메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 139, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 332-350

Influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on forecasts of extreme precipitation in the contiguous United States

Author keywords

Extreme events; Forecasting; Madden Julian oscillation; Precipitation

Indexed keywords

BOREAL WINTERS; CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE FORECASTS; ENHANCED CONVECTION; EXTREME EVENTS; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; INDIAN OCEAN; LEAD TIME; LOSS OF LIFE; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; NON-PROBABILISTIC; PRECIPITATION; PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; QUIESCENT PERIOD; SKILL SCORE; SPATIAL PATTERNS; WEATHER PHENOMENA;

EID: 79952509092     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2010MWR3512.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 34248551505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Summertime influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on daily rainfall over Mexico and Central America
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL027738
    • Barlow, M., and D. Salstein, 2006: Summertime influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on daily rainfall over Mexico and Central America. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21708, doi:10.1029/2006GL027738.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Barlow, M.1    Salstein, D.2
  • 2
    • 25444459179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of daily precipitation over southwest Asia by the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Barlow, M., M. Wheeler, B. Lyon, and H. Cullen, 2005: Modulation of daily precipitation over southwest Asia by the Madden-Julian oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 3579-3594.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 3579-3594
    • Barlow, M.1    Wheeler, M.2    Lyon, B.3    Cullen, H.4
  • 4
    • 0141817067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on precipitation in Oregon and Washington
    • Bond, N. A., and G. A. Vecchi, 2003: The influence of the Madden-Julian oscillation on precipitation in Oregon and Washington. Wea. Forecasting, 18, 600-613.
    • (2003) Wea. Forecasting , vol.18 , pp. 600-613
    • Bond, N.A.1    Vecchi, G.A.2
  • 5
    • 1442291180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The South Atlantic convergence zone: Intensity form, persistence, and relationships with intraseasonal to interannual activity and extreme rainfall
    • Carvalho, L. M. V., C. Jones, and B. Liebmann, 2004: The South Atlantic convergence zone: Intensity, form, persistence, and relationships with intraseasonal to interannual activity and extreme rainfall. J. Climate, 17, 88-108.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 88-108
    • Carvalho, L.M.V.1    Jones, C.2    Liebmann, B.3
  • 7
    • 84899480037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty and ensemble forecast
    • Available online at
    • Du, J., 2007: Uncertainty and ensemble forecast. Science and Technology Infusion Lecture Series, 42 pp. [Available online at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP/uncertainty.htm.].
    • (2007) Science and Technology Infusion Lecture Series , vol.42
    • Du, J.1
  • 8
    • 0025671498 scopus 로고
    • Tropical-extratropical interaction associated with the 30-60 day oscillation and its impact on medium and extended range prediction
    • Ferranti, L., T. N. Palmer, F. Molteni, and K. Klinker, 1990: Tropical-extratropical interaction associated with the 30-60 day oscillation and its impact on medium and extended range prediction. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2177-2199.
    • (1990) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 2177-2199
    • Ferranti, L.1    Palmer, T.N.2    Molteni, F.3    Klinker, K.4
  • 9
    • 33845386005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts based on reforecast analogs: Theory and application
    • Hamill, T. M., and J. S. Whitaker, 2006: Probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasts based on reforecast analogs: Theory and application. Mon. Wea. Rev., 134, 3209-3229.
    • (2006) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.134 , pp. 3209-3229
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Whitaker, J.S.2
  • 11
    • 1642306852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble reforecasting: Improving medium-range forecast skill using retrospective forecasts
    • Hamill, T. M., J. S. Whitaker, and X. Wei, 2004b: Ensemble reforecasting: Improving medium-range forecast skill using retrospective forecasts. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1434-1447.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1434-1447
    • Hamill, T.M.1    Whitaker, J.S.2    Wei, X.3
  • 12
    • 0034066983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medium-range forecast errors associated with active episodes of the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Hendon, H. H., B. Liebmann, M. Newman, J. D. Glick, and J. E. Schemm, 2000: Medium-range forecast errors associated with active episodes of the Madden-Julian oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 69-86.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 69-86
    • Hendon, H.H.1    Liebmann, B.2    Newman, M.3    Glick, J.D.4    Schemm, J.E.5
  • 13
    • 0343526477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme precipitation events in the western United States related to tropical forcing
    • Higgins, R. W., J. K. E. Schemm, W. Shi, and A. Leetmaa, 2000a: Extreme precipitation events in the western United States related to tropical forcing. J. Climate, 13, 793-820.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 793-820
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Schemm, J.K.E.2    Shi, W.3    Leetmaa, A.4
  • 15
    • 60749123369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of daily precipitation statistics for the United States in observations and in the NCEP Climate Forecast System
    • Higgins, R. W., V. B. S. Silva, V. E. Kousky, and W. Shi, 2008: Comparison of daily precipitation statistics for the United States in observations and in the NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate, 21, 5993-6014.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 5993-6014
    • Higgins, R.W.1    Silva, V.B.S.2    Kousky, V.E.3    Shi, W.4
  • 16
    • 0019655505 scopus 로고
    • Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation
    • Horel, J. D., and J. M. Wallace, 1981: Planetary-scale atmospheric phenomena associated with the Southern Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 813-829.
    • (1981) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.109 , pp. 813-829
    • Horel, J.D.1    Wallace, J.M.2
  • 17
    • 40849124471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic variation in wintertime precipitation in East Asia by MJOinduced extratropical vertical motion
    • Jeong, J.-H., B.-M. Kim, C.-H. Ho, and Y.-H. Noh, 2008: Systematic variation in wintertime precipitation in East Asia by MJOinduced extratropical vertical motion. J. Climate, 21, 788-801.
    • (2008) J. Climate , vol.21 , pp. 788-801
    • Jeong, J.-H.1    Kim, B.-M.2    Ho, C.-H.3    Noh, Y.-H.4
  • 18
    • 0034299194 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of extreme precipitation events in California and relationships with the Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Jones, C., 2000: Occurrence of extreme precipitation events in California and relationships with the Madden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 3576-3587.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 3576-3587
    • Jones, C.1
  • 19
    • 64049103596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ahomogeneous stochasticmodel of theMadden-Julian oscillation
    • Jones, C., 2009: Ahomogeneous stochasticmodel of theMadden-Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 22, 3270-3288.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 3270-3288
    • Jones, C.1
  • 20
    • 0034033878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of intraseasonal variations on medium- to extended-range weather forecasts over South America
    • Jones, C., and J.-K. E. Schemm, 2000: The influence of intraseasonal variations on medium- to extended-range weather forecasts over South America. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 486-494.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 486-494
    • Jones, C.1    Schemm, J.-K.2
  • 21
    • 78649269967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stochastic simulations of the Madden-Julian oscillation activity
    • Jones, C., and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2009: Stochastic simulations of the Madden-Julian oscillation activity. Climate Dyn., 36, 229-246.
    • (2009) Climate Dyn. , vol.36 , pp. 229-246
    • Jones, C.1    Carvalho, L.M.V.2
  • 22
    • 0034023181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction skill of the Madden and Julian oscillation in dynamical extended range forecasts
    • Jones, C., D. E. Waliser, J.-K. E. Schemm, and W. K. M. Lau, 2000: Prediction skill of the Madden and Julian oscillation in dynamical extended range forecasts. Climate Dyn., 16, 273-289.
    • (2000) Climate Dyn. , vol.16 , pp. 273-289
    • Jones, C.1    Waliser, D.E.2    Schemm, J.-K.3    Lau, W.K.M.4
  • 23
    • 11844299713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global occurrences of extreme precipitation and the Madden-Julian oscillation: Observations and predictability
    • Jones, C., D. E. Waliser, K. M. Lau, and W. Stern, 2004a: Global occurrences of extreme precipitation and the Madden-Julian oscillation: Observations and predictability. J. Climate, 17, 4575-4589.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 4575-4589
    • Jones, C.1    Waliser, D.E.2    Lau, K.M.3    Stern, W.4
  • 24
    • 3042844847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Madden-Julian oscillation and its impact on NorthernHemisphere weather predictability
    • Jones, C., D. E. Waliser, K. M. Lau, and W. Stern, 2004b: The Madden-Julian oscillation and its impact on NorthernHemisphere weather predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1462-1471.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1462-1471
    • Jones, C.1    Waliser, D.E.2    Lau, K.M.3    Stern, W.4
  • 25
    • 0029768948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project
    • Kalnay, E., et al. 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 437-471
    • Kalnay, E.1
  • 26
    • 0032459768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maturity of operational numerical weather prediction: Medium range
    • Kalnay, E., S. J. Lord, and R. D. McPherson, 1998: Maturity of operational numerical weather prediction: Medium range. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 79, 2753-2769.
    • (1998) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.79 , pp. 2753-2769
    • Kalnay, E.1    Lord, S.J.2    McPherson, R.D.3
  • 27
    • 0042092646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation
    • Kistler, R., et al. 2001: The NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly means CD-ROM and documentation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 247-267.
    • (2001) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.82 , pp. 247-267
    • Kistler, R.1
  • 28
    • 0142246914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early detection of abnormal weather conditions using a probabilistic extreme forecast index
    • Lalaurette, F., 2003: Early detection of abnormal weather conditions using a probabilistic extreme forecast index. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3037-3057.
    • (2003) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.129 , pp. 3037-3057
    • Lalaurette, F.1
  • 29
    • 0027037226 scopus 로고
    • Tropical intraseasonal oscillation and its prediction by the NMC Operational Model
    • Lau, K.-M., and F. C. Chang, 1992: Tropical intraseasonal oscillation and its prediction by the NMC Operational Model. J. Climate, 5, 1365-1378.
    • (1992) J. Climate , vol.5 , pp. 1365-1378
    • Lau, K.-M.1    Chang, F.C.2
  • 31
    • 13644274800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early warnings of severe weather fromensemble forecast information
    • Legg, T. P., and K. R. Mylne, 2004: Early warnings of severe weather fromensemble forecast information. Wea. Forecasting, 19, 891-906.
    • (2004) Wea. Forecasting , vol.19 , pp. 891-906
    • Legg, T.P.1    Mylne, K.R.2
  • 32
    • 0042964877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of medium-range ensembles at theMetOffice 1 PREVIN-Asystemfor the production of probabilistic forecast information from the ECMWF EPS
    • Legg, T. P., K. R. Mylne, and C. Woolcock, 2002: Use of medium-range ensembles at theMetOffice 1: PREVIN-Asystemfor the production of probabilistic forecast information from the ECMWF EPS. Meteor. Appl., 9, 255-271.
    • (2002) Meteor. Appl. , vol.9 , pp. 255-271
    • Legg, T.P.1    Mylne, K.R.2    Woolcock, C.3
  • 33
    • 0001600664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset
    • Liebmann, B., and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation dataset. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 1275-1277.
    • (1996) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 1275-1277
    • Liebmann, B.1    Smith, C.A.2
  • 34
    • 3242674923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subseasonal variations of rainfall in South America in the vicinity of the low-level jet east of the Andes and comparison to those in the South Atlantic convergence zone
    • Legg, T. P., G. N. Kiladis, C. S. Vera, A. C. Saulo, and L. M. V. Carvalho, 2004: Subseasonal variations of rainfall in South America in the vicinity of the low-level jet east of the Andes and comparison to those in the South Atlantic convergence zone. J. Climate, 17, 3829-3842.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 3829-3842
    • Legg, T.P.1    Kiladis, G.N.2    Vera, C.S.3    Saulo, A.C.4    Carvalho, L.M.V.5
  • 35
    • 0028571920 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation-A review
    • Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1994: Observations of the 40-50-day tropical oscillation-A review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 814-837.
    • (1994) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.122 , pp. 814-837
    • Madden, R.A.1    Julian, P.R.2
  • 36
    • 4844231277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global response to tropical heating in the Madden-Julian oscillation during the northern winter
    • Matthews, A. J., B. J. Hoskins, and M. Masutani, 2004: The global response to tropical heating in the Madden-Julian oscillation during the northern winter. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 1991-2011.
    • (2004) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.130 , pp. 1991-2011
    • Matthews, A.J.1    Hoskins, B.J.2    Masutani, M.3
  • 37
    • 0033509764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alternating wet and dry episodes over California and intraseasonal oscillations
    • Mo, K. C., 1999: Alternating wet and dry episodes over California and intraseasonal oscillations.Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2759-2776.
    • (1999) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.127 , pp. 2759-2776
    • Mo, K.C.1
  • 38
    • 0031879228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical influences on California precipitation
    • Mo, K. C., and R. W. Higgins, 1998a: Tropical influences on California precipitation. J. Climate, 11, 412-430.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 412-430
    • Mo, K.C.1    Higgins, R.W.2
  • 39
    • 0032455160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical convection and precipitation regimes in the western United States
    • Mo, K. C., and R. W. Higgins, 1998b: Tropical convection and precipitation regimes in the western United States. J. Climate, 11, 2404-2423.
    • (1998) J. Climate , vol.11 , pp. 2404-2423
    • Mo, K.C.1    Higgins, R.W.2
  • 40
    • 0035420730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Pacific-South American modes and their downstream effects
    • Mo, K. C., and J. N. Paegle, 2001: The Pacific-South American modes and their downstream effects. Int. J. Climatol., 21, 1211-1229.
    • (2001) Int. J. Climatol. , vol.21 , pp. 1211-1229
    • Mo, K.C.1    Paegle, J.N.2
  • 41
    • 0034301103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation and damaging floods:Trends in theUnited States 1932-97
    • Pielke, R. A., Jr., and M. W. Downton, 2000: Precipitation and damaging floods:Trends in theUnited States, 1932-97. J. Climate, 13, 3625-3637.
    • (2000) J. Climate , vol.13 , pp. 3625-3637
    • Pielke Jr., R.A.1    Downton, M.W.2
  • 42
    • 79551604637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of the Madden-Julian oscillation with the POAMA dynamical prediction system
    • in press, doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0754-x
    • Rashid, H. A., H. H. Hendon, M. C. Wheeler, and O. Alves, 2010: Prediction of the Madden-Julian oscillation with the POAMA dynamical prediction system. Climate Dyn., in press, doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0754-x.
    • (2010) Climate Dyn
    • Rashid, H.A.1    Hendon, H.H.2    Wheeler, M.C.3    Alves, O.4
  • 43
    • 33645633207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The NCEP Climate Forecast System
    • Saha, S., et al. 2006: The NCEP Climate Forecast System. J. Climate, 19, 3483-3517.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3483-3517
    • Saha, S.1
  • 44
    • 26444584574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecast skill of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation in the NCEP GFS dynamical extended range forecasts
    • Seo, K. H., J.-K. E. Schemm, C. Jones, and S.Moorthi, 2005: Forecast skill of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation in the NCEP GFS dynamical extended range forecasts. Climate Dyn., 25, 265-284.
    • (2005) Climate Dyn. , vol.25 , pp. 265-284
    • Seo, K.H.1    Schemm, J.-K.2    Jones, C.3    Moorthi, S.4
  • 45
    • 0003265873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weather prediction
    • R. W. Katz and A. H. Murphy, Eds., Oxford University Press
    • Tribbia, J. J., 1997: Weather prediction. Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts, R. W. Katz and A. H. Murphy, Eds., Oxford University Press, 1-12.
    • (1997) Economic Value of Weather and Climate Forecasts , pp. 1-12
    • Tribbia, J.J.1
  • 46
    • 11844252098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monthly forecasting at ECMWF
    • Vitart, F., 2004: Monthly forecasting at ECMWF. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 2761-2779.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 2761-2779
    • Vitart, F.1
  • 47
    • 77954491947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation and its teleconnections in the ECMWF forecast system
    • Vitart, F., and F. Molteni, 2010: Simulation of the Madden-Julian oscillation and its teleconnections in the ECMWF forecast system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 136, 842-855.
    • (2010) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 842-855
    • Vitart, F.1    Molteni, F.2
  • 48
    • 0019704889 scopus 로고
    • Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter
    • Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
    • (1981) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.109 , pp. 784-812
    • Wallace, J.M.1    Gutzler, D.S.2
  • 49
    • 23644438447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of ENSO in the new NCEP coupled forecast system model (CFS03)
    • Wang, W., S. Saha, H.-L. Pan, S. Nadiga, and G. White, 2005: Simulation of ENSO in the new NCEP coupled forecast system model (CFS03). Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1574-1593.
    • (2005) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.133 , pp. 1574-1593
    • Wang, W.1    Saha, S.2    Pan, H.-L.3    Nadiga, S.4    White, G.5
  • 50
    • 2942673326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction
    • Wheeler, M. C., and H. H. Hendon, 2004: An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917-1932.
    • (2004) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.132 , pp. 1917-1932
    • Wheeler, M.C.1    Hendon, H.H.2
  • 51
    • 64049097711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of the Madden-Julian oscillation on Australian rainfall and circulation
    • Wheeler, M. C.,H. H. Hendon, S. Cleland, H. Meinke, and A. Donald, 2009: Impacts of the Madden-Julian oscillation on Australian rainfall and circulation. J. Climate, 22, 1482-1498.
    • (2009) J. Climate , vol.22 , pp. 1482-1498
    • Wheeler, M.C.1    Hendon, H.H.2    Cleland, S.3    Meinke, H.4    Donald, A.5
  • 53
    • 0041963116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of medium-range ensembles at the Met Office 2: Applications for medium-range forecasting
    • Young, M. V., and E. B. Carrol, 2002: Use of medium-range ensembles at the Met Office 2: Applications for medium-range forecasting. Meteor. Appl., 9, 273-288.
    • (2002) Meteor. Appl. , vol.9 , pp. 273-288
    • Young, M.V.1    Carrol, E.B.2
  • 54
    • 23644435616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Madden-Julian oscillation
    • Zhang, C. D., 2005: Madden-Julian oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 43, 1-36.
    • (2005) Rev. Geophys. , vol.43 , pp. 1-36
    • Zhang, C.D.1
  • 55
    • 28844475622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ensemble forecast: A new approach to uncertainty and predictability
    • Zhu, Y., 2005: Ensemble forecast: A new approach to uncertainty and predictability. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 22, 781-788.
    • (2005) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 781-788
    • Zhu, Y.1
  • 56
    • 28844461356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extreme weather events and their probabilistic prediction by the NCEP ensemble forecast system
    • Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Available online at 1.38
    • Zhu, Y., and Z. Toth, 2001: Extreme weather events and their probabilistic prediction by the NCEP ensemble forecast system. Preprints, Symp. on Precipitation Extremes: Prediction, Impact, and Responses, Albuquerque, NM, Amer. Meteor. Soc., P1.38. [Available online at http://ams.confex.com/ams/annual2001/techprogram/paper_17656.htm.].
    • (2001) Preprints, Symp. on Precipitation Extremes: Prediction, Impact, and Responses
    • Zhu, Y.1    Toth, Z.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.