The origin of multicellularity in cyanobacteria

BMC Evolutionary Biology

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Schirrmeister, Bettina E ^a   Antonelli, Alexandre ^a,b   Bagheri, Homayoun C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b GOTHENBURG BOTANICAL GARDEN   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANCESTRY; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CYANOBACTERIUM; EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY; FOSSIL RECORD; GENETIC VARIATION; MICROPALEONTOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; PHYLOGENETICS; TAXONOMY;

CYANOBACTERIA; PROKARYOTA;

BACTERIAL DNA; RNA 16S;

ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CLASSIFICATION; CYANOBACTERIUM; DNA SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; GENETICS; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; STATISTICAL MODEL;

BAYES THEOREM; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; CYANOBACTERIA; DNA, BACTERIAL; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MODELS, GENETIC; PHYLOGENY; RNA, RIBOSOMAL, 16S; SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA;

EID: 79851516180     PISSN: None     EISSN: 14712148     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-45     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. RE Blankenship, Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis Blackwell Science, Oxford 2002
2. Dating the rise of atmospheric oxygen. A Bekker HD Holland PL Wang D Rumble HJ Stein JL Hannah LL Coetzee NJ Beukes, Nature 2004 427 6970 117 120 10.1038/nature02260 14712267 (Pubitemid 38094946)
3. The paleoproterozoic snowball Earth: A climate disaster triggered by the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. RE Kopp JL Kirschvink IA Hilburn CZ Nash, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2005 102 32 11131 11136 10.1073/pnas.0504878102 16061801 (Pubitemid 41153787)
4. The evolutionary diversification of cyanobacteria: Molecular-phylogenetic and paleontological perspectives. A Tomitani AH Knoll CM Cavanaugh T Ohno, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 2006 103 14 5442 5447 10.1073/pnas.0600999103 16569695
5. Evolutionary biology: Out of thin air. JF Allen W Martin, Nature 2007 445 610 612 10.1038/445610a 17287803 (Pubitemid 46232875)
6. Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. B Rasmussen IR Fletcher JJ Brocks MR Kilburn, Nature 2008 455 7216 1101 U9 10.1038/nature07381 18948954
7. Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes. R Frei C Gaucher SW Poulton DE Canfield, Nature 2009 461 7261 250 U125 10.1038/nature08266 19741707
8. Generic Assignments, Strain Histories and Properties of Pure Cultures of Cyanobacteria. R Rippka J Deruelles JB Waterbury M Herdman RY Stanier, Journal Of General Microbiology 1979 111 1 61 (Pubitemid 9142236)
9. RW Castenholz, Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Archaea and the Deeply Branching and Phototropic Bacteria: Cyanobacteria Springer Verlag 2001
10. The Origin of Multicellularity. JT Bonner, Integr Biol 1998 1 28 36
11. Motility, mixing, and multicellularity. C Solari J Kessler RE Goldstein, Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines 2007 8 115 129 10.1007/s10710-007- 9029-7 (Pubitemid 46904473)
12. Modes of pre-Ediacaran multicellularity. NJ Butterfield, Precambrian Research 2009 173 1-4 201 211 10.1016/j.precamres.2009.01.008
13. Observation of Mieroplasmodesmata in both Heterocyst-Forming and Non-Heterocyst Forming Filamentous Cyanobacteria by Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy. TJ Giddings LA Staehelin, Archives of Microbiology 1981 129 295 298 10.1007/BF00414700
14. Is the periplasm continuous in filamentous multicellular cyanobacteria? E Flores A Herrero CP Wolk I Maldener, Trends in Microbiology 2006 14 439 443 10.1016/j.tim.2006.08.007 16934472 (Pubitemid 44375022)
15. Mechanism of intercellular molecular exchange in heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria. CW Mullineaux V Mariscal A Nenninger H Khanum A Herrero E Flores DG Adams, European Molecular Biology Organization Journal 2008 27 1299 1308 (Pubitemid 351655179)
16. Compartmentalized function through cell differentiation in filamentous cyanobacteria. E Flores A Herrero, Nature Reviews Microbiology 2010 8 39 50 10.1038/nrmicro2242 19966815
17. JT Bonner, The evolution of complexity by means of natural selection Princeton University Press 1988
18. Precambrian Microflora, Belcher Islands, Canada - Significance And Systematics. HJ Hofmann, Journal Of Paleontology 1976 50 6 1040 1073
19. Microfossils in 2000 Ma old cherty stromatolites of the Franceville Group, Gabon. B Amard J Bertrand-Sarfati, Precambrian Research 1997 81 3-4 197 221 10.1016/S0301-9268(96)00035-6
20. Disparate rates, differing fates: Tempo and mode of evolution changed from the Precambrian to the Phanerozoic. JW Schopf, PNAS 1994 91 6735 6742 10.1073/pnas.91.15.6735 8041691 (Pubitemid 24226741)
21. The distribution of microfossil assemblages in Proterozoic rocks. VN Sergeev, Precambrian Research 2009 173 1-4 212 222 10.1016/j.precamres.2009.04. 002
22. Microfossils And Possible Microfossils From The Early Archean Onverwacht Group, Barberton Mountain Land, South-Africa. MM Walsh, Precambrian Research 1992 54 2-4 271 293 10.1016/0301-9268(92)90074-X 11540926
23. Photosynthetic microbial mats in the 3,416-Myr-old ocean. MM Tice DR Lowe, Nature 2004 431 549 552 10.1038/nature02888 15457255 (Pubitemid 39336331)
24. Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. JW Schopf AB Kudryavtsec AD Czaja AB Tripathi, Precambrian Research 2006 158 141 155 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009
25. The 3.466 Ga "Kitty's Gap Chert," an early Archean microbial ecosystem. F Westall ST de Vries W Nijman V Rouchon B Orberger V Pearson J Watson A Verchovsky I Wright JN Rouzaud D Marchesini A Severine, GSA Special Papers 2006 405 105 131
26. D Wacey, Early Life on Earth: A practical Guide Springer 2009
27. Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex Chert: New Evidence of the Antiquity of life. JW Schopf, Science 1993 260 640 646 10.1126/science.260.5108. 640 11539831 (Pubitemid 23392043)
28. Evidence of archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils. JW Schopf AB Kudryavtsev AD Czaja AB Tripathi, Precambrian Research 2007 158 3-4 141 155 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009 (Pubitemid 47381471)
29. Earth's oldest (similar to 3.5 Ga) fossils and the 'Early Eden hypothesis': Questioning the evidence. M Brasier O Green J Lindsay A Steele, Origins Of Life And Evolution Of The Biosphere 2004 34 1-2 257 269 10.1023/B:ORIG.0000009845.62244.d3 14979661 (Pubitemid 38171056)
30. A fresh look at the fossil evidence for early Archaean cellular life. M Brasier N McLoughlin O Green D Wacey, Phil Trans R Soc B 2006 361 887 902 10.1098/rstb.2006.1835 16754605 (Pubitemid 44858907)
31. Evolutionary Relationships Among Cyanobacteria And Green Chloroplasts. SJ Giovannoni S Turner GJ Olsen S Barns DJ Lane NR Pace, Journal of Bacteriology 1988 170 3584 3592 3136142
32. Detection of seven major evolutionary lineages in cyanobacteria based on the 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis with new sequences of five marine Synechococcus strains. D Honda A Yokota J Sugiyama, Journal Of Molecular Evolution 1999 48 6 723 739 10.1007/PL00006517 10229577 (Pubitemid 29287963)
33. Investigating deep phylogenetic relationships among cyanobacteria and plastids by small submit rRNA sequence analysis. S Turner KM Pryer VP Miao JD Palmer, Journal Of Eukaryotic Microbiology 1999 46 4 327 338 10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04612.x 10461381 (Pubitemid 29400753)
34. Evidence for polyphyletic origin of the members of the orders of Oscillatoriales and Pleurocapsales as determined by 16 S rDNA analysis. T Ishida MM Watanabe J Sugiyama A Yokota, Fems Microbiology Letters 2001 201 79 82 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2001.tb10736.x 11445171 (Pubitemid 32607523)
35. Phylogenetic and morphological diversity of cyanobacteria in soil desert crusts from the Colorado Plateau. F Garcia-Pichel A Lopez-Cortes U Nubel, Applied And Environmental Microbiology 2001 67 4 1902 1910 10.1128/AEM.67.4. 1902-1910.2001 11282648 (Pubitemid 33644965)
36. A molecular test of cyanobacterial phylogeny: inferences from constraint analyses. MK Litvaitis, Hydrobiologia 2002 468 135 145 10.1023/A:1015262621848 (Pubitemid 34572946)
37. Morphological and habitat evolution in the Cyanobacteria using a compartmentalization approach. P Sanchez-Baracaldo PK Hayes CE Blank, Geobiology 2005 3 3 145 165 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00050.x (Pubitemid 43942995)
38. Integrating markov clustering and molecular phylogenetics to reconstruct the cyanobacterial species tree from conserved protein families. WD Swingley RE Blankenship J Raymond, Molecular Biology And Evolution 2008 25 4 643 654 10.1093/molbev/msn034 18296704 (Pubitemid 351398336)
39. Timing of morphological and ecological innovations in the cyanobacteria - a key to understanding the rise in atmospheric oxygen. C Blank P Sanchez-Baracaldo, Geobiology 2010 8 1 23 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00220.x 19863595
40. Phylogenetic classification and the universal tree. WF Doolittle, Science 1999 284 5423 2124 2128 10.1126/science.284.5423.2124 10381871 (Pubitemid 29297466)
41. Stochastic models for horizontal gene transfer: Taking a random walk through tree space. MA Suchard, Genetics 2005 170 419 431 10.1534/genetics.103. 025692 15781714 (Pubitemid 40800003)
42. PentaPlot: A software tool for the illustration of genome mosaicism. L Hamel O Zhaxybayeva JP Gogarten, BMC Bioinformatics 2005 6 139 10.1186/1471-2105-6-139 15938752
43. The photosynthetic apparatus of Prochlorococcus: Insights through comparative genomics. WR Hess G Rocap CS Ting F Larimer S Stilwagen J Lamerdin SW Chisholm, Photosynthesis Research 2001 70 53 71 10.1023/A:1013835924610 16228362 (Pubitemid 34128538)
44. Phylogenetic analyses of Synechococcus strains (cyanobacteria) using sequences of 16 S rDNA and part of the phycocyanin operon reveal multiple evolutionary lines and reflect phycobilin content. BR Robertson N Tezuka MM Watanabe, International Journal Of Systematic And Evolutionary Microbiology 2001 51 861 871 11411708 (Pubitemid 32499288)
45. Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation. G Rocap FW Larimer J Lamerdin S Malfatti P Chain NA Ahlgren A Arellano M Coleman L Hauser WR Hess ZI Johnson M Land D Lindell AF Post W Regala M Shah SL Shaw C Steglich MB Sullivan CS Ting A Tolonen EA Webb ER Zinser SW Chisholm, Nature 2003 424 6952 1042 1047 10.1038/nature01947 12917642 (Pubitemid 37064302)
46. Ecosystem-dependent adaptive radiations of picocyanobacteria inferred from 16 S rRNA and ITS-1 sequence analysis. A Ernst S Becker UIA Wollenzien C Postius, Microbiology-Sgm 2003 149 217 228 10.1099/mic.0.25475-0 (Pubitemid 36175692)
47. Unraveling the genomic mosaic of a ubiquitous genus of marine cyanobacteria. A Dufresne M Ostrowski DJ Scanlan L Garczarek S Mazard BP Palenik IT Paulsen NT de Marsac P Wincker C Dossat S Ferriera J Johnson AF Post WR Hess F Partensky, Genome Biology 2008 9 5 90. 10.1186/gb-2008-9-5-r90 18507822
48. Ecological Genomics of Marine Picocyanobacteria. DJ Scanlan M Ostrowski S Mazard A Dufresne L Garczarek WR Hess AF Post M Hagemann I Paulsen F Partensky, Microbiology And Molecular Biology Reviews 2009 73 2 249 10.1128/MMBR.00035-08 19487728
49. Eubacterial phylogeny based on translational apparatus proteins. C Brochier E Bapteste D Moreira H Philippe, Trends in Genetics 2002 18 1 4 10.1016/S0168-9525(01)02522-7 11750686
50. A genomic timescale of prokaryote evolution: insights into the origin of methanogenesis, phototrophy, and the colonization of land. FU Battistuzzi A Feijao SB Hedges, BMC Evolutionary Biology 2004 4 44 1 14 15535883
51. Toward Automatic Reconstruction of a Highly Resolved Tree of Life. F Ciccarelli T Doerks C von Mering CJ Creevey B Snel P Bork, Science 2006 311 1283 1286 10.1126/science.1123061 16513982
52. A Major Clade of Prokaryotes with Ancient Adaptations to Life on Land. FU Battistuzzi SB Hedges, Mol Biol Evol 2009 26 2 335 343 10.1093/molbev/msn247 18988685
53. Phylogenetic Analysis Of Tufa Sequences Indicates A Cyanobacterial Origin Of All Plastids. CF Delwiche M Kuhsel JD Palmer, Molecular Phylogenetics And Evolution 1995 4 2 110 128 10.1006/mpev.1995.1012 7663757
54. The phylogenetic relationships of cyanobacteria inferred from 16SrRNA, gyrB, rpoC1 and rpoD1 gene sequences. PS Seo A Yokota, The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 2003 49 191 203 10.2323/jgam.49.191 12949700 (Pubitemid 37160913)
55. Photosystem I from the unusual cyanobacterium Gloeobacter violaceus. D Mangels J Kruip S Berry M Rögner EJ Boekema F Koenig, Photosynthesis Research 2002 72 307 319 10.1023/A:1019822316789 16228529 (Pubitemid 35021970)
56. Complete Genome Structure of Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421 a Cyanobacterium that Lacks Thylakoids. Y Nakamura T Kaneko S Sato M Mimuro H Myashita T Tsuchiya S Sasamoto A Watanabe K Kawashima Y Kishida C Kiyokawa M Kohara M Matsumoto A Matsuno N Nakazaki S Shimpo C Takeuchi M Yamada S Tabata, DNA Research 2003 10 137 145 10.1093/dnares/10.4.137 14621292 (Pubitemid 37288299)
57. Phylogenetic mapping of bacterial morphology. JL Siefert GE Fox, Microbiology And Molecular Biology Reviews 1998 144 2803 2808 (Pubitemid 28486429)
58. Mat-forming coccoid cyanobacteria from early Silurian marine deposits of Sudetes, Poland. B Kremer, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 2006 51 143 154 (Pubitemid 43264257)
59. Polyphyly of true branching cyanobacteria (Stigonematales). MF Gugger L Hoffmann, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2004 54 349 357 10.1099/ijs.0.02744-0 15023942 (Pubitemid 38443725)
60. Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. WP Maddison DR Maddison, Version 2.71 2009 http://mesquiteproject.org
61. Reliability of Bayesian Posterior Probabilities and Bootstrap Frequencies in Phylogenetics. P Erixon B Svennblad T Britton B Oxelman, Syst Biol 2003 52 5 665 673 10.1080/10635150390235485 14530133 (Pubitemid 37365047)
62. Frequentist Properties of Bayesian Posterior Probabilities of Phylogenetic Trees Under Simple and Complex Substitution Models. J Huelsenbeck B Rannala, Syst Biol 2004 53 6 904 913 10.1080/10635150490522629 15764559 (Pubitemid 40141314)
63. The Posterior and the Prior in Bayesian Phylogenetics. ME Alfaro MT Holder, Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2006 37 19 42 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.37.091305. 110021 (Pubitemid 44907611)
64. The Smallest Known Genomes of Multicellular and Toxic Cyanobacteria: Comparison, Minimal Gene Sets for Linked Traits and the Evolutionary Implications. K Stucken U John A Cembella AA Murillo K Soto-Liebe JJ Fuentes-Valdés M Friedel A Plominsky AM Vquez G Glöckner, PLoS One 2010 5 2 9235. 10.1371/journal.pone.0009235 20169071
65. Eukaryotic organisms in Proterozoic oceans. AH Knoll EJ Javaux D Hewitt P Cohen, Phil Trans R Soc B 2006 361 1023 1038 10.1098/rstb.2006.1843 16754612 (Pubitemid 44858913)
66. LW Buss, The Evolution of Individuality Princeton University Press 1987
67. J Maynard Smith E Szathmry, The Major Transitions in Evolution W.H. Freeman and Spektrum 1995
68. Slime molds, ascidians, and the utility of evolutionary theory. LW Buss, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1999 96 16 8801 8803 10.1073/pnas.96.16.8801 10430843 (Pubitemid 29374655)
69. RE Michod, Darwinian Dynamics-Evolutionary Transitions in Fitness and Individuality Princeton University Press 1999
70. Genetic heterogeneity within organisms and the evolution of individuality. J Tuomi, Journal Of Evolutionary Biology 2004 17 6 1182 1183 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00811.x 15525399 (Pubitemid 39471170)
71. Multiple Molecular Data Sets Suggest Independent Origins of Highly Eusocial Behavior in Bees (Hymenoptera: Apinae). SA Cameron P Mardulyn, Syst Biol 2001 50 194 214 10.1080/10635150151125851 12116928
72. Evolution of sociality in a primitively eusocial lineage of bees. BN Danforth, PNAS 2002 99 286 290 10.1073/pnas.012387999 11782550 (Pubitemid 34060355)
73. Chance and necessity: the evolution of morphological complexity and diversity. SB Carroll, Nature 2001 409 1102 1109 10.1038/35059227 11234024 (Pubitemid 32204066)
74. The Unicellular Ancestry of Animal Development. N King, Developmental Cell 2004 7 313 325 10.1016/j.devcel.2004.08.010 15363407 (Pubitemid 39236435)
75. The Evolution of Multicellularity: A Minor Major Transition? RK Grosberg RR Strathmann, Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2007 38 621 54 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys. 36.102403.114735
76. Phylogeny of Eusocial Lasioglossum Reveals Multiple Losses of Eusociality Within a Primitively Eusocial Clade of Bees (Hymenoptera:Halictidae). BN Danforth L Conway J Shuqing, Syst Biol 2003 52 23 36 10.1080/10635150390132687 12554437 (Pubitemid 36300056)
77. A case of reversal: The evolution and maintenance of sexuals from parthenogenetic clones in Hieracium pilosella. H Chapman GJ Houliston B Robson I Iline, International Journal of Plant Science 2003 164 719 728 10.1086/376819 (Pubitemid 37417964)
78. Loss and recovery of wings in stick insects. MF Whiting S Bradler T Maxwell, Nature 2003 421 264 267 10.1038/nature01313 12529642 (Pubitemid 36139129)
79. Reevolution of sexuality breaks Dollo's law. K Domes RA Norton M Maraun S Scheu, PNAS 2007 104 7139 7144 10.1073/pnas.0700034104 17438282 (Pubitemid 47186022)
80. Genetic changes associated with floral adaptation restrict future evolutionary potential. RA Zufall MD Rausher, Nature 2004 428 847 850 10.1038/nature02489 15103375 (Pubitemid 38529497)
81. Ancient polymorphism reveals unidirectional breeding system shifts. B Igic L Bohs JR Kohn, PNAS 2006 103 1359 1363 10.1073/pnas.0506283103 16428289 (Pubitemid 43191170)
82. On Irreversible Evolution. JJ Bull EL Charnov, Evolution 1985 39 1149 1155 10.2307/2408742
83. Questioning the evidence for Earth's oldest fossils. MD Brasier OR Green AP Jephcoat AK Kleppe MJ Van Kranendonk JF Lindsay A Steele NV Grassineau, Nature 2002 416 76 81 10.1038/416076a 11882895 (Pubitemid 34215402)
84. A new window into Early Archean life: Microbial mats in Earth's oldest siliciclastic tidal deposits (3.2 Ga Moodies Group, South Africa). N Noffke KA Eriksson RM Hazen EL Simpson, Geology 2006 34 253 256 10.1130/G22246.1
85. Diverse microstructures from Archaean chert from the mount goldsworthy-mount grant area, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia: Microfossils, dubiofossils, or pseudofossils? K Sugitani K Grey A Allwood T Nagaoka K Mimura M Minami CP Marshall MJ Van Kranendonk MR Walter, Precambrian Research 2007 158 228 262 10.1016/j.precamres.2007.03.006 (Pubitemid 47374911)
86. Microbial remains in some earliest Earth rocks: Comparison with a potential modern analogue. LJ Glikson Mand Duck ASD Golding Axel Hofmann R Bolhar R Webb J Baiano L Sly, Precambrian Research 2008 164 187 200 10.1016/j.precamres.2008.05.002
87. Use of NanoSIMS in the search for early life on Earth: ambient inclusion trails in a c. 3400 Ma sandstone. D Wacey MR Kilburn N McLoughlin J Parnell CA Stoake CRM Grovenor MD Brasier, Journal of the Geological Society 2008 1 43 53 10.1144/0016-76492007-032
88. Filamentous microfossils in the early proterozoic transvaal supergroup: their morphology, significance, and paleoenvironmental setting. C Klein NJ Beukes JW Schopf, Precambrian Research 1987 36 81 94 10.1016/0301-9268(87)90018- 0
89. Microfossils from the Neoarchean Campbell Group, Griqualand West Sequence of the Transvaal Supergroup, and their paleoenvironmental and evolutionary implications. W Altermann JW Schopf, Precambrian Research 1995 75 65 90 10.1016/0301-9268(95)00018-Z 11542814 (Pubitemid 26459239)
90. Early Archean (3.3-Billion to 3.5-Billion-Year-Old) Microfossils from Warrawoona Group, Australia. JW Schopf BM Packer, Science 1987 237 70 73 10.1126/science.11539686 11539686 (Pubitemid 17264400)
91. Archaean Microfossils Showing Cell Division from the Swaziland System of South Africa. AH Knoll ES Barghoorn, Science 1977 198 396 398 10.1126/science.198.4315.396 17809440
92. Alga-Like Fossils from the Early Precambrian of South Africa. JW Schopf ES Barghoorn, Science 1967 156 506 512 10.1126/science.156.3774.508
93. The evolutionary path to terminal differentiation and division of labor in cyanobacteria. V Rossetti BE Schirrmeister MV Bernasconi HC Bagheri, Journal of Theoretical Biology 2010 262 1 23 34 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.09.009 19761779
94. A Whiff of Oxygen Before the Great Oxidation Event? AD Anbar Y Duan TW Lyons GL Arnold B Kendall RA Creaser AJ Kaufman GW Gordon C Scott J Garvin R Buick, Science 2007 317 1903 1906 10.1126/science.1140325 17901330 (Pubitemid 47509432)
95. Macroevolution and macroecology through deep time. NJ Butterfield, Palaeontology 2007 50 41 55 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2006.00613.x (Pubitemid 46055989)
96. Evolution: Tempo and Mode. JD Damuth, Encyclopedia of Life Science 2001 1 7
97. Ecological Theory For Sudden Origin Of Multicellular Life In Late Precambrian - (Adaptive Radiation-Cambrian-Evolution-Paleontology-Predation). SM Stanley, Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 1973 70 5 1486 1489 10.1073/pnas.70.5.1486 16592084
98. Phagotrophy by a flagellate selects for colonial prey: A possible origin of multicellularity. ME Boraas DB Seale JE Boxhorn, Evolutionary Ecology 1998 12 2 153 164 10.1023/A:1006527528063 (Pubitemid 28131588)
99. Building a multicellular organism. D Kaiser, Annual Review Of Genetics 2001 35 103 123 10.1146/annurev.genet.35.102401.090145 11700279 (Pubitemid 34032972)
100. Selective advantage for multicellular replicative strategies: A two-cell example. E Tannenbaum, Physical Review E 2006 73 010904 10.1103/PhysRevE.73. 010904 (Pubitemid 43254298)
101. MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform. K Katoh K Misawa K Kuma T Miyata, Nucleic Acids res 2002 30 3059 3066 10.1093/nar/gkf436 12136088 (Pubitemid 34851225)
102. The CIPRES Portals. CIPRES. M Miller M Holder R Vos P Midford T Liebowitz L Chan P Hoover T Warnow, 2009 http://www.phylo.org/sub-sections/portal
103. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/97/NT. T Hall, Oxford University Press 1999 41 95 98
104. RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. A Stamatakis, Bioinformatics 2006 22 21 2688 2690 10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446 16928733 (Pubitemid 44642609)
105. A New Method For Calculating Evolutionary Substitution Rates. C Lanave G Preparata C Saccone G Serio, Journal Of Molecular Evolution 1984 20 86 93 10.1007/BF02101990 6429346 (Pubitemid 14116237)
106. The General Stochastic-Model Of Nucleotide Substitution. F Rodriguez JL Oliver A Marin JR Medina, Journal Of Theoretical Biology 1990 142 4 485 501 10.1016/S0022-5193(05)80104-3 2338834
107. The CLUSTAL-X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. JD Thompson TJ Gibson F Plewniak F Jeanmougin DG Higgins, Nucleic Acids Research 1997 25 24 4876 4882 10.1093/nar/25.24.4876 9396791
108. MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. F Ronquist JP Huelsenbeck, Bioinformatics 2003 19 12 1572 1574 10.1093/bioinformatics/ btg180 12912839 (Pubitemid 37038874)
109. DAMBE: Data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. X Xia Z Xie, Journal of Heredity 2001 92 371 373 10.1093/jhered/92.4.371 11535656 (Pubitemid 32848767)
110. Data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. X Xia, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston 2001
111. An index of substitution saturation and its application. X Xia Z Xie M Salemi M Chen Y Wang, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2003 26 1 7 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00326-3 12470932 (Pubitemid 36029247)
112. Genetic algorithm approaches for the phylogenetic analysis of large biological sequence datasets under the maximum likelihood criterion. DJ Zwickl, PhD-Dissertation The University of Texas at Austin 2006
113. MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution. D Posada KA Crandall, Bioinformatics 1998 14 9 817 818 10.1093/bioinformatics/14.9.817 9918953 (Pubitemid 28552116)
114. SumTrees: Summarization of Split Support on Phylogenetic Trees. Version 1.0.2. J Sukumaran, DendroPy Phylogenetic Computation Library Version 2.0.3 2008
115. Tracer v1.4 [online]. A Rambaut AJ Drummond, 2007 http://tree.bio.ed.ac. uk/software/tracer/
116. AWTY: A system for graphical exploration of MCMC convergence in Bayesian phylogenetic inference. JC Wilgenbusch DL Warren DL Swofford, 2004 http://ceb.csit.fsu.edu/awty
117. Bayesian estimation of ancestral character states on phylogenies. M Pagel A Meade D Barker, Systematic Biology 2004 53 673 684 10.1080/10635150490522232 15545248 (Pubitemid 39579641)
118. The rise of continents - An essay on the geologic consequences of photosynthesis. MT Rosing DK Bird NH Sleep W Glassley F Albarede, Science direct 2006 232 99 113 (Pubitemid 43363432)
119. Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and ceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. SA Wilde JW Valley WH Peck CM Graham, Nature 2001 409 175 178 10.1038/35051550 11196637 (Pubitemid 32144279)
120. Low-latitude glaciation in the Palaeoproterozoic era. DA Evans NJ Beukes JL Kirschvink, Nature 1997 386 262 266 10.1038/386262a0 (Pubitemid 27142508)