메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 134, Issue 2, 2007, Pages 223-237

Long-term changes in an oak forest's woody understory and herb layer with repeated burning

Author keywords

Alien plants; Alliaria petiolata; Canopy openness; Cover; Fire effects; Ground layer; Guild structure; Rhamnus cathartica; Shrub layer; Species richness; Spring herbs; Summer herbs

Indexed keywords

ABUNDANCE; BURNING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; DICOTYLEDON; GROUND COVER; GUILD; INTRODUCED SPECIES; LONG-TERM CHANGE; RECOLONIZATION; SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT; SPECIES DIVERSITY; SPECIES RICHNESS; UNDERSTORY; VEGETATION STRUCTURE;

EID: 34547785066     PISSN: 10955674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3159/1095-5674(2007)134[223:LCIAOF]2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (31)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0001101302 scopus 로고
    • Fire and the development of oak forests
    • ABRAMS, M. D. 1992. Fire and the development of oak forests. BioScience 42: 346-353.
    • (1992) BioScience , vol.42 , pp. 346-353
    • ABRAMS, M.D.1
  • 2
    • 26244436032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribing fire in eastern oak forests: Is time running out?
    • ABRAMS, M. D. 2005. Prescribing fire in eastern oak forests: Is time running out? North. J. Appl. For. 22: 1-7.
    • (2005) North. J. Appl. For , vol.22 , pp. 1-7
    • ABRAMS, M.D.1
  • 3
    • 33645882209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prescribed fire and thinning on tree recruitment patterns in central hardwood forests
    • ALBRECHT, M. A. AND B. C. MCCARTHY. 2006. Effects of prescribed fire and thinning on tree recruitment patterns in central hardwood forests. Forest Ecol. Manag. 226: 88-103.
    • (2006) Forest Ecol. Manag , vol.226 , pp. 88-103
    • ALBRECHT, M.A.1    MCCARTHY, B.C.2
  • 4
    • 0003138456 scopus 로고
    • The eastern prairie-forest transition - an overview
    • R. Brewer [ed, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
    • ANDERSON, R. C. 1983. The eastern prairie-forest transition - an overview, p. 86-92. In R. Brewer [ed.], Proceedings of the Eighth North American Prairie Conference. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.
    • (1983) Proceedings of the Eighth North American Prairie Conference , pp. 86-92
    • ANDERSON, R.C.1
  • 5
    • 0003186579 scopus 로고
    • Presettlement forests of Illinois
    • G. V. Burger, J. E. Ebinger, and G. S. Wilhelm [eds, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
    • ANDERSON, R. C. 1991. Presettlement forests of Illinois, p. 9-19. In G. V. Burger, J. E. Ebinger, and G. S. Wilhelm [eds.], Proceedings of the oak woods management workshop. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the oak woods management workshop , pp. 9-19
    • ANDERSON, R.C.1
  • 6
    • 0030430182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspects of the ecology of an invasive plant, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), in central Illinois
    • ANDERSON, R. C., S. S. DHILLON, AND T. M. KELLEY. 1996. Aspects of the ecology of an invasive plant, garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata), in central Illinois. Rest. Ecol. 4: 181-191.
    • (1996) Rest. Ecol , vol.4 , pp. 181-191
    • ANDERSON, R.C.1    DHILLON, S.S.2    KELLEY, T.M.3
  • 7
    • 0041744760 scopus 로고
    • Management of degraded oak savanna remnants in the upper Midwest: Preliminary results from three years of study
    • G. V. Burger, J. E. Ebinger, and G. S. Wilhelm [eds, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
    • APFELBAUM, S. I. AND A. W. HANEY. 1991. Management of degraded oak savanna remnants in the upper Midwest: preliminary results from three years of study, p. 81-90. In G. V. Burger, J. E. Ebinger, and G. S. Wilhelm [eds.], Proceedings of the oak woods management workshop. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the oak woods management workshop , pp. 81-90
    • APFELBAUM, S.I.1    HANEY, A.W.2
  • 8
    • 0031857745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in a oak-pine forest
    • ARTHUR, M. A., R. D. PARATLEY, AND B. A. BLANKENSHIP. 1998. Single and repeated fires affect survival and regeneration of woody and herbaceous species in a oak-pine forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125: 225-236.
    • (1998) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.125 , pp. 225-236
    • ARTHUR, M.A.1    PARATLEY, R.D.2    BLANKENSHIP, B.A.3
  • 9
    • 0034798709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed burning to restore mixed-oak communities in southern Ohio: Effects on breeding bird populations
    • ARTMAN, B. L., E. K. SUTHERLAND, AND J. F. DOWNHOWER. 2001. Prescribed burning to restore mixed-oak communities in southern Ohio: effects on breeding bird populations. Conserv. Biol. 15: 1423-1434.
    • (2001) Conserv. Biol , vol.15 , pp. 1423-1434
    • ARTMAN, B.L.1    SUTHERLAND, E.K.2    DOWNHOWER, J.F.3
  • 10
    • 0002043983 scopus 로고
    • Net primary production of herbs in a central Illinois deciduous forest
    • BAZZAZ, F. A. AND L. C. BLISS. 1971. Net primary production of herbs in a central Illinois deciduous forest. B. Torrey Bot. Club 98: 90-94.
    • (1971) B. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.98 , pp. 90-94
    • BAZZAZ, F.A.1    BLISS, L.C.2
  • 11
    • 4444308938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of prescribed burning on distribution and abundance of birds in a closed-canopy oak-dominated forest, Missouri, USA
    • BLAKE, J. G. 2005. Effects of prescribed burning on distribution and abundance of birds in a closed-canopy oak-dominated forest, Missouri, USA. Biol. Cons. 121: 519-531.
    • (2005) Biol. Cons , vol.121 , pp. 519-531
    • BLAKE, J.G.1
  • 12
    • 0002431567 scopus 로고
    • Landscape pattern and structure of oak savanna, woodland, and barrens in northeastern Illinois at the time of European settlement
    • J. S. Fralish, R. C. Anderson, J. E. Ebinger, and R. Szafoni [eds, Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, USA
    • BOWLES, M. L., M. D. HUTCHISON, AND J. L. MCBRIDE. 1994. Landscape pattern and structure of oak savanna, woodland, and barrens in northeastern Illinois at the time of European settlement, p. 65-73. In J. S. Fralish, R. C. Anderson, J. E. Ebinger, and R. Szafoni [eds.], Proceedings of the North American conference on savannas and barrens. Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, USA.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the North American conference on savannas and barrens , pp. 65-73
    • BOWLES, M.L.1    HUTCHISON, M.D.2    MCBRIDE, J.L.3
  • 13
    • 34547822793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-year woody vegetation changes in northern flatwoods and mesic forest at Ryerson Conservation Area, Lake County, Illinois
    • BOWLES, M., M. JONES, C. DUNN, J. MCBRIDE, C. BUSHEY, AND R. MORAN. 2003. Twenty-year woody vegetation changes in northern flatwoods and mesic forest at Ryerson Conservation Area, Lake County, Illinois. Erigenia 19: 31-51.
    • (2003) Erigenia , vol.19 , pp. 31-51
    • BOWLES, M.1    JONES, M.2    DUNN, C.3    MCBRIDE, J.4    BUSHEY, C.5    MORAN, R.6
  • 14
    • 0011087373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural composition and species richness indices for upland forests of the Chicago region
    • BOWLES, M. L., M. JONES, J. MCBRIDE, T. BELL, AND C. DUNN. 2000. Structural composition and species richness indices for upland forests of the Chicago region. Erigenia 18: 30-57.
    • (2000) Erigenia , vol.18 , pp. 30-57
    • BOWLES, M.L.1    JONES, M.2    MCBRIDE, J.3    BELL, T.4    DUNN, C.5
  • 15
    • 34547730564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal instability in Chicago's upland old growth forests
    • BOWLES, M. L., M. JONES, J. MCBRIDE, T. BELL, AND C. DUNN. 2005. Temporal instability in Chicago's upland old growth forests. Chicago Wilderness Journal 3(2): 5-16. 〈http://www.chicagowilderness.org/pubprod/cwjournal〉
    • (2005) Chicago Wilderness Journal , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 5-16
    • BOWLES, M.L.1    JONES, M.2    MCBRIDE, J.3    BELL, T.4    DUNN, C.5
  • 16
    • 0036810750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prescribed burning on epigeic springtails (Insecta: Collembola) of woodland litter
    • BRAND, H. R. 2002. The effect of prescribed burning on epigeic springtails (Insecta: Collembola) of woodland litter. Am. Midl. Nat. 148: 383-393.
    • (2002) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.148 , pp. 383-393
    • BRAND, H.R.1
  • 18
    • 34547738341 scopus 로고
    • Climax forest herbs in prairie
    • BRAY, J. R. 1957. Climax forest herbs in prairie. Am. Midl. Nat. 58: 434-440.
    • (1957) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.58 , pp. 434-440
    • BRAY, J.R.1
  • 19
    • 0000599519 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of savanna species in relation to light intensity
    • BRAY, J. R. 1958. The distribution of savanna species in relation to light intensity. Can. J. Bot. 36: 671-681.
    • (1958) Can. J. Bot , vol.36 , pp. 671-681
    • BRAY, J.R.1
  • 20
    • 0000703420 scopus 로고
    • A half-century of changes in the herb layer of a climax deciduous forest in Michigan
    • BREWER, R. 1980. A half-century of changes in the herb layer of a climax deciduous forest in Michigan. J. Ecol. 68: 823-832.
    • (1980) J. Ecol , vol.68 , pp. 823-832
    • BREWER, R.1
  • 21
    • 29244491469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of prescribed fire on gap fraction in an oak forest understory on the Cumberland Plateau
    • CHIANG, J., M. A. ARTHUR, AND B. A. BLANKENSHIP. 2005. The effect of prescribed fire on gap fraction in an oak forest understory on the Cumberland Plateau. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 132: 432-441.
    • (2005) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.132 , pp. 432-441
    • CHIANG, J.1    ARTHUR, M.A.2    BLANKENSHIP, B.A.3
  • 22
    • 0022209993 scopus 로고
    • Responses of forest herbs to canopy gaps
    • S. T. A. Pickett and P. S. White [eds, Academic Press, New York, NY, USA
    • COLLINS, B. S., K. P. DUNNE, AND S. T. A. PICKETT. 1985. Responses of forest herbs to canopy gaps, p. 217-234. In S. T. A. Pickett and P. S. White [eds.], The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, New York, NY, USA.
    • (1985) The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics , pp. 217-234
    • COLLINS, B.S.1    DUNNE, K.P.2    PICKETT, S.T.A.3
  • 23
    • 0004262572 scopus 로고
    • University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, USA. 657 p
    • CURTIS, J. T. 1959. Vegetation of Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, USA. 657 p.
    • (1959) Vegetation of Wisconsin
    • CURTIS, J.T.1
  • 24
    • 0023483041 scopus 로고
    • Effects of canopy light gap and early emergence on the growth and reproduction of Geranium maculatum
    • DAHLEM, T. S. AND R. E. J. BOERNER. 1987. Effects of canopy light gap and early emergence on the growth and reproduction of Geranium maculatum Can. J. Bot. 65: 242-245.
    • (1987) Can. J. Bot , vol.65 , pp. 242-245
    • DAHLEM, T.S.1    BOERNER, R.E.J.2
  • 25
    • 34547730059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DESELM, H. R. AND E. E. C. CLEBSCH. 1991. Response types to prescribed fire in oak forest understory, p. 22-33. In S. C. Nodvin and T. A. Waldrop [eds.], Fire and environment: ecological and cultural perspectives, proceedings of an international symposium, Knoxville, TN. General Technical Report SE-69. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, USA.
    • DESELM, H. R. AND E. E. C. CLEBSCH. 1991. Response types to prescribed fire in oak forest understory, p. 22-33. In S. C. Nodvin and T. A. Waldrop [eds.], Fire and environment: ecological and cultural perspectives, proceedings of an international symposium, Knoxville, TN. General Technical Report SE-69. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, USA.
  • 26
    • 34547764107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DESELM, H. R., E. E. C. CLEBSCH, AND J. C. RENNIE. 1991. Effects of 27 years of prescribed fire on an oak forest and its soils in Middle Tennessee, p. 409-411. In S. S. Coleman and D. G. Neary [eds.], Proceedings, 6th biennial southern silvicultural research conference: General Technical Report SE-70. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, USA.
    • DESELM, H. R., E. E. C. CLEBSCH, AND J. C. RENNIE. 1991. Effects of 27 years of prescribed fire on an oak forest and its soils in Middle Tennessee, p. 409-411. In S. S. Coleman and D. G. Neary [eds.], Proceedings, 6th biennial southern silvicultural research conference: General Technical Report SE-70. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, USA.
  • 27
    • 0029730991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fire intensity on understory composition and diversity in a Kalmia-dominated oak forest, New England, U.S.A
    • DUCEY, J. J., W. K. MOSER, AND P. M. S. ASHTON. 1996. Effect of fire intensity on understory composition and diversity in a Kalmia-dominated oak forest, New England, U.S.A. Vegetatio 123: 81-90.
    • (1996) Vegetatio , vol.123 , pp. 81-90
    • DUCEY, J.J.1    MOSER, W.K.2    ASHTON, P.M.S.3
  • 28
    • 0043241739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed burning effects on upland Quercus forest structure and composition
    • FRANKLIN, S. B., P. A. ROBERTSON, AND J. S. FRALISH. 2003. Prescribed burning effects on upland Quercus forest structure and composition. For. Ecol. Manag. 184: 315-335.
    • (2003) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.184 , pp. 315-335
    • FRANKLIN, S.B.1    ROBERTSON, P.A.2    FRALISH, J.S.3
  • 29
    • 0003939609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: Imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs, users manual and program documentation
    • Millbrook, NY, USA
    • FRAZER, G. W., C. D. CANHAM, AND K. P. LERTZMAN. 1999. Gap Light Analyzer (GLA), Version 2.0: Imaging software to extract canopy structure and gap light transmission indices from true-colour fisheye photographs, users manual and program documentation. Copyright 1999: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute for Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA.
    • (1999) Copyright 1999: Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, and the Institute for Ecosystem Studies
    • FRAZER, G.W.1    CANHAM, C.D.2    LERTZMAN, K.P.3
  • 31
    • 33845942740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed burning and understory composition in a temperate deciduous forest, Ohio, USA
    • GLASGOW, L. S. AND G. R. MATLACK. 2007. Prescribed burning and understory composition in a temperate deciduous forest, Ohio, USA. For. Ecol. Manag. 238: 54-64.
    • (2007) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.238 , pp. 54-64
    • GLASGOW, L.S.1    MATLACK, G.R.2
  • 32
    • 0000957418 scopus 로고
    • The relation of forest distribution and prairie fires in the middle west
    • GLEASON, H. A. 1913. The relation of forest distribution and prairie fires in the middle west. Torreya 13: 173-181.
    • (1913) Torreya , vol.13 , pp. 173-181
    • GLEASON, H.A.1
  • 33
    • 0027011842 scopus 로고
    • Effects of removal of co-occurring species on distribution and abundance of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae), a spring ephemeral
    • HUGHES, J. W. 1992. Effects of removal of co-occurring species on distribution and abundance of Erythronium americanum (Liliaceae), a spring ephemeral. Am. J. Bot. 790: 1329-1336.
    • (1992) Am. J. Bot , vol.790 , pp. 1329-1336
    • HUGHES, J.W.1
  • 34
    • 0000383912 scopus 로고
    • Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments
    • HULBERT, S. H. 1984. Pseudoreplication and the design of ecological field experiments. Ecol. Monogr. 54: 187-211.
    • (1984) Ecol. Monogr , vol.54 , pp. 187-211
    • HULBERT, S.H.1
  • 35
    • 0032831188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landscape patterns of understory composition and richness across a moisture and nitrogen mineralization gradient in Ohio (U.S.A.) Quercus forests
    • HUTCHINSON, T. F., R. E. J. BOERNER, L. R. IVERSON, S. SUTHERLAND, AND E. K. SUTHERLAND. 1999. Landscape patterns of understory composition and richness across a moisture and nitrogen mineralization gradient in Ohio (U.S.A.) Quercus forests. Plant Ecol. 144: 179-189.
    • (1999) Plant Ecol , vol.144 , pp. 179-189
    • HUTCHINSON, T.F.1    BOERNER, R.E.J.2    IVERSON, L.R.3    SUTHERLAND, S.4    SUTHERLAND, E.K.5
  • 37
    • 34547785371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • JACOBS, K. A., M. L. BOWLES, AND K. A. BOLGER. 2004. Annual burning increases tree mortality, Armillaria root rot and canker incidence. Phytophathology suppl. 94: 53. (Abstracl).
    • JACOBS, K. A., M. L. BOWLES, AND K. A. BOLGER. 2004. Annual burning increases tree mortality, Armillaria root rot and canker incidence. Phytophathology suppl. 94: 53. (Abstracl).
  • 38
    • 0345430845 scopus 로고
    • The forest-prairie ecotone in northeastern
    • KILBURN, P. D. 1959. The forest-prairie ecotone in northeastern Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat. 62: 206-217.
    • (1959) Illinois. Am. Midl. Nat , vol.62 , pp. 206-217
    • KILBURN, P.D.1
  • 39
    • 0344172936 scopus 로고
    • Effect of burning on a dry oak forest infested with woody exotics
    • R. G. Wickett, P. D. Lewis, A. Woodliffe, and P. Pratt [eds, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
    • KLINE, V. M. AND T. MCCLINTOCK. 1994. Effect of burning on a dry oak forest infested with woody exotics, p. 207-213. In R. G. Wickett, P. D. Lewis, A. Woodliffe, and P. Pratt [eds.], Proceedings of the thirteenth North American prairie conference. Windsor, Ontario, Canada.
    • (1994) Proceedings of the thirteenth North American prairie conference , pp. 207-213
    • KLINE, V.M.1    MCCLINTOCK, T.2
  • 40
    • 0022843567 scopus 로고
    • Within and between species variation in response to environmental gradients in Polygonum pensylvanicum and Polygonum virginianum
    • LEE, H. S., A. R. ZANGERL, K. GARBUTT, AND F. A. BAZZAZ. 1986. Within and between species variation in response to environmental gradients in Polygonum pensylvanicum and Polygonum virginianum. Oecologia 68: 606-610.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.68 , pp. 606-610
    • LEE, H.S.1    ZANGERL, A.R.2    GARBUTT, K.3    BAZZAZ, F.A.4
  • 41
    • 0026292822 scopus 로고
    • Effects of site, landscape features, and fire regime on vegetation patterns in presettlement southern Wisconsin
    • LEITNER, L. A., C. P. DUNN, G. R. G UNTENSPERGEN, F. STEARNS, AND D. M. SHARPE. 1991. Effects of site, landscape features, and fire regime on vegetation patterns in presettlement southern Wisconsin. Landscape Ecol. 5: 203-217.
    • (1991) Landscape Ecol , vol.5 , pp. 203-217
    • LEITNER, L.A.1    DUNN, C.P.2    UNTENSPERGEN, G.R.G.3    STEARNS, F.4    SHARPE, D.M.5
  • 42
    • 0002123479 scopus 로고
    • The role of fire in the perpetuation of oak forests
    • J. E. Johnson [ed, Cooperative Extension Service, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
    • LORIMER, C. G. 1985. The role of fire in the perpetuation of oak forests, p. 8-25. In J. E. Johnson [ed.], Challenges in oak management and utilization. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
    • (1985) Challenges in oak management and utilization , pp. 8-25
    • LORIMER, C.G.1
  • 43
    • 0028179874 scopus 로고
    • Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands
    • LORIMER, C. G., J. W. CHAPMAN, AND W. D. LAMBERT. 1994. Tall understorey vegetation as a factor in the poor development of oak seedlings beneath mature stands. J. Ecol. 82: 227-237.
    • (1994) J. Ecol , vol.82 , pp. 227-237
    • LORIMER, C.G.1    CHAPMAN, J.W.2    LAMBERT, W.D.3
  • 44
    • 0034176788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated prescribed burning at Dinsmore Woods State Nature Preserve (Kentucky, USA): Responses of the understory community
    • LUKEN, J. O. AND M. SHEA. 2000. Repeated prescribed burning at Dinsmore Woods State Nature Preserve (Kentucky, USA): responses of the understory community. Nat, Areas J. 20: 150-158.
    • (2000) Nat, Areas J , vol.20 , pp. 150-158
    • LUKEN, J.O.1    SHEA, M.2
  • 45
    • 0005504823 scopus 로고
    • Illinois. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL, USA
    • MAPES, D. R. 1979. Soil survey of DuPage and part of Cook counties, Illinois. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL, USA.
    • (1979) Soil survey of DuPage and part of Cook counties
    • MAPES, D.R.1
  • 46
    • 33846250160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation pattern of DuPage and Will Counties at the time of European settlement
    • C. Petersen [ed, College of Dupage, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
    • MCBRIDE, J. M. AND M. L. BOWLES, 2001. Vegetation pattern of DuPage and Will Counties at the time of European settlement, p. 63-71. In C. Petersen [ed.], Proceedings of the twelfth northern Illinois prairie workshop. College of Dupage, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA.
    • (2001) Proceedings of the twelfth northern Illinois prairie workshop , pp. 63-71
    • MCBRIDE, J.M.1    BOWLES, M.L.2
  • 47
    • 0028983879 scopus 로고
    • Understory response to springtime prescribed fire in two New York transition oak forests
    • MCGEE, G. G., D. J. LEOPOLD, AND R. D. NYLAND. 1995. Understory response to springtime prescribed fire in two New York transition oak forests. For. Ecol. Manag. 76: 149-168.
    • (1995) For. Ecol. Manag , vol.76 , pp. 149-168
    • MCGEE, G.G.1    LEOPOLD, D.J.2    NYLAND, R.D.3
  • 48
    • 0010148578 scopus 로고
    • The York Woods: A case history of forest succession in southern Wisconsin
    • MCINTOSH, R. P. 1957. The York Woods: a case history of forest succession in southern Wisconsin. Ecology 38: 29-37.
    • (1957) Ecology , vol.38 , pp. 29-37
    • MCINTOSH, R.P.1
  • 49
    • 0009056101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoration from the perspective of recent forest history. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters
    • MENDELSON, J. 1998. Restoration from the perspective of recent forest history. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci., Arts and Letters 86: 137-147.
    • (1998) , vol.86 , pp. 137-147
    • MENDELSON, J.1
  • 50
    • 0343951268 scopus 로고
    • Brownfield Woods, Illinois: Woody vegetation ckanges since 1960
    • MICELI, J. C., G. L. ROLFE, D. R. PELZ, AND J. M. EDGINGTON. 1977. Brownfield Woods, Illinois: woody vegetation ckanges since 1960. Am. Midl. Nat. 98: 469-476.
    • (1977) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.98 , pp. 469-476
    • MICELI, J.C.1    ROLFE, G.L.2    PELZ, D.R.3    EDGINGTON, J.M.4
  • 51
    • 0022856901 scopus 로고
    • Responses of the herb layer to the gap dynamics of mature beech-maple forest
    • MOORE, M. R. AND J. L. VANKAT. 1986. Responses of the herb layer to the gap dynamics of mature beech-maple forest. Am. Midl. Nat. 115: 336-347.
    • (1986) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.115 , pp. 336-347
    • MOORE, M.R.1    VANKAT, J.L.2
  • 52
    • 25144475742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecophysiology of the herbaceous layer in temperate deciduous forests
    • F. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds, North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA
    • NEUFELD, H. S. AND D. R. YOUNG. 2003. Ecophysiology of the herbaceous layer in temperate deciduous forests, p. 38-90. In F. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds.], The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA.
    • (2003) The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern , pp. 38-90
    • NEUFELD, H.S.1    YOUNG, D.R.2
  • 53
    • 0031672863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of aspect and stand age on ground flora of southeastern Ohio forest ecosystems
    • OLIVERO, A. M. AND D. M. HIX. 1998. Influence of aspect and stand age on ground flora of southeastern Ohio forest ecosystems. Plant Ecol. 139: 177-187.
    • (1998) Plant Ecol , vol.139 , pp. 177-187
    • OLIVERO, A.M.1    HIX, D.M.2
  • 54
    • 0024218966 scopus 로고
    • Changes in forest composition in central Missouri: 1968-1982
    • PALLARDY, S. G., T. A. NIGHT, AND E. GARRETT. 1991. Changes in forest composition in central Missouri: 1968-1982. Am. Midl. Nat. 120: 380-390.
    • (1991) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.120 , pp. 380-390
    • PALLARDY, S.G.1    NIGHT, T.A.2    GARRETT, E.3
  • 55
    • 0027142254 scopus 로고
    • Microsite differences and temporal change in plant communities of treefall pits and mounds in an oldgrowth forest
    • PETERSON, C. J. AND J. E. CAMPBELL. 1993. Microsite differences and temporal change in plant communities of treefall pits and mounds in an oldgrowth forest. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 120: 451-460.
    • (1993) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.120 , pp. 451-460
    • PETERSON, C.J.1    CAMPBELL, J.E.2
  • 56
    • 0034969048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescribed fire in oak savanna: Fire frequency effects on stand structure and dynamics
    • PETERSON, E. W. AND P. B. REICH. 2001. Prescribed fire in oak savanna: fire frequency effects on stand structure and dynamics. Ecol. Appl. 11: 914-927.
    • (2001) Ecol. Appl , vol.11 , pp. 914-927
    • PETERSON, E.W.1    REICH, P.B.2
  • 57
    • 0011258290 scopus 로고
    • Light, flowering, and fruiting within patches of Smilacina racemosa and Smilacina stellata (Liliaceae)
    • PIPER, J. K. 1989. Light, flowering, and fruiting within patches of Smilacina racemosa and Smilacina stellata (Liliaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116: 247-257.
    • (1989) Bull. Torrey Bot. Club , vol.116 , pp. 247-257
    • PIPER, J.K.1
  • 58
    • 0001080756 scopus 로고
    • Response of five deciduous forest herbs to partial canopy removal and patch size
    • READER, R. J. AND B. D. BRICKER. 1992. Response of five deciduous forest herbs to partial canopy removal and patch size. Am. Midl. Nat. 127: 149-157.
    • (1992) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.127 , pp. 149-157
    • READER, R.J.1    BRICKER, B.D.2
  • 59
    • 9344257258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of the herbaceous layer to natural disturbance in North American forests
    • ROBERTS, M. R. 2004. Response of the herbaceous layer to natural disturbance in North American forests. Can. J. Bot. 82: 1273-1283.
    • (2004) Can. J. Bot , vol.82 , pp. 1273-1283
    • ROBERTS, M.R.1
  • 60
    • 9344269697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of the herbaceous layer to disturbance in eastern forests
    • G. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds, North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA
    • ROBERTS, M. R. AND G. S. GILLIAM. 2003. Response of the herbaceous layer to disturbance in eastern forests, p. 302-320. In G. S. Gilliam and M. R. Roberts [eds.], The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern North America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA.
    • (2003) The herbaceous layer in forests of eastern , pp. 302-320
    • ROBERTS, M.R.1    GILLIAM, G.S.2
  • 61
    • 0019737333 scopus 로고
    • Mature mesophytic hardwood forest: Community transitions, by layer, from east-central Minnesota to southeastern Michigan
    • ROGERS, R. S. 1981. Mature mesophytic hardwood forest: community transitions, by layer, from east-central Minnesota to southeastern Michigan. Ecology 62: 1634-1647.
    • (1981) Ecology , vol.62 , pp. 1634-1647
    • ROGERS, R.S.1
  • 62
    • 0020454810 scopus 로고
    • Early spring herb communities in mesophytic forests of the Great Lakes region
    • ROGERS, R. S. 1982. Early spring herb communities in mesophytic forests of the Great Lakes region. Ecology 63: 1050-1063.
    • (1982) Ecology , vol.63 , pp. 1050-1063
    • ROGERS, R.S.1
  • 63
    • 0022226186 scopus 로고
    • Local coexistence of deciduous forest groundlayer species growing in different seasons
    • ROGERS, R. S. 1985. Local coexistence of deciduous forest groundlayer species growing in different seasons. Ecology 66: 701-707.
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 701-707
    • ROGERS, R.S.1
  • 64
    • 0031430812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Composition and dynamics of Spitler Woods, an oldgrowth remnant forest in Illinois (USA)
    • ROOVERS, L. M. AND S. R. SHIPLEY. 1997. Composition and dynamics of Spitler Woods, an oldgrowth remnant forest in Illinois (USA). Nat. Areas J. 17: 219-232.
    • (1997) Nat. Areas J , vol.17 , pp. 219-232
    • ROOVERS, L.M.1    SHIPLEY, S.R.2
  • 65
    • 0000016191 scopus 로고
    • Hard maples increasing in upland hardwood stands
    • J. S. Fralish, G. T. Weaver, and R. C. Schlesinger [eds, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
    • SCHLESINGER, R. C. 1976. Hard maples increasing in upland hardwood stands, p. 177-185. In J. S. Fralish, G. T. Weaver, and R. C. Schlesinger [eds.], Proceedings of the first central hardwood forest conference. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA.
    • (1976) Proceedings of the first central hardwood forest conference , pp. 177-185
    • SCHLESINGER, R.C.1
  • 66
    • 0030303712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a prescribed burn on degraded forest vegetation
    • SCHWARTZ, M. W. AND J. R. HEIM. 1996. Effects of a prescribed burn on degraded forest vegetation. Nat. Areas J. 16: 184-191.
    • (1996) Nat. Areas J , vol.16 , pp. 184-191
    • SCHWARTZ, M.W.1    HEIM, J.R.2
  • 67
    • 0036065199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variation in the response of understory vegetation to disturbance in a central Appalachian oak forest
    • SMALL, C. J. AND B. C. MCCARTHY. 2002. Spatial and temporal variation in the response of understory vegetation to disturbance in a central Appalachian oak forest. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 136-153.
    • (2002) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.129 , pp. 136-153
    • SMALL, C.J.1    MCCARTHY, B.C.2
  • 68
    • 0000779327 scopus 로고
    • Assimilation rates of some woodland herbs in Ontario
    • SPARLING, J. H. 1967. Assimilation rates of some woodland herbs in Ontario. Bot. Gaz. 128: 160-168.
    • (1967) Bot. Gaz , vol.128 , pp. 160-168
    • SPARLING, J.H.1
  • 69
    • 34547802501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SUTHERLAND, E. K., T. F. HUTCHINSON, AND D. A. YAUSSY. 2003. Introduction, study area description and experimental design, p. 1-16. In E. K. Sutherland and T. F. Hutchison [eds.], Characteristics of mixed-oak forest ecosystems in southern Ohio prior to the reintroduction of fire. General Technical Report NE-299, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, USA.
    • SUTHERLAND, E. K., T. F. HUTCHINSON, AND D. A. YAUSSY. 2003. Introduction, study area description and experimental design, p. 1-16. In E. K. Sutherland and T. F. Hutchison [eds.], Characteristics of mixed-oak forest ecosystems in southern Ohio prior to the reintroduction of fire. General Technical Report NE-299, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, USA.
  • 71
    • 0141994554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens
    • TAFT, J. B. 2003. Fire effects on community structure, composition, and diversity in a dry sandstone barrens. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 130: 170-192.
    • (2003) J. Torrey Bot. Soc , vol.130 , pp. 170-192
    • TAFT, J.B.1
  • 72
    • 0001648854 scopus 로고
    • Treefalls and colonization patterns of temperate forest herbs
    • THOMPSON, J. N. 1980. Treefalls and colonization patterns of temperate forest herbs. Am. Midl. Nat. 104: 176-184.
    • (1980) Am. Midl. Nat , vol.104 , pp. 176-184
    • THOMPSON, J.N.1
  • 73
    • 0000226350 scopus 로고
    • The prairie peninsula
    • TRANSEAU, E. N. 1935. The prairie peninsula. Ecology 16: 423-437.
    • (1935) Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 423-437
    • TRANSEAU, E.N.1
  • 74
    • 0034908557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring fire effects for managed burns and wildfires: Coming to terms with pseudoreplication
    • VAN MANTGEM, P., M. SCHWARTZ, AND M. KEIFER. 2001. Monitoring fire effects for managed burns and wildfires: coming to terms with pseudoreplication. Nat. Areas J. 21: 266-273.
    • (2001) Nat. Areas J , vol.21 , pp. 266-273
    • VAN MANTGEM, P.1    SCHWARTZ, M.2    KEIFER, M.3
  • 75
    • 11244290325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology of woodland herbs in temperate deciduous forests
    • WHIGHAM, D. F. 2004. Ecology of woodland herbs in temperate deciduous forests. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. 35: 583-621.
    • (2004) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst , vol.35 , pp. 583-621
    • WHIGHAM, D.F.1
  • 76
    • 0002824971 scopus 로고
    • Implications of changes in floristic composition of the Morton Arboretum's East Woods
    • G. V. Burger, J. E. Ebinger, and G. S. Wilhelm [eds, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA
    • WILHELM, G. 1991. Implications of changes in floristic composition of the Morton Arboretum's East Woods, p. 31-54. In G. V. Burger, J. E. Ebinger, and G. S. Wilhelm [eds.], Proceedings of the oak woods management workshop. Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, USA.
    • (1991) Proceedings of the oak woods management workshop , pp. 31-54
    • WILHELM, G.1
  • 77
    • 0011611372 scopus 로고
    • Floristic changes after five growing seasons in burned and unburned woodland
    • WILHELM, G. AND L. MASTERS. 1994. Floristic changes after five growing seasons in burned and unburned woodland. Erigenia 13: 141-150.
    • (1994) Erigenia , vol.13 , pp. 141-150
    • WILHELM, G.1    MASTERS, L.2
  • 78
    • 34547778254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WILL-WOLF, S. AND D. W. ROBERTS. 1993. Fire and succession in oak-maple forests: a modeling approach based on vital attributes, p. 217-236. In J. S. Fralish, R. P. McIntosh, and O. L. Loucks [eds.], John T. Curtis, fifty years of Wisconsin plant ecology. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci, Arts and Letters. Madison, WI, USA.
    • WILL-WOLF, S. AND D. W. ROBERTS. 1993. Fire and succession in oak-maple forests: a modeling approach based on vital attributes, p. 217-236. In J. S. Fralish, R. P. McIntosh, and O. L. Loucks [eds.], John T. Curtis, fifty years of Wisconsin plant ecology. Trans. Wisc. Acad. Sci, Arts and Letters. Madison, WI, USA.


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.