A W-band CMOS receiver chipset for millimeter-wave radiometer systems

IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits

Volumn 46, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 378-391

  Zhou, Lei ^a   Wang, Chun Cheng ^a   Chen, Zhiming ^a   Heydari, Payam ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

94 GHz; CMOS; detector; frequency conversion; millimeter wave; passive imaging; radiometer

Indexed keywords

1/F NOISE; 94 GHZ; ADVANCED CMOS; BASE BANDS; CHIP SETS; CHIPSET; CMOS; CMOS RECEIVERS; DIRECT CONVERSION RECEIVERS; FREQUENCY CONVERSION; INJECTION LOCKED; INTEGRATION TIME; LO GENERATION; MILLIMETER-WAVE RADIOMETERS; MODERATE INVERSION; MULTI-PIXEL; NOISE EQUIVALENT POWER; NOISE PERFORMANCE; OPTIMUM BIASING; PASSIVE IMAGING; PASSIVE MILLIMETER WAVE IMAGING; PEAK GAIN; PEAK RESPONSIVITY; RECEIVER DESIGN; RESPONSIVITY; STANDARD CMOS TECHNOLOGY; W-BAND RECEIVERS;

CMOS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS; DESIGN; DETECTORS; DIRECT INJECTION; METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS; MILLIMETER WAVES; RADIOMETERS; RADIOMETRY;

MILLIMETER WAVE DEVICES;

EID: 79551527989     PISSN: 00189200     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2010.2092995     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. C. Martin et al., "Advances in millimeter-wave imaging technology for enhanced vision systems," in Proc. Digital Avionics Systems Conf., Dec. 2002, pp. 11D4-1-11D4-8.
2. M. R. Fetterman et al., "Simulation, acquisition and analysis of passive millimeter-wave images in remote sensing applications," Opt. Express, vol. 16, pp. 20503-20515, Dec. 2008.
3. R. Appleby et al., "Millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave imaging for security and surveillance," IEEE Proc., vol. 95, no. 8, pp. 1683-1690, Aug. 2007.
4. "Assessment of Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Technology for Detection and Identification of Concealed Explosives andWeapons," National Research Council, National Academies Press, 2007.
5. S. Oka et al., "Latest trends in millimeter-wave imaging technology," Progress in Electromagnetics Research Lett., vol. 1, pp. 197-204, 2008.
6. L. Yujiri et al., "Passive millimeter wave imaging," IEEE Microwave Mag., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 39-50, Sep. 2003.
7. C. Marcu et al., "A 90 nm CMOS low-power 60 GHz transceiver with integrated baseband circuitry," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2009, pp. 314-315.
8. A. Tomkins et al., "A zero-IF 60 GHz 65 nm CMOS transceiver with direct BPSK modulation demonstrating up to 6 Gb/s data rates over a 2 m wireless link," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 2085-2099, Aug. 2009.
9. S. T. Nicolson et al., "Single-chip W-band SiGe HBT transceivers and receivers for doppler radar and millimeter-wave imaging," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 2206-2217, Oct. 2008.
10. V. Jain et al., "A single-chip dual-band 22-to-29 GHz/77-to-81 GHz BiCMOS transceiver for automotive radars," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2009, pp. 314-315.
11. Y. Kawano et al., "A 77 GHz transceiver in 90 nm CMOS," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2009, pp. 310-311.
12. E. Laskin et al., "A 95 GHz receiver with fundamental-frequency VCO and static frequency divider in 65 nm digital CMOS," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2008, pp. 180-605.
13. E. Ojefors and U. Pfeiffer, "A 94-GHz monolithic front-end for imaging arrays in SiGe:C technology," in Proc. Microwave Integrated Circuit Conf., Oct. 2008, pp. 422-425.
14. A. Tomkins et al., "A 94 GHz SPST switch in 65 nm bulk CMOS," in Proc. Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuits Symp. (CSICS), Oct. 2008, pp. 1-4.
15. W. Winkler et al., "94 GHz amplifier in SiGe technology," in Proc. Microwave Integrated Circuit Conf., Oct. 2008, pp. 167-170.
16. E. Ojefors et al., "A 0.65 THz focal-plane array in a quarter-micron CMOS process technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 7, pp. 1968-1976, Jul. 2009.
17. J. W. May and G. M. Rebeiz, "High-performance W-band SiGe RFICs for passive millimeter-wave imaging," in Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp. Dig., Jun. 2009, pp. 437-440.
18. A. Tomkins et al., "A passive W-band imaging receiver in 65-nm bulk CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1981-1991, Oct. 2010.
19. N. Skou and D. L. Vine, Microwave Radiometer Systems: Design and Analysis, 2nd ed. Boston, MA: Artech House, 2006.
20. M. Tiuri, "Radio astronomy receivers," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-12, no. 7, pp. 930-938, Dec. 1964.
21. A. H. Lettington et al., "Passive millimetre-wave imaging architectures," J. Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, vol. 5, pp. S103-S110, 2003.
22. P. J. Rice et al., "Development of a low cost 94 GHz imaging receiver using multi-layer liquid crystal polymer technology," in Proc. SPIE, May 2008, vol. 6948, pp. 694809-1-694809-11.
23. R. H. Dicke, "The measurement of thermal radiation at microwave frequencies," Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 17, pp. 268-275, Jul. 1946.
24. W. Deal, L. Yujiri, M. Siddiqui, and R. Lai, "Advanced MMIC for passive millimeter and submillimeter wave imaging," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2007, pp. 572-573.
25. H. Kim et al., "SiGe IC-based mm-wave imager," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, May 2007, pp. 1975-1978.
26. L. Gilreath et al., "A 94-GHz passive imaging receiver using a balanced LNA with embedded Dicke switch," in IEEE RFIC Symp., May 2010.
27. K.-H. Tsai and S.-I. Liu, "A 43.7 mW 96 GHz PLL in 65 nm CMOS," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2009, pp. 276-277.
28. M. Sato et al., "Advanced MMIC receiver for 94-GHz band passive millimeter-wave imager," IEICE Trans. Electron., vol. E92.C, no. 9, pp. 1124-1129, 2009.
29. T. S. D. Cheung et al., "On-chip interconnect for mm-wave applications using an all-copper technology and wavelength reduction," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2003, pp. 396-501.
30. M. Repossi et al., "Design of low-loss transmission lines in scaled CMOS by accurate electromagnetic simulations," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2605-2615, Sep. 2009.
31. C. H. Doan et al., "Millimeter-wave CMOS design," IEEE J. Solid- State Circuits, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 144-155, Jan. 2005.
32. M. Varonen et al., "Millimeter-wave integrated circuits in 65-nm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 1991-2002, Sep. 2008.
33. T. Suzuki et al., "A 90 Gb/s 2:1 multiplexer IC in InP-based HEMT technology," in IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 2002, pp. 192-193.
34. X. Li et al., "A novel design approach for GHz CMOS low noise amplifiers," in Proc. IEEE Radio and Wireless Conf., Aug. 1999, pp. 285-288.
35. S. Pellerano et al., "A 64 GHz LNA with 15.5 dB gain and 6.5 dB NF in 90 nm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 1542-1552, Jul. 2008.
36. K. Kwok and J. R. Long, "Bilateral design of mm-wave LNA and receiver front-end in 90 nm CMOS," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits and Systems, May 2008, pp. 181-184.
37. H.-Y. Huang et al., "A 10-Gb/s inductorless CMOS limiting amplifier with third-order interleaving active feedback," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 42, no. 5, pp. 1111-1120, May 2007.
38. Z. Chen and P. Heydari, "An 85-95.2 GHz transformer-based injection- locked frequency tripler in 65 nm CMOS," in 2010 IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., May 2010.
39. S. A. Maas, Nonlinear Microwave and RF Circuits, 2nd ed. Norwood, MA: Artech House, 2003.
40. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOSIntegrated Circuits. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill, 2001, pp. 588-589.
41. Y. Zhou and M. Y.-W. Chia, "A low-power ultra-wideband CMOS true RMS power detector," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1052-1058, May 2008.
42. J. W. May and G. M. Rebeiz, "Design and characterization of W-band SiGe RFICs for passive millimeter-wave imaging," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 1420-1430, May 2010.
43. M. Khanpour et al., "A wideband W-band receiver front-end in 65-nm CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1717-1730, Aug. 2008.
44. J. Powell et al., "SiGe receiver front ends for millimeter-wave passive imaging," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 2416-2425, Nov. 2008.
45. A. Babakhani et al., "A 77-GHz phased-array transceiver with on-chip antennas in silicon: Receiver and antennas," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2795-2806, Dec. 2006.
46. A. Natarajan et al., "A 77-GHz phased-array transceiver with on-chip antennas in silicon: Transmitter and local LO-path phase shifting," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2807-2819, Dec. 2006.
47. E. Ojefors and U. Pfeiffer, "A 94-GHz monolithic front-end for imaging arrays in SiGe:C Technology," in Proc. European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conf., Oct. 2008, pp. 422-425.
48. C. Middleton et al., "Passive millimeter-wave focal plane array," in Conf. Dig. 2004 Joint 29th Int. Conf. Infrared and Millimeter Waves, 12th Int. Conf. Terahertz Electronics, Oct. 2004, pp. 745-746.
49. Q. Lin et al., "TheWband radiometer for imaging," in Proc. Int. Conf. Communication, Cirtuits and Systems, Jul. 2007, pp. 1306-1308.
50. M. Sato et al., "Compact receiver module for a 94 GHz band passive millimetre-wave imager," IET Microw., Antennas Propag., vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 848-853, Dec. 2008.