A model of online trust: The mediating role of norms and sense of virtual community

Information Communication and Society

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 76-106

  Blanchard, Anita L ^a   Welbourne, Jennifer L ^b   Boughton, Marla D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS PAN AMERICAN   (United States)

Author keywords

Computer mediated communication; Identity; Psychology

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650238077     PISSN: 1369118X     EISSN: 14684462     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13691181003739633     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Baron, R. M. & Kenny, D. A. (1986) 'The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 1173-1186.
2. Baym, N. (1997) 'Interpreting soap operas and creating community: inside an electronic fan culture', in Culture of the Internet, ed. S. Keisler, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Manhaw, NJ, pp. 103-120.
3. Bess, K. D., Fisher, A. T., Sonn, C. C. & Bishop, B. J. (2002) 'Psychological sense of community: theory, research, and application', in Psychological Sense of Community: Research, Applications and Implications, eds A. T. Fisher, C. C. Sonn & B. J. Bishop, Kluwer Academic/Plenun Publishers, New York, pp. 3-22.
4. Birchmeier, Z., Joinson, A. N. & Dietz Uhler, B. (2005) 'Storming and forming a normative response to a deception revealed online', Social Science Computer Review, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 108-121.
5. Blanchard, A. L. (2004) 'Virtual behavior settings: an application of behavior setting theories to virtual communities', Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, vol. 9, no. 2, [Online] Available at http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol9/issue2/blanchard.html (27 October 2010).
6. Blanchard, A. L. (2007) 'Developing a sense of virtual community measure', Cyber Psychology and Behavior, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 827-830.
7. Blanchard, A. L. & Markus, M. L. (2004) 'The experienced "sense" of a virtual community: characteristics and processes', The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 65-79.
8. Bohnet, I. & Croson, R. (2004) 'Trust and trustworthiness', Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 55, nos 3-4, pp. 443-445.
9. Burroughs, S. M. & Eby, L. T. (1998) 'Psychological sense of community at work: a measurement system and explanatory framework', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 509-532.
10. Chavis, D. M., Hogge, J., McMillan, D. W. & Wandersman, A. (1986) 'Sense of community through Brunswick's lens: a first look', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 24-40.
11. Chavis, D. M. & Pretty, G. H. (1999) 'Sense of community: advances in measurement and application', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 635-642.
12. Chipuer, H. M. & Pretty, G. H. (1999) 'A review of the sense of community index: current uses, factor structure, reliability and further development', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 643-658.
13. Cody, M. J. (1981) 'A typology of disengagement strategies and an examination of the role intimacy reactions to inequity and relational problems play in strategy selection', Communication Monographs, vol. 49, pp. 148-170.
14. Coleman, L. H., Paternite, C. E. & Sherman, R. C. (1999) 'A reexamination of deindividuation in synchronous computer-mediated communication', Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 51-65.
15. Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005) 'Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most out of your data', Practical Assessment, Research and Evaluation, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1-9.
16. Cropanzano, R. & Mitchell, M. S. (2005) 'Social exchange theory: an interdisciplinary review', Journal of Management, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 874-900.
17. Culnan, M. J. & Markus, M. L. (1987) 'Information technologies: electronic media and interorganizational communication', in Handbook of Organizational Communication: An Interdisciplinary Perspective, eds F. M. Jablin, L. L. Putnam, K. H. Roberts & L. W. Porter, Sage, Newbury Park, CA, pp. 420-443.
18. Cummings, L. L. & Bromiley, P. (1996) 'The organizational trust inventory (OTI): development and validation', in Trust in Organizations: Frontiers in Theory and Research, eds R. M. Kramer & T. R. Tyler, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 302-330.
19. Douglas, K. M. & McGarty, C. (2002) 'Internet identifiability and beyond: a model of the effects of identifiability on communicative behavior', Group Dynamics, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17-26.
20. Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Straham, E. J. (1999) 'Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research', Psychological Methods, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 272-299.
21. Fisher, A. T., Sonn, C. C. & Bishop, B. J. (2002) Psychological Sense of Community: Research, Applications and Implications, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
22. Flynn, F. J. (2005) 'Identity orientation and forms of social exchange in organizations', Academy of Management Review, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 737-750.
23. Gambetta, D. (1988) Trust: Making and Breaking Cooperative Relations, B. Blackwell, New York.
24. Goulder, A.W. (1960) 'The norm of reciprocity: a preliminary statement', American Sociological Review, vol. 25, pp. 161-178.
25. Heisler, J. & Crabill, S. (2006) 'Who are "stinkybug" and "packerfan4"? Email pseudonyms and participants' perceptions of demography, productivity, and personality', Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, vol. 12, no. 1, [Online] Available at http://jcmc.indiana.edu/vol12/issue1/heisler.html (27 October 2010).
26. Henderson, S. & Gilding, M. (2004) '"I've never clicked this much with anyone in my life": trust and hyperpersonal communication in online friendships', New Media and Society, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 487-506.
27. Jarvenpaa, S. L., Knoll, K. & Leidner, D. E. (1998) 'Is anybody out there?: antecedents of trust in global virtual teams', Journal of Management Information Systems, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 29-64.
28. Jarvenpaa, S. L. & Leidner, D. E. (1999) 'Communication and trust in global virtual teams', Organization Science, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 791-815.
29. Jarvenpaa, S. L., Shaw, T. & Staples, D. S. (2004) 'Toward contextualized theories of trust: the role of trust in global virtual teams', Information Systems Research, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 250-267.
30. Joinson, A. N. & Dietz-Uhler, B. (2002) 'Explanations for the perpetration of and reactions to deception in a virtual community', Social Science Computer Review, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 275-289.
31. Kiesler, S., Seigel, J. & McGuire, T. (1984) 'Social psychological aspects of computer- mediated communication', American Psychologist, vol. 39, no. 10, pp. 1123-1134.
32. Kline, R. B. (2005) Principles and Practice of Structural E quation Modeling, Guilford, New York.
33. Koh, J. & Kim, Y.-G. (2003) 'Sense of virtual community: a conceptual framework and empirical validation', International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol. 8, no. 2, p. 75.
34. Lea, M. & Spears, R. (2001) 'Knowing me, knowing you: anonymity effects on social identity processes within groups', Personality & Social Psychology Review, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 526-537.
35. Luhmann, N. (1979) Trust and Power: Two Works, Wiley, Chichester, New York.
36. Ma, M. & Agarwal, R. (2007) 'Through a glass darkly: information technology design, indentity verification, and knowledge contribution in online communities', Information Systems Research, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 42-67.
37. Mackinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G. & Sheets, V. (2002) 'A comparison of methods to test the significance of the mediated effect', Psychological Methods, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 83-104.
38. McMillan, D. W. (1996) 'Sense of community', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 315-325.
39. McMillan, D. W. & Chavis, D. M. (1986) 'Sense of community: a definition and theory', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 6-23.
40. Michinov, N., Michinov, E. & Toczek-Capelle, M.-C. (2004) 'Social identity, group processes, and performance in synchronous computer-mediated communication', Group Dynamics: Theory, Research and Practice, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 27-39.
41. Obst, P. & White, K. M. (2004) 'Revisiting the sense of community index: a confirmatory factor analysis', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 691-705.
42. Obst, P., Zinkiewicz, L. & Smith, S. G. (2002) 'Sense of community in science fiction fandom, Part 1: understanding sense of community in an international community of interest', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 87-103.
43. Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y. & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003) 'Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies', Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 88, no. 5, pp. 879-903.
44. Postmes, T., Spears, R. & Lea, M. (1998) 'Breaching or building social boundaries? Side effects of computer-mediated communication', Communication Research, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 689-718.
45. Postmes, T., Spears, R. & Lea, M. (2000) 'The formation of group norms in computer- mediated communication', Human Communication Research, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 341-371.
46. Postmes, T., Spears, R., Lee, A. T. & Novak, R. J. (2005) 'Individuality and social influence in groups: inductive and deductive routes to group identity', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 747-763.
47. Ren, Y., Kraut, R. & Kiesler, S. (2007) 'Applying common identity and bond theory to design of online communities', Organization Studies, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 377-408.
48. Rheingold, H. (1993) The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA.
49. Roberts, L. D., Smith, L. M. & Pollock, C. M. (2002) 'MOOing till the cows come home: the sense of community in virtual environments', in Psychological Sense of Community: Research, Applications, Implications, ed. C. C. Sonn, Kluwer Academic/Plenum, New York, pp. 223-246.
50. Rogelberg, S. R., Luong, A., Sederberg, M. E. & Cristol, D. S. (2000) 'Employee attitude surveys: examining the attitudes of noncompliant employees', Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 284-293.
51. Rothaermel, F. T. & Sugiyama, S. (2001) 'Virtual Internet communities and commercial success: individual and community-level theory grounded in the atypical case of TimeZone.com', Journal of Management, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 297-312.
52. Sarason, S. B. (1974) The Psychological Sense of Community: Prospects for a Community Psychology, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
53. Sarason, S. B. (1986) 'Commentary: the emergence of a conceptual center', Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 405-407.
54. Schwartz, M. (2008) 'The trolls among us', New York Times, 3 August, [Online] Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html (27 October 2010).
55. Shrout, P. E. & Bolger, N. (2002) 'Mediation in experimental and non-experimental studies: new procedures and recommendations', Psychological Methods, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 422-455.
56. Spears, R., Lea, M. & Postmes, T. (2007) 'CMC and social identity', in The Oxford Handbook of Internet Psychology, eds A. N. Joinson, K. Y. A. McKenna, Postmes & U.-D. Reips, Oxford University Press, London, pp. 253-270.
57. Stevens, J. P. (2001) Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
58. Sztompka, P. (1999) Trust: A Sociological Theory, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
59. Tanis, M. & Postmes, T. (2005) 'A social identity approach to trust: interpersonal perception, group membership and trusting behaviour', European Journal of Social Psychology, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 413-424.
60. Terrion, J. L. & Ashforth, B. E. (2002) 'From "I" to "we": the role of putdown humor and identity in the development of a temporary group', Human Relation, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 55-88.
61. Utz, S. (2005) 'Types of deception and underlying motivation: what people think', Social Science Computer Review, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 49-56.
62. Walther, J. B. (1992) 'Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: a relational perspective', Communication Research, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 52-91.
63. Walther, J. B. (1995) 'Relational aspects of computer-mediated communication: experimental observations over time', Organization Science, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 186-203.
64. Walther, J. B. (1996) 'Computer mediated communication: impersonal, interpersonal and hyperpersonal interaction', Communication Research, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 33-43.
65. Walther, J. B. & Bunz, U. (2005) 'The rules of virtual groups: trust, liking, and performance in computer-mediated communication', Journal of Communication, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 828-845.
66. Walther, J. B. & Burgoon, J. K. (1992) 'Relational communication in computermediated interaction', Human Communication Research, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 50-88.
67. Walther, J. B., Slovacek, C. L. & Tidwell, L. C. (2001) 'Is a picture worth a thousand words?: photographic images in long-term and short-term computermediated communication', Communication Research, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 105-134.
68. Welch, M. R., Rivera, R. E. N., Conway, B. P., Yonkoski, J., Lupton, P. M. & Giancola, R. (2005) 'Determinants and consequences of social trust', Sociological Inquiry, vol. 75, no. 4, pp. 453-473.
69. Wellman, B. & Guilia, M. (1999) 'Net Surfers don't ride alone: virtual communities as communities', in Networks in the Global Village: Life in Contemporary Communities, ed. B. Wellman, Westview Press, Boulder, CO, pp. 331-366.
70. West, L. (2001) 'Negotiating masculinities in American drinking subcultures', Journal of Men's Studies, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 371-392.
71. Wilson, J. M., Strauss, S. G. & McEvily, B. (2006) 'All in due time: the development of trust in computer-mediated and face-to-face teams', Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 16-33.
72. Wyer, R. S., Bodenhausen, G. V. & Srull, T. K. (1984) 'The cognitive representation of persons and groups and its effects on recall and recognition memory', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 445-469.