메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2004, Pages 330-343

A review of the nursing care of enteral feeding tubes in critically ill adults: Part I

Author keywords

Enteral tube; Feeding; Intensive care

Indexed keywords

CISAPRIDE; ERYTHROMYCIN; METOCLOPRAMIDE; MOTILIN; PROKINETIC AGENT;

EID: 10244229080     PISSN: 09643397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2004.08.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (41)

References (130)
  • 1
    • 0030975311 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of problems associated with the delivery of enteral feed in critically ill patients in five ICUs in the UK
    • S. Adam S. Batson A study of problems associated with the delivery of enteral feed in critically ill patients in five ICUs in the UK Intens Care Med 23 3 1997 261-266
    • (1997) Intens. Care Med. , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 261-266
    • Adam, S.1    Batson, S.2
  • 2
    • 0032984512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is early enteral feeding of benefit?
    • J.W. Alexander Is early enteral feeding of benefit? Intens Care Med 25 2 1999 129-130
    • (1999) Intens. Care Med. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-130
    • Alexander, J.W.1
  • 3
    • 0034770563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chicken soup for the stomach
    • T.A. Alston Chicken soup for the stomach Crit Care Med 29 10 2001 2033-2034
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 2033-2034
    • Alston, T.A.1
  • 4
    • 0028349122 scopus 로고
    • Round table conference on metabolic support of the critically ill patients-March 20-22 1993
    • Anonymous
    • Anonymous Round table conference on metabolic support of the critically ill patients-March 20-22 1993 Intens Care Med 1994 20 4 298-299
    • (1994) Intens. Care Med. , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 298-299
  • 5
    • 9244228530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventive strategies. A consensus statement
    • Anonymous American Thoracic Society, November 1995
    • Anonymous Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventive strategies. A consensus statement, American Thoracic Society, November 1995 Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996 153 5 1711-1725
    • (1996) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.153 , Issue.5 , pp. 1711-1725
  • 6
    • 0027924187 scopus 로고
    • Nursing management of patients receiving a nasogastric feed
    • H. Arrowsmith Nursing management of patients receiving a nasogastric feed Br J Nurs 2 21 1993 1053-1058
    • (1993) Br. J. Nurs. , vol.2 , Issue.21 , pp. 1053-1058
    • Arrowsmith, H.1
  • 7
    • 0021688878 scopus 로고
    • Pneumothorax as a complication of placement of a nasoenteric tube
    • J.M. Aronchick D.M. Epstein W.B. Gefter W.T. Miller Pneumothorax as a complication of placement of a nasoenteric tube JAMA 252 23 1984 3287-3288
    • (1984) JAMA , vol.252 , Issue.23 , pp. 3287-3288
    • Aronchick, J.M.1    Epstein, D.M.2    Gefter, W.B.3    Miller, W.T.4
  • 8
    • 18244387730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients
    • ASPEN Board of Directors & the Clinical Guidelines Task Force
    • ASPEN Board of Directors & the Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients J Parent Enteral Nutr 2002 26 1 Suppl 1sa-138sa
    • (2002) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.26 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
  • 9
    • 0030009634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspiration (of gastric residuals) - A cause of bacterial contamination of enteral feeding systems?
    • T.K. Beattie A. Anderton S. White Aspiration (of gastric residuals) - a cause of bacterial contamination of enteral feeding systems? J Hum Nutr Diet 9 2 1996 105-115
    • (1996) J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-115
    • Beattie, T.K.1    Anderton, A.2    White, S.3
  • 10
    • 0034770069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric feeding with erythromycin is equivalent to transpyloric feeding in the critically ill
    • M.A. Boivin H. Levy Gastric feeding with erythromycin is equivalent to transpyloric feeding in the critically ill Crit Care Med 29 10 2001 1916-1919
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 1916-1919
    • Boivin, M.A.1    Levy, H.2
  • 11
    • 0028316668 scopus 로고
    • The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients
    • M.J. Bonten C.A. Gaillard F.H. van Tiel H.G. Smeets S. van der Geest E.E. Stobberingh The stomach is not a source for colonization of the upper respiratory tract and pneumonia in ICU patients Chest 105 3 1994 878-884
    • (1994) Chest , vol.105 , Issue.3 , pp. 878-884
    • Bonten, M.J.1    Gaillard, C.A.2    van Tiel, F.H.3    Smeets, H.G.4    van der Geest, S.5    Stobberingh, E.E.6
  • 12
    • 0034265866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of 2 methods of managing gastric residual volumes from feeding tubes
    • K.J. Booker L. Niedringhaus B. Eden J.S. Arnold Comparison of 2 methods of managing gastric residual volumes from feeding tubes Am J Crit Care 9 5 2000 318-324
    • (2000) Am. J. Crit. Care , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 318-324
    • Booker, K.J.1    Niedringhaus, L.2    Eden, B.3    Arnold, J.S.4
  • 13
    • 0036317489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal promotility drugs in the critical care setting: A systematic review of the evidence
    • C.M. Booth D.K. Heyland W.G. Paterson Gastrointestinal promotility drugs in the critical care setting: A systematic review of the evidence Crit Care Med 30 7 2002 1429-1435
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 1429-1435
    • Booth, C.M.1    Heyland, D.K.2    Paterson, W.G.3
  • 15
    • 0030255413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tubes: A nurse's guide to enteral feeding devices
    • S. Bowers Tubes: A nurse's guide to enteral feeding devices MEDSURG Nursing 5 5 1996 313-324
    • (1996) MEDSURG Nursing , vol.5 , Issue.5 , pp. 313-324
    • Bowers, S.1
  • 16
    • 0028935349 scopus 로고
    • Early enteral administration of a formula (impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: Results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial
    • R.H. Bower F.B. Cerra B. Bershadsky J.J. Licari D.B. Hoyt G.L. Jensen et al. Early enteral administration of a formula (impact) supplemented with arginine, nucleotides, and fish oil in intensive care unit patients: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, clinical trial Crit Care Med 23 3 1995 436-449
    • (1995) Crit. Care Med. , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 436-449
    • Bower, R.H.1    Cerra, F.B.2    Bershadsky, B.3    Licari, J.J.4    Hoyt, D.B.5    Jensen, G.L.6
  • 18
    • 0024225724 scopus 로고
    • Tube feedings: A survey of compliance to procedures and complications
    • C.L. Breach L.G. Saldanha Tube feedings: A survey of compliance to procedures and complications Nutr Clin Pract 3 6 1988 230-234
    • (1988) Nutr. Clin. Pract. , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 230-234
    • Breach, C.L.1    Saldanha, L.G.2
  • 19
    • 0030604747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasogastric feeding practice in intensive care units: A study
    • D. Briggs Nasogastric feeding practice in intensive care units: A study Nurs Stand 10 49 1996 42-45
    • (1996) Nurs. Stand. , vol.10 , Issue.49 , pp. 42-45
    • Briggs, D.1
  • 20
    • 0345093281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limitations of using gastric residual volumes to monitor enteral feedings: A mathematical model
    • R. Burd C. Lentz The limitations of using gastric residual volumes to monitor enteral feedings: A mathematical model Nutr Clin Pract 16 6 2001 349-354
    • (2001) Nutr. Clin. Pract. , vol.16 , Issue.6 , pp. 349-354
    • Burd, R.1    Lentz, C.2
  • 21
    • 0029881385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal resection
    • C.S. Carr K.D. Ling P. Boulos M. Singer Randomised trial of safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal resection Br Med J 312 7035 1996 869-871
    • (1996) Br. Med. J. , vol.312 , Issue.7035 , pp. 869-871
    • Carr, C.S.1    Ling, K.D.2    Boulos, P.3    Singer, M.4
  • 23
    • 8044242942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied nutrition in ICU patients. A consensus statement of the American College of Chest Physicians
    • F.B. Cerra M.R. Benitez G.L. Blackburn R.S. Irwin K. Jeejeebhoy D.P. Katz et al. Applied nutrition in ICU patients. A consensus statement of the American College of Chest Physicians Chest 111 3 1997 769-778
    • (1997) Chest , vol.111 , Issue.3 , pp. 769-778
    • Cerra, F.B.1    Benitez, M.R.2    Blackburn, G.L.3    Irwin, R.S.4    Jeejeebhoy, K.5    Katz, D.P.6
  • 24
    • 0033854173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythromycin improves gastric emptying in critically ill patients intolerant of nasogastric feeding
    • M. Chapman R. Fraser M. Kluger M. Buist D. De Nichilo Erythromycin improves gastric emptying in critically ill patients intolerant of nasogastric feeding Crit Care Med 28 7 2000 2334-2337
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 2334-2337
    • Chapman, M.1    Fraser, R.2    Kluger, M.3    Buist, M.4    De Nichilo, D.5
  • 26
    • 0033857371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The paracetamol absorption test: A useful addition to the enteral nutrition algorithm?
    • J. Cohen A. Aharon P. Singer The paracetamol absorption test: A useful addition to the enteral nutrition algorithm? Clin. Nutr. 19 4 2000 233-236
    • (2000) Clin. Nutr. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 233-236
    • Cohen, J.1    Aharon, A.2    Singer, P.3
  • 27
    • 0032572110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for ICU-acquired pneumonia
    • D.J. Cook M.H. Kollef Risk factors for ICU-acquired pneumonia. J Am Med Assoc 279 20 1998 1605-1606
    • (1998) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.279 , Issue.20 , pp. 1605-1606
    • Cook, D.J.1    Kollef, M.H.2
  • 28
    • 0036191399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized comparison of nasojejunal and nasogastric feeding in critically ill patients
    • A. Davies P. Froomes C. French R. Bellomo G. Gutteridge I. Nyulasi et al. Randomized comparison of nasojejunal and nasogastric feeding in critically ill patients Crit Care Med 30 3 2002 586-590
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 586-590
    • Davies, A.1    Froomes, P.2    French, C.3    Bellomo, R.4    Gutteridge, G.5    Nyulasi, I.6
  • 29
    • 0035141399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective survey of nutritional support practices in intensive care unit patients: What is prescribed? What is delivered?
    • B. De Jonghe C. Appere-De-Vechi M. Fournier B. Tran J. Merrer J.C. Melchior A prospective survey of nutritional support practices in intensive care unit patients: What is prescribed? What is delivered? Crit Care Med 29 1 2001 8-12
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-12
    • De Jonghe, B.1    Appere-De-Vechi, C.2    Fournier, M.3    Tran, B.4    Merrer, J.5    Melchior, J.C.6
  • 31
    • 0029931655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery
    • A.J. DeRiso II J.S. Ladowski T.A. Dillon J.W. Justice A.C. Peterson Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery Chest 109 6 1996 1556-1561
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , Issue.6 , pp. 1556-1561
    • DeRiso II, A.J.1    Ladowski, J.S.2    Dillon, T.A.3    Justice, J.W.4    Peterson, A.C.5
  • 32
    • 0028204255 scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal motility in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: A manometric study
    • A. Dive M. Moulart P. Jonard J. Jamart P. Mahieu Gastroduodenal motility in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: A manometric study Crit Care Med 22 3 1994 441-447
    • (1994) Crit. Care Med. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 441-447
    • Dive, A.1    Moulart, M.2    Jonard, P.3    Jamart, J.4    Mahieu, P.5
  • 33
    • 0021985512 scopus 로고
    • Nasotracheal intubation and pulmonary parenchymal perforation. An unusual complication of naso-enteral feeding with small-diameter feeding tubes
    • J.S. Dorsey J. Cogordan Nasotracheal intubation and pulmonary parenchymal perforation. An unusual complication of naso-enteral feeding with small-diameter feeding tubes Chest 87 1 1985 131-132
    • (1985) Chest , vol.87 , Issue.1 , pp. 131-132
    • Dorsey, J.S.1    Cogordan, J.2
  • 34
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial
    • M.B. Drakulovic A. Torres T.T. Bauer J.M. Nicolas S. Nogue M. Ferrer Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: A randomised trial Lancet 354 9193 1999 1851-1858
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.9193 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogue, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 35
    • 0034201489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of gastric residual volume: State of the science
    • S.J. Edwards N.A. Metheny Measurement of gastric residual volume: State of the science MEDSURG Nurs 9 3 2000 125-128
    • (2000) MEDSURG Nurs. , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-128
    • Edwards, S.J.1    Metheny, N.A.2
  • 36
    • 0026294529 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary complications from enteral nutrition
    • P.G. Eisenberg Pulmonary complications from enteral nutrition Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North America 3 4 1991 641-649
    • (1991) Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North America , vol.3 , Issue.4 , pp. 641-649
    • Eisenberg, P.G.1
  • 37
    • 0028519968 scopus 로고
    • Nasoenteral tubes
    • P.G. Eisenberg Nasoenteral tubes RN 57 10 1994 62-66
    • (1994) RN , vol.57 , Issue.10 , pp. 62-66
    • Eisenberg, P.G.1
  • 38
    • 84929081219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration in hospitalized adults
    • E.H. Elpern Pulmonary aspiration in hospitalized adults Nutr Clin Pract 12 1 1997 5-13
    • (1997) Nutr. Clin. Pract. , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-13
    • Elpern, E.H.1
  • 40
    • 0035052893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equal aspiration rates in gastrically and transpylorically fed critically ill patients
    • J. Esparza M.A. Boivin M.F. Hartshorne H. Levy Equal aspiration rates in gastrically and transpylorically fed critically ill patients Intens Care Med 27 4 2001 660-664
    • (2001) Intens. Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 660-664
    • Esparza, J.1    Boivin, M.A.2    Hartshorne, M.F.3    Levy, H.4
  • 41
    • 0032943961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacterial colonization patterns in mechanically ventilated patients with traumatic and medical head injury. Incidence, risk factors, and association with ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • S. Ewig A. Torres M. El-Ebiary N. Fabregas C. Hernandez J. Gonzalez et al. Bacterial colonization patterns in mechanically ventilated patients with traumatic and medical head injury. Incidence, risk factors, and association with ventilator-associated pneumonia Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159 1 1999 188-198
    • (1999) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.159 , Issue.1 , pp. 188-198
    • Ewig, S.1    Torres, A.2    El-Ebiary, M.3    Fabregas, N.4    Hernandez, C.5    Gonzalez, J.6
  • 42
    • 0034138156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based practice for enteral feedings: Aspiration prevention strategies, bedside detection, and practice change
    • L.S. Fellows E.H. Miller M. Frederickson B. Bly P. Felt Evidence-based practice for enteral feedings: Aspiration prevention strategies, bedside detection, and practice change MEDSURG Nurs 9 1 2000 27-31
    • (2000) MEDSURG Nurs. , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-31
    • Fellows, L.S.1    Miller, E.H.2    Frederickson, M.3    Bly, B.4    Felt, P.5
  • 43
    • 0030599537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia
    • T.E. Finucane J.P. Bynum Use of tube feeding to prevent aspiration pneumonia Lancet 348 9039 1996 1421-1424
    • (1996) Lancet , vol.348 , Issue.9039 , pp. 1421-1424
    • Finucane, T.E.1    Bynum, J.P.2
  • 44
    • 0030893946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in the critically ill-the way forward?
    • P.E.N. Frost D. Bihari Gastric emptying in the critically ill-the way forward? Intens Care Med 23 3 1997 243-245
    • (1997) Intens. Care Med. , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-245
    • Frost, P.E.N.1    Bihari, D.2
  • 45
    • 0022432668 scopus 로고
    • Fine bore enteral feeding and pulmonary aspiration
    • E.N. Fry Fine bore enteral feeding and pulmonary aspiration Br Med J Clin Res Ed 290 6464 1985 26
    • (1985) Br. Med. J. Clin. Res. Ed. , vol.290 , Issue.6464 , pp. 26
    • Fry, E.N.1
  • 46
    • 0034068769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients
    • C. Galban J.C. Montejo A. Mesejo P. Marco S. Celaya J.M. Sanchez-Segura et al. An immune-enhancing enteral diet reduces mortality rate and episodes of bacteremia in septic intensive care unit patients Crit Care Med 28 3 2000 643-648
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 643-648
    • Galban, C.1    Montejo, J.C.2    Mesejo, A.3    Marco, P.4    Celaya, S.5    Sanchez-Segura, J.M.6
  • 47
    • 0030894869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind, randomized study of the effect of cisapride on gastric emptying in critically ill patients
    • D.R. Goldhill C.C. Toner M.M. Tarling K. Baxter P.S. Withington R. Whelpton Double-blind, randomized study of the effect of cisapride on gastric emptying in critically ill patients Crit Care Med 25 3 1997 447-451
    • (1997) Crit. Care Med. , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-451
    • Goldhill, D.R.1    Toner, C.C.2    Tarling, M.M.3    Baxter, K.4    Withington, P.S.5    Whelpton, R.6
  • 48
    • 0030095790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of aspiration pneumonia: A research-based protocol
    • R.S. Goodwin Prevention of aspiration pneumonia: A research-based protocol Dimensions Crit Care Nurs 15 2 1996 58-71
    • (1996) Dimensions Crit. Care Nurs. , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 58-71
    • Goodwin, R.S.1
  • 49
    • 0028829704 scopus 로고
    • Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the critically ill
    • R.J. Hadfield D.G. Sinclair P.E. Houldsworth T.W. Evans Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on gut mucosal permeability in the critically ill Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 5 Pt 1 1995 1545-1548
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.152 , Issue.5 PART 1 , pp. 1545-1548
    • Hadfield, R.J.1    Sinclair, D.G.2    Houldsworth, P.E.3    Evans, T.W.4
  • 50
    • 0024425949 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary complications from nasoenteral feeding tube insertion in an intensive care unit: Incidence and prevention
    • M.R. Harris J.S. Huseby Pulmonary complications from nasoenteral feeding tube insertion in an intensive care unit: Incidence and prevention Crit. Care Med. 17 9 1989 917-919
    • (1989) Crit. Care Med. , vol.17 , Issue.9 , pp. 917-919
    • Harris, M.R.1    Huseby, J.S.2
  • 52
    • 0030470463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients
    • D.K. Heyland G. Tougas D. King D.J. Cook Impaired gastric emptying in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients Intens Care Med 22 12 1996 1339-1344
    • (1996) Intens. Care Med. , vol.22 , Issue.12 , pp. 1339-1344
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Tougas, G.2    King, D.3    Cook, D.J.4
  • 53
    • 0034893789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of postpyloric feeding on gastroesophageal regurgitation and pulmonary microaspiration: Results of a randomized controlled trial
    • D.K. Heyland J.W. Drover S. MacDonald F. Novak M. Lam Effect of postpyloric feeding on gastroesophageal regurgitation and pulmonary microaspiration: Results of a randomized controlled trial Crit Care Med 29 8 2001 1495-1501
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , Issue.8 , pp. 1495-1501
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Drover, J.W.2    MacDonald, S.3    Novak, F.4    Lam, M.5
  • 54
    • 0036839163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of enteral nutrition in the critically ill: Role of small bowel feeding
    • D.K. Heyland J.W. Drover R. Dhaliwal J. Greenwood Optimizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of enteral nutrition in the critically ill: Role of small bowel feeding J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. 26 6 Suppl 2002 S56-S57
    • (2002) J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. , vol.26 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Drover, J.W.2    Dhaliwal, R.3    Greenwood, J.4
  • 55
    • 0037243881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition support in the critical care setting: Current practice in canadian ICUs-opportunities for improvement?
    • D.K. Heyland D. Schroter-Noppe J.W. Drover M. Jain L. Keefe R. Dhaliwal et al. Nutrition support in the critical care setting: Current practice in canadian ICUs-opportunities for improvement? J Parent Enteral Nutr 27 1 2003 74-83
    • (2003) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 74-83
    • Heyland, D.K.1    Schroter-Noppe, D.2    Drover, J.W.3    Jain, M.4    Keefe, L.5    Dhaliwal, R.6
  • 56
    • 0025822723 scopus 로고
    • Disordered gastric emptying: Mechanical basis, assessment and treatment
    • M. Horowitz J. Dent Disordered gastric emptying: Mechanical basis, assessment and treatment Baillieres Clin Gastroenterol 5 2 1991 371-407
    • (1991) Baillieres Clin. Gastroenterol. , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 371-407
    • Horowitz, M.1    Dent, J.2
  • 57
    • 0026776206 scopus 로고
    • Gastroesophageal reflux in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition: Effect of supine and semirecumbent positions
    • J. Ibanez A. Penafiel J.M. Raurich P. Marse R. Jorda F. Mata Gastroesophageal reflux in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition: Effect of supine and semirecumbent positions J Parent Enteral Nutr 16 5 1992 419-422
    • (1992) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.16 , Issue.5 , pp. 419-422
    • Ibanez, J.1    Penafiel, A.2    Raurich, J.M.3    Marse, P.4    Jorda, R.5    Mata, F.6
  • 58
    • 0027456324 scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonisation of the ventilated lung
    • T.J. Inglis M.J. Sherratt L.J. Sproat J.S. Gibson P.M. Hawkey Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonisation of the ventilated lung Lancet 341 8850 1993 911-913
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.341 , Issue.8850 , pp. 911-913
    • Inglis, T.J.1    Sherratt, M.J.2    Sproat, L.J.3    Gibson, J.S.4    Hawkey, P.M.5
  • 59
    • 15144343498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition in intensive care patients: A practical approach
    • Working Group on Nutrition and Metabolism, ESICM. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
    • P. Jolliet C. Pichard G. Biolo R. Chiolero G. Grimble X. Leverve Enteral nutrition in intensive care patients: A practical approach. Working Group on Nutrition and Metabolism, ESICM. European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Intens Care Med 24 8 1998 848-859
    • (1998) Intens. Care Med. , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 848-859
    • Jolliet, P.1    Pichard, C.2    Biolo, G.3    Chiolero, R.4    Grimble, G.5    Leverve, X.6
  • 60
    • 0033008277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metoclopramide improves gastric motility in critically ill patients
    • C.A. Jooste J. Mustoe G. Collee Metoclopramide improves gastric motility in critically ill patients Intens Care Med 25 5 1999 464-468
    • (1999) Intens. Care Med. , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 464-468
    • Jooste, C.A.1    Mustoe, J.2    Collee, G.3
  • 61
    • 0033935832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and success in nutrient delivery with gastric versus small intestinal feeding: A randomized clinical trial
    • P.J. Kearns D. Chin L. Mueller K. Wallace W.A. Jensen C.M. Kirsch The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and success in nutrient delivery with gastric versus small intestinal feeding: A randomized clinical trial Crit Care Med 28 6 2000 1742-1746
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.6 , pp. 1742-1746
    • Kearns, P.J.1    Chin, D.2    Mueller, L.3    Wallace, K.4    Jensen, W.A.5    Kirsch, C.M.6
  • 62
    • 0031302469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can an enteral diet decrease sepsis after trauma?
    • B.K. King K.A. Kudsk Can an enteral diet decrease sepsis after trauma? Adv Surg 31 1997 53-78
    • (1997) Adv. Surg. , vol.31 , pp. 53-78
    • King, B.K.1    Kudsk, K.A.2
  • 63
    • 10244251422 scopus 로고
    • Medical Position Statement: Guidelines for the Use of Enteral Nutrition
    • American Gastroenterological Society Accessed 31 January 2003
    • Kirby D Delegge M Fleming C. American Gastroenterological Society. Medical Position Statement: Guidelines for the Use of Enteral Nutrition. http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?action= open&location=gast/aga-pps&id=gast&group=toc#Past%20Issues 1995. Accessed 31 January 2003
    • (1995)
    • Kirby, D.1    Delegge, M.2    Fleming, C.3
  • 64
    • 0026089131 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of continuous nasogastric tube feeding on gastric function: Comparison of a polymeric and a nonpolymeric formula
    • J.H. Kleibeuker W. Boersma-van Ek Acute effects of continuous nasogastric tube feeding on gastric function: Comparison of a polymeric and a nonpolymeric formula J Parent Enteral Nutr 15 1 1991 80-84
    • (1991) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-84
    • Kleibeuker, J.H.1    Boersma-van Ek, W.2
  • 65
    • 0023017510 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of continuous and intermittent enteral nutrition in NICU patients
    • M.J. Kocan S.M. Hickisch A comparison of continuous and intermittent enteral nutrition in NICU patients J Neurosci Nurs 18 6 1986 333-337
    • (1986) J. Neurosci Nurs. , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 333-337
    • Kocan, M.J.1    Hickisch, S.M.2
  • 66
    • 0035175749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: Recent issues on pathogenesis, prevention and diagnosis
    • M. Koeman A.J. van der Ven G. Ramsay I.M. Hoepelman M.J. Bonten Ventilator-associated pneumonia: Recent issues on pathogenesis, prevention and diagnosis J Hosp Infect 49 3 2001 155-162
    • (2001) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 155-162
    • Koeman, M.1    van der Ven, A.J.2    Ramsay, G.3    Hoepelman, I.M.4    Bonten, M.J.5
  • 67
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis
    • M.H. Kollef Ventilator-associated pneumonia. A multivariate analysis. J Am Med Assoc 270 16 1993 1965-1970
    • (1993) J. Am. Med. Assoc. , vol.270 , Issue.16 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 68
    • 0033022461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury
    • L. Kompan B. Kremzar E. Gadzijev M. Prosek Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury Intens Care Med 25 2 1999 157-161
    • (1999) Intens. Care Med. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 157-161
    • Kompan, L.1    Kremzar, B.2    Gadzijev, E.3    Prosek, M.4
  • 69
    • 0032996704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duodenal versus gastric feeding in ventilated blunt trauma patients: A randomized controlled trial
    • J.B. Kortbeek P.I. Haigh C. Doig Duodenal versus gastric feeding in ventilated blunt trauma patients: A randomized controlled trial J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care 46 6 1999 992-996
    • (1999) J. Trauma Injury Infect. Crit. Care , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 992-996
    • Kortbeek, J.B.1    Haigh, P.I.2    Doig, C.3
  • 70
    • 0031742657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-bowel necrosis associated with jejunal tube feeding
    • D.K. Lawlor R.I. Inculet R.A. Malthaner Small-bowel necrosis associated with jejunal tube feeding Can J Surg 41 6 1998 459-462
    • (1998) Can. J. Surg. , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 459-462
    • Lawlor, D.K.1    Inculet, R.I.2    Malthaner, R.A.3
  • 71
    • 0035818305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials
    • S.J. Lewis M. Egger P.A. Sylvester S. Thomas Early enteral feeding versus "nil by mouth" after gastrointestinal surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials Br Med J 323 7316 2001 773-776
    • (2001) Br. Med. J. , vol.323 , Issue.7316 , pp. 773-776
    • Lewis, S.J.1    Egger, M.2    Sylvester, P.A.3    Thomas, S.4
  • 72
    • 0030967440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stopping enteral feeding for arbitrary gastric residual volume may not be physiologically sound: Results of a computer simulation model
    • H.C. Lin G.W. Van Citters Stopping enteral feeding for arbitrary gastric residual volume may not be physiologically sound: Results of a computer simulation model J Parent Enteral Nutr 21 5 1997 286-289
    • (1997) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 286-289
    • Lin, H.C.1    Van Citters, G.W.2
  • 73
    • 0031897781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grains or veins: Is enteral nutrition really better than parenteral nutrition? A look at the evidence
    • T.O. Lipman Grains or veins: Is enteral nutrition really better than parenteral nutrition? A look at the evidence J Parent Enteral Nutr 22 3 1998 167-182
    • (1998) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 167-182
    • Lipman, T.O.1
  • 75
    • 0034006727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential single doses of cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide in critically ill patients intolerant to enteral nutrition: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study
    • R. MacLaren D.A. Kuhl J.M. Gervasio R.O. Brown R.N. Dickerson T.N. Livingston Sequential single doses of cisapride, erythromycin, and metoclopramide in critically ill patients intolerant to enteral nutrition: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study Crit Care Med 28 2 2000 438-444
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 438-444
    • MacLaren, R.1    Kuhl, D.A.2    Gervasio, J.M.3    Brown, R.O.4    Dickerson, R.N.5    Livingston, T.N.6
  • 76
    • 0025234976 scopus 로고
    • Unclogging feeding tubes with pancreatic enzyme
    • S.P. Marcuard K.S. Stegall Unclogging feeding tubes with pancreatic enzyme J Parent Enteral Nutr 14 2 1990 198-200
    • (1990) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 198-200
    • Marcuard, S.P.1    Stegall, K.S.2
  • 77
    • 84990990396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric versus post-pyloric feeding: A systematic review
    • P.E. Marik G.P. Zaloga Gastric versus post-pyloric feeding: A systematic review Crit Care 7 3 2003
    • (2003) Crit. Care , vol.7 , Issue.3
    • Marik, P.E.1    Zaloga, G.P.2
  • 78
    • 2142765463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional intake in the critically ill: Improving practice through research
    • A. Marshall S. West Nutritional intake in the critically ill: Improving practice through research Aust Crit Care 17 1 2004 6-15
    • (2004) Aust. Crit. Care , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 6-15
    • Marshall, A.1    West, S.2
  • 79
    • 0033994271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonocclusive bowel necrosis occurring in critically ill trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition manifests no reliable clinical signs for early detection
    • R.G. Marvin B.A. McKinley M. McQuiggan C.S. Cocanour F.A. Moore Nonocclusive bowel necrosis occurring in critically ill trauma patients receiving enteral nutrition manifests no reliable clinical signs for early detection Am. J. Surg. 179 1 2000 7-12
    • (2000) Am. J. Surg. , vol.179 , Issue.1 , pp. 7-12
    • Marvin, R.G.1    McKinley, B.A.2    McQuiggan, M.3    Cocanour, C.S.4    Moore, F.A.5
  • 80
    • 0036189001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is enteral feeding for everyone?
    • J.A. Maykel B.R. Bistrian Is enteral feeding for everyone? Crit Care Med 30 3 2002 714-716
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 714-716
    • Maykel, J.A.1    Bistrian, B.R.2
  • 81
    • 17544397679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical use of gastric residual volumes as a monitor for patients on enteral tube feeding
    • S.A. McClave H.L. Snider Clinical use of gastric residual volumes as a monitor for patients on enteral tube feeding J Parent Enteral Nutr 26 6 Suppl 2002 S43-S48
    • (2002) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.26 , Issue.6 SUPPL.
    • McClave, S.A.1    Snider, H.L.2
  • 82
    • 0026573994 scopus 로고
    • Use of residual volume as a marker for enteral feeding intolerance: Prospective blinded comparison with physical examination and radiographic findings
    • S.A. McClave H.L. Snider C.C. Lowen A.J. McLaughlin L.M. Greene R.J. et al. McCombs Use of residual volume as a marker for enteral feeding intolerance: Prospective blinded comparison with physical examination and radiographic findings J Parent Enteral Nutr 16 2 1992 99-105
    • (1992) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-105
    • McClave, S.A.1    Snider, H.L.2    Lowen, C.C.3    McLaughlin, A.J.4    Greene, L.M.5    McCombs, R.J.6
  • 83
    • 0032775865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral tube feeding in the intensive care unit. Factors impeding adequate delivery
    • S. McClave L. Sexton D. Spain J. Adams N. Owens M. Sullins et al. Enteral tube feeding in the intensive care unit. Factors impeding adequate delivery Crit Care Med 27 7 1999 1252-1256
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 1252-1256
    • McClave, S.1    Sexton, L.2    Spain, D.3    Adams, J.4    Owens, N.5    Sullins, M.6
  • 85
    • 0028955208 scopus 로고
    • Endogenous bacterial contamination of enteral feeding systems during administration of feeds to hospital patients
    • J. McKinlay A. Anderton W. Wood I.M. Gould Endogenous bacterial contamination of enteral feeding systems during administration of feeds to hospital patients J Hum Nutr Diet 8 1995 3-8
    • (1995) J. Hum. Nutr. Diet. , vol.8 , pp. 3-8
    • McKinlay, J.1    Anderton, A.2    Wood, W.3    Gould, I.M.4
  • 86
    • 0035118401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of system design on bacterial contamination of enteral tube feeds
    • J. McKinlay A. Wildgoose W. Wood I.M. Gould A. Anderton The effect of system design on bacterial contamination of enteral tube feeds J Hosp Infect 47 2 2001 138-142
    • (2001) J. Hosp. Infect. , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-142
    • McKinlay, J.1    Wildgoose, A.2    Wood, W.3    Gould, I.M.4    Anderton, A.5
  • 87
    • 0034780645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Frequency, risk factors, and complications
    • H. Mentec H. Dupont M. Bocchetti P. Cani F. Ponche G. Bleichner Upper digestive intolerance during enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: Frequency, risk factors, and complications Crit Care Med 29 10 2001 1955-1961
    • (2001) Crit. Care Med. , vol.29 , Issue.10 , pp. 1955-1961
    • Mentec, H.1    Dupont, H.2    Bocchetti, M.3    Cani, P.4    Ponche, F.5    Bleichner, G.6
  • 88
    • 0027156321 scopus 로고
    • Minimizing respiratory complications of nasoenteric tube feedings: State of the science
    • N. Metheny Minimizing respiratory complications of nasoenteric tube feedings: State of the science Heart Lung: J Acute Crit Care 22 3 1993 213-223
    • (1993) Heart Lung: J. Acute Crit. Care , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-223
    • Metheny, N.1
  • 91
    • 0030955368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • pH and concentrations of pepsin and trypsin in feeding tube aspirates as predictors of tube placement
    • N.A. Metheny B.J. Stewart L. Smith H. Yan M. Diebold R.E. Clouse pH and concentrations of pepsin and trypsin in feeding tube aspirates as predictors of tube placement J Parent Enteral Nutr 21 5 1997 279-285
    • (1997) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.21 , Issue.5 , pp. 279-285
    • Metheny, N.A.1    Stewart, B.J.2    Smith, L.3    Yan, H.4    Diebold, M.5    Clouse, R.E.6
  • 92
    • 0036305419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of dye-stained enteral formula in detecting pulmonary aspiration
    • N.A. Metheny T.E. Dahms B.J. Stewart K.S. Stone S.J. Edwards J.E. Defer et al. Efficacy of dye-stained enteral formula in detecting pulmonary aspiration Chest 122 1 2002 276-281
    • (2002) Chest , vol.122 , Issue.1 , pp. 276-281
    • Metheny, N.A.1    Dahms, T.E.2    Stewart, B.J.3    Stone, K.S.4    Edwards, S.J.5    Defer, J.E.6
  • 93
    • 0026725752 scopus 로고
    • Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings
    • The Critical Care Research Team
    • M.A. Montecalvo K.A. Steger H.W. Farber B.F. Smith R.C. Dennis G.F. Fitzpatrick et al. Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings. The Critical Care Research Team Crit Care Med 20 10 1992 1377-1387
    • (1992) Crit. Care Med. , vol.20 , Issue.10 , pp. 1377-1387
    • Montecalvo, M.A.1    Steger, K.A.2    Farber, H.W.3    Smith, B.F.4    Dennis, R.C.5    Fitzpatrick, G.F.6
  • 94
    • 0032876087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: A multicenter study
    • The Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units
    • J.C. Montejo Enteral nutrition-related gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: A multicenter study. The Nutritional and Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine and Coronary Units Crit Care Med 27 8 1999 1447-1453
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 1447-1453
    • Montejo, J.C.1
  • 95
    • 0036218528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind study comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients
    • Nutritional, Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care, M. and Coronary, U
    • J.C. Montejo T. Grau J. Acosta S. Ruiz-Santana M. Planas A. Garcia-De-Lorenzo et al. Nutritional, Metabolic Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care, M. and Coronary, U Multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind study comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients Crit Care Med 30 4 2002 796-800
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 796-800
    • Montejo, J.C.1    Grau, T.2    Acosta, J.3    Ruiz-Santana, S.4    Planas, M.5    Garcia-De-Lorenzo, A.6
  • 97
    • 0026505160 scopus 로고
    • Risk of pulmonary aspiration among patients receiving enteral nutrition support
    • H. Mullan R.A. Roubenoff R. Roubenoff Risk of pulmonary aspiration among patients receiving enteral nutrition support J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. 16 2 1992 160-164
    • (1992) J. Parenter. Enter. Nutr. , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 160-164
    • Mullan, H.1    Roubenoff, R.A.2    Roubenoff, R.3
  • 98
    • 0033821734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small bowel necrosis associated with early postoperative jejunal tube feeding in a trauma patient
    • I.A. Munshi J.S. Steingrub L. Wolpert Small bowel necrosis associated with early postoperative jejunal tube feeding in a trauma patient J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care 49 1 2000 163-165
    • (2000) J. Trauma Injury Infect. Crit. Care , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-165
    • Munshi, I.A.1    Steingrub, J.S.2    Wolpert, L.3
  • 99
    • 0036314231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric versus small-bowel tube feeding in the intensive care unit: A prospective comparison of efficacy
    • D.A. Neumann M.H. DeLegge Gastric versus small-bowel tube feeding in the intensive care unit: A prospective comparison of efficacy Crit Care Med 30 7 2002 1436-1438
    • (2002) Crit. Care Med. , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 1436-1438
    • Neumann, D.A.1    DeLegge, M.H.2
  • 100
    • 0029091511 scopus 로고
    • Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients
    • M. Orozco-Levi A. Torres M. Ferrer C. Piera M. el-Ebiary J.P. de la Bellacasa et al. Semirecumbent position protects from pulmonary aspiration but not completely from gastroesophageal reflux in mechanically ventilated patients Am J Respir Crit Care Med 152 4 Pt 1 1995 1387-1390
    • (1995) Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. , vol.152 , Issue.4 PART 1 , pp. 1387-1390
    • Orozco-Levi, M.1    Torres, A.2    Ferrer, M.3    Piera, C.4    el-Ebiary, M.5    de la Bellacasa, J.P.6
  • 101
    • 0026890173 scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition: Accessing patients
    • J. Payne-James Enteral nutrition: Accessing patients Nutrition 8 4 1992 223-231
    • (1992) Nutrition , vol.8 , Issue.4 , pp. 223-231
    • Payne-James, J.1
  • 102
    • 0031182690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition: A hard nut to crack. An exploration of the knowledge, attitudes and activities of qualified nurses in relation to nutritional nursing care
    • L. Perry Nutrition: A hard nut to crack. An exploration of the knowledge, attitudes and activities of qualified nurses in relation to nutritional nursing care J Clin Nurs 6 4 1997 315-324
    • (1997) J. Clin. Nurs. , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-324
    • Perry, L.1
  • 103
    • 0035099014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of gastrointestinal tolerance to two enteral feeding protocols in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized controlled trial
    • J.C. Pinilla J. Samphire C. Arnold L. Liu B. Thiessen Comparison of gastrointestinal tolerance to two enteral feeding protocols in critically ill patients: A prospective, randomized controlled trial J Parent Enteral Nutr 25 2 2001 81-86
    • (2001) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 81-86
    • Pinilla, J.C.1    Samphire, J.2    Arnold, C.3    Liu, L.4    Thiessen, B.5
  • 104
    • 0027391081 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of blue dye visualization and glucose oxidase test strip methods for detecting pulmonary aspiration of enteral feedings in intubated adults
    • R.G. Potts M.H. Zaroukian P.A. Guerrero C.D. Baker Comparison of blue dye visualization and glucose oxidase test strip methods for detecting pulmonary aspiration of enteral feedings in intubated adults Chest 103 1 1993 117-121
    • (1993) Chest , vol.103 , Issue.1 , pp. 117-121
    • Potts, R.G.1    Zaroukian, M.H.2    Guerrero, P.A.3    Baker, C.D.4
  • 106
    • 0033028752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of nutrition in European intensive care units: Results of a questionnaire
    • Working Group on Metabolism and Nutrition of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
    • J.C. Preiser J. Berre Y. Carpentier P. Jolliet C. Pichard A. Van Gossum Management of nutrition in European intensive care units: Results of a questionnaire. Working Group on Metabolism and Nutrition of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Intens Care Med 25 1 1999 95-101
    • (1999) Intens. Care Med. , vol.25 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-101
    • Preiser, J.C.1    Berre, J.2    Carpentier, Y.3    Jolliet, P.4    Pichard, C.5    Van Gossum, A.6
  • 107
    • 0029807586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small bowel necrosis in association with jejunostomy tube feedings
    • J. Rai L.M. Flint J.J. Ferrara Small bowel necrosis in association with jejunostomy tube feedings Am Surg 62 12 1996 1050-1054
    • (1996) Am. Surg. , vol.62 , Issue.12 , pp. 1050-1054
    • Rai, J.1    Flint, L.M.2    Ferrara, J.J.3
  • 109
    • 0029299839 scopus 로고
    • Early administration of enteral nutrients in critically ill patients
    • R.A. Romito Early administration of enteral nutrients in critically ill patients AACN Clin Issues 6 2 1995 242-256
    • (1995) AACN Clin. Issues , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 242-256
    • Romito, R.A.1
  • 110
    • 0026090513 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of pulmonary aspiration in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition through wide- and narrow-bore nasogastric feeding tubes
    • J.A. Sands Incidence of pulmonary aspiration in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition through wide- and narrow-bore nasogastric feeding tubes Heart Lung: J Acute Crit Care 20 1 1991 75-80
    • (1991) Heart Lung: J. Acute Crit. Care , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-80
    • Sands, J.A.1
  • 111
    • 0030017035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early nutritional support in critical illness is important
    • H.C. Sax Early nutritional support in critical illness is important Crit Care Clin 12 3 1996 661-666
    • (1996) Crit. Care Clin. , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 661-666
    • Sax, H.C.1
  • 112
    • 0028902172 scopus 로고
    • Small bowel necrosis associated with postoperative jejunal tube feeding
    • C.D. Schunn J.M. Daly Small bowel necrosis associated with postoperative jejunal tube feeding J Am Coll Surg 180 4 1995 410-416
    • (1995) J. Am. Coll. Surg. , vol.180 , Issue.4 , pp. 410-416
    • Schunn, C.D.1    Daly, J.M.2
  • 113
    • 0023854173 scopus 로고
    • Feeding jejunostomy: A small bowel stress test?
    • P. Smith-Choban M.H. Max Feeding jejunostomy: A small bowel stress test? Am J Surg 155 1 1988 112-117
    • (1988) Am. J. Surg. , vol.155 , Issue.1 , pp. 112-117
    • Smith-Choban, P.1    Max, M.H.2
  • 114
    • 0029562335 scopus 로고
    • Transpyloric passage of feeding tubes in patients with head injuries does not decrease complications
    • D.A. Spain R.C. DeWeese M.A. Reynolds J.D. Richardson Transpyloric passage of feeding tubes in patients with head injuries does not decrease complications J Trauma Injury Infect Crit Care 39 6 1995 1100-1102
    • (1995) J. Trauma Injury Infect. Crit. Care , vol.39 , Issue.6 , pp. 1100-1102
    • Spain, D.A.1    DeWeese, R.C.2    Reynolds, M.A.3    Richardson, J.D.4
  • 116
    • 0028949184 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in critically ill patients is accelerated by adding cisapride to a standard enteral feeding protocol. Results of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
    • H. Spapen L. Duinslaeger M. Diltoer R. Gillet A. Bossuyt P. Huyghens Gastric emptying in critically ill patients is accelerated by adding cisapride to a standard enteral feeding protocol. Results of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial Crit Care Med 23 1995 481-485
    • (1995) Crit. Care Med. , vol.23 , pp. 481-485
    • Spapen, H.1    Duinslaeger, L.2    Diltoer, M.3    Gillet, R.4    Bossuyt, A.5    Huyghens, P.6
  • 117
    • 0029936285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent enteral feeding in mechanically ventilated patients The effect on gastric pH and gastric cultures
    • C.A. Spilker D.R. Hinthorn S.K. Pingleton Intermittent enteral feeding in mechanically ventilated patients The effect on gastric pH and gastric cultures Chest 110 1 1996 243-248
    • (1996) Chest , vol.110 , Issue.1 , pp. 243-248
    • Spilker, C.A.1    Hinthorn, D.R.2    Pingleton, S.K.3
  • 118
    • 33846225724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of continuous vs intermittent nasogastric enteral feeding in trauma patients: Perceptions and practice
    • E.C. Steevens A.F. Lipscomb G.V. Poole G.S. Sacks Comparison of continuous vs intermittent nasogastric enteral feeding in trauma patients: Perceptions and practice Nutr Clin Pract 17 2 2002 118-122
    • (2002) Nutr. Clin. Pract. , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 118-122
    • Steevens, E.C.1    Lipscomb, A.F.2    Poole, G.V.3    Sacks, G.S.4
  • 119
    • 0026518497 scopus 로고
    • Equal aspiration rates from postpylorus and intragastric-placed small-bore nasoenteric feeding tubes: A randomized, prospective study
    • R.M. Strong S.C. Condon M.R. Solinger B.N. Namihas L.A. Ito-Wong J.E. Leuty Equal aspiration rates from postpylorus and intragastric-placed small-bore nasoenteric feeding tubes: A randomized, prospective study J Parent Enteral Nutr 16 1 1992 59-63
    • (1992) J. Parent. Enteral Nutr. , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-63
    • Strong, R.M.1    Condon, S.C.2    Solinger, M.R.3    Namihas, B.N.4    Ito-Wong, L.A.5    Leuty, J.E.6
  • 121
    • 0032732732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury
    • [comment]
    • S.J. Taylor S.B. Fettes C. Jewkes R.J. Nelson Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury [comment] Crit Care Med 27 11 1999 2525-2531
    • (1999) Crit. Care Med. , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 2525-2531
    • Taylor, S.J.1    Fettes, S.B.2    Jewkes, C.3    Nelson, R.J.4
  • 124
    • 0026606379 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position
    • A. Torres J. Serra-Batlles E. Ros C. Piera J. Puig de la Bellacasa A. Cobos et al. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: The effect of body position Ann Inter Med 116 7 1992 540-543
    • (1992) Ann. Inter. Med. , vol.116 , Issue.7 , pp. 540-543
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ros, E.3    Piera, C.4    Puig de la Bellacasa, J.5    Cobos, A.6
  • 125
    • 0021751164 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration in tube-fed patients with artificial airways
    • D.M. Treloar J. Stechmiller Pulmonary aspiration in tube-fed patients with artificial airways Heart Lung: J Acute Crit Care 13 6 1984 667-671
    • (1984) Heart Lung: J. Acute Crit. Care , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 667-671
    • Treloar, D.M.1    Stechmiller, J.2
  • 127
    • 0028833778 scopus 로고
    • Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • J. Valles A. Artigas J. Rello N. Bonsoms D. Fontanals L. Blanch et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia Ann Inter Med 122 3 1995 179-186
    • (1995) Ann. Inter. Med. , vol.122 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-186
    • Valles, J.1    Artigas, A.2    Rello, J.3    Bonsoms, N.4    Fontanals, D.5    Blanch, L.6
  • 129
    • 0034036624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metoclopramide for preventing pneumonia in critically ill patients receiving enteral tube feeding: A randomized controlled trial
    • D.R. Yavagal D.R. Karnad J.L. Oak Metoclopramide for preventing pneumonia in critically ill patients receiving enteral tube feeding: A randomized controlled trial Crit Care Med 28 5 2000 1408-1411
    • (2000) Crit. Care Med. , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 1408-1411
    • Yavagal, D.R.1    Karnad, D.R.2    Oak, J.L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.