Stand dynamics of an Appalachian old-growth forest during a severe drought episode

Forest Ecology and Management

Volumn 174, Issue 1-3, 2003, Pages 139-148

  Olano, J M ^a   Palmer, M W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VALLADOLID   (Spain)

^b OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Acer saccharum; Fagus grandifolia; North Carolina; Old growth forest; Permanent plot; Stand dynamics

Indexed keywords

DROUGHT; PLANTS (BOTANY);

FOREST DYNAMICS;

FORESTRY;

DROUGHT; OLD-GROWTH FOREST; STAND DYNAMICS;

DROUGHT; FORESTRY; PLANTS;

UNITED STATES;

ACER SACCHARUM; AESCULUS FLAVA; FAGUS GRANDIFOLIA; SACCHARUM; TILIA AMERICANA;

EID: 0037450630     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(02)00033-6     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Abrams, M.D., Orwig, D.A., 1996. A 300-year history of disturbance and canopy recruitment for the co-occurring white pine and hemlock on the Allegheny Plateau. USA J. Ecol. 84, 353-363.
2. Abrams, M.D., Ruffner, C.M., Morgan, T.A., 1998. Tree ring response to drought across species and contrasting sites in the ridge and valley of Central Pennsylvania. For. Sci. 44, 550-558.
3. Abrell, D.B., Jackson, M.T., 1977. A decade of change in an old-growth beech-maple forest in Indiana. Am. Midl. Nat. 98, 22-32.
4. Allen, RB., Bellingham, P.J., Wiser, S.K., 2000. An earthquake's impact on the structure and dynamics of a New Zealand Nothofagus forest. In: Proceedings of the 41st IAVS Symposium, pp. 84-86.
5. Alley, W.M., 1984. The Palmer drought severity index: limitations and assumptions. J. Climate Appl. Meteorol. 23, 1100-1109.
6. Barden, L.S., 1980. Tree replacement in a cove hardwood forest of the southern Appalachians. Oikos 35, 16-19.
7. Barden, L.S., 1989. Repeatability in forest gap research studies in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecology 70, 558-559.
8. Batista, W.B., Platt, W.J., Macchiavelli, R.E., 1998. Demography of a shade-tolerant tree (Fagus grandifolia) in a hurricane-disturbed forest. Ecology 79, 38-53.
9. Beaudet, M., Messier, C., 1998. Growth and morphological responses of yellow birch, sugar maple and beech seedlings growing under a natural light gradient. Can. J. For. Res. 28, 1007-1015.
10. Brokaw, N.V.L., Busing, R.T., 2000. Niche versus chance and tree diversity in forest gaps. Tree 15, 183-188.
11. Brown, P.M., Kauffmann, M.R., Shepperd, W.D., 1999. Long-term, landscape patterns of past fire events in a montane ponderosa pine forest of central Colorado. Landscape Ecol. 14, 513-532.
12. Busing, R.T., 1998. Structure and dynamics of cove forests in the Great Smoky Mountains. Castanea 63, 361-371.
13. Condit, R., Ashton, P.S., Manokaran, N., LaFrankie, J.V., Hubbell, S.P., Foster, R.B., 1999. Dynamics of the forest communities at Pasoh and Barro Colorado: comparing two 50 ha plots. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 354, 1739-1748.
14. Dickison, G.J., 1980. Composition and stand dynamics of an old-growth upper cove hardwood forest in Walker Cove Research Natural Area, Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina. Master of Science Thesis, Duke University, 96 pp.
15. Donnegan, J.A., Rebertus, A.J., 1999. Rates and mechanisms of subalpine forest succession along an environmental gradient. Ecology 80, 1370-1384.
16. Fahey, T.J., 1998. Recent changes in an upland forest in south-central New York. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 125, 51-59.
17. Fischer, A., 1992. Long term vegetation development in Bavarian Mountain Forest ecosystems following natural destruction. Vegetatio 103, 93-104.
18. García-Plazaola, J.I., Becerril, J.M., 2000. Effects of drought on photoprotective mechanisms in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings from different provenances. Tree 14, 485-490.
19. Glitzestein, J.S., Harcombe, P.A., Streng, D.R., 1986. Disturbance, succession and maintenance of species diversity. Ecol. Monogr. 56, 243-258.
20. Hallgren, E., Palmer, M.W., Milberg, P., 1999. Data diving with cross validation: an investigation of broad-scale gradients in Swedish weed communities. J. Ecol. 87, 1037-1051.
21. Harcombe, P.A., Marks, P.L., 1983. Five years of tree death in a Fagus-Magnolia forest, southeast Texas (USA). Oecologia 57, 49-54.
22. Hardt, R.A., Swank, W.T., 1997. A comparison of structural and compositional characteristics of southern Appalachian young second growth, maturing second-growth and old-growth stands. Nat. Areas J. 17, 42-52.
23. Hepting, G.H., 1944. Sapstreak, a new killing disease of sugar maple. Phytopathology 34, 1069-1076.
24. Hosien P.E., 1974. Maples: mountain maple. In: Gill, J.D., Healy, W. (Eds.), Shrubs and Vines for Northeastern Wildlife. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-9, Broomall, PA, US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, pp. 93-95.
25. IPCC, 2001. Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. In: Houghton, J.T., Ding, Y., Griggs, D.J., Noguer, M., van der Linden, P.J., Xiaosu, D. (Eds.), Summary for policymakers Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cambridge University Press, UK. 944 pp.
26. Iverson, L.R., Prasad, A.M., Hale, B.J., Sutherland, E.K., 1999. An atlas of current and potential future distributions of common trees of the eastern United States. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-265, 1-245.
27. Kartesz, J.T., 1994. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland, Vols. 1 and 2, 2nd Edition. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
28. Legendre, P., Legendre, L., 1998. Numerical Ecology, 2nd English Edition. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
29. Martin, C.W., Bailey, A.S., 1999. Twenty years of change in a northern hardwood forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 123, 253-260.
30. McGee, G.G., 2000. The contribution of beech bark disease-induced mortality to coarse woody debris loads in northern hardwood stands of Adirondack Park, New York. USA Can. J. For. Res. 30, 1453-1462.
31. Moser, E.B., Saxton, A.M., Pezehski, S.R., 1989. Repeated measures analysis of variance, application to tree research. Can. J. For. Res. 20, 524-535.
32. Muller, R.N., 1982. Vegetation patterns in the mixed mesophytic forest of eastern Kentucky. Ecology 63, 1901-1917.
33. Nakagawa, M., Tanaka, K., Nakashizuka, T., Ohkubo, T., Kato, T., Maeda, T., Sato, K., Miguchi, H., Nagamasu, H., Ogino, K., Teo, S., Hamid, A.A., Seng, L.H., 2000. Impact of severe drought associated with the 1997-1998 El Niño in a tropical forest in Sarawak, J. Trop. Ecol. 16, 355-367.
34. NOAA, 2000. Climate visualization website: URL (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/onlineprod/drought/temp/drought_15264.txt).
35. Norušis, M, 1994, SPSS Advanced Statistics 6.1. SPSS Inc., Chicago, 606 pp.
36. Oliver, C.D., Larson, B.C., 1996. Forest Stand Dynamics. Wiley, New York, 520 pp.
37. Parker, G.R., Leopold, D.J., Eichenberger, J.K., 1985. Tree dynamics in an old-growth deciduous forest. For. Ecol. Manage. 11, 31-57.
38. Parshall, T., 1995. Canopy mortality and stand-scale change in a northern hemlock-hardwood forest. Can. J. For. Res. 25, 1466-1478.
39. Pedersen, B.S., 1998. The role of stress in the mortality of midwestern oaks as indicated by growth prior to death. Ecology 79, 79-93.
40. Peterson, C.J., Carson, W.P., 1996. Generalizing forest regeneration models: the dependence of propagule availability on disturbance history and stand size. Can. J. For. Res. 26, 45-52.
41. Peterson, C.J., Pickett, S.T.A., 1995. Forest reorganization: a case study in an old-growth forest catastrophic blowdown. Ecology 76, 763-774.
42. Runkle, J.R., 1979. Gap phase dynamics in climax mesic forests. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, New York
43. Runkle, J.R., 1981. Gap regeneration in some old-growth forests of the eastern United States. Ecology 62, 1041-1051.
44. Runkle, J.R., 1982. Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forest of eastern North America. Ecology 63, 1533-1546.
45. Runkle, J.R., 1998. Changes in south Appalachian canopy tree gaps sampled thrice. Ecology 79, 1768-1780.
46. Runkle, J.R., 2000. Canopy tree turnover in old-growth mesic forests of eastern North America. Ecology 81, 554-567.
47. Runkle, J.R., Yetter, T.C., 1987. Treefalls revisited: gap dynamics in the southern Appalachians. Ecology 68, 417-424.
48. Sutherland, E.K., Hale, B.S., Hix, D.H., 2000. Defining species guilds in the central hardwood Forests. USA Plant Ecol. 147, 1-19.
49. ter Braak, C.J.R., Looman, C.W.N., 1987. Regression. In: Jongmann, R.H., ter Braak, C.J.F., van Tongeren, O.F.R. (Eds.), Data Analysis in Community Ecology. Pudoc, Wagenigen, pp. 29-90.
50. Trimble Jr., G.R., 1975. Summaries of some silvical characteristics of several Appalachian hardwood trees. USDA For. Serv. Gen. Techn. Rep. NE-16. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomall, PA, 5 pp.
51. van Hees, A.F.M., 1997. Growth and morphology of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in relation to shading and drought. Ann. Sci. For. 54, 9-18.
52. Veblen, T.T., Kitzberger, T., Villalba, R., Donnegan, J., 1999. Fire history in Northern Patagonia: the roles of humans and climatic variation. Ecol. Monogr. 69, 47-67.
53. Walsh, S.J., Butler, D.R., Allen, T.R., Malanson, G.P., 1994. Influence of snow patterns and snow avalanches on the alpine tree ecotone. J. Veg. Sci. 5, 657-672.
54. Waring, R.H., 1987. Characteristics of trees predisposed to die. BioScience 37, 569-573.
55. Woods, K.D., 2000. Dynamics in late successional hemlock-hardwood forests over three decades. Ecology 81, 110-126.
56. Ximénez, C., San Martín, R., 2000. Análisis de Varianza con Medidas Repetidas. Ed. La Muralla, Madrid.