A translational research framework for enhanced validity of mouse models of psychopathological states in depression

Psychoneuroendocrinology

Volumn 36, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 308-329

  Pryce, Christopher R ^a   Seifritz, Erich ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF PSYCHIATRY   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Endophenotype; Environment gene; Major depressive disorder; Molecular target; Neuropsychology; State marker; Stress; Translational research

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT;

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR; ARTICLE; AVERSION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONSTRUCT VALIDITY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DYSTHYMIA; EMOTIONAL DISORDER; ESCAPE BEHAVIOR; FACE VALIDITY; FATIGUE; FOOTSHOCK; FORCED CHOICE METHOD; FORCED SWIMMING TEST; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC MANIPULATION; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENOTYPE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION; HUMAN; INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING; LEARNED HELPLESSNESS; LIFE STRESS; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENTAL HEALTH; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; NEGATIVE FEEDBACK; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NONHUMAN; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PERSONALIZED MEDICINE; PHENOTYPE; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REINFORCEMENT; REWARD; STIMULUS RESPONSE; SYMPTOM; TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH; VALIDATION STUDY;

ANIMALS; DEPRESSION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; ENDOPHENOTYPES; HUMANS; MICE; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; TRANSLATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH; VALIDATION STUDIES AS TOPIC;

EID: 79951945527     PISSN: 03064530     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.05.003     Document Type: Article

References (121)

1. Agid O., Kohn Y., Lerer B. Environmental stress and psychiatric illness. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2000, 54:135-141.
2. Amat J., Baratta M.V., Paul E., Bland S.T., Watkins L.R., Maier S.F. Medial prefrontal cortex determines how stressor controllability affects behavior and dorsal raphe nucleus. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:365-371.
3. Anisman H., deCatanzaro D., Remington G. Escape performance following exposure to inescapable shock: deficits in motor response maintenance. J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Proc. 1978, 4:197-218.
4. Anisman H., Merali Z. Rodent models of depression: learned helplessness induced in mice. Curr. Prot. Neurosci. Behavioral. Neurosci. 2001, 8(Supplement 14). 8.10C.1-8.10C.15.
5. Bach, D.R., Pryce, C.R., Seifritz, E. The experimental manipulation of uncertainty. Handbook of Neuromethods. Humana Press, in press.
6. Bari A., Theobald D.E., Caprioloi D., Mar A.C., Aidoo-Micah A., Dalley J.W., Robbins T.W. Serotonin modulates sensitivity to reward and negative feedback in a probabilistic reversal learning task in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35:1290-1301.
7. Barr C.S., Newman T.K., Schwandt M., Shannon C., Dvoskin R.L., Lindell S.G., Taubman J., Thompson B.M., Champoux M., Lesch K.-P., Goldman D., Suomi S.J., Higley J.D. Sexual dichotomy of an interaction between early adversity and the serotonin transporter gene promoter variant in rhesus macaques. PNAS 2004, 101:12358-12363.
8. Beck A.T., Ward C.H., Mendelson M., Mock J., Erbaugh J. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1961, 4:561-571.
9. Beck A.T., Weissman A., Lester D., Trexler L. The measurement of pessimism: the hopelessness scale. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 1974, 42:861-865.
10. Bengel D., Murphy D.L., Andrews A.M., Wichems C.H., Feltner D., Heils A., Mössner R., Westphal H., Lesch K.-P. Altered brain serotonin homeostasis and locomotor insensitivity to 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (" ecstasy" ) in serotonin transporter-deficient mice. JPET 1998, 53:649-655.
11. Berridge K.C., Robinson T.E. Parsing reward. TINS 2003, 26:507-513.
12. Berton O., Covington H.E., Ebner K., Tsankova N.M., Carle T.L., Ulery P., Bhonsle A., Barrot M., Krishnan V., Singewald G.M., Singewald N., Birnbaum S., Neve R.L., Nestler E.J. Induction of FosB in the periaqueductal gray by stress promotes active coping responses. Neuron 2007, 55:289-300.
13. Blanchard D.C., Griebel G., Blanchard R.J. Mouse defensive behaviors: pharmacological and behavioral assays for anxiety and panic. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2001, 25:205-218.
14. Bolz J., Giedke H. Controllability of an aversive stimulus in depressed patients and healthy controls: a study using slow brain potentials. Biol. Psychiatry 1981, 16:441-452.
15. Bornstein S.R., Schuppenies A., Wong M.-L., Licinio J. Approaching the shared biology of obesity and depression: the stress axis as the locus of gene-environment interactions. Mol. Psychiatry 2006, 11:892-902.
16. Brown G.W., Harris T.O., Hepworth C. Loss, humiliation and entrapment among women developing depression: a patient and non-patient comparison. Psychol. Med. 1995, 25:7-21.
17. Canli T., Lesch K.-P. Long story short: the serotonin transporter in emotion regulation and social cognition. Nat. Neurosci. 2007, 10:1103-1109.
18. Carola V., Frazzetto G., Pascucci T., Audero E., Puglisi-Allegra S., Cabib S., Lesch K.-P., Gross C. Identifying molecular substrates in a mouse model of the serotonin transporter×environment risk factor for anxiety and depression. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 63:840-846.
19. Carroll J.C., Boyce-Rustay J.M., Millstein R., Yang R.J., Wiedholz L.M., Murphy D.L., Holmes A. Effects of mild early life stress on abnormal emotion-related behaviors in 5-HTT knockout mice. Behav. Genet. 2007, 37:214-222.
20. Caspi A., Sugden K., Moffitt T.E., Taylor A., Craig I.W., Honalee H., McClay J., Mill J., Martin J.B., Braithwaite A., Poulton R. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003, 301:386-389.
21. Caspi A., Moffitt T.E. Gene-environment interactions in psychiatry: joining forces with neuroscience. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7:583-590.
22. Cervilla J.A., Molina E., Rivera M., Torres-Gonzalez F., Bellon J.A., Moreno B., Luna J.D., Lorente J.A., Mayoral F., King M., Nazareth I., Gutierrez B. The risk for depression conferred by stressful life events is modified by variation at the serotonin transporter 5HTTLPR genotype: evidence from the Spanish PREDICT-Gene cohort. Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12:748-755. PREDICT Study Core Group, t.,.
23. Connolly A.M., Keeling R.M., Mehta S., Pestronk A., Sanes J.R. Three mouse models of muscular dystrophy: the natural hsitory of strength and fatigue in dystrophin-, dystrophin/utrophin-, and laminin a2-deficient mice. Neuromuscul. Disord. 2001, 11:703-712.
24. Cools R., Clark L., Owen A.M., Robbins T.W. Defining the neural mechanisms of probabilistic reversal learning using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:4563-4567.
25. Cools R., Roberts A.C., Robbins T.W. Serotonergic regulation of emotional and behavioural control processes. Trends Cogn. Sci. 2007, 12:31-40.
26. Cryan J.F., Mombereau C., Vassout A. The tail suspension test as a model for assessing antidepressant activity: review of pharmacological and genetic studies in mice. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:571-625.
27. Cryan J.F., Valentino R.J., Lucki I. Assessing substrates underlying the behavioral effects of antidepressants using the modified rat forced swimming test. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:547-569.
28. Davey G. Animal Learning and Conditioning 1981, Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK.
29. Demyttenaere K., De Fruyt J., Stahl S.M. The many faces of fatigue in major depressive disorder. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005, 8:93-105.
30. Diener C., Kuehner C., Brusniak W., Struve M., Flor H. Effects of stressor controllability on psychophysiological, cognitive and behavioural responses in patients with major depression and dysthymia. Psychol. Med. 2009, 39:77-86.
31. DSM-IV, 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC.
32. Duman R.S., Heninger G., Nestler E. A molecular and cellular theory of depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1997, 54:597-606.
33. Elliott R., Sahakian B., McKay A.P., Herrod J.J., Robbins T.W., Paykel E.S. Neuropsychological impairments in unipolar deepression: the influence of perceived failure on subsequent performance. Psychol. Med. 1996, 26:975-989.
34. Elliott R., Rubinsztein J.S., Sahakian B.J., Dolan R.J. The neural basis of mood-congruent processing biases in depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2002, 59:597-604.
35. Emerson C.S., Harrison D.W., Everhart D.E., Williamson J.B. Grip strength assymetry in depressed boys. Neuropsychiatr. Neuropsychol. Behav. Neurol. 2001, 14:130-134.
36. Fournier J.C., DeRubeis R.J., Hollon S.D., Dimidjan S., Amsterdam J.D., Shelton R.C., Fawcett J. Antidepressant drug effects and depression severity: a patient-level meta-analysis. JAMA 2010, 303:47-53.
37. Fu C.H., Williams S.C.R., Cleare A.J., Brammer M.J., Walsh N.D., Kim J., Andrew C.M., Merlo-Pich E., Williams P.M., Suckling J., Bullmore E.T. Attenuation of the neural response to sad faces in major depression by antidepressant treatment: a prospective event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2004, 61:877-889.
38. Gotlib I.H., Krasnoperova E. Biased information processing as a vulnerability factor in depression. Behav. Ther. 1998, 29:603-617.
39. Gottesman I.I., Shields J. Genetic theorizing and schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry 1973, 122:15-30.
40. Gottesman I.I., Gould T.D. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am. J. Psychiatry 2003, 160:636-645.
41. Gourley S.L., Wu F.J., Kiraly D.D., Ploski J.E., Kedves A.T., Duman R.S., Taylor J.R. Regionally specific regulation of ERK MAP kinase in a model of antidepressant-sensitive chronic depression. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 63:353-359.
42. Hamilton M. A rating scale for depression. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 1960, 23:56-62.
43. Harding E.J., Paul E.S., Mendl M. Cognitive bias and affective state. Nature 2004, 427:312.
44. Henriques J.B., Davidson R.J. Decreased responsiveness to reward in depression. Cognit. Emotion 2000, 14:711-724.
45. Herry C., Bach D.R., Esposito F., Di Salle F., Perrig W.J., Scheffler K., Luthi A., Seifritz E. Processing of temporal unpredictability in human and animal amygdala. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:5958-5966.
46. Herry C., Ciocchi S., Senn V., Demmou L., Muller C., Luthi A. Switching on and off fear by distinct neuronal circuits. Nature 2008, 454:600-606.
47. Hokanson J.E., Sacco W. Subjective feelings and vascular responses in reaction to reduced control over aversiveness. Percept. Mot. Skills 1976, 43:451-458.
48. Holmes A., Yang R.J., Lesch K.-P., Crawley J.N., Murphy D.L. Mice lacking the serotonin transporter exhibit 5HT1A receptor-mediated abnormalities in anxiety-like and exploratory behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003, 28:2077-2088.
49. Hyman S.E. Can neuroscience be integrated into the DSM-V? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:725-732.
50. ICD-10, 1994. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. 10th Revision.
51. Jacobs N., Kenis G., Peeters F., DErom C., Vlietnick R., van Os J. Stress-related negative affectivity and genetically altered serotonin transporter function. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2006, 63:989-996.
52. Jackson R.L., Maier S.F., Rapaport P.M. Exposure to inescapable shock produces both activity and associative deficits in the rat. Learn Motiv. 1978, 9:69-98.
53. Joorman J., Gotlib I.H. Is this happiness I see? Biases in the identification of emotional facial expressions in depression and social phobia. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2006, 115:705-714.
54. Keller M.C., Neale M.C., Kendler K.S. Association of different adverse life events with distinct patterns of depressive symptoms. Am. J. Psychiatry 2007, 164:1521-1529.
55. Kendler K.S., Gardner C.O., Prescott C.A. Toward a comprehensive development model for major depression in women. Am. J. Psychiatry 2002, 159:1133-1145.
56. Kessler R.C., Chiu W.T., Demler O., Walters E.E. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survery Replication. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2005, 62:617-627.
57. Kirsch I., Deacon B.J., Huedo-Medina T.B., Scoboria A., Moore T.J., Johnson B.T. Initial severity and antidepressant benefits: a meta-analysis of data submitted to the food and drug administration. PLoS Med. 2008, 5:e45.
58. Kirschbaum C., Pirke K.-M., Hellhammer D.H. The 'Trier Social Stress Test' - a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology 1993, 28:76-81.
59. Krishnan V., Han M.-H., Graham D.L., Berton O., Renthal W., Russo S.J., LaPlant Q., Graham A., Lutter M., Lagace D.C., Ghose S., Reister R.P., Tannous T.A., Green R.L., Neve S., Chakravarty A.A.J., Kumar E., Self D.W., Lee F.S., Tamminga C.A., Cooper D.C., Gershenfeld H.K., Nestler E.J. Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions. Cell 2007, 131:391-404.
60. Lang P.J., Bradley M.M., Cuthbert B.N. The International Affective Picture System: Technical Manual and Affective Ratings 1997, The Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
61. LeDoux J.E. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 23:155-184.
62. Lesch K.-P., Bengel D., Heils A., Sabol S.Z., Greenberg B.D., Petri S., Benjamin J., Müller C.R., Hamer D.H., Murphy D.L. Assosication of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 1996, 274:1527-1531.
63. Leventopoulos M., Russig H., Feldon J., Pryce C.R., Opacka-Juffry J. Early deprivation leads to long-term reductions in motivation for reward and 5HT1A binding and both effects are reversed by fluoxetine. Neuropharmacology 2009, 56:692-701.
64. Levinson D.F. The genetics of depression: a review. Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 60:84-92.
65. Lopez-Leon S., Janssens A.C.J.W., Gonsalez-Zuleoeta Ladd A.M., Del-Favero J., Claes S.J., Oostra B.A., van Duijn C.M. Meta-analyses of genetic studies on major depressive disorder. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13:772-785.
66. MacLeod A.K., Byrne A. Anxiety, depression, and the anticipation of future positive and negative experience. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 1996, 105:286-289.
67. Maes J.H.R., Damen M.D.C., Eling P.A.T.M. More learned irrelevance than perseveration errors in rule shifting in healthy subjects. Brain Cogn. 2004, 54:201-211.
68. Maier S.F., Seligman M.E.P. Learned helplessness: theory and evidence. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 1976, 105:3-46.
69. Manji H.K., Drevets W.C., Charney D.S. The cellular neurobiology of depression. Nat. Med. 2001, 7:541-547.
70. Markou A., Chiamulera C., Geyer M.A., Tricklebank M., Steckler T. Removing obstacles in neuroscience drug discovery: the future path for animal models. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34:74-89.
71. Matthews T.A., Fedele D.E., Coppelli F.M., Avila A.M., Murphy D.L., Andrews A.M. Gene dose-dependent alterations in extraneuronal serotonin but not dopamine in mice with reduced serotonin transporter expression. J. Neurosci. Methods 2004, 140:169-181.
72. Michopoulos I., Zervas I.M., Papakosta V.M., Tsaltas E., Papageorgiou C., Manessi T., Papakostas Y.G., Lykouras L., Soldatas C.R. Set shifting deficits in melancholic vs. non-melancholic depression: preliminary findings. Eur. Psychiatry 2006, 21:361-363.
73. Mill J., Asherson P., Browes C., D'Souza U., Craig I. Expression of the dopamine transporter gene is regulated by the 3' UTR VNTR: evidence from brain and lymphocytes using quantitative RT-PCR. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 2002, 114:975-979.
74. Mill J., Petronis A. Molecular studies of major depressive disorder: the epigenetic perspective. Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12:799-814.
75. Mitterschiffthaler M.T., Kumari V., Malhi G.S., Brown R.G., Giampietro V.P., Brammer M.J., Suckling J., Poon L., Simmons A., Andrew C., Sharma T. Neural response to pleasant stimuli in anhedonia: an fMRI study. Neuroreport 2002, 14:177-182.
76. Monleon S., D'Aquila P., Parra A., Simon V.M., Brain P.F., Willner P. Attenuation of sucrose consumption in mice by chronic mild stress and its restoration by imipramine. Psychopharmacology 1984, 117:453-457.
77. Monroe S.M., Reid M.W. Gene-environment interactions in depression research: genetic polymorphisms and life-stress polyprocedures. Psychol. Sci. 2008, 19:947-956.
78. Moreau J.L., Jenck F., Martin R.J. Simulation of a core symptom of human depression in rats. Curr. Top. Pharmacol. 1998, 4:37-50.
79. Mott A.M., Nunes E.J., Collins L.E., Port R.G., Sink K.S., Hockemeyer J., Müller C.E., Salamone J.D. The adenosine A2A antagonist MSX-3 reverses the effects of the dopamine antagonist haloperidol on effort-related decision making in a T-maze cost/benefit procedure. Psychopharmacology 2009, 204:103-112.
80. Müller N., Schwarz M.J. The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: towards an integrated view of depression. Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12:988-1000.
81. Munafo M.R., Durrant C., Lewis G., Flint J. Gene×environment interactions at the serotonin transporter locus. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 65:211-219.
82. Murphy D.L., Lesch K.-P. Targeting the murine serotonin transporter: insights into human neurobiology. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2008, 9:85-96.
83. Murray C.J., Lopez A.D. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 1997, 349:1436-1442.
84. Nestler E.J. Epigenetic mechanisms in psychiatry. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 65:189-190.
85. Nowicki S., Carton J. The measurement of emotional intensity from facial expressions. J. Soc. Psychol. 1992, 133:749-750.
86. O'Connell H., Coen R., Kidd N., Warsi M., Chin A.V., Lawlor B.A. Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the CANTAB paired associates learning test. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2004, 19:1207-1208.
87. Paul E.S., Harding E.J., Mendl M. Measuring emotional processes in animals: the utility of a cognitive approach. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2005, 29:469-491.
88. Perona M.T.G., Waters S., Hall F.S., Sora I., Lesch K.-P., Murphy D.L., Caron M., Uhl G.R. Animal models of depression in dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine transporter knockout mice: prominent effects of dopamine transporter deletions. Behav. Pharmacol. 2008, 19:566-574.
89. Pezawas L., Meyer-Lindenberg A., Drabant E.M., Verchinski B.A., Munoz K.E., Kolachana B.S., Egan M.F., Mattay V.S., Hariri A.R., Weinberger D.R. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism impacts human cingulate-amygdala interactions: a genetic susceptibility mechanism for depression. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:828-834.
90. Pletscher A. The discovery of antidepressants: a winding path. Experentia 1991, 47:4-8.
91. Porsolt R.D., Le Pichon M., Jalfre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature 1977, 266:730-732.
92. Porsolt R.D. Animal models of depression: utility for transgenic research. Rev. Neurosci. 2000, 11:53-58.
93. Refojo D., Echenique C., Muller M.B., Reul J.M.H.M., Deussing J.M., Wurst W., Sillaber I., Paez-Pereda M., Holsboer F., Arzt E. Corticotropin-releasing hormone activates ERK1/2 MAPK in specific brain areas. PNAS 2005, 102:6183-6188.
94. Ressler K.J., Bradley B., Mercer K.B., Deveau T.C., Smith A.K., Gillespie C.F., Nemeroff C.B., Cubells J.F., Binder E.B. Polymorphisms in CRHR1 and the serotonin transporter loci: gene×gene×environment interactions on depressive symptoms. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2010, 153B:812-824.
95. Risch N., Herrell R., Lehner T., Liang K.-Y., Eaves L., Hoh J., Greim A., Kovacs M., Ott J., Merikangas K.R. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression. JAMA 2009, 301:2462-2471.
96. Robbins T.W. Controlling stress: how the brain protects itself from depression. Nat. Neurosci. 2005, 8:261-262.
97. Rolls E.T. Precis of the brain and emotion. Behav. Brain Sci. 2000, 23:177-234.
98. Rudin M. Noninvasive structural, functional, and molecular imaging in drug development. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 2009, 13:1-12.
99. Ruedi-Bettschen D., Pedersen E.-M., Feldon J., Pryce C.R. Early deprivation under specific conditions leads to reduced interest in reward in adulthood in Wistar rats. Behav. Brain Res. 2005, 156:297-310.
100. Ruedi-Bettschen D., Zhang W., Russig H., Ferger B., Weston A., Pedersen E.-M., Feldon J., Pryce C.R. Early deprivation leads to altered behavioural, autonomic and endocrine responses to environmental challenge in adult Fischer rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2006, 24:2879-2893.
101. Schmidt M.V., Sterlemann V., Ganea K., Liebl C., Alam S., Harbich D., Greetfeld M., Uhr M., Holsboer F., Müller M.B. Persistent neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of a novel, etiologically relevant mouse paradigm for chronic social stress during adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007, 32:417-429.
102. Schmidt M.V., Scharf S.H., Sterlemann V., Ganea K., Liebl C., Holsboer F., Müller M.B. High susceptibility to chronic social stress is associated with a depression-like phenotype. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2010, 35:635-643.
103. Seligman M.E.P., Maier S.F., Solomon R.L. Unpredictable and uncontrollable aversive events. Aversive Conditioning and Learning 1971, 347-400. Academic Press, New York. F.R. Black (Ed.).
104. Seregeyev V., Fetissov S., Mathé A.A., Jimenez P.A., Bartfai T., Mortas P., Gaudet L., Moreau J.-L., Hökfelt T. Neuropeptide expression in rats exposed to chronic mild stress. Psychopharmacology 2005, 178:115-124.
105. Sheline Y.I., Barch D.M., Donnelly J.M., Ollinger J.M., Snyder A.Z., Mintun M.A. Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in depressed subjects resolves with antidepressant treatment: an fMRI study. Biol. Psychiatry 2001, 50:651-658.
106. Sloan D.M., Strauss M.E., Wisner K.L. Diminshed response to pleasant stimuli by depressed women. J. Abnorm. Psychol. 2001, 110:488-493.
107. Sterlemann V., Ganea K., Liebl C., Harbich D., Alam S., Holsboer F., Muller M.B., Schmidt M.V. Long-term behavioral and neuroendocrine alterations following chronic social stress in mice: implications for stress-related disorders. Horm. Behav. 2008, 53:386-394.
108. Strigo I.A., Simmons A.N., Matthews S.C., Craig A.D., Paulus M.P. Association of major depressive disorder with altered functional brain response during anticipation and processing of heat pain. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2008, 65:1275-1284.
109. Sullivan P.F., Neale M.C., Kendler K.S. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Psychiatry 2000, 157:1552-1562.
110. Taylor Tavares J.V., Clark L., Furey M.L., Williams G.B., Sahakian B., Drevets W.C. Neural basis of abnormal response to negative feedback in unmedicated mood disorders. NeuroImage 2008, 42:1118-1126.
111. Todorovic C., Sherrin T., Pitts M., Hippel C., Rayner M., Spiess J. Suppression of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway reverses depression-like behaviors of CRF2-deficient mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34:1416-1426.
112. Tsankova N.M., Renthal W., Kumar A., Nestler E.J. Epigenetic regulation in psychiatric disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:355-367.
113. Van Praag H.M. Over the mainstream: diagnostic requirements for biological psychiatric research. Psychiatry Res. 1997, 72:201-212.
114. van Praag H.M., de Kloet E.R., van Os J. Stress, the Brain and Depression 2004, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
115. Vasic N., Walter H., Hose A., Wolf R.C. Gray matter reduction associated with psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression: a voxel-based morphometry study. J. Affect Disord. 2008, 109:107-116.
116. Walters J.T.R., Owen M.J. Endophenotypes in psychiatric genetics (Editorial). Mol. Psychiatry 2007, 12:886-890.
117. Weiss J.M. Effects of coping behavior in different warning signal conditions on stress pathology in rats. J. Comp. Physiol. 1971, 77:1-13.
118. Willner P. The validity of animal models of depression. Psychopharmacology 1984, 83:1-16.
119. Willner P. Validity, reliability and utility of the chronic mild stress model of depression: a 10-year review and evaluation. Psychopharmacology 1997, 134:319-329.
120. Willner P., Mitchell P.J. The validity of animal models of predisposition to depression. Behav. Pharmacol. 2002, 13:169-188.
121. Wright W.F., Bower G.H. Mood effects on subjective probability assessment. Org. Behav. Hum. Decis. Proc. 1992, 52:276-291.