메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 29, Issue 10-11, 2002, Pages 1359-1379

Oak, chestnut and fire: Climatic and cultural controls of long-term forest dynamics in New England, USA

Author keywords

Chestnut; Climate change; Dendrochronology; Fire; Hemlock; Human disturbance; Land use; Natural disturbance; New England; Oak; Palaeoecology

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOGENIC EFFECT; CLIMATE CHANGE; FIRE HISTORY; FOREST DYNAMICS; PALEOECOLOGY; VEGETATION HISTORY;

EID: 0036816045     PISSN: 03050270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00760.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (84)

References (126)
  • 1
    • 0031410250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of land use, climate variation and N deposition on N cycling and C storage in northern hardwood forests
    • Aber, J.D. & Driscoll, C.T. (1997) Effects of land use, climate variation and N deposition on N cycling and C storage in northern hardwood forests. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 11, 639-648.
    • (1997) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.11 , pp. 639-648
    • Aber, J.D.1    Driscoll, C.T.2
  • 2
    • 0001101302 scopus 로고
    • Fire and the development of oak forests
    • Abrams, M.D. (1992) Fire and the development of oak forests. Bioscience, 42, 346-353.
    • (1992) Bioscience , vol.42 , pp. 346-353
    • Abrams, M.D.1
  • 3
    • 0030428989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, historical development and ecophysiological attributes of oak species in the eastern United States
    • Abrams, M.D. (1996) Distribution, historical development and ecophysiological attributes of oak species in the eastern United States. Annals of Forest Science, 53, 487-512.
    • (1996) Annals of Forest Science , vol.53 , pp. 487-512
    • Abrams, M.D.1
  • 4
    • 0028975538 scopus 로고
    • Physiographic analysis of witness-tree distribution (1765-1798) and present forest cover through north central Pennsylvania
    • Abrams, M.D. & Ruffner, C.M. (1995) Physiographic analysis of witness-tree distribution (1765-1798) and present forest cover through north central Pennsylvania. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 25, 659-668.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.25 , pp. 659-668
    • Abrams, M.D.1    Ruffner, C.M.2
  • 5
    • 0030822835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the absence of sediment charcoal provide substantial evidence against the fire and oak hypothesis?
    • Abrams, M.D. & Seischab, F.K. (1997) Does the absence of sediment charcoal provide substantial evidence against the fire and oak hypothesis? Journal of Ecology, 85, 373-375.
    • (1997) Journal of Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 373-375
    • Abrams, M.D.1    Seischab, F.K.2
  • 6
    • 0035111405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Holocene record of lake levels of Mansell Pond, central Maine, USA
    • Almquist, H., Dieffenbacher-Krall, A., Flanagan-Brown, R. & Sanger, D. (2001) The Holocene record of lake levels of Mansell Pond, central Maine, USA. Holocene, 11, 189-201.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 189-201
    • Almquist, H.1    Dieffenbacher-Krall, A.2    Flanagan-Brown, R.3    Sanger, D.4
  • 9
    • 0345338121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growing season parameter reconstructions for New England using killing frost records
    • Bulletin 846
    • Baron, W.R. & Smith, D.C. (1996) Growing season parameter reconstructions for New England using killing frost records, 1697-1947. Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station. Bulletin 846.
    • (1996) Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station , pp. 1697-1947
    • Baron, W.R.1    Smith, D.C.2
  • 12
    • 0029667944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the number of zones in a biostratigraphical sequence
    • Bennett, K.D. (1996) Determination of the number of zones in a biostratigraphical sequence. New Phytologist, 132, 155-170.
    • (1996) New Phytologist , vol.132 , pp. 155-170
    • Bennett, K.D.1
  • 13
    • 0036816402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The illusion of preservation: A global environmental argument for the local production of natural resources
    • Berlik, M.M., Kittredge, D.B. & Foster, D.R. (2002) The illusion of preservation: A global environmental argument for the local production of natural resources. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1557-1568.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1557-1568
    • Berlik, M.M.1    Kittredge, D.B.2    Foster, D.R.3
  • 14
    • 0011995827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excerpts from a study of the past and present ecology of the American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh) Borkh.] in a northern hardwood forest
    • Billo, T.S. (1998) Excerpts from a study of the past and present ecology of the American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh) Borkh.] in a northern hardwood forest. American Chestnut Foundation Journal, 12, 27-46.
    • (1998) American Chestnut Foundation Journal , vol.12 , pp. 27-46
    • Billo, T.S.1
  • 16
    • 0030405408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contributions of quaternary paleoecology to nature conservation
    • Birks, H.J.B. (1996) Contributions of quaternary paleoecology to nature conservation. Journal of Vegetation Science, 7, 89-98.
    • (1996) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.7 , pp. 89-98
    • Birks, H.J.B.1
  • 17
    • 0028163341 scopus 로고
    • Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes
    • Boose, E.R., Foster, D.R. & Fluet, M. (1993) Hurricane impacts to tropical and temperate forest landscapes. Ecological Monographs, 64, 369-400.
    • (1993) Ecological Monographs , vol.64 , pp. 369-400
    • Boose, E.R.1    Foster, D.R.2    Fluet, M.3
  • 18
    • 0035128502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in New England
    • Boose, E.R., Chamberlin, K.E. & Foster, D.R. (2001) Landscape and regional impacts of hurricanes in New England. Ecological Monographs, 71, 27-48.
    • (2001) Ecological Monographs , vol.71 , pp. 27-48
    • Boose, E.R.1    Chamberlin, K.E.2    Foster, D.R.3
  • 19
    • 0001408254 scopus 로고
    • Spatially-precise studies of forest dynamics
    • ed. B. Huntley and T. Webb. Kluwer, Dordrecht
    • Bradshaw, R.H.W. (1988) Spatially-precise studies of forest dynamics. Vegetation History (ed. B. Huntley and T. Webb), pp. 725-753. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 725-753
    • Bradshaw, R.H.W.1
  • 20
    • 0024221134 scopus 로고
    • Recent successional properties investigated by pollen analysis of closed-canopy forest sites
    • Bradshaw, R.H.W. & Miller, N.G. (1988) Recent successional properties investigated by pollen analysis of closed-canopy forest sites. Vegetatio, 76, 45-54.
    • (1988) Vegetatio , vol.76 , pp. 45-54
    • Bradshaw, R.H.W.1    Miller, N.G.2
  • 22
    • 0000143762 scopus 로고
    • Role of fire in altering the species composition of forests in Rhode Island
    • Brown, J.H. (1960) Role of fire in altering the species composition of forests in Rhode Island. Ecology, 41, 310-315.
    • (1960) Ecology , vol.41 , pp. 310-315
    • Brown, J.H.1
  • 23
    • 0031875014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying forest stand types using pollen from forest hollows
    • Calcote, R. (1998) Identifying forest stand types using pollen from forest hollows. Holocene, 8, 423-432.
    • (1998) Holocene , vol.8 , pp. 423-432
    • Calcote, R.1
  • 24
    • 0000874203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobile farmers of pre-contact southern New England: The archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence
    • Current northeast ethnobotany. (ed. J.P. Hart), Albany, NY
    • Chilton, E. (1999) Mobile farmers of pre-contact southern New England: The archaeological and ethnohistorical evidence. Current northeast ethnobotany (ed. J.P. Hart), pp. 157-176. New York State Museum Bulletin, no. 494, Albany, NY.
    • (1999) New York State Museum Bulletin , vol.494 , pp. 157-176
    • Chilton, E.1
  • 26
    • 0000911139 scopus 로고
    • Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments
    • Clark, R.L. (1982) Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections of sediments. Pollen et Spores, 24, 523-535.
    • (1982) Pollen et Spores , vol.24 , pp. 523-535
    • Clark, R.L.1
  • 27
    • 0024799726 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term water balances on fire regime, northwestern Minnesota
    • Clark, J.S. (1989) Effects of long-term water balances on fire regime, northwestern Minnesota. Ecology, 77, 373-392.
    • (1989) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 373-392
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 28
    • 0030747363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facing short-term extrapolation with long-term evidence: Holocene fire in the north-eastern US forests
    • Clark, J.S. (1997) Facing short-term extrapolation with long-term evidence: Holocene fire in the north-eastern US forests. Journal of Ecology, 85, 377-380.
    • (1997) Journal of Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 377-380
    • Clark, J.S.1
  • 29
    • 0030426091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of fire during climate change in an eastern deciduous forest at Devil's Bathtub, New York
    • Clark, J.S., Royall, P.D. & Chumbley, C. (1996) The role of fire during climate change in an eastern deciduous forest at Devil's Bathtub, New York. Ecology, 77, 2148-2166.
    • (1996) Ecology , vol.77 , pp. 2148-2166
    • Clark, J.S.1    Royall, P.D.2    Chumbley, C.3
  • 30
    • 0029663388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stomate and pollen content of lake surface sediments from across the tree line on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia
    • Clayden, S.L., Cywnar, L.C. & MacDonald, G.M. (1996) Stomate and pollen content of lake surface sediments from across the tree line on the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia. Canadian Journal of Botany, 74, 1009-1015.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.74 , pp. 1009-1015
    • Clayden, S.L.1    Cywnar, L.C.2    MacDonald, G.M.3
  • 31
    • 0011997848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation of the presettlement forests of northern New England and New York
    • Cogbill, C. (2000) Vegetation of the presettlement forests of northern New England and New York. Rhodora, 125, 234-243.
    • (2000) Rhodora , vol.125 , pp. 234-243
    • Cogbill, C.1
  • 32
    • 0036816476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forests of presettlement New England, USA: Spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys
    • Cogbill, C., Burk, J. & Motzkin, G. (2002) The forests of presettlement New England, USA: Spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1279-1304.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1279-1304
    • Cogbill, C.1    Burk, J.2    Motzkin, G.3
  • 33
    • 0011941148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on soil nitrogen cycling in an oak-pine sand plain in central Massachusetts: Interaction of vegetation and agricultural abandonment
    • Compton, J.E., Boone, R.D., Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. (1999) Controls on soil nitrogen cycling in an oak-pine sand plain in central Massachusetts: Interaction of vegetation and agricultural abandonment. Oecologia, 116, 536-342.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.116 , pp. 536-342
    • Compton, J.E.1    Boone, R.D.2    Motzkin, G.3    Foster, D.R.4
  • 36
    • 0001390012 scopus 로고
    • Climate changes in Southeastern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition of Roger's Lake
    • Davis, M.B. (1969) Climate changes in Southeastern Connecticut recorded by pollen deposition of Roger's Lake. Ecology, 50, 409-422.
    • (1969) Ecology , vol.50 , pp. 409-422
    • Davis, M.B.1
  • 37
    • 0022225505 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of cool-temperate forests and their fossil pollen record to rapid temperature change
    • Davis, M.B. & Botkin, D.B. (1985) Sensitivity of cool-temperate forests and their fossil pollen record to rapid temperature change. Quaternary Research, 23, 327-340.
    • (1985) Quaternary Research , vol.23 , pp. 327-340
    • Davis, M.B.1    Botkin, D.B.2
  • 39
    • 0001468253 scopus 로고
    • The Indian as an ecological factor in the northeastern forest
    • Day, G.M. (1953) The Indian as an ecological factor in the northeastern forest. Ecology, 34, 329-343.
    • (1953) Ecology , vol.34 , pp. 329-343
    • Day, G.M.1
  • 40
    • 0034862798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sprouting in temperate trees: A morphological and ecological review
    • Del Tredici, P. (2001) Sprouting in temperate trees: A morphological and ecological review. Botanical Review, 67, 121-140.
    • (2001) Botanical Review , vol.67 , pp. 121-140
    • Del Tredici, P.1
  • 41
    • 0000411855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prehistoric human use of fire, the eastern agricultural complex, and Appalachian oak-chestnut forests: Paleoecology of Cliff Palace Pond Kentucky
    • Delcourt, P.A., Delcourt, H.R., Ison, C.R., Sharp, W.E. & Gremillion, K.J. (1998) Prehistoric human use of fire, the eastern agricultural complex, and Appalachian oak-chestnut forests: Paleoecology of Cliff Palace Pond Kentucky. American Antiquity, 63, 263-278.
    • (1998) American Antiquity , vol.63 , pp. 263-278
    • Delcourt, P.A.1    Delcourt, H.R.2    Ison, C.R.3    Sharp, W.E.4    Gremillion, K.J.5
  • 42
    • 79954172456 scopus 로고
    • Research Report Number 19, Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
    • Dincauze, D.F. (1980) Research Priorities in Northeastern Archaeology. Research Report Number 19, Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, pp. 29-41.
    • (1980) Research Priorities in Northeastern Archaeology , pp. 29-41
    • Dincauze, D.F.1
  • 43
    • 0034016165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the past and the present on species distributions: The influence of land-use history on the demography of Gaultheria procumbens
    • Donohue, K., Foster, D.R. & Motzkin, G. (2000) Effects of the past and the present on species distributions: The influence of land-use history on the demography of Gaultheria procumbens. Journal of Ecology, 88, 303-316.
    • (2000) Journal of Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 303-316
    • Donohue, K.1    Foster, D.R.2    Motzkin, G.3
  • 44
    • 0012487508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of changing landscapes: Vegetation and land-use history of Cape Cod National Seashore
    • in press
    • Eberhardt, R., Foster, D.R., Motzkin, G. & Hall, B. (2003) Conservation of changing landscapes: Vegetation and land-use history of Cape Cod National Seashore. Ecological Applications (in press).
    • (2003) Ecological Applications
    • Eberhardt, R.1    Foster, D.R.2    Motzkin, G.3    Hall, B.4
  • 47
    • 0002463910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation lessons and challenges from ecological history
    • Foster, D.R. (2000) Conservation lessons and challenges from ecological history. Forest History Today. Fall, 2000, 2-12.
    • (2000) Forest History Today. Fall , vol.2000 , pp. 2-12
    • Foster, D.R.1
  • 48
    • 0036816051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoreau's country and a historical-ecological approach to conservation of the New England landscape
    • Foster, D.R. (2002) Thoreau's country and a historical-ecological approach to conservation of the New England landscape. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1537-1555.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1537-1555
    • Foster, D.R.1
  • 49
    • 0001574615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology and conservation in the cultural landscape of New England: Lessons from nature's history
    • Foster, D.R. & Motzkin, G. (1998) Ecology and conservation in the cultural landscape of New England: Lessons from nature's history. Northeastern Naturalist, 5, 111-126.
    • (1998) Northeastern Naturalist , vol.5 , pp. 111-126
    • Foster, D.R.1    Motzkin, G.2
  • 51
    • 0027423875 scopus 로고
    • Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England
    • Foster, D.R. & Zebryk, T.M. (1993) Long-term vegetation dynamics and disturbance history of a Tsuga-dominated forest in New England. Ecology, 74, 982-998.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 982-998
    • Foster, D.R.1    Zebryk, T.M.2
  • 52
    • 0027085299 scopus 로고
    • Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) woodlot in central New England
    • Foster, D.R., Zebryk, T., Schoonmaker, P.K. & Lezberg, A. (1992) Post-settlement history of human land-use and vegetation dynamics of a Tsuga canadensis (hemlock) woodlot in central New England. Journal of Ecology, 80, 773-786.
    • (1992) Journal of Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 773-786
    • Foster, D.R.1    Zebryk, T.2    Schoonmaker, P.K.3    Lezberg, A.4
  • 53
    • 0030451431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and conservation insights from retrospective studies of old-growth forests
    • Foster, D.R., Orwig, D.A. & McLachlan, J. (1996) Ecological and conservation insights from retrospective studies of old-growth forests. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 419-424.
    • (1996) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.11 , pp. 419-424
    • Foster, D.R.1    Orwig, D.A.2    McLachlan, J.3
  • 54
    • 0000887642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns and legacies resulting from large infrequent forest disturbance
    • Foster, D.R., Knight, D. & Franklin, J. (1998a) Landscape patterns and legacies resulting from large infrequent forest disturbance. Ecosystems, 1, 497-510.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 497-510
    • Foster, D.R.1    Knight, D.2    Franklin, J.3
  • 55
    • 0003032714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: Regional forest dynamics in central New England
    • Foster, D.R., Motzkin, G. & Slater, B. (1998b) Land-use history as long-term broad-scale disturbance: Regional forest dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems, 1, 96-119.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 96-119
    • Foster, D.R.1    Motzkin, G.2    Slater, B.3
  • 56
    • 0036816852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cultural, environmental and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA
    • Foster, D.R., Hall, B., Barry, S., Clayden, S. & Parshall, T. (2002a) Cultural, environmental and historical controls of vegetation patterns and the modern conservation setting on the island of Martha's Vineyard, USA. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1381-1400.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1381-1400
    • Foster, D.R.1    Hall, B.2    Barry, S.3    Clayden, S.4    Parshall, T.5
  • 58
    • 0035044051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of small New England ponds to historic land use
    • Francis, D.R. & Foster, D.R. (2001) Response of small New England ponds to historic land use. Holocene, 11, 301-312.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 301-312
    • Francis, D.R.1    Foster, D.R.2
  • 60
    • 0011940977 scopus 로고
    • Second-growth hardwoods in Connecticut
    • US Government Printing Office, Washington
    • Frothingham, E.H. (1912) Second-growth hardwoods in Connecticut. USDA Forest Service Bulletin 96. US Government Printing Office, Washington.
    • (1912) USDA Forest Service Bulletin , vol.96
    • Frothingham, E.H.1
  • 61
    • 0002591725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England
    • Fuller, J.L., Foster, D.R., McLachlan, J.S. & Drake, N. (1998) Impact of human activity on regional forest composition and dynamics in central New England. Ecosystems, 1, 76-95.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.1 , pp. 76-95
    • Fuller, J.L.1    Foster, D.R.2    McLachlan, J.S.3    Drake, N.4
  • 62
    • 0023499066 scopus 로고
    • Climate impacts on the vegetation of eastern North America during the past 2000 years
    • Gajewski, K. (1987) Climate impacts on the vegetation of eastern North America during the past 2000 years. Vegetatio, 68, 179-190.
    • (1987) Vegetatio , vol.68 , pp. 179-190
    • Gajewski, K.1
  • 63
    • 0023763176 scopus 로고
    • Late Holocene climate changes in eastern North America estimated from pollen data
    • Gajewski, K. (1988) Late Holocene climate changes in eastern North America estimated from pollen data. Quaternary Research, 29, 255-262.
    • (1988) Quaternary Research , vol.29 , pp. 255-262
    • Gajewski, K.1
  • 66
    • 0030850808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land protection in central New England: Historical development and ecological consequences
    • Golodetz, A. & Foster, D. (1996) Land protection in central New England: Historical development and ecological consequences. Conservation Biology, 11, 227-235.
    • (1996) Conservation Biology , vol.11 , pp. 227-235
    • Golodetz, A.1    Foster, D.2
  • 67
    • 0036816019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three hundred years of forest and land-use change in Massachusetts, USA
    • Hall, B., Motzkin, G., Foster, D., Syfert, M. & Burk, J. (2002) Three hundred years of forest and land-use change in Massachusetts, USA. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1319-1335.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1319-1335
    • Hall, B.1    Motzkin, G.2    Foster, D.3    Syfert, M.4    Burk, J.5
  • 68
    • 0028975537 scopus 로고
    • Conifer stomate analysis as a paleoecological tool: An example from the Hudson Bay Lowlands
    • Hansen, B.C.S. (1995) Conifer stomate analysis as a paleoecological tool: An example from the Hudson Bay Lowlands. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73, 244-232.
    • (1995) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.73 , pp. 244-232
    • Hansen, B.C.S.1
  • 70
    • 0024484163 scopus 로고
    • Migration: Species response to climatic variations caused by changes in the earth's orbit
    • Huntley, B. & Webb, T. (1989) Migration: Species response to climatic variations caused by changes in the earth's orbit. Journal of Biogeography, 16, 5-19.
    • (1989) Journal of Biogeography , vol.16 , pp. 5-19
    • Huntley, B.1    Webb, T.2
  • 71
    • 84989202429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire on the edge: Prehistoric fire along the escarpment zone of the Cumberland Plateau
    • USDA Forest Service General Technical Report
    • Ison, C.R. (2000) Fire on the edge: Prehistoric fire along the escarpment zone of the Cumberland Plateau. Proceedings: Workshop on Fire, People, and the Central Hardwood Landscape. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report, pp. 36-45.
    • (2000) Proceedings: Workshop on Fire, People, and the Central Hardwood Landscape , pp. 36-45
    • Ison, C.R.1
  • 72
    • 38249018043 scopus 로고
    • Pollen source area and representation in small lakes of the northeastern United States
    • Jackson, S.T. (1990) Pollen source area and representation in small lakes of the northeastern United States. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 63, 53-76.
    • (1990) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.63 , pp. 53-76
    • Jackson, S.T.1
  • 73
    • 0002548180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pollen dispersal models in Quaternary plant ecology: Assumptions, parameters, and prescriptions
    • Jackson, S.T. & Lyford, M.E. (1999) Pollen dispersal models in Quaternary plant ecology: Assumptions, parameters, and prescriptions. Botanical Review, 65, 39-75.
    • (1999) Botanical Review , vol.65 , pp. 39-75
    • Jackson, S.T.1    Lyford, M.E.2
  • 74
    • 0028175384 scopus 로고
    • Using forest patchiness to determine pollen source areas of closed-canopy pollen assemblages
    • Jackson, S.T. & Wong, A. (1994) Using forest patchiness to determine pollen source areas of closed-canopy pollen assemblages. Journal of Ecology, 82, 89-100.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 89-100
    • Jackson, S.T.1    Wong, A.2
  • 75
    • 0000807743 scopus 로고
    • The paleoecology of white pine (Pinus strobus) in Minnesota
    • Jacobson, G.L. Jr (1979) The paleoecology of white pine (Pinus strobus) in Minnesota. Journal of Ecology, 67, 697-726.
    • (1979) Journal of Ecology , vol.67 , pp. 697-726
    • Jacobson G.L., Jr.1
  • 76
    • 49049146660 scopus 로고
    • The selection of sites for paleovegetational studies
    • Jacobson, G.L. & Bradshaw, R.H.W. (1981) The selection of sites for paleovegetational studies. Quaternary Research, 16, 80-96.
    • (1981) Quaternary Research , vol.16 , pp. 80-96
    • Jacobson, G.L.1    Bradshaw, R.H.W.2
  • 77
    • 84909355407 scopus 로고
    • Climatic variations over the last 500 years
    • ed. R.S. Bradley and P.D. Jones. Routledge, London
    • Jones, P.D. & Bradley, R.S. (1992) Climatic variations over the last 500 years. Climate Since A.D. 1500 (ed. R.S. Bradley and P.D. Jones), pp. 649-665. Routledge, London.
    • (1992) Climate Since A.D. 1500 , pp. 649-665
    • Jones, P.D.1    Bradley, R.S.2
  • 78
    • 0011941064 scopus 로고
    • Notes on the chestnut bark disease (Diaporthe parasitica, Murrill) in Petersham, Massachusetts
    • Kittredge, J. (1913) Notes on the chestnut bark disease (Diaporthe parasitica, Murrill) in Petersham, Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Harvard Forestry Club, 2, 13-22.
    • (1913) Bulletin of the Harvard Forestry Club , vol.2 , pp. 13-22
    • Kittredge, J.1
  • 79
    • 0033951818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of soil nitrogen and carbon for 61 years after agricultural abandonment
    • Knops, J.M.H. & Tilman, D. (2000) Dynamics of soil nitrogen and carbon for 61 years after agricultural abandonment. Ecology, 81, 88-98.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 88-98
    • Knops, J.M.H.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 81
    • 0000058720 scopus 로고
    • A lightweight piston sampler for lake deposits
    • Livingstone, D.A. (1955) A lightweight piston sampler for lake deposits. Ecology, 36, 137-139.
    • (1955) Ecology , vol.36 , pp. 137-139
    • Livingstone, D.A.1
  • 83
    • 0033919027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropogenic origins of late-successional structure and composition in four New England hemlock stands
    • McLachlan, J., Foster, D.R. & Menalled, F. (2000) Anthropogenic origins of late-successional structure and composition in four New England hemlock stands. Ecology, 81, 717-733.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 717-733
    • McLachlan, J.1    Foster, D.R.2    Menalled, F.3
  • 84
    • 0012000743 scopus 로고
    • Hemlock: Its place in the silviculture of the southern New England forest
    • New Haven
    • Merrill, P.H. & Hawley, R.C. (1924) Hemlock: Its place in the silviculture of the southern New England forest. Yale University School of Forestry Bulletin no. 12, New Haven.
    • (1924) Yale University School of Forestry Bulletin , vol.12
    • Merrill, P.H.1    Hawley, R.C.2
  • 85
    • 0012005894 scopus 로고
    • New English Canaan, or New Canaan: Containing an abstract of New England
    • ed. C.F. Adams, Jr. Prince Society Publications. 14. Burt Franklin Reprints, New York
    • Morton, T. [1632] (1967) New English Canaan, or New Canaan: Containing an abstract of New England. Reprinted in (ed. C.F. Adams, Jr), New English Canaan of Thomas Morton. Prince Society Publications. 14. Burt Franklin Reprints, New York.
    • (1632) New English Canaan of Thomas Morton
    • Morton, T.1
  • 87
    • 0036816041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grasslands, heathlands, shrublands in coastal New England: Historical interpretation and approaches to conservation
    • Motzkin, G. & Foster, D.R. (2002) Grasslands, heathlands, shrublands in coastal New England: Historical interpretation and approaches to conservation. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1569-1590.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1569-1590
    • Motzkin, G.1    Foster, D.R.2
  • 88
    • 0030390674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controlling site to evaluate history: Vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain
    • Motzkin, G., Foster, D., Allen, A., Harrod, J. & Boone, R. (1996) Controlling site to evaluate history: Vegetation patterns of a New England sand plain. Ecological Monographs, 66, 345-365.
    • (1996) Ecological Monographs , vol.66 , pp. 345-365
    • Motzkin, G.1    Foster, D.2    Allen, A.3    Harrod, J.4    Boone, R.5
  • 89
    • 0011972096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A regional-historical perspective on uncommon plant communities: Pitch pine-scrub oak in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts
    • Motzkin, G., Patterson, W.A. & Foster, D.R. (1998) A regional-historical perspective on uncommon plant communities: Pitch pine-scrub oak in the Connecticut Valley of Massachusetts. Ecosystems, 3, 255-273.
    • (1998) Ecosystems , vol.3 , pp. 255-273
    • Motzkin, G.1    Patterson, W.A.2    Foster, D.R.3
  • 90
    • 0033392617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes: The importance of history and environment
    • Motzkin, G.M., Wilson, P., Foster, D.R. & Allen, A. (1999) Vegetation patterns in heterogeneous landscapes: The importance of history and environment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 10, 903-920.
    • (1999) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.10 , pp. 903-920
    • Motzkin, G.M.1    Wilson, P.2    Foster, D.R.3    Allen, A.4
  • 91
    • 0011942545 scopus 로고
    • Report for the Massachusetts State Forester. Wright and Potter Printers, Boston
    • Murdock, J. (1912) Chestnut. Its Market in Massachusetts. Report for the Massachusetts State Forester. Wright and Potter Printers, Boston.
    • (1912) Chestnut. Its Market in Massachusetts
    • Murdock, J.1
  • 92
    • 0000830393 scopus 로고
    • The vegetation of Connecticut. II. Virgin forests
    • Nichols, G.E. (1913) The vegetation of Connecticut. II. Virgin forests. Torreya, 13, 199-215.
    • (1913) Torreya , vol.13 , pp. 199-215
    • Nichols, G.E.1
  • 95
    • 0035065727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in old-growth structure and definitions: Forest dynamics on Wachusett Mountain, Massachusetts
    • Orwig, D.A., Cogbill, C.V., Foster, D.R. & O'Keefe, J.F. (2001) Variations in old-growth structure and definitions: Forest dynamics on Wachusett Mountain, Massachusetts. Ecological Applications, 11, 437-452.
    • (2001) Ecological Applications , vol.11 , pp. 437-452
    • Orwig, D.A.1    Cogbill, C.V.2    Foster, D.R.3    O'Keefe, J.F.4
  • 96
    • 0020387377 scopus 로고
    • The ecological significance of American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) in the Holocene forests of Connecticut
    • Paillet, F.L. (1982) The ecological significance of American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) in the Holocene forests of Connecticut. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 109, 457-473.
    • (1982) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.109 , pp. 457-473
    • Paillet, F.L.1
  • 97
    • 0000988282 scopus 로고
    • Growth-form and ecology of American chestnut sprout clones in northeastern Massachusetts
    • Paillet, F.L. (1984) Growth-form and ecology of American chestnut sprout clones in northeastern Massachusetts. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 111, 316-326.
    • (1984) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.111 , pp. 316-326
    • Paillet, F.L.1
  • 98
    • 0036816018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chestnut: The history and ecology of a transformed species
    • Paillet, F. (2002) Chestnut: The history and ecology of a transformed species. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1517-1530.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1517-1530
    • Paillet, F.1
  • 99
    • 0024927117 scopus 로고
    • Replacement of native oak and hickory tree species by the introduced American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in southwestern Wisconsin
    • Paillet, F.L. & Rutter, P.A. (1989) Replacement of native oak and hickory tree species by the introduced American chestnut (Castanea dentata) in southwestern Wisconsin. Canadian Journal of Botany, 67, 3457-3469.
    • (1989) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.67 , pp. 3457-3469
    • Paillet, F.L.1    Rutter, P.A.2
  • 101
    • 0001675980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-Holocene stand-scale invasion by hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) at its western range limit
    • Parshall, T. (2002) Late-Holocene stand-scale invasion by hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) at its western range limit. Ecology, 83, 1386-1398.
    • (2002) Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 1386-1398
    • Parshall, T.1
  • 102
    • 0036816481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire on the New England landscape: Regional and temporal variation, cultural and environmental controls
    • Parshall, T. & Foster, D.R. (2002) Fire on the New England landscape: Regional and temporal variation, cultural and environmental controls. Journal of Biogeography, 29, 1305-1317.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1305-1317
    • Parshall, T.1    Foster, D.R.2
  • 103
    • 0042313983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term vegetation and fire dynamics of pitch pine-oak forests on Cape Cod, Massachusetts
    • in press
    • Parshall, T., Foster, D.R., Faison, E., MacDonald, D. & Hansen, B.C.S. (2003) Long-term vegetation and fire dynamics of pitch pine-oak forests on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Ecology (in press).
    • (2003) Ecology
    • Parshall, T.1    Foster, D.R.2    Faison, E.3    MacDonald, D.4    Hansen, B.C.S.5
  • 104
    • 0000760059 scopus 로고
    • Fire and disease history of forests
    • ed. B. Huntley and T. Webb III. Kluwer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
    • Patterson, W.A. & Backman, A. (1988) Fire and disease history of forests. Vegetation History (ed. B. Huntley and T. Webb III), pp. 603-632. Kluwer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
    • (1988) Vegetation History , pp. 603-632
    • Patterson, W.A.1    Backman, A.2
  • 106
    • 0021056826 scopus 로고
    • Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States
    • Russell, E.W.B. (1983) Indian-set fires in the forests of the northeastern United States. Ecology, 64, 78-88.
    • (1983) Ecology , vol.64 , pp. 78-88
    • Russell, E.W.B.1
  • 107
    • 0023557467 scopus 로고
    • Pre-blight distribution of Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh
    • Russell, E.W.B. (1987) Pre-blight distribution of Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, 114, 183-190.
    • (1987) Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club , vol.114 , pp. 183-190
    • Russell, E.W.B.1
  • 109
    • 0036223976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistence of coastal spruce refugia during the Holocene in northern New England, USA, detected by stand-scale pollen stratigraphies
    • Schauffler, M. & Jacobson, G. (2002) Persistence of coastal spruce refugia during the Holocene in northern New England, USA, detected by stand-scale pollen stratigraphies. Journal of Ecology, 90, 235-250.
    • (2002) Journal of Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 235-250
    • Schauffler, M.1    Jacobson, G.2
  • 110
    • 0000213202 scopus 로고
    • A radiocarbon dated pollen diagram from the Allegheny Plateau of New York State
    • Spear, R.W. & Miller, N.G. (1976) A radiocarbon dated pollen diagram from the Allegheny Plateau of New York State. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum, 57, 369-403.
    • (1976) Journal of the Arnold Arboretum , vol.57 , pp. 369-403
    • Spear, R.W.1    Miller, N.G.2
  • 111
    • 0026307762 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance, equilibrium, and environmental variability: What is 'natural' vegetation in a changing environment?
    • Sprugel, D.G. (1991) Disturbance, equilibrium, and environmental variability: What is 'natural' vegetation in a changing environment? Biology Conservation, 58, 1-18.
    • (1991) Biology Conservation , vol.58 , pp. 1-18
    • Sprugel, D.G.1
  • 115
    • 0027385851 scopus 로고
    • A model of pollen source area for an entire lake surface
    • Sugita, S. (1993) A model of pollen source area for an entire lake surface. Quaternary Research, 39, 239-244.
    • (1993) Quaternary Research , vol.39 , pp. 239-244
    • Sugita, S.1
  • 116
    • 0028164790 scopus 로고
    • Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments: Theory and method in patchy vegetation
    • Sugita, S. (1994) Pollen representation of vegetation in Quaternary sediments: Theory and method in patchy vegetation. Journal of Ecology, 82, 881-897.
    • (1994) Journal of Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 881-897
    • Sugita, S.1
  • 117
    • 0032700230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future
    • Swetnam, T.W., Allen, C.D. & Betancourt, J.L. (1999) Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future. Ecological Applications, 9, 1189-1206.
    • (1999) Ecological Applications , vol.9 , pp. 1189-1206
    • Swetnam, T.W.1    Allen, C.D.2    Betancourt, J.L.3
  • 119
    • 0000686451 scopus 로고
    • Natural forest vegetation zones of New England
    • Westveld, M.V. & Committee on Silviculture, New England Section, Society of American Foresters (1956) Natural forest vegetation zones of New England. Journal of Forestry, 54, 332-338.
    • (1956) Journal of Forestry , vol.54 , pp. 332-338
    • Westveld, M.V.1
  • 120
    • 0018674855 scopus 로고
    • Late-glacial and postglacial vegetational history of the Berkshires, western Massachusetts
    • Whitehead, D.R. (1979) Late-glacial and postglacial vegetational history of the Berkshires, western Massachusetts. Quaternary Research, 12, 333-357.
    • (1979) Quaternary Research , vol.12 , pp. 333-357
    • Whitehead, D.R.1
  • 122
    • 0019899214 scopus 로고
    • Clearing the United States forests: The pivotal years 1818-1860
    • Williams, M. (1982) Clearing the United States forests: The pivotal years 1818-1860. Journal of Historical Geography, 89, 12-28.
    • (1982) Journal of Historical Geography , vol.89 , pp. 12-28
    • Williams, M.1
  • 125
    • 0004029134 scopus 로고
    • ed. A.T. Vaughan. University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst
    • Wood, W. [1634] (1977) New England's prospect (ed. A.T. Vaughan). University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst.
    • (1634) New England's Prospect
    • Wood, W.1
  • 126
    • 85180013058 scopus 로고
    • A square-rod piston sampler for lake sediments
    • Wright, H.E. (1967) A square-rod piston sampler for lake sediments. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 37, 975-976.
    • (1967) Journal of Sedimentary Petrology , vol.37 , pp. 975-976
    • Wright, H.E.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.