 2010. Land-use legacies in a central Appalachian forest: differential response of trees and herbs to historic agricultural practices. Appl. Veg. Sci. 13: 195-206.
    • (2010) Appl. Veg. Sci , vol.13 , pp. 195-206
    • Dyer, J.M.1
  • 30
    • 0033593886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians
    • Elliot, K. J. et al. 1999. Vegetation dynamics after a prescribed fire in the southern Appalachians. For. Ecol. Manage. 114: 199-213.
    • (1999) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.114 , pp. 199-213
    • Elliot, K.J.1
  • 31
    • 27744432363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems
    • Ellison, A. M. et al. 2005. Loss of foundation species: consequences for the structure and dynamics of forested ecosystems. Front. Ecol. Environ. 3: 479-486.
    • (2005) Front. Ecol. Environ , vol.3 , pp. 479-486
    • Ellison, A.M.1
  • 32
    • 0346343419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential effects of passenger pigeon flocks on the structure and composition of presettlement forests of eastern North America
    • Ellsworth, J. W. and McComb, B. C. 2003. Potential effects of passenger pigeon flocks on the structure and composition of presettlement forests of eastern North America. Conserv. Biol. 17: 1548-1558.
    • (2003) Conserv. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 1548-1558
    • Ellsworth, J.W.1    McComb, B.C.2
  • 33
    • 0003032714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: regional forest dynamics in central New England
    • Foster, D. R. et al. 1998. Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: regional forest dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems 1: 96-119.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 96-119
    • Foster, D.R.1
  • 34
    • 0036816045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oak, chestnut and fire: climatic and cultural controls of long-term forest dynamics in New England, USA
    • Foster, D. R. et al. 2002. Oak, chestnut and fire: climatic and cultural controls of long-term forest dynamics in New England, USA. J. Biogeogr. 29: 1359-1379.
    • (2002) J. Biogeogr , vol.29 , pp. 1359-1379
    • Foster, D.R.1
  • 35
    • 0037232914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of land-use legacies to ecology and conservation
    • Foster, D. et al. 2003. The importance of land-use legacies to ecology and conservation. Bioscience 53: 77-88.
    • (2003) Bioscience , vol.53 , pp. 77-88
    • Foster, D.1
  • 36
    • 0023499066 scopus 로고
    • Climatic impacts on the vegetation of eastern North America during the past 2000 years
    • Gajewski, K. 1987. Climatic impacts on the vegetation of eastern North America during the past 2000 years. Vegetatio 68: 179-190.
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.68 , pp. 179-190
    • Gajewski, K.1
  • 38
    • 33749345674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronicity in climate and vegetation transitions between Europe and North America during the Holocene
    • Gajewski, K. et al. 2006. Synchronicity in climate and vegetation transitions between Europe and North America during the Holocene. Clim. Change 78: 341-361.
    • (2006) Clim. Change , vol.78 , pp. 341-361
    • Gajewski, K.1
  • 39
    • 0030201323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of mixed-oak forests in southeastern Ohio: a comparison of second-growth and old-growth forests
    • Goebel, P. C. and Hix, D. M. 1996. Development of mixed-oak forests in southeastern Ohio: a comparison of second-growth and old-growth forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 84: 1-21.
    • (1996) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.84 , pp. 1-21
    • Goebel, P.C.1    Hix, D.M.2
  • 40
    • 0005956858 scopus 로고
    • A study of natural replacement of chestnut in six stands in the Highlands of New Jersey
    • Good, N. F. 1968. A study of natural replacement of chestnut in six stands in the Highlands of New Jersey. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 95: 240-253.
    • (1968) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.95 , pp. 240-253
    • Good, N.F.1
  • 41
    • 33646747588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of multidecadal climate variability in a range extension of pinyonpine
    • Gray, S. T. et al. 2006. Role of multidecadal climate variability in a range extension of pinyonpine. Ecology 87: 1124-1130.
    • (2006) Ecology , vol.87 , pp. 1124-1130
    • Gray, S.T.1
  • 42
    • 0004221810 scopus 로고
    • The relation of geography to timber supply
    • Greeley, W. B. 1925. The relation of geography to timber supply. Econ. Geor. 1: 1-14.
    • (1925) Econ. Geor , vol.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Greeley, W.B.1
  • 43
    • 0021074537 scopus 로고
    • Chronology and dynamics of vegetation change in the prairie-woodland region of southern Minnesota, USA
    • Grimm, E. C. 1983. Chronology and dynamics of vegetation change in the prairie-woodland region of southern Minnesota, USA. New Phytol. 93: 311-350.
    • (1983) New Phytol , vol.93 , pp. 311-350
    • Grimm, E.C.1
  • 44
    • 0000396425 scopus 로고
    • Fire and other factors controlling Big Woods vegetation of Minnesotain the mid-nineteenth century
    • Grimm, E. C. 1984. Fire and other factors controlling Big Woods vegetation of Minnesotain the mid-nineteenth century. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 291-311.
    • (1984) Ecol. Monogr , vol.54 , pp. 291-311
    • Grimm, E.C.1
  • 45
    • 0037593528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history of oak-pine forests in the Lower Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA
    • Guyette, R. P. and Spetich, M. A. 2003. Fire history of oak-pine forests in the Lower Boston Mountains, Arkansas, USA. For. Ecol. Manage. 180: 463-474.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.180 , pp. 463-474
    • Guyette, R.P.1    Spetich, M.A.2
  • 46
    • 0036704539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of an anthropogenic fire regime
    • Guyette, R. P. et al. 2002. Dynamics of an anthropogenic fire regime. Ecosystems 5: 472-486.
    • (2002) Ecosystems , vol.5 , pp. 472-486
    • Guyette, R.P.1
  • 47
    • 0037233311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire and human history of a barren-forest mosaic in southern Indiana
    • Guyette, R. P. et al. 2003. Fire and human history of a barren-forest mosaic in southern Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 149: 21-34.
    • (2003) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.149 , pp. 21-34
    • Guyette, R.P.1
  • 50
    • 0020363565 scopus 로고
    • Fire history of the westernmost portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park
    • Harmon, M. 1982. Fire history of the westernmost portion of Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 109: 74-79.
    • (1982) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.109 , pp. 74-79
    • Harmon, M.1
  • 51
    • 53949086938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history from soil charcoal in a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee, USA
    • Hart, J. L. et al. 2008. Fire history from soil charcoal in a mixed hardwood forest on the Cumberland Plateau, Tennessee, USA. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 135: 401-410.
    • (2008) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.135 , pp. 401-410
    • Hart, J.L.1
  • 52
    • 0002895960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of deer on the structure and composition of oak forests in central Massachusetts
    • In: McShea, W. J. (eds), Smithsonian Inst. Press
    • Healy, W. M. 1997. Influence of deer on the structure and composition of oak forests in central Massachusetts. - In: McShea, W. J. et al (eds), The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management. Smithsonian Inst. Press, pp. 249-266.
    • (1997) The science of overabundance: deer ecology and population management , pp. 249-266
    • Healy, W.M.1
  • 54
    • 0023486821 scopus 로고
    • Landform-mediated differences in successional pathways among upland forest ecosystems in northwestern lower Michigan
    • Host, G. E. et al. 1987. Landform-mediated differences in successional pathways among upland forest ecosystems in northwestern lower Michigan. For. Sci. 33: 445-457.
    • (1987) For. Sci , vol.33 , pp. 445-457
    • Host, G.E.1
  • 55
    • 0033553842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fire on survival and growth of Acer rubrum and Quercus seedlings
    • Huddle, J. A. and Pallardy, S. G. 1999. Effect of fire on survival and growth of Acer rubrum and Quercus seedlings. For. Ecol. Manage. 118: 49-56.
    • (1999) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.118 , pp. 49-56
    • Huddle, J.A.1    Pallardy, S.G.2
  • 56
    • 0001114151 scopus 로고
    • Effects of 1925 summer drought on southern Appalachian hardwoods
    • Hursh, C. R. and Haasis, F. W. 1931. Effects of 1925 summer drought on southern Appalachian hardwoods. Ecology 12: 380-386.
    • (1931) Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 380-386
    • Hursh, C.R.1    Haasis, F.W.2
  • 57
    • 26444475796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of repeated prescribed fires on the structure, composition, and regeneration of mixed-oak forests in Ohio
    • Hutchinson, T. F. et al. 2005. Effects of repeated prescribed fires on the structure, composition, and regeneration of mixed-oak forests in Ohio. For. Ecol. Manage. 218: 210-228.
    • (2005) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.218 , pp. 210-228
    • Hutchinson, T.F.1
  • 58
    • 44449114118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history and the establishment of oaks and maples in second-growth forests
    • Hutchinson, T. F. et al. 2008. Fire history and the establishment of oaks and maples in second-growth forests. Can. J. For. Hist. 38: 1184-1198.
    • (2008) Can. J. For. Hist , vol.38 , pp. 1184-1198
    • Hutchinson, T.F.1
  • 59
    • 41949130945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results
    • Iverson, L. R. et al. 2008. Thinning, fire, and oak regeneration across a heterogeneous landscape in the eastern U.S.: 7-year results. For. Ecol. Manage. 255: 3035-3050.
    • (2008) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.255 , pp. 3035-3050
    • Iverson, L.R.1
  • 60
    • 33845239890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation, environment, and time: the origination and termination of ecosystems
    • Jackson, S. T. 2006. Vegetation, environment, and time: the origination and termination of ecosystems. J. Veg. Sci. 17: 549-557.
    • (2006) J. Veg. Sci , vol.17 , pp. 549-557
    • Jackson, S.T.1
  • 61
    • 0025994541 scopus 로고
    • Holocene vegetation patterns in the Adirondack Mountains
    • Jackson, S. T. and Whitehead, D. R. 1991. Holocene vegetation patterns in the Adirondack Mountains. Ecology 72: 641-653.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 641-653
    • Jackson, S.T.1    Whitehead, D.R.2
  • 62
    • 0028979345 scopus 로고
    • The influence of drought on red oak group species growth and mortality in the Missouri Ozarks
    • Jenkins, M. A. and Pallardy, S. G. 1995. The influence of drought on red oak group species growth and mortality in the Missouri Ozarks. Can. J. For. Res. 25: 1119-1127.
    • (1995) Can. J. For. Res , vol.25 , pp. 1119-1127
    • Jenkins, M.A.1    Pallardy, S.G.2
  • 63
    • 0022836692 scopus 로고
    • Soil properties of steep Appalachian old fields
    • Kalisz, P. J. 1986. Soil properties of steep Appalachian old fields. Ecology 67: 1011-1023.
    • (1986) Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 1011-1023
    • Kalisz, P.J.1
  • 64
    • 0001964023 scopus 로고
    • Present composition of some stands of the former oak-chestnut forest in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains
    • Keever, C. 1953. Present composition of some stands of the former oak-chestnut forest in the southern Blue Ridge Mountains. Ecology 34: 44-54.
    • (1953) Ecology , vol.34 , pp. 44-54
    • Keever, C.1
  • 65
    • 1842642823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Great Southeastern Smallpox Epidemic, 1696-1700: the region's first major epidemic? The transformation of the southeastern Indians: 1540-1760
    • In: Ethridge, R. and Hudson, C. (eds)
    • Kelton, P. 2002. The Great Southeastern Smallpox Epidemic, 1696-1700: the region's first major epidemic? The transformation of the southeastern Indians: 1540-1760. - In: Ethridge, R. and Hudson, C. (eds), Univ. Press of Mississippi, pp. 21-37.
    • (2002) Univ. Press of Mississippi , pp. 21-37
    • Kelton, P.1
  • 67
    • 0025525702 scopus 로고
    • Natural regeneration patterns in even-aged mixed stands in southern New England
    • Kittredge, D. B. and Ashton, P. M. S. 1990. Natural regeneration patterns in even-aged mixed stands in southern New England. North. J. Appl. For. 7: 163-168.
    • (1990) North. J. Appl. For , vol.7 , pp. 163-168
    • Kittredge, D.B.1    Ashton, P.M.S.2
  • 68
    • 65349156316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drought impact on forest growth and mortality in the southeast USA: an analysis using forest health and monitoring data
    • Klos, R. J. et al. 2009. Drought impact on forest growth and mortality in the southeast USA: an analysis using forest health and monitoring data. Ecol. Appl. 19: 699-708.
    • (2009) Ecol. Appl , vol.19 , pp. 699-708
    • Klos, R.J.1
  • 70
    • 0031408969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in mesic forest openings. I. Post-fire community dynamics
    • Kruger, E. L. and Reich, P. B. 1997. Responses of hardwood regeneration to fire in mesic forest openings. I. Post-fire community dynamics. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 1822-1831.
    • (1997) Can. J. For. Res , vol.27 , pp. 1822-1831
    • Kruger, E.L.1    Reich, P.B.2
  • 71
    • 0036151902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of understory vegetation and tree regeneration to a single prescribed fire in oak-pine forests
    • Kuddes-Fischer, L. M. and Arthur, M. A. 2002. Response of understory vegetation and tree regeneration to a single prescribed fire in oak-pine forests. Nat. Areas J. 22: 43-52.
    • (2002) Nat. Areas J , vol.22 , pp. 43-52
    • Kuddes-Fischer, L.M.1    Arthur, M.A.2
  • 72
    • 34547375256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of fire occurrence in the central Appalachian Mountains and implications for wildland fire management
    • Lafon, C. W. and Grissino-Mayer, H. D. 2007. Spatial patterns of fire occurrence in the central Appalachian Mountains and implications for wildland fire management. Phys. Geogr. 28: 1-20.
    • (2007) Phys. Geogr , vol.28 , pp. 1-20
    • Lafon, C.W.1    Grissino-Mayer, H.D.2
  • 73
    • 26644449805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contemporary fire regime of the central Appalachian Mountains and its relation to climate
    • Lafon, C. W. et al. 2005. The contemporary fire regime of the central Appalachian Mountains and its relation to climate. Phys. Geogr. 26: 126-146.
    • (2005) Phys. Geogr , vol.26 , pp. 126-146
    • Lafon, C.W.1
  • 74
    • 0032474719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking the ecology of natural oak regeneration to silviculture
    • Larson, D. R. and Johnson, P. S. 1998. Linking the ecology of natural oak regeneration to silviculture. For. Ecol. Manage. 106: 1-7.
    • (1998) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.106 , pp. 1-7
    • Larson, D.R.1    Johnson, P.S.2
  • 75
    • 0000347288 scopus 로고
    • A survey of over-populated deer ranges in the United States
    • Leopold, A. et al. 1947. A survey of over-populated deer ranges in the United States. J. Wildl. Manage. 11: 162-177.
    • (1947) J. Wildl. Manage , vol.11 , pp. 162-177
    • Leopold, A.1
  • 77
    • 0003461402 scopus 로고
    • Loftis, D. and McGee, C. E. (eds), USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report SE-84, Southeastern Research Station, Asheville, NC, USA
    • Loftis, D. and McGee, C. E. (eds), Oak regeneration: serious problems, practical recommendations. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report SE-84, Southeastern Research Station, Asheville, NC, USA 1993.
    • (1993) Oak regeneration: serious problems, practical recommendations
  • 78
    • 0021626866 scopus 로고
    • Development of the red maple understory in northeastern oak forests
    • Lorimer, C. G. 1984. Development of the red maple understory in northeastern oak forests. For. Sci. 30: 3-22.
    • (1984) For. Sci , vol.30 , pp. 3-22
    • Lorimer, C.G.1
  • 79
    • 0028179874 scopus 로고
    • Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands
    • Lorimer, C. G. et al. 1994. Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands. J. Ecol. 82: 227-237.
    • (1994) J. Ecol , vol.82 , pp. 227-237
    • Lorimer, C.G.1
  • 80
    • 0027099153 scopus 로고
    • "Heavy shadows and black night": disease and depopulation in Colonial Spanish America
    • Lovell, W. G. 1992. "Heavy shadows and black night": disease and depopulation in Colonial Spanish America. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 82: 426-443.
    • (1992) Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr , vol.82 , pp. 426-443
    • Lovell, W.G.1
  • 81
    • 0043194917 scopus 로고
    • The present composition of a former oak-chestnut forest in the Allegheny Mountains of western Pennsylvania
    • Mackey, H. E. and Sivec, H. 1973. The present composition of a former oak-chestnut forest in the Allegheny Mountains of western Pennsylvania. Ecology 54: 915-919.
    • (1973) Ecology , vol.54 , pp. 915-919
    • Mackey, H.E.1    Sivec, H.2
  • 82
    • 0030757607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four centuries of forest clearance and regeneration in the hinterland of a large city
    • Matlack, G. R. 1997. Four centuries of forest clearance and regeneration in the hinterland of a large city. J. Biogeogr. 24: 281-295.
    • (1997) J. Biogeogr , vol.24 , pp. 281-295
    • Matlack, G.R.1
  • 84
    • 0035862935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition, structure and dynamics of Dysart Woods, an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest of southeastern Ohio
    • McCarthy, B. C. et al. 2001. Composition, structure and dynamics of Dysart Woods, an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest of southeastern Ohio. For. Ecol. Manage. 140: 193-213.
    • (2001) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.140 , pp. 193-213
    • McCarthy, B.C.1
  • 85
    • 33748544302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal dynamics in canopy dominance of an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest
    • McEwan, R. W. and Muller, R. N. 2006. Spatial and temporal dynamics in canopy dominance of an old-growth mixed mesophytic forest. Can. J. For. Res. 36: 1536-1550.
    • (2006) Can. J. For. Res , vol.36 , pp. 1536-1550
    • McEwan, R.W.1    Muller, R.N.2
  • 86
    • 34848864257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal and spatial patterns in fire occurrence during the establishment of mixed-oak forests in eastern North America
    • McEwan, R. W. et al. 2007. Temporal and spatial patterns in fire occurrence during the establishment of mixed-oak forests in eastern North America. J. Veg. Sci. 18: 655-664.
    • (2007) J. Veg. Sci , vol.18 , pp. 655-664
    • McEwan, R.W.1
  • 87
    • 0028983879 scopus 로고
    • Understory response to springtime prescribed fire in two New York transition oak forests
    • McGee, G. G. et al. 1995. Understory response to springtime prescribed fire in two New York transition oak forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 76: 149-168.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.76 , pp. 149-168
    • McGee, G.G.1
  • 88
    • 0033971236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of acorn crops on annual variation in rodent and bird populations
    • McShea, W. J. 2000. The influence of acorn crops on annual variation in rodent and bird populations. Ecology 81: 228-238.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 228-238
    • McShea, W.J.1
  • 89
    • 0012686868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • McShea, W. J. and Healy, W. M. (eds), Johns Hopkins Univ. Press
    • McShea, W. J. and Healy, W. M. (eds), Oak forest ecosystems. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press 2002.
    • (2002) Oak forest ecosystems
  • 90
    • 34249036944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer
    • In: Feldhamer, G. A. (eds), Johns Hopkins Univ. Press
    • Miller, K. V. et al. 2003. White-tailed deer. - In: Feldhamer, G. A. et al (eds), Wild mammals of North America. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, pp. 906-930.
    • (2003) Wild mammals of North America , pp. 906-930
    • Miller, K.V.1
  • 91
    • 33847272414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distribution of eastern woodlands peoples at the prehistoric and historic interface
    • In: Brose, D. S. (ed.), Smithsonian Inst. Press
    • Milner, G. R. et al. 2001. The distribution of eastern woodlands peoples at the prehistoric and historic interface. - In: Brose, D. S. (ed.), Societies in eclipse: archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700. Smithsonian Inst. Press, pp. 9-18.
    • (2001) Societies in eclipse: archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, A.D. 1400-1700 , pp. 9-18
    • Milner, G.R.1
  • 92
    • 26644460632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate, lightning, and wildfire in the national forests of the southeastern United States: 1989-1998
    • Mitchener, L. J. and Parker, A. J. 2005. Climate, lightning, and wildfire in the national forests of the southeastern United States: 1989-1998. Phys. Geogr. 26: 147-162.
    • (2005) Phys. Geogr , vol.26 , pp. 147-162
    • Mitchener, L.J.1    Parker, A.J.2
  • 93
    • 41649099948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demise of fire and "mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States
    • Nowacki, G. J. and Abrams, M. D. 2008. The demise of fire and "mesophication" of forests in the eastern United States. Bioscience 58: 123-138.
    • (2008) Bioscience , vol.58 , pp. 123-138
    • Nowacki, G.J.1    Abrams, M.D.2
  • 94
    • 0037450630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stand dynamics of an Appalachian old-growth forest during a severe drought episode
    • Olano, J. M. and Palmer, M. W. 2003. Stand dynamics of an Appalachian old-growth forest during a severe drought episode. For. Ecol. Manage. 174: 139-148.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.174 , pp. 139-148
    • Olano, J.M.1    Palmer, M.W.2
  • 95
    • 0036816018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chestnut: history and ecology of a transformed species
    • Paillet, F. L. 2002. Chestnut: history and ecology of a transformed species. J. Biogeogr. 29: 1517-1530.
    • (2002) J. Biogeogr , vol.29 , pp. 1517-1530
    • Paillet, F.L.1
  • 96
    • 0024218966 scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest composition in central Missouri: 1968-1982
    • Pallardy, S. G. et al. 1988. Changes in forest composition in central Missouri: 1968-1982. Am. Midl. Nat. 120: 380-390.
    • (1988) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.120 , pp. 380-390
    • Pallardy, S.G.1
  • 97
    • 0004198495 scopus 로고
    • Res. Paper No. 45, Dept of Commerce, Washington, DC.
    • Palmer, W. C. 1965. Meteorological drought. Res. Paper No. 45, Dept of Commerce, Washington, DC.
    • (1965) Meteorological drought
    • Palmer, W.C.1
  • 98
    • 0022236513 scopus 로고
    • Tree dynamics in an old-growth, deciduous forest
    • Parker, G. R. et al. 1985. Tree dynamics in an old-growth, deciduous forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 11: 31-57.
    • (1985) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.11 , pp. 31-57
    • Parker, G.R.1
  • 99
    • 0031708430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of stress in the mortality of midwestern oaks as indicated by growth prior to death
    • Pedersen, B. 1998. The role of stress in the mortality of midwestern oaks as indicated by growth prior to death. Ecology 79: 79-93.
    • (1998) Ecology , vol.79 , pp. 79-93
    • Pedersen, B.1
  • 101
    • 79953287549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PRISM Group
    • PRISM Group. 2008. Oregon State Univ .
    • (2008) Oregon State Univ
  • 102
    • 58249093343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ground layer heterogeneity and hardwood regeneration in mixed oak forest
    • Rinkes, Z. L. and McCarthy, B. C. 2007. Ground layer heterogeneity and hardwood regeneration in mixed oak forest. Appl. Veg. Sci. 10: 279-284.
    • (2007) Appl. Veg. Sci , vol.10 , pp. 279-284
    • Rinkes, Z.L.1    McCarthy, B.C.2
  • 103
    • 0042905782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems
    • Rooney, T. P. and Waller, D. M. 2003. Direct and indirect effects of white-tailed deer in forest ecosystems. For. Ecol. Manage. 181: 165-176.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manage , vol.181 , pp. 165-176
    • Rooney, T.P.1    Waller, D.M.2
  • 105
    • 0031854916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lightning strikes and resultant fires from archival (1912-1917) and current (1960-1997) information in Pennsylvania
    • Ruffner, C. M. and Abrams, M. D. 1998. Lightning strikes and resultant fires from archival (1912-1917) and current (1960-1997) information in Pennsylvania. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125: 249-252.
    • (1998) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 249-252
    • Ruffner, C.M.1    Abrams, M.D.2
  • 106
    • 0036223976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of coastal spruce refugia during the Holocene in northern New England, USA, detected by stand-scale pollen stratigraphies
    • Schauffler, M. and Jacobson, G. L. 2002. Persistence of coastal spruce refugia during the Holocene in northern New England, USA, detected by stand-scale pollen stratigraphies. J. Ecol. 90: 235-250.
    • (2002) J. Ecol , vol.90 , pp. 235-250
    • Schauffler, M.1    Jacobson, G.L.2
  • 107
  • 108
    • 0024198044 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability of acron weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and attractiveness of weevils and infested Quercus alba acorns to Peromyscus leucopus and Blarina brevicauda
    • Semel, B. and Anderson, D. C. 1988. Vulnerability of acron weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and attractiveness of weevils and infested Quercus alba acorns to Peromyscus leucopus and Blarina brevicauda. Am. Midl. Nat. 119: 385-393.
    • (1988) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.119 , pp. 385-393
    • Semel, B.1    Anderson, D.C.2
  • 109
    • 0000765356 scopus 로고
    • Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois
    • Shotola, S. J. et al. 1992. Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat. 127: 125-138.
    • (1992) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.127 , pp. 125-138
    • Shotola, S.J.1
  • 110
    • 0034761356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 400-year history of fire and oak recruitment in an old-growth oak forest in western Maryland, U.S.A
    • Shumway, D. L. et al. 2001. A 400-year history of fire and oak recruitment in an old-growth oak forest in western Maryland, U.S.A. Can. J. For. Res. 31: 1437-1443.
    • (2001) Can. J. For. Res , vol.31 , pp. 1437-1443
    • Shumway, D.L.1
  • 111
    • 0028178562 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary history of low- and mid-elevation vegetation in the White Mountains of New Hampshire
    • Spear, R. W. et al. 1994. Late Quaternary history of low- and mid-elevation vegetation in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Ecol. Monogr. 64: 85-109.
    • (1994) Ecol. Monogr , vol.64 , pp. 85-109
    • Spear, R.W.1
  • 113
    • 33750980130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire history at the eastern Great Plains margin, Missouri River Loess Hills
    • Stambaugh, M. C. et al. 2006. Fire history at the eastern Great Plains margin, Missouri River Loess Hills. Great Plains Res. 16: 149-159.
    • (2006) Great Plains Res , vol.16 , pp. 149-159
    • Stambaugh, M.C.1
  • 114
    • 0038349705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Turkeys, acorns and oaks
    • In: McShea, W. J. and Healy, W. M. (eds), Johns Hopkins Univ. Press
    • Steffen, D. E. et al. 2002. Turkeys, acorns and oaks. - In: McShea, W. J. and Healy, W. M. (eds), Oak forest ecosystems. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, pp. 241-255.
    • (2002) Oak forest ecosystems , pp. 241-255
    • Steffen, D.E.1
  • 115
    • 0024877993 scopus 로고
    • Oak mortality in eastern Kentucky
    • Stringer, J. W. et al. 1989. Oak mortality in eastern Kentucky. South. J. Appl. For. 13: 86-91.
    • (1989) South. J. Appl. For , vol.13 , pp. 86-91
    • Stringer, J.W.1
  • 116
    • 0000598984 scopus 로고
    • White-tailed deer browsing: species preferences and implication for central Illinois forests
    • Strole, T. A. and Anderson, R. C. 1992. White-tailed deer browsing: species preferences and implication for central Illinois forests. Nat. Areas J. 12: 139-144.
    • (1992) Nat. Areas J , vol.12 , pp. 139-144
    • Strole, T.A.1    Anderson, R.C.2
  • 117
    • 0030846630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are overabundant deer herds in the eastern United States creating alternative stable states in forest plant communities
    • Stromayer, A. K. and Warren, R. J. 1997. Are overabundant deer herds in the eastern United States creating alternative stable states in forest plant communities. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 227: 234.
    • (1997) Wildl. Soc. Bull , vol.227 , pp. 234
    • Stromayer, A.K.1    Warren, R.J.2
  • 118
    • 57849153641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recruitment patterns following a severe drought: long-term compositional shifts in Patagonian forests
    • Suarez, M. L. and Kitzberger, T. 2008. Recruitment patterns following a severe drought: long-term compositional shifts in Patagonian forests. Can. J. For. Res. 38: 3002-3010.
    • (2008) Can. J. For. Res , vol.38 , pp. 3002-3010
    • Suarez, M.L.1    Kitzberger, T.2
  • 119
    • 0000020365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • History of fire in a southern Ohio second-growth forest
    • In: Pallardy, S. G. (eds), USFS North Central Forest Experiment Station, The Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO
    • Sutherland, E. K. 1997. History of fire in a southern Ohio second-growth forest. - In: Pallardy, S. G. et al (eds), 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference. USFS North Central Forest Experiment Station, The Univ. of Missouri, Columbia, MO, pp. 172-183.
    • (1997) 11th Central Hardwood Forest Conference , pp. 172-183
    • Sutherland, E.K.1
  • 120
    • 0032965113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Red maple dynamics in Appalachian hardwood stands in West Virginia
    • Tift, B. D. and Fajvan, M. A. 1999. Red maple dynamics in Appalachian hardwood stands in West Virginia. Can. J. For. Res. 29: 157-165.
    • (1999) Can. J. For. Res , vol.29 , pp. 157-165
    • Tift, B.D.1    Fajvan, M.A.2
  • 122
    • 0003834734 scopus 로고
    • The role of fire in oak regeneration
    • In: Loftis, D. and McGee, C. E. (eds), USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-84, Southeastern Research Station, Asheville, NC
    • Van Lear, D. H. and Watt, J. M. 1993. The role of fire in oak regeneration. - In: Loftis, D. and McGee, C. E. (eds), Oak regeneration: serious problems, practical recommendations. USDA Forest Service, Gen. Tech. Rep. SE-84, Southeastern Research Station, Asheville, NC, pp. 66-78.
    • (1993) Oak regeneration: serious problems, practical recommendations , pp. 66-78
    • Van Lear, D.H.1    Watt, J.M.2
  • 123
    • 0030826913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The white-tailed deer: a keystone herbivore
    • Waller, D. M. and Alverson, W. S. 1997. The white-tailed deer: a keystone herbivore. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 25: 217-226.
    • (1997) Wildl. Soc. Bull , vol.25 , pp. 217-226
    • Waller, D.M.1    Alverson, W.S.2
  • 125
    • 0344927310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical and historical determinants of the pre-and post-settlement forests of northwestern Pennsylvania
    • Whitney, G. G. and DeCant, J. P. 2003. Physical and historical determinants of the pre-and post-settlement forests of northwestern Pennsylvania. Can. J. Forest Res. 33: 1683-1697.
    • (2003) Can. J. Forest Res , vol.33 , pp. 1683-1697
    • Whitney, G.G.1    DeCant, J.P.2
  • 127
    • 0000530057 scopus 로고
    • Natural replacement of chestnut by other species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park
    • Woods, F. W. and Shanks, R. W. 1959. Natural replacement of chestnut by other species in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Ecology 40: 349-361.
    • (1959) Ecology , vol.40 , pp. 349-361
    • Woods, F.W.1    Shanks, R.W.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.