Development of mixed-oak forests in southeastern Ohio: A comparison of second-growth and old-growth forests

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 84, Issue 1-3, 1996, Pages 1-21

  Goebel, P Charles ^a   Hix, David M ^a   Jones, Joseph W ^b  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Ecological Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronosequence; Coarse woody debris; Ecological classification system; Forest succession; Stand dynamics

Indexed keywords

CARYA GLABRA; CARYA ILLINOINENSIS; FAGUS; FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA; QUERCUS; QUERCUS ALBA;

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; SECOND-GROWTH FOREST; STAND DYNAMICS; SUCCESSION;

USA, OHIO;

EID: 0030201323     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0378-1127(96)03772-3     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Abrams, M.D., 1992. Fire and the development of oak forests. Bioscience, 42: 346-353.
2. Abrams, M.D. and Downs, J.A., 1990. Successional replacement of old-growth white oak by mixed mesophytic hardwoods in southwestern Pennsylvania. Can. J. For. Res., 20: 1864-1870.
3. Abrell, D. and Jackson, M., 1977. A decade of change in an old-growth beech-maple forest in Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat., 98: 22-32.
4. Auten, J., 1941. Notes on old-growth forests in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Tech. Note 49, USDA Forest Service, Central States Forest Experiment Station, Columbus, OH, 8 pp.
5. Barnes B.V., 1989. Old-growth forests of the northern Lake States: A landscape ecosystem perspective. Nat. Areas J., 1: 45-57.
6. Beatley, J.C., 1959. The primeval forests of a periglacial area in the Allegheny Plateau. Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv., New Ser., 1: 1-182.
7. Boerner, R.E.J. and Cho, D.S., 1987. Structure and composition of Goll Woods, an old-growth forest remnant in northwestern Ohio. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 114: 173-179.
8. Boerner, R.E.J. and Kooser, J., 1991. Vegetation of Drew Woods, an old-growth remnant in western Ohio, and issues of preservation. Nat. Areas J., 11: 48-54.
9. Boetticher, A.W., 1929. A study of the type forest associations of Athens County, Ohio. M.S. Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 34 pp.
10. Bormann, F.H. and Likens, G.E., 1979. Patterns and Process in a Forested Ecosystem. Springer, New York, 253 pp.
11. Braun, E.L., 1938. Deciduous forest climaxes. Ecology, 19: 515-521.
12. Braun, E.L., 1950. Deciduous Forests of Eastern North America. Hafner, New York, 596 pp.
13. Burns, R.M. and Honkala, B.H. (Technical Coordinators), 1990. Silvics of North America, Vol. 2, Hardwoods. USDA Handbook 654, Washington, DC, 877 pp.
14. Cain, S., 1935. Studies on virgin hardwood forest: III. Warren's Woods, a beech-maple climax forest in Barrien County, Michigan. Ecology, 16: 500-513.
15. Causton, D.R., 1988. Introduction to Vegetation Analysis, Unwin Hyman, London, 342 pp.
16. Cho, D.S. and Boerner, R.E.J., 1991. Canopy disturbance patterns and regeneration of Quercus species in two old-growth forests. Vegetatio, 93: 9-18.
17. Christensen, N.L., 1989. Landscape history and ecological change. J. For. Hist., 33: 116-124.
18. Clebesch, E.C. and Busing, R.T., 1989. Secondary succession, gap dynamics, and community structure in a southern Appalachian cove forest. Ecology, 70: 728-735.
19. Cronon, W., 1983. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. Hill and Wang, New York, 241 pp.
20. Cutler, J., 1812. A Topographical Description of the State of Ohio, Indiana Territory, and Louisiana. Charles Williams Publishing, Boston, 219 pp.
21. Davis, M.B., 1993. Old-growth in the East: A Survey. Wild Earth, Richmond, VT, 150 pp.
22. Davison, S.E. and Forman, R.T., 1982. Herb and shrub dynamics in a mature oak forest: a thirty-year study. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 109: 64-73.
23. Day, G.M., 1953. The Indian as an ecological factor in the northeastern forest. Ecology, 34: 329-346.
24. Denevan, W.M., 1992. The pristine myth: The landscape of the Americas in 1492. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr., 82: 369-385.
25. Downs, J.A. and Abrams, M.D., 1991. Composition and structure of an old-growth versus a second-growth white oak forest in southwestern Pennsylvania. In: L.H. McCormick and K.W. Gottschalk (Editors), Proc. 8th Central Hardwood Forest Conf., 4-6 March, University Park, PA, pp. 207-223.
26. Ducey, L.J., 1982. Hardwood research in southern Ohio. J. For., 80: 488-489.
27. Duffy, D.C. and Meier, A.J., 1992. Do Appalachian herbaceous understories ever recover from clearcutting?. Conserv. Biol., 6: 196-201.
28. Eyre, F.H., 1980. Forest Cover Types of the United States and Canada. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC, 148 pp.
29. Fenneman, N.M., 1938. Physiography of the Eastern United States. McGraw-Hill, New York, 714 pp.
30. Fralish, J.S., 1988. Predicting potential stand composition from site characteristics in the Shawnee Hills forest of Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat., 120: 79-101.
31. Fralish, J.S., Crooks, F.B., Chambers, J.L. and Harty, F.M., 1991. Comparison of presettlement, second-growth and old-growth forest on six site types in the Illinois Shawnee Hills. Am. Midl. Nat., 125: 294-309.
32. Frelich, L.E., 1995. Old forest in the Lake States today and before European settlement. Nat. Areas J., 15: 157-167.
33. Frelich, L.E. and Lorimer, C.G., 1991. A simulation of landscape-level stand dynamics in the northern hardwood region. J. Ecol., 79: 223-233.
34. Gauch, H.G. and Whittaker, R.H., 1972. Comparison of ordination techniques. Ecology, 53: 868-875.
35. Gleason, H.A. and Cronquist, A., 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada, 2nd edn. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 910 pp.
36. Gordon, R.B., 1969. The natural vegetation of Ohio in pioneer days. Bull. Ohio Bot. Surv. New Ser., 3: 1-113.
37. Guldin, J.M., 1990. Silvicultural practices applied to old-growth stand management. In: D. Henderson and L.D. Hedrick, Proc. Restoration of Old-Growth Forests in the Interior Highlands of Arkansas and Oklahoma, 19-20 September, Morrilton, AR, pp. 171-190.
38. Hammitt, W. and Barnes, B.V., 1989. Composition and structure of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southern Michigan over 20 years. In: G. Rink and C.A. Budelsky (Editors), 7th Central Hardwood Forest Conf., 5-8 March, Carbondale, IL, pp. 247-253.
39. Hardt, R., 1994. Characterization of old-growth forests in the Southern Appalachian region of the United States and implications for their management. Diss. Abstr. Int., 55: 11-B.
40. Hill, M.O., 1979. DECORANA - A FORTRAN program for detrended correspondence analysis and reciprocal averaging. Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
41. Hill, M.O. and Gauch, H.G., Jr., 1980. Detrended correspondence analysis: an improved ordination technique. Vegetatio, 42: 47-58.
42. Hix, D.M. and Barnes, B.V., 1984. Effects of clear-cutting on the vegetation and soil of an eastern hemlock dominated ecosystem, western Upper Michigan. Can. J. For. Res., 14: 914-923.
43. Hix, D.M. and Chech, A.M., 1993. Development of an ecological classification system for the Wayne National Forest. In: A.R. Gillespie, G.R. Parker, P.E. Pope and G. Rink (Editors), 9th Central Hardwoods Forest Conf., 8-10 March, West Lafayette, IN, pp. 491-501.
44. Hix, D.M. and Pearcy, J.N., 1995. A preliminary ecological classification system for the Marietta Unit of the Wayne National Forest. Ohio J. Sci., 95: 35.
45. Hurlbert, S.H., 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr., 52: 187-211.
46. Juday, G.P., 1988. Old-growth forests and natural areas: An introduction. Nat. Areas J., 8: 3-6.
47. Kent, M. and Coker, P., 1992. Vegetation Description and Analysis: A Practical Approach. Bellhaven Press, London, 363 pp.
48. Lafferty, M.B., (Editor) 1979. Ohio's Natural Heritage. Ohio Academy of Science, Columbus, OH, 324 pp.
49. Lemmon, P., 1956. A spherical densiometer for estimating forest overstory density. For. Sci., 2: 314-320.
50. Little, E.L., Jr., 1979. Checklist of United States trees (native and naturalized). Agricultural Handbook 541, USDA Forest Service, 375 pp.
51. Lorimer, C.G., 1977. The presettlement forest and natural disturbance cycle of northeastern Maine. Ecology, 58: 139-148.
52. Lorimer, C.G., 1985. The role of fire in the perpetuation of oak forests. In: J.E. Johnson (Editor), Proc. of Challenges in Oak Management and Utilization, 28-29 March, Madison, WI, pp. 8-25.
53. Lorimer, C.G., 1989. The oak regeneration problem: New evidence on causes and possible solutions. Proc. 17th Annual Symposium of the Hardwood Research Council, 7-10 May, Merrimac, WI, pp. 23-40.
54. Lucht, T.E., Brown, D.L. and Martin, N.H., 1985. Soil Survey of Athens County. USDA and Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 192 pp.
55. MacCleery, D.W., 1994. Resiliency and recovery: A brief history of conditions and trends in US forests. For. Conserv. Hist., 38: 135-139.
56. Martin, W.H., 1992. Current and emerging biodiversity issues: A case study of old-growth eastern hardwood forests. Proc. 20th Annual Hardwood Symposium of the Hardwood Research Council, 1-3 June, Cashiers, NC, pp. 57-64.
57. McCarthy, B.C., 1995. Eastern old-growth forests. Ohio Woodl. J., 1: 8-10.
58. McCarthy, B.C., Hammer, C., Kauffman, G. and Cantino, P., 1987. Vegetation patterns and structure of an old-growth forest in southeastern Ohio. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 114: 33-45.
59. McCune, B. and Mefford, M.J., 1995. PC-ORD. Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, Version 2.0. MJM Software Design, Gleneden Beach, OR, 126 pp.
60. McNab, W.H. and Browning, S.A., 1992. Preliminary ecological classification of arborescent communities on the Wine Spring Creek Watershed, Nantahala National Forest. In: J.C. Brissette (Editor), 7th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conf., 17-19 November, Mobile, AL, pp. 213-221.
61. Minitab, 1994. Minitab Reference Manual, Release 10 for Windows. Minitab, Inc. State College, PA, 510 pp.
62. Muller, R.N. and Liu, Y., 1991. Coarse woody debris in an old-growth deciduous forest on the Cumberland Plateau, southeastern Kentucky. Can. J. For. Res., 21: 1567-1572.
63. Nowacki, G.J. and Abrams, M., 1994. Forest composition, structure, and disturbance history of the Alan Seeger Natural Area, Huntington County, Pennsylvania. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 121: 277-291.
64. Nowacki, G.J., Abrams, M.D. and Lorimer, C.G., 1990. Composition, structure, and historical development of northern red oak stands along an edaphic gradient in north-central Wisconsin. For. Sci., 36: 276-292.
65. Oliver, C.D., and B.C. Larson, 1990. Forest Stand Dynamics. McGraw-Hill, New York, 467 pp.
66. Orwig, D.A. and Abrams, M.D., 1994. Land-use history (1720-1992), composition, and dynamics of oak-pine forests within the Piedmont and Coastal Plain of northern Virginia. Can. J. For. Res., 24: 1216-1225.
67. Palik, B.J. and Pregitzer, K.S., 1992. A comparison of presettlement and present-day forests on two bigtooth aspen-dominated landscapes in northern Lower Michigan. Am. Midl. Nat., 127: 327-338.
68. Parker, G.R., 1989. Old-growth forests of the Central Hardwood Region. Nat. Areas J., 9: 5-11.
69. Parker, G.R., Leopold, D.J. and Eichenberger, J.K., 1985. Tree dynamics in an old-growth, deciduous forest. For. Ecol. Manage., 11:31-57.
70. Peet, R.K. and Loucks, O.L., 1977. A gradient analysis of southern Wisconsin forests. Ecology, 58: 485-499.
71. Richards, R.H., Shifley, S.S., Rebertus, A.J. and Chaplin, S.J., 1995. Characteristics and dynamics of an upland Missouri old-growth forest. In: K.W. Gottschalk and S.L.C. Fosbroke (Editors), Proc. of the 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, 5-8 March, Morgantown, WV, pp. 11-22.
72. Roberts, M.R. and Christensen, N.L., 1988. Vegetation variation among mesic successional forest stands in northern lower Michigan. Can. J. Bot., 66: 1080-1090.
73. Runkle, J.R., 1982. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology, 63: 1533-1546.
74. Runkle, J.R., 1991. Gap dynamics of old-growth eastern forests: Management implications. Nat. Areas J., 11: 19-25.
75. Russell, E.W.B., 1983. Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology, 64: 78-88.
76. Rypma, R.B., 1961. The structure and pattern of the primary forests of Athens and Washington Counties, Ohio. Ph.D. Dissertation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 173 pp.
77. Shifley, S.R. and Lentz, E., 1985. Quick estimation of the three-parameter Weibull to describe tree size distributions. For. Ecol. Manage., 13: 195-203.
78. Shifley, S.R. and Schelsinger, R.C., 1994. Sampling guidelines for old-growth forests in the Midwest, USA. Nat. Areas J., 14: 258-268.
79. Shifley, S.R., Roovers, L.M. and Brookshire, B.L., 1995. Structural and compositional differences between old-growth and mature second-growth forests in the Missouri Ozarks. In: K.W. Gottschalk and S.L.C. Fosbroke (Editors), Proc. of the 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conf., 5-8 March, Morgan-town, WV, pp. 23-36.
80. Shotola, S.J., Weaver, G.T., Robertson, P.A. and Ashby, W.C., 1992. Sugar maple invasion of an old-growth oak-hickory forest in southwestern Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat., 127: 125-138.
81. Smith, D.M., 1986. The Practice of Silviculture, 8th edn. John Wiley, New York, 527 pp.
82. Society of American Foresters, 1984. Scheduling the Harvest of Old-growth. Society of American Foresters, Washington, DC, 44 pp.
83. Spies, T.A. and Franklin, J.F., 1991. The structure of natural young, mature, and old-growth Douglas-fir forests in Oregon and Washington. In: L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey and M.H. Huff (Technical Coordinators), Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas-fir Forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. 285, USDA Pacific Northwest Research Station, 533 pp.
84. Spies, T.A., Franklin, J.F. and Thomas, T.B., 1988. Coarse woody debris in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington. Ecology, 69: 1689-1702.
85. Spurr, S.H. and Barnes, B.V., 1980. Forest Ecology, 3rd edn. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 687 pp.
86. Stout, W. and Lamb, G.F., 1938. Physiographic features of south-eastern Ohio. Ohio J. Sci., 38: 49-83.
87. Thoman, D.R., Bain, L.J. and Antle, C.E., 1969. Inferences on the parameters of the Weibull distribution. Technometrics, 11: 445-460.
88. Vora, R.S., 1994. Integrating old-growth forest into managed landscapes: A northern Great Lakes perspective. Nat. Areas J., 14: 113-123.
89. Watt, J.M., van Lear, D.H. and Williams, J.G., 1992. Fire in oak ecosystems. In: J.C. Brissette (Editor), Proc. 7th Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conf., 17-19 November, Mobile, AL, pp. 507-510.
90. Weaver, G. and Ashby, W., 1971. Composition and structure of an old-growth forest remnant in unglaciated southwestern Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat., 86: 46-56.
91. Whitney, C.G., 1986. Relation of Michigan's presettlement pine forest to substrate and disturbance history. Ecology, 67: 1548-1559.
92. Whitney, C.G., 1987. Some reflections on the value of old-growth forests, scientific and otherwise. Nat. Areas J., 7: 92-99.
93. Windell, K., 1991. Tree shelters for seedling protection. USDA Forest Service Technology and Development Program, 2400-Timber, Missoula, MT, 142 pp.
94. Wistendahl, W.A., 1975. Buffalo Beats, a relict prairie with a southeastern Ohio forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, 102: 178-186.
95. Wolfe, J.N., Wareham, R.T. and Schofield, H.T., 1949. Microclimates and macroclimate of Neatoma, a small valley in central Ohio. Bull. Ohio Biol. Surv., 41: 1-267.
96. Woods, K. and Cogbil, C., 1994. Upland old-growth forests of Adirondack Park, New York, USA. Nat. Areas J., 14: 241-257.