메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 2-8

Enteral nutrition in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: Reasons for intolerance and medical management

Author keywords

enteral nutrition; intolerance; management; reasons; Severe traumatic brain injury

Indexed keywords

ALVIMOPAN; CISAPRIDE; ERYTHROMYCIN; GHRELIN; GLUCOSE; METOCLOPRAMIDE; NALOXONE; PROBIOTIC AGENT;

EID: 79951719231     PISSN: 02688697     EISSN: 1360046X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/02688697.2010.522745     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (45)

References (76)
  • 1
  • 2
    • 75449097041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic response and nutritional support in traumatic brain injury: Evidence for resistance to renutrition
    • Charrueau C, Belabed L, Besson V, Chaumeil JC, Cynober L, Moinard C. Metabolic response and nutritional support in traumatic brain injury: evidence for resistance to renutrition. J Neurotrauma 2009;26(11):1911-20.
    • (2009) J Neurotrauma , vol.26 , Issue.11 , pp. 1911-1920
    • Charrueau, C.1    Belabed, L.2    Besson, V.3    Chaumeil, J.C.4    Cynober, L.5    Moinard, C.6
  • 3
    • 33744789240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and nutrition in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
    • DOI 10.1080/02699050500487571, PII H13320217841645
    • Krakau K, Omne-Ponten M, Karlsson T, Borg J. Metabolism and nutrition in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2006;20(4):345-67. (Pubitemid 43832362)
    • (2006) Brain Injury , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-367
    • Krakau, K.1    Omne-Ponten, M.2    Karlsson, T.3    Borg, J.4
  • 5
    • 46449088820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of early nutrition on deaths due to severe traumatic brain injury
    • DOI 10.3171/JNS/2008/109/7/0050
    • Härtl R, Gerber LM, Ni Q, Ghajar J. Effect of early nutrition on deaths due to severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2008;109(1):50-6. (Pubitemid 351930521)
    • (2008) Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.109 , Issue.1 , pp. 50-56
    • Hartl, R.1    Gerber, L.M.2    Ni, Q.3    Ghajar, J.4
  • 7
    • 65449131184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)
    • McClave SA, Martindale RG, Vanek VW, et al. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009;33(3):277-316.
    • (2009) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 277-316
    • McClave, S.A.1    Martindale, R.G.2    Vanek, V.W.3
  • 8
    • 0029162524 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying following brain injury: Effects of choice of sedation and intracranial pressure
    • McArthur CJ, Gin T, McLaren IM, Critchley J, Oh TE. Gastric emptying following brain injury: effects of choice of sedation and intracranial pressure. Intensive Care Med 1995;21(7):573-6.
    • (1995) Intensive Care Med , vol.21 , Issue.7 , pp. 573-576
    • McArthur, C.J.1    Gin, T.2    McLaren, I.M.3    Critchley, J.4    Oh, T.E.5
  • 9
    • 0023871187 scopus 로고
    • Intolerance to enteral feeding in the brain-injured patient
    • Norton JA, Ott LG, McClain C, et al. Intolerance to enteral feeding in the brain-injured patient. J Neurosurg 1988;68(1):62-6.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-66
    • Norton, J.A.1    Ott, L.G.2    McClain, C.3
  • 11
    • 70449511648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparate response to metoclopramide therapy for gastric feeding intolerance in trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury
    • Dickerson RN, Mitchell JN, Morgan LM, et al. Disparate response to metoclopramide therapy for gastric feeding intolerance in trauma patients with and without traumatic brain injury. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2009;33(6):646-55.
    • (2009) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 646-655
    • Dickerson, R.N.1    Mitchell, J.N.2    Morgan, L.M.3
  • 12
    • 0034780645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Frequency, risk factors, and complications
    • Mentec H, Dupont H, Bocchetti M, Cani P, Ponche F, Bleichner G. Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: frequency, risk factors, and complications. Crit Care Med 2001;29(10):1955-61. (Pubitemid 32980408)
    • (2001) Critical Care Medicine , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 1955-1961
    • Mentec, H.1    Dupont, H.2    Bocchetti, M.3    Cani, P.4    Ponche, F.5    Bleichner, G.6
  • 15
    • 0027944848 scopus 로고
    • Duodenal motor response to continuous enteral feeding is impaired in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients
    • DOI 10.1016/0261-5614(94)90053-1
    • Dive A, Miesse C, Jamart J, Evrard P, Gonzalez M, Installe E. Duodenal motor response to continuous enteral feeding is impaired in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients. Clin Nutr 1994;13(5):302-6. (Pubitemid 24355829)
    • (1994) Clinical Nutrition , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 302-306
    • Dive, A.1    Miesse, C.2    Jamart, J.3    Evrard, P.4    Gonzalez, M.5    Installe, E.6
  • 16
    • 0033756118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts and patterns of disturbed gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients
    • Ritz MA, Fraser R, Tam W, Dent J. Impacts and patterns of disturbed gastrointestinal function in critically ill patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95(11):3044-52.
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , Issue.11 , pp. 3044-3052
    • Ritz, M.A.1    Fraser, R.2    Tam, W.3    Dent, J.4
  • 17
    • 77952621023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered GI motility in critically ill patients: Current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical impact, and diagnostic approach
    • Ukleja A. Altered GI motility in critically ill patients: current understanding of pathophysiology, clinical impact, and diagnostic approach. Nutr Clin Pract 2010;25(1):16-25.
    • (2010) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-25
    • Ukleja, A.1
  • 18
    • 38849158390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized concept for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysmotility in critically ill patients - Current status and future options
    • HerbertMK, Holzer P. Standardized concept for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysmotility in critically ill patients - current status and future options. Clin Nutr 2008;27(1):25-41.
    • (2008) Clin Nutr , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-41
    • Herbert, M.K.1    Holzer, P.2
  • 19
    • 67650028335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine control of the gut during stress: Corticotropin-releasing factor signaling pathways in the spotlight
    • Stengel A, Taché Y. Neuroendocrine control of the gut during stress: corticotropin-releasing factor signaling pathways in the spotlight. Annu Rev Physiol 2009;71:219-39.
    • (2009) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.71 , pp. 219-239
    • Stengel, A.1    Taché, Y.2
  • 20
    • 1842483041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in plasma and jejunum of rats following traumatic brain injury and underlying significance in gastrointestinal dysfunction
    • Hang CH, Shi JX, Li JS, Wu W, Li WQ, Yin HX. Levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide, cholecystokinin and calcitonin gene-related peptide in plasma and jejunum of rats following traumatic brain injury and underlying significance in gastrointestinal dysfunction. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10(6):875-80. (Pubitemid 38418365)
    • (2004) World Journal of Gastroenterology , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 875-880
    • Hang, C.-H.1    Shi, J.-X.2    Li, J.-S.3    Wu, W.4    Li, W.-Q.5    Yin, H.-X.6
  • 23
    • 0028811099 scopus 로고
    • Relationships between gastric emptying, intragastric meal distribution and blood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus
    • Horowitz M, Jones KL, Wishart JM,Maddox AF, Harding PE, Chatterton BE. Chatterton BE. Relationships between gastric emptying, intragastric meal distribution and blood glucose concentrations in diabetes mellitus. J Nucl Med 1995;36(12):2220-8.
    • (1995) J Nucl Med , vol.36 , Issue.12 , pp. 2220-2228
    • Horowitz, M.1    Jones, K.L.2    Wishart, J.M.3    Maddox, A.F.4    Harding, P.E.5    Chatterton, B.E.6    Chatterton, B.E.7
  • 24
    • 0023837992 scopus 로고
    • Serum glucose concentration as a modulator of interdigestive gastric motility
    • Barnett JL. Serum glucose concentration as a modulator of interdigestive gastric motility. Gastroenterology 1988;94(3):739-44. (Pubitemid 18073537)
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , Issue.3 , pp. 739-744
    • Barnett, J.L.1    Owyang, C.2
  • 25
    • 36448935657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between blood glucose control and intolerance to enteral feeding during critical illness
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-007-0869-7
    • Nguyen N, Ching K, Fraser R, Chapman M, Holloway R. The relationship between blood glucose control and intolerance to enteral feeding during critical illness. Intensive Care Med 2007;33(12):2085-92. (Pubitemid 350164568)
    • (2007) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.33 , Issue.12 , pp. 2085-2092
    • Nguyen, N.1    Ching, K.2    Fraser, R.3    Chapman, M.4    Holloway, R.5
  • 26
    • 72949092495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury
    • Ziebell JM, Morganti-Kossmann MC. Involvement of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics 2010;7(1):22-30.
    • (2010) Neurotherapeutics , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-30
    • Ziebell, J.M.1    Morganti-Kossmann, M.C.2
  • 27
    • 0142034409 scopus 로고
    • Human recombinant interleukin 1 decreases gastric emptying in the rat
    • Nompleggi D, Teo TC, Blackburn GL. Human recombinant interleukin 1 decreases gastric emptying in the rat. Gastroenterology 1988;94(2):326.
    • (1988) Gastroenterology , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 326
    • Nompleggi, D.1    Teo, T.C.2    Blackburn, G.L.3
  • 28
    • 67349175003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TNF activates astrocytes and catecholaminergic neurons in the solitary nucleus: Implications for autonomic control
    • Hermann GE, Rogers RC. TNF activates astrocytes and catecholaminergic neurons in the solitary nucleus: implications for autonomic control. Brain Res 2009;1273:72-82.
    • (2009) Brain Res , vol.1273 , pp. 72-82
    • Hermann, G.E.1    Rogers, R.C.2
  • 29
    • 79951708511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal function: Evidence from animal models
    • Verdu EF, Bercik P, Collins SM. Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal function: evidence from animal models. Ther Adv Gastroenterol 2009;2 (Suppl 1):s31-s35.
    • (2009) Ther Adv Gastroenterol , vol.2 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Verdu, E.F.1    Bercik, P.2    Collins, S.M.3
  • 30
    • 0035006468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of microbial species on small intestinal myoelectric activity and transit in germ-free rats
    • Husebye E, Hellstrom PM, Sundler F, Chen J, Midtvedt T. Influence of microbial species on small intestinal myoelectric activity and transit in germ-free rats. Am J Physiol-Gastrointest L 2001;280(3):368-80.
    • (2001) Am J Physiol-Gastrointest L , vol.280 , Issue.3 , pp. 368-380
    • Husebye, E.1    Hellstrom, P.M.2    Sundler, F.3    Chen, J.4    Midtvedt, T.5
  • 31
    • 79951700791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased gut absorptive capacity in rats with severe head injury after feeding with probiotics
    • in press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 April
    • Yu XY, Yin HH, Zhu JC. Increased gut absorptive capacity in rats with severe head injury after feeding with probiotics. Nutrition, in press, Corrected Proof, Available online 3 April 2010.
    • (2010) Nutrition
    • Yu, X.Y.1    Yin, H.H.2    Zhu, J.C.3
  • 33
    • 75549083339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose absorption and gastric emptying in critical illness
    • Chapman MJ, Fraser RJL, Matthews G, et al. Glucose absorption and gastric emptying in critical illness. Crit Care 2009;13(4):R140.
    • (2009) Crit Care , vol.13 , Issue.4
    • Chapman, M.J.1    Fraser, R.J.L.2    Matthews, G.3
  • 34
    • 33748893981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fecal energy losses in enterally fed intensive care patients: An explorative study using bomb calorimetry
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.11.012, PII S0261561405002232
    • Strack van Schijndel RJM, Wierdsma NJ, Van Heijningen EMB, Weijs PJM, de Groot SDW, Girbes ARJ. Fecal energy losses in enterally fed intensive care patients: an explorative study using bomb calorimetry. Clin Nutr 2006;25(5):758-64. (Pubitemid 44426424)
    • (2006) Clinical Nutrition , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 758-764
    • Van Strack, S.R.J.M.1    Wierdsma, N.J.2    Van, H.E.M.B.3    Weijs, P.J.M.4    De, G.S.D.W.5    Girbes, A.R.J.6
  • 35
    • 33845327472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis and functional changes of dipeptide transporter (PepT1) in the rat small intestine after traumatic brain injury
    • Hang CH, Shi JX, Sun BW, Li JS. Apoptosis and functional changes of dipeptide transporter (PepT1) in the rat small intestine after traumatic brain injury. J Surg Res 2007;137(1):53-60.
    • (2007) J Surg Res , vol.137 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-60
    • Hang, C.H.1    Shi, J.X.2    Sun, B.W.3    Li, J.S.4
  • 36
    • 77952609207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical illness, gastrointestinal complications, and medication therapy during enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients
    • Btaiche IF, Chan LN, Pleva M, Kraft MD. Critical illness, gastrointestinal complications, and medication therapy during enteral feeding in critically ill adult patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2010;25(1):32-49.
    • (2010) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-49
    • Btaiche, I.F.1    Chan, L.N.2    Pleva, M.3    Kraft, M.D.4
  • 37
    • 0023177778 scopus 로고
    • Hypoalbuminemia is an indicator of diarrheal incidence in critically ill patients
    • Brinson RR, Kolts BE. Hypoalbuminemia as an indicator of diarrheal incidence in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 1987;15(5):506-9. (Pubitemid 17080306)
    • (1987) Critical Care Medicine , vol.15 , Issue.5 , pp. 506-509
    • Brinson, R.R.1    Kolts, B.E.2
  • 39
    • 0023240612 scopus 로고
    • Serum albumin (oncotic pressure) correlates with enteral feeding tolerance in the pediatric surgical patient
    • DOI 10.1016/S0022-3468(87)80106-9
    • Ford EG, Jennings LM, Andrassy RJ. Serum albumin (oncotic pressure) correlates with enteral feeding tolerance in the pediatric surgical patient. J Pediatr Surg 1987;22(7):597-9. (Pubitemid 17096961)
    • (1987) Journal of Pediatric Surgery , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 597-599
    • Ford, E.G.1    Jennings, L.M.2    Andrassy, R.J.3
  • 41
    • 0023809227 scopus 로고
    • Diarrhea in tubefed burn patients: Incidence, etiology, nutritional impact, and prevention
    • GottschlichMM,WardenGD,MichelM, et al. Diarrhea in tubefed burn patients: incidence, etiology, nutritional impact, and prevention. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1988;12(4):338-45.
    • (1988) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 338-345
    • Gottschlich, M.M.1    Warden, G.D.2    Michel, M.3
  • 42
    • 42749085269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of enteral nutrition in the incidence of diarrhea among hospitalized adult patients
    • Luft VC, Beghetto MG, de Mello ED, Polanczyk CA. Role of enteral nutrition in the incidence of diarrhea among hospitalized adult patients. Nutrition 2008;24(6):528-35.
    • (2008) Nutrition , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 528-535
    • Luft, V.C.1    Beghetto, M.G.2    De Mello, E.D.3    Polanczyk, C.A.4
  • 44
    • 0035137243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uninterrupted perioperative enteral nutrition
    • DOI 10.1054/clnu.2000.0111
    • Bengmark S, Andersson R, Mangiante G. Uninterrupted perioperative enteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2001;20(1):11-19. (Pubitemid 32162347)
    • (2001) Clinical Nutrition , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-19
    • Bengmark, S.1    Andersson, R.2    Mangiante, G.3
  • 45
    • 33846289906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal motility disturbances in intensive care patients pathogenesis and clinical impact
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-006-0452-7
    • Fruhwald S, Holzer P, Metzler H. Intestinal motility disturbances in intensive care patients pathogenesis and clinical impact. Intensive Care Med 2007;33(1):36-44. (Pubitemid 46115468)
    • (2007) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 36-44
    • Fruhwald, S.1    Holzer, P.2    Metzler, H.3
  • 46
    • 4243123038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is early enteral nutrition a risk factor for gastric intolerance and pneumonia?
    • Kompan L, Vidmar G, Spindler-Vesel A, Pecar J. Is early enteral nutrition a risk factor for gastric intolerance and pneumonia? Clin Nutr 2004;23(4):527-32.
    • (2004) Clin Nutr , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 527-532
    • Kompan, L.1    Vidmar, G.2    Spindler-Vesel, A.3    Pecar, J.4
  • 47
    • 33746056470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of perioperative nutrition support
    • DOI 10.1097/01.ccx.0000235204.54579.14, PII 0007519820060800000003
    • Martindale RG, Maerz LL. Management of perioperative nutrition support. Curr Opin Crit Care 2006;12(4):290-4. (Pubitemid 44078139)
    • (2006) Current Opinion in Critical Care , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 290-294
    • Martindale, R.G.1    Maerz, L.L.2
  • 48
    • 0042279261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients
    • Heyland DK, Dhaliwal R, Drover JW, Gramlich L, Dodek P. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for nutrition support in mechanically ventilated, critically ill adult patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2003;27(5):355-73. (Pubitemid 37022781)
    • (2003) Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 355-373
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Dhaliwal, R.2    Drover, J.W.3    Gramlich, L.4    Dodek, P.5
  • 50
    • 0038029811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To determine the effect of metoclopramide on gastric emptying in severe head injuries: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial
    • DOI 10.1080/026889031000093708
    • Marino LV, Kiratu EM, French S, Nathoo N. To determine the effect of metoclopramide on gastric emptying in severe head injuries: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Br J Neurosurg 2003;17(1):24-8. (Pubitemid 36570487)
    • (2003) British Journal of Neurosurgery , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-28
    • Marino, L.V.1    Kiratu, E.M.2    French, S.3    Nathoo, N.4
  • 52
    • 77950297195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Before - after study of a standardized ICU protocol for early enteral feeding in patients turned in the prone position
    • Reignier J, Dimet J, Martin-Lefevre L, et al. Before - after study of a standardized ICU protocol for early enteral feeding in patients turned in the prone position. Clin Nutr 2010;29(2):210-16.
    • (2010) Clin Nutr , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 210-216
    • Reignier, J.1    Dimet, J.2    Martin-Lefevre, L.3
  • 53
    • 0036739183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythromycin reduces delayed gastric emptying in critically ill trauma patients: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Berne JD, Norwood SH, McAuley CE, et al. Erythromycin reduces delayed gastric emptying in critically ill trauma patients: a randomized, controlled trial. J Trauma 2002;53(3):422-5.
    • (2002) J Trauma , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 422-425
    • Berne, J.D.1    Norwood, S.H.2    McAuley, C.E.3
  • 54
    • 0037348560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral naloxone reduces gastric tube reflux and frequency of pneumonia in critical care patients during opioid analgesia
    • DOI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000053652.80849.9F
    • Meissner W, Dohrn B, Reinhart K. Enteral naloxone reduces gastric tube reflux and frequency of pneumonia in critical care patients during opioid analgesia. Crit Care Med 2003;31(3):776-80. (Pubitemid 36379582)
    • (2003) Critical Care Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.3 , pp. 776-780
    • Meissner, W.1    Dohrn, B.2    Reinhart, K.3
  • 55
    • 3242728473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. Web site. Accessed October 2001
    • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization. Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in food including powder milk with live lactic acid bacteria. World Health Organization Web site. http://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/fs-management/en/probiotics.pdf. Accessed October 2001.
    • Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria
  • 57
    • 44349132270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut
    • DOI 10.1038/nri2316, PII NRI2316
    • Artis D. Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8(6):411-20. (Pubitemid 351733416)
    • (2008) Nature Reviews Immunology , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 411-420
    • Artis, D.1
  • 58
    • 33645086872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between dietary-induced changes in intestinal commensal microflora and duodenojejunal myoelectric activity monitored by radiotelemetry in the rat in vivo
    • Lesniewska V, Rowland I, Laerke HN, Grant G, Naughton PJ. Relationship between dietary-induced changes in intestinal commensal microflora and duodenojejunal myoelectric activity monitored by radiotelemetry in the rat in vivo. Exp Physiol 2006;91(1):229-37.
    • (2006) Exp Physiol , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 229-237
    • Lesniewska, V.1    Rowland, I.2    Laerke, H.N.3    Grant, G.4    Naughton, P.J.5
  • 59
    • 43549106319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of probiotics on feeding tolerance, bowel habits, and gastrointestinal motility in preterm newborns
    • Indrio F, Riezzo G, Raimondi F, Bisceglia M, Cavallo L, Francavilla R. The effects of probiotics on feeding tolerance, bowel habits, and gastrointestinal motility in preterm newborns. J Pediatr 2008;152(6):801-6.
    • (2008) J Pediatr , vol.152 , Issue.6 , pp. 801-806
    • Indrio, F.1    Riezzo, G.2    Raimondi, F.3    Bisceglia, M.4    Cavallo, L.5    Francavilla, R.6
  • 60
    • 41349115652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotics: Did we go wrong, and if so, where?
    • Soeters PB. Probiotics: did we go wrong, and if so, where? Clin Nutr 2008;27(2):173-8.
    • (2008) Clin Nutr , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-178
    • Soeters, P.B.1
  • 61
    • 39449089584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • BesselinkMGH, van Santvoort HC, Buskens E, et al. Probiotic prophylaxis in predicted severe acute pancreatitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2008;371(9613):651-9.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , Issue.9613 , pp. 651-659
    • Besselink, M.G.H.1    Van Santvoort, H.C.2    Buskens, E.3
  • 62
    • 77749254707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of probiotics in patients receiving nutritional support: A systematic review of case reports, randomized controlled trials, and nonrandomized trials
    • Whelan K, Myers CE. Safety of probiotics in patients receiving nutritional support: a systematic review of case reports, randomized controlled trials, and nonrandomized trials. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(3):687-03.
    • (2010) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 687-703
    • Whelan, K.1    Myers, C.E.2
  • 63
    • 37149033981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis: The clinical and physiological effects of fibre-containing enteral formulae
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03544.x
    • Elia M, Engfer MB, Green CJ, Silk DBA. Systematic review and meta-analysis: the clinical and physiological effects of fibre-containing enteral formulae. Aliment Pharmacol Therapeut 2008;27(2):120-45. (Pubitemid 350256602)
    • (2008) Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 120-145
    • Elia, M.1    Engfer, M.B.2    Green, C.J.3    Silk, D.B.A.4
  • 64
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial
    • Drakulovic MB, Torres A, Bauer TT, Nicolas JM, Nogué S, Ferrer M. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet 1999;354(9193):1851-8.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9193 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogué, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 65
    • 33645836530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients: Frequency, outcomes, and risk factors
    • Metheny NA, Clouse RE, Chang YH, Stewart BJ, Oliver DA, Kollef MH. Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients: frequency, outcomes, and risk factors. Crit Care Med 2006;34(4):1007-15.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 1007-1015
    • Metheny, N.A.1    Clouse, R.E.2    Chang, Y.H.3    Stewart, B.J.4    Oliver, D.A.5    Kollef, M.H.6
  • 66
    • 0036317690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward understanding evidence uptake: Semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention
    • Cook DJ, Meade MO, Hand LE, McMullin JP. Toward understanding evidence uptake: semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention. Crit Care Med 2002;30(7):1472-7. (Pubitemid 34756227)
    • (2002) Critical Care Medicine , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 1472-1477
    • Cook, D.J.1    Meade, M.O.2    Hand, L.E.3    McMullin, J.P.4
  • 68
    • 77955274266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can continuous pump feeding reduce the incidence of pneumonia in nasogastric tubefed patients? A randomized controlled trial
    • Lee JSW, Kwok T, Chui PY, et al. Can continuous pump feeding reduce the incidence of pneumonia in nasogastric tubefed patients? A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr 2010;29(4):453-8.
    • (2010) Clin Nutr , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 453-458
    • Lee, J.S.W.1    Kwok, T.2    Chui, P.Y.3
  • 69
    • 10244229080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the nursing care of enteral feeding tubes in critically ill adults: Part I
    • DOI 10.1016/j.iccn.2004.08.002, PII S096433970400093X
    • Williams TA, Leslie GD. A review of the nursing care of enteral feeding tubes in critically ill adults.I. Intens Crit Care Nurs 2004;20(6):330-43. (Pubitemid 39618479)
    • (2004) Intensive and Critical Care Nursing , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 330-343
    • Williams, T.A.1    Leslie, G.D.2
  • 70
    • 68649094000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective randomized control trial of intermittent versus continuous gastric feeds for critically ill trauma patients
    • Hacker R, Harvey-Banchik LP. Prospective randomized control trial of intermittent versus continuous gastric feeds for critically ill trauma patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2008;23(5):564-5.
    • (2008) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.23 , Issue.5 , pp. 564-565
    • Hacker, R.1    Harvey-Banchik, L.P.2
  • 71
    • 33750592293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of intermittent nasogastric feeding on preventing aspiration pneumonia in ventilated critically ill patients
    • Chen YC, Chou SS, Lin LH, Wu LF. The effect of intermittent nasogastric feeding on preventing aspiration pneumonia in ventilated critically ill patients. J Nurs Res 2006;14(3):167-80.
    • (2006) J Nurs Res , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 167-180
    • Chen, Y.C.1    Chou, S.S.2    Lin, L.H.3    Wu, L.F.4
  • 73
    • 20444437661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in enteral nutrition delivery in mechanically ventilated patients
    • DOI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.11.014, PII S0899900705001334
    • Rice TW, Swope T, Bozeman S, Wheeler AP. Variation in enteral nutrition delivery in mechanically ventilated patients. Nutrition 2005;21(7-8):786-92. (Pubitemid 40828801)
    • (2005) Nutrition , vol.21 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 786-792
    • Rice, T.W.1    Swope, T.2    Bozeman, S.3    Wheeler, A.P.4
  • 74
    • 33144486505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition delivery and energy expenditure in medical intensive care patients
    • DOI 10.1016/j.clnu.2005.08.013, PII S0261561405001469
    • Petros S, Engelmann L. Enteral nutrition delivery and energy expenditure in medical intensive care patients. Clin Nutr 2006;25(1):51-9. (Pubitemid 43263527)
    • (2006) Clinical Nutrition , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-59
    • Petros, S.1    Engelmann, L.2
  • 75
    • 34547897350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology and management of diabetic gastropathy a guide for endocrinologists
    • DOI 10.2165/00003495-200767120-00003
    • Kuo P, Rayner CK, Jones KL, Horowitz M. Pathophysiology and management of diabetic gastropathy: a guide for endocrinologists. Drugs 2007;67(12):1671-87. (Pubitemid 47263177)
    • (2007) Drugs , vol.67 , Issue.12 , pp. 1671-1687
    • Kuo, P.1    Rayner, C.K.2    Jones, K.L.3    Horowitz, M.4
  • 76
    • 0035829852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients
    • Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345(19):1359-67.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.19 , pp. 1359-1367
    • Van Den Berghe, G.1    Wouters, P.2    Weekers, F.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.