Extreme precipitation events in the Western United States related to tropical forcing

Journal of Climate

Volumn 13, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 793-820

  Higgins, R W ^a   Schemm, J K E ^a   Shi, W ^a   Leetmaa, A ^a  

^a CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC MOVEMENTS; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; CLIMATOLOGY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DROUGHT; GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS; TROPICS;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION PATTERNS; EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION CYCLE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL FORCING; WINTERS;

PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY);

CLIMATE FORCING; EL NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; EXTREME EVENT; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SEVERE WEATHER; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY;

(WEST); UNITED STATES;

EID: 0343526477     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<0793:EPEITW>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Bell, G. D., and V. E. Kousky, 1995: Diagnosing the midlatitude response to ENSO. Proc. 20th Annual Climate Diagnostics Workshop, Seattle, WA, Climate Prediction Center, 9-12.
2. Berbery, E. H., and J. N. Paegle, 1993: Intraseasonal interactions between the Tropics and extratropics in the Southern Hemisphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 1950-1965.
3. Blackmon, M. L., 1976: A climatological spectral study of the 500 mb geopotential height of the Northern Hemisphere. J. Atmos Sci., 33, 1607-1623.
4. Cayan, D. R., and D. H. Peterson, 1989: The influence of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation on streamflow in the west. PA-CLIM, Geophys. Monogr., No. 55, Amer. Geophys. Union, 375-397.
5. _, and K. T. Redmond, 1994: ENSO influences on atmospheric circulation and precipitation in the western United States. Proc. Tenth Annual Pacific Climate (PACLIM) Workshop, Pacific Grove, CA, California Department of Water Resources, 5-26.
6. _, _, and L. Riddle, 1999: ENSO and hydrologic extremes in the western United States. J. Climate, 12, 2881-2893.
7. Charba, J. P., A. W. Harrell III, and A. C. Lackner III, 1992: A monthly precipitation amount climatology derived from published atlas maps: Development of a digital database. TDL Office Note 92-7, NOAA, 20 pp. [Available from TDL Office, NOAA, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910.]
8. Cressman, G. P., 1959: An operational objective analysis system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 87, 367-374.
9. Dettinger, M. D., D. R. Cayan, H. F. Diaz, and D. M. Meko, 1998: North-south precipitation patterns in western North America on interannual-to-decadal timescales. J. Climate, 11, 3095-3111.
10. Dole, R. M., and N. D. Gordon, 1983: Persistent anomalies of the extratropical Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation: Geographical distribution and regional persistence characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1567-1586.
11. Gershunov, A., 1998: ENSO influence on intraseasonal extreme rainfall and temperature frequencies in the contiguous United States: Implications for long-range predictability. J. Climate, 11, 3192-3203.
12. _, and T. Barnett, 1997: Long-range statistical forecasting of US continental hydrologic extremes. Proc. 22nd Annual Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop, Berkeley, CA, Climate Prediction Center, 363-366.
13. _, and _, 1998: ENSO influence on intraseasonal extreme rainfall and temperature frequencies in the contiguous United States: Observations and model results. J. Climate, 11, 1575-1586.
14. Glahn, H. R., T. L. Chambers, W. S. Richardson, and H. P. Perrotti, 1985: Objective map analysis for the local AFOS MOS program. NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS TDL 75, 34 pp. [Available from TDL Office, NOAA, U. S. Dept. of Commerce, 1325 East-West Hwy., Silver Spring, MD 20910.]
15. Higgins, R. W., and S. D. Schubert, 1996: Simulations of persistent North Pacific circulation anomalies and interhemispheric teleconnections. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 188-207.
16. _, and K. C. Mo, 1997: Persistent North Pacific circulation anomalies and the tropical intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 10, 223-244.
17. _, and W. Shi, 2000: Dominant factors responsible for interannual variability of the southwest monsoon. J. Climate, 13, 759-776.
18. _, J. E. Janowiak, and Y. Yao, 1996: A Gridded Hourly Precipitation Data Base for the United States (1963-1993). NCEP/ Climate Prediction Center Atlas 1, 47 pp.
19. _, K. C. Mo, and Y. Yao, 1998: Interannual variability of the United States summer precipitation regime with emphasis on the southwestern monsoon. J. Climate, 11, 2582-2606.
20. _, Y. Chen, and A. V. Douglas, 1999: Interannual variability of the North American warm season precipitation regime. J. Climate, 12, 653-680.
21. Hoskins, B. J., and D. J. Karoly, 1981: The steady linear response of a spherical atmosphere to thermal and orographic forcing. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1179-1196.
22. Kahya, E., and J. A. Dracup, 1994: The influence of type 1 El Niño and La Nina events on streamflows in the Pacific southwest of the United States. J. Climate, 7, 965-976.
23. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Re-analysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
24. Keyser, D., and M. A. Shapiro, 1986: A review of the structure and dynamics of upper-level frontal zones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 452-499.
25. Kiladis, G. N., and K. M. Weickman, 1992: Circulation anomalies associated with tropical convection during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1900-1923.
26. Knutson, T. R., and K. M. Weickmann, 1987: 30-60 day atmospheric oscillations: Composite life cycles of convection and circulation anomalies. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 1407-1436.
27. Kousky, V. E., and M. T. Kayano, 1994: Principal modes of outgoing longwave radiation and 250-mb circulation for the South American sector. J. Climate, 7, 1131-1143.
28. Latif, M., and T. P. Barnett, 1994: Causes of decadal climate variability over the North Pacific/North American sector. Science, 266, 634-637.
29. _, and _, 1996: Decadal climate variability over the North Pacific and North America: Dynamics and predictability. J. Climate, 9, 2407-2423.
30. Lau. K.-M., and P. H. Chan, 1985: Aspects of the 40-50 day oscillation during the northern winter as inferred from outgoing long-wave radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1889-1909.
31. Liebmann, B., 1987: Observed relationships between large-scale tropical convection and the tropical circulation on subseasonal time scales during Northern Hemisphere winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2543-2561.
32. _, and D. L. Hartmann, 1984: An observational study of tropical-midlatitude interaction on intraseasonal time scales during winter. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 3333-3350.
33. _, and C. A. Smith, 1996: Description of a complete (interpolated) outgoing longwave radiation data set. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 77, 1275-1277.
34. Livezey, R. E., and K. C. Mo, 1987: Tropical-extratropical teleconnections during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Part II: Relationships between monthly mean Northern Hemisphere circulation patterns and proxies for tropical convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 3115-3132.
35. Madden, R. A., and P. R. Julian, 1972: Description of global scale circulation cells in the Tropics with 40-50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109-1123.
36. Mo, K. C., and R. W. Higgins, 1998a: Tropical influences on California precipitation. J. Climate, 11, 412-430.
37. _, and _, 1998b: Tropical convection and precipitation regimes in the western United States. J. Climate, 11, 2404-2423.
38. _, J. N. Paegle, and R. W. Higgins, 1997: Atmospheric processes associated with summer floods and droughts in the central United States. J. Climate, 10, 3028-3046.
39. NOAA. 1997a: Billion dollar U.S. weather disasters (1980-1987). U.S. Department of Commerce, National Climatic Data Center, 4 pp. [Available from the National Climatic Data Center, Research and Customer Service Group, Asheville, NC 28801.]
40. NOAA, 1997b: Climate Diagnostics Bulletin. Vol. 97, No. 3, U.S. Department of Commerce, 81 pp. [Available from Climate Prediction Center. W/NP52, World Weather Building, Rm. 605, 4700 Silver Hill Road, Stop 9910, Washington, DC 270233-9910.]
41. Opsteegh, J. D., and H. M. van den Dool, 1980: Seasonal differences in the stationary response of a linearized primitive equation model: Prospects for long range weather forecasting? J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2169-2185.
42. Papoulis, A., 1973: Minimum bias windows for high resolution spectral estimates. JEEE Trans. Info. Theory, 19, 9-12.
43. Park, C. K., D. M. Straus, and K. M. Lau, 1990: An evaluation of the structure of tropical intraseasonal oscillations in three general circulation models. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 68, 403-417.
44. Rasmusson, E. M., and T. H. Carpenter, 1982: Variations in tropical sea surface temperature and surface wind fields associated with the Southern Oscillation/El Niño. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110, 354-384.
45. _, and K. C. Mo, 1993: Linkages between 200 mb tropical and extratropical circulation anomalies during the 1986-1989 ENSO cycle. j. Climate, 6, 595-616.
46. Ropelewski, C. E, and M. S. Halpert. 1986: North American precipitation and temperature patterns associated with El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 2352-2362.
47. _, and _, 1996: Quantifying southern oscillation-precipitation relationships. J. Climate, 9, 1043-1059.
48. _, J. E. Janowiak, and M. S. Halpert, 1985: The analysis and display of real time surface climate data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 1101-1106.
49. Sardeshmukh, P. D., and B. J. Hoskins, 1988: The generation of global rotational flow by steady idealized tropical divergence. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1228-1251.
50. Schonher, T., and S. E. Nicholson, 1989: The relationship between California rainfall and ENSO events. J. Climate, 2, 1258-1269,
51. Slingo, J., and Coauthors, 1995: Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: Results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject. World Climate Research Program Tech. Memo. 88, 28 pp. [Available from the WMO, Case Postale No. 2300, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.]
52. Smith, T. M., R. W. Reynolds, R. E. Livezey, and D. C. Stokes, 1996: Reconstruction of historical sea surface temperatures using empiracle orthogonal functions. J. Climate, 9, 1403-1420.
53. Wallace, J. M., and D. S. Gutzler, 1981: Teleconnexions in the geo-potential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 784-812.
54. Webster, P. J., 1981: Mechanisms determining the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 554-571.
55. Weickmann, K. M., G. R. Lussky, and J. Kutzbach. 1985: Intraseasonal (30-60 day) fluctuations of outgoing longwave radiation and 250 mb streamfunction during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 941-961.
56. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1996: Analyses of global monthly precipitation using gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model predictions. J. Climate, 9, 840-858.
57. _, and _, 1998: Global monthly precipitation estimates from satellite-observed outgoing longwave radiation. J. Climate, 11, 137-164.