High power terahertz and millimeter-wave oscillator design: A systematic approach

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

Volumn 46, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 583-597

  Momeni, Omeed ^a   Afshari, Ehsan ^a  

^a School of Operations Research and Industrial Engineering   (United States)

Author keywords

Activity condition; CMOS; harmonic generation; maximum oscillation frequency; millimeter wave; oscillator; ring oscillator; sub millimeter wave; terahertz; triple push

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY CONDITION; CMOS; MAXIMUM OSCILLATION FREQUENCY; OSCILLATOR; RING OSCILLATOR; SUBMILLIMETERS; TERA HERTZ; TRIPLE-PUSH;

BANDPASS FILTERS; CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; ELECTRIC NETWORK TOPOLOGY; HARMONIC GENERATION; MILLIMETER WAVE DEVICES; MILLIMETER WAVES; TERAHERTZ WAVES;

OSCILLATORS (ELECTRONIC);

EID: 79952068808     PISSN: 00189200     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2011.2104553     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. P. H. Siegel, "Terahertz technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 910-928, Mar. 2002. (Pubitemid 34255210)
2. E. Seok, D. Shim, C. Mao, R. Han, S. Sankaran, C. Cao, W. Knap, and K. O. Kenneth, "Progress and challenges towards terahertz CMOS integrated circuits," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1554-1564, Aug. 2010.
3. I. Gresham, A. Jenkins, R. Egri, C. Eswarappa, N. Kinayman, N. Jain, R. Anderson, F. Kolak, R. Wohlert, S. P. Bawell, J. Bennett, and J. P. Lanteri, "Ultra-wideband radar sensors for short-range vehicular applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 2105-2122, Sep. 2004.
4. I. I. Immoreev and P. G. S. D. V. Fedotov, "Ultra wideband radar systems: Advantages and disadvantages," in IEEE Conf. Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies, May 21-23, 2002, pp. 201-205.
5. P. H. Siegel, "Terahertz technology in biology and medicine," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 2438-2447, Oct. 2004.
6. O. Momeni and E. Afshari, "Electrical prism: A high quality factor filter for millimeter-wave and terahertz frequencies," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 11, pp. 2790-2799, Nov. 2009.
7. K. B. Cooper, R. J. Dengler, G. Chattopadhyay, E. Schlecht, J. Gill, A. Skalare, I. Mehdi, and P. H. Siegel, "A high-resolution imaging radar at 580 GHz," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 64-66, Jan. 2008.
8. M. Tonouchi, "Cutting-edge terahertz technology," Nature Photonics, vol. 1, pp. 97-105, Feb. 2007.
9. T. W. Crowe, W. L. Bishop, D. W. Porterfield, J. L. Hesler, and R. M. Weikle, "Opening the terahertz window with integrated diode circuits," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 10, pp. 2104-2110, Oct. 2005.
10. F. C. De Lucia, D. T. Petkie, and H. O. Everitt, "A double resonance approach to submillimeter/terahertz remote sensing at atmospheric pressure," IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 163-170, Feb. 2009.
11. K. B. Cooper, R. J. Dengler, N. Llombart, T. Bryllert, G. Chattopadhyay, E. Schlecht, J. Gill, C. Lee, A. Skalare, I. Mehdi, and P. H. Siegel, "Penetrating 3-D imaging at 4- and 25-m range using a submillimeter- wave radar," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 2771-2778, Dec. 2008.
12. M. Seo, M. Urteaga, A. Young, V. Jain, Z. Griffith, J. Hacker, P. Rowell, R. Pierson, and M. Rodwell, "μ300 GHz fixed-frequency and voltage-controlled fundamental oscillators in an InP DHBT process," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., May 2010, pp. 272-275.
13. V. Radisic, X. Mei, W. Deal, W. Yoshida, P. Liu, J. Uyeda, M. Barsky, L. Samoska, A. Fung, T. Gaier, and R. Lai, "Demonstration of sub-millimeter wave fundamental oscillators using 35-nm InP HEMT technology," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 223-225, Mar. 2007. (Pubitemid 46393358)
14. V. Radisic, D. Sawdai, D. Scott, W. Deal, L. Dang, D. Li, J. Chen, A. Fung, L. Samoska, T. Gaier, and R. Lai, "Demonstration of a 311-GHz fundamental oscillator using InP HBT technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 2329-2335, Nov. 2007.
15. V. Radisic, L. Samoska, W. Deal, X. Mei, W.Yoshida, P. Liu, J. Uyeda, A. Fung, T. Gaier, and R. Lai, "A 330-GHz MMIC oscillator module," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Jun. 2008, pp. 395-398.
16. Z. Lao, J. Jensen, K. Guinn, and M. Sokolich, "80-GHz differential VCO in InP SHBTs," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 407-409, Sep. 2004.
17. Q. J. Gu, Z. Xu, H.-Y. Jian, X. Xu, M. F. Chang, W. Liu, and H. Fetterman, "Generating terahertz signals in 65nm CMOS with negative- resistance resonator boosting and selective harmonic suppression," in IEEE Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig., Jun. 2010, pp. 109-110.
18. B. Razavi, "A 300-GHz fundamental oscillator in 65-nm CMOS technology," in IEEE Symp. VLSI Circuits Dig., Jun. 2010, pp. 113-114.
19. D. Huang, T. R. LaRocca, M. C. F. Chang, L. Samoska, A. Fung, R. L. Campbell, and M. Andrews, "Terahertz CMOS frequency generator using linear superposition technique," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2730-2738, Dec. 2008.
20. E. Seok and K. K. O, "A 410 GHz CMOS push-push oscillator with an on-chip patch antenna," in 2008 IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2008, pp. 472-473.
21. B. Razavi, "A millimeter-wave circuit technique," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 2090-2098, Sep. 2008.
22. B. Heydari, M. Bohsali, E. Adabi, and A. Niknejad, "Millimeter-wave devices and circuit blocks up to 104 GHz in 90 nm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 2893-2903, Dec. 2007.
23. E. Laskin, P. Chevalier, A. Chantre, B. Sautreuil, and S. Voinigescu, "165-GHz transceiver in SiGe technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 1087-1100, May 2008. (Pubitemid 351596340)
24. S. Nicolson, K. Yau, P. Chevalier, A. Chantre, B. Sautreuil, K. Tang, and S. Voinigescu, "Design and scaling of W-band SiGe BiCMOS VCOs," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1821-1833, Sep. 2007.
25. R. Wanner, R. Lachner, and G. Olbrich, "A monolithically integrated 190-GHz SiGe push-push oscillator," IEEE Microw.Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 862-864, Dec. 2005. (Pubitemid 43060468)
26. S. Trotta, H. Knapp, K. Aufinger, T. Meister, J. Bock, W. Simburger, and A. Scholtz, "A fundamental VCO with integrated output buffer beyond 120 GHz in SiGe bipolar technology," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Jun. 2007, pp. 645-648. (Pubitemid 47486082)
27. R. Spence, Linear Active Networks. New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1970.
28. C. Doan, S. Emami, A. Niknejad, and R. Brodersen, "Millimeter-wave CMOS design," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 144-155, Jan. 2005.
29. Y.-L. Tang and H. Wang, "Triple-push oscillator approach: Theory and experiments," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 1472-1479, Oct. 2001. (Pubitemid 32992843)
30. C.-C. Chen, C.-C. Li, B.-J. Huang, K.-Y. Lin, H.-W. Tsao, and H. Wang, "Ring-based triple-push VCOs with wide continuous tuning ranges," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 9, pp. 2173-2183, Sep. 2009.
31. S. Mason, "Power gain in feedback amplifier," IRE Trans. Circuit Theory, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 20-25, Jun. 1954.
32. M. Gupta, "Power gain in feedback amplifiers, a classic revisited," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 864-879, May 1992.
33. P. Drouilhet, "Predictions based on maximum oscillator frequency," IRE Trans. Circuit Theory, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 178-183, Jun. 1955.
34. E. S. Kuh and R. A. Rohrer, Theory of Linear Active Networks. New York: Holden-Day, 1967.
35. J. Savoj and B. Razavi, "A 10-Gb/s CMOS clock and data recovery circuit with a half-rate binary phase/frequency detector," IEEE J. Solid- State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 13-21, Jan. 2003.
36. C. Cao, E. Seok, and K. O, "192 GHz push-push VCO in 0.13 μm CMOS," Electron. Lett., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 208-210, Feb. 2006. (Pubitemid 43263026)
37. C. Cao and K. O, "A 140-GHz fundamental mode voltage-controlled oscillator in 90-nm CMOS technology," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 555-557, Oct. 2006.
38. K. Kurokawa, "Power waves and the scattering matrix," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 194-202, Mar. 1965.
39. R. Wanner, R. Lachner, G. Olbrich, and P. Russer, "A SiGe monolithically integrated 278 GHz push-push oscillator," in IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., Jun. 2007, pp. 333-336. (Pubitemid 47486011)