The evolving discipline of public affairs

Journal of Public Affairs

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 335-352

  Mcgrath, Conor ^a   Moss, Danny ^a   Harris, Phil ^a  

^a University of Chester ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 78650044460     PISSN: 14723891     EISSN: 14791854     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pa.369     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. AccountAbility. 2005. Towards Responsible Lobbying: Leadership and Public Policy. AccountAbility: London.
2. Armstrong RA. 1982. What is public affairs? In The Public Affairs Handbook, Nagelschmidt JS (ed). Amacom: New York; 3-7.
3. Ashley WC. 1996. Anticipatory management: linking public affairs and strategic planning. In Practical Public Affairs in an Era of Change: A Communications Guide for Business, Government, and College, Dennis LB (ed). University Press of America: Lanham, MD; 239-250.
4. Baron D. 1995. Integrated strategy: market and nonmarket components. California Management Review 37(2): 47-65.
5. Baron D. 1997. Integrated strategy, trade policy and global competition. California Management Review 39(2): 145-169.
6. Baumgartner F, Leech B. 2001. Interest niches and policy bandwagons: patterns of interest group involvement in national politics. Journal of Politics 63(4): 1191-1213.
7. Baysinger BD, Woodman RW. 1982. Dimensions of the public affairs/government relations function in major American corporations. Strategic Management Journal 3(1): 2-41.
8. Brasher H, Lowery D. 2006. The corporate context of lobbying activity. Business and Politics 8(1): 1-23.
9. Bronn PS, Bronn C. 2002. Issues management as a basis for strategic orientation. Journal of Public Affairs 2(4): 247-258.
10. Buchholz RA. 1988. Adjusting corporations to the realities of public interests and policy. In Strategic Issues Management: How Organizations Influence and Respond to Public Interests and Policies, Heath RL (ed). Jossey-Bass: San Francisco; 50-72.
11. Carroll A (ed). 1996. Business & Society: Ethics and Stakeholder Management, 3rd edn Southwestern: Cincinnati.
12. Centre for Corporate Public Affairs, Public Affairs Council. 2009. State of Public Affairs in Asia 2009. Centre for Corporate Public Affairs and Public Affairs Council: Sydney and Washington.
13. Chase WH, Crane TY. 1996. Issue management: dissolving the archaic division between line and staff. In Practical Public Affairs in an Era of Change: A Communications Guide for Business, Government, and College, Dennis LB (ed). University Press of America: Lanham, MD; 129-141.
14. Chen Y-RR. 2007. The strategic management of government affairs in China: how multinational corporations in China interact with the Chinese government. Journal of Public Relations Research 19(3): 283-306.
15. Crable RE, Vibbert SL. 1985. Managing issues and influencing public policy. Public Relations Review 11(2): 3-16.
16. Dahan N. 2005. A contribution to the conceptualization of political resources utilized in corporate political action. Journal of Public Affairs 5(1): 43-54.
17. Dahan NM. 2009. The four Ps of corporate political activity: a framework for environmental analysis and corporate action. Journal of Public Affairs 9(2): 111-123.
18. Dennis LB (ed). 1996. Practical Public Affairs in an Era of Change: A Communications Guide for Business, Government, and College. University Press of America: Lanham, MD.
19. Dickie RB. 1984. Influence of public affairs offices on corporate planning and of corporations on government policy. Strategic Management Journal 5(1): 15-34.
20. Esty D, Caves R. 1983. Market structure and political influence: new data on political expenditures, activity, and success. Economic Inquiry 21(1): 24-38.
21. Fleisher CS. 1998. Are corporate public affairs practitioners professionals? A multi-region comparison with corporate public relations. Paper presented at the Fifth Annual Bled Symposium on International Public Relations Research.
22. Fleisher CS. 2001. Emerging US public affairs practice: the 2000+ PA model. Journal of Public Affairs 1(1): 44-52.
23. Fleisher CS, Blair NM. 1999. Tracing the parallel evolution of public affairs and public relations: an examination of practice, scholarship and teaching. Journal of Communication Management 3(3): 276-292.
24. Foundation for Public Affairs. 1999. Triennial Survey: The State of Corporate Public Affairs. Foundation for Public Affairs: Washington, DC.
25. Gao Y. 2006. Corporate political action in China and America: a comparative perspective. Journal of Public Affairs 6(2): 111-121.
26. Gaunt P, Ollenburger J. 1995. Issues management revisited: a tool that deserves another look. Public Relations Review 21(3): 199-210.
27. Getz KA. 1997. Research in corporate political action: integration and assessment. Business & Society 36(1): 32-72.
28. Getz KA. 2002. Public affairs and political strategy: theoretical foundations. Journal of Public Affairs 1/2(4/1): 305-329.
29. Grant W. 1983. The business lobby: political attitudes and strategies. West European Politics 6(4): 163-182.
30. Grant W. 1993. Business and Politics in Britain, 2nd edn Macmillan: Basingstoke.
31. Gray V, Lowery D. 1997. Reconceptualizing PAC formation: it's not a collective action problem, and it may be an arms race. American Politics Quarterly 25(3): 319-346.
32. Greening DW, Gray B. 1994. Testing a model of organisational response to social and political issues. Academy of Management Journal 37(3): 467-498.
33. Griffin JJ. 2005. The empirical study of public affairs. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 458-480.
34. Grunig JE, Grunig LA. 2001. Guidelines for formative and evaluative research in public affairs: a report for the Department of Energy Office of Science. Department of Communication, University of Maryland: College Park.
35. Hainsworth B, Meng M. 1988. How corporations define issue management. Public Relations Review 14(4): 18-30.
36. Harris P, Fleisher CS. 2005. The Handbook of Public Affairs. Sage: London.
37. Harris P, Moss D. 2001a. Editorial: understanding public affairs. Journal of Public Affairs 1(1): 6-8.
38. Harris P, Moss D. 2001b. Editorial: in search of public affairs: a function in search of an identity. Journal of Public Affairs 1(2): 102-110.
39. Harris P, Moss D, Vetter N. 1999. Machiavelli's legacy to public affairs: a modern tale of servants and princes in UK organisations. Journal of Communication Management 3(3): 201-217.
40. Hawkinson B. 2005. The internal environment of public affairs: organization, process, and systems. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 76-85.
41. Heath RL. 1988. Introduction: issues management: developing corporate survival strategies. In Strategic Issues Management: How Organizations Influence and Respond to Public Interests and Policies, Heath RL (ed). Jossey-Bass: San Francisco; 1-43.
42. Heath RL. 2002. Issues management: its past, present and future. Journal of Public Affairs 2(4): 209-214.
43. Hersch P, McDougall G. 2000. Determinants of automobile PAC contributions to House incumbents: own versus rival effects. Public Choice 104(3/4): 329-343.
44. Heugens PPMAR. 2005. Issues management: core understandings and scholarly development. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 481-500.
45. Hillman AJ. 2002. Public affairs, issue management and political strategy: methodological issues that count - a different view. Journal of Public Affairs 1/2(4/1): 356-361.
46. Hillman AJ. 2003. Determinants of political strategies in US multinationals. Business & Society 42(4): 455-484.
47. Hillman AJ, Hitt M. 1999. Corporate political strategy formulation: a model of approach, participation and strategy decisions. Academy of Management Review 24(4): 825-842.
48. Hillman A, Keim G. 1995. International variation in the business-government interface: institutional and organizational considerations. Academy of Management Review 20(1): 193-214.
49. Hoewing RL. 1996. The state of public affairs: a profession reinventing itself. In Practical Public Affairs in an Era of Change: A Communications Guide for Business, Government, and College, Dennis LB (ed). University Press of America: Lanham, MD; 33-47.
50. Holcomb JM. 2005. Public affairs in North America. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 31-49.
51. Issue Management Council. 2005. Nine issue management best practice indicators. Available at: (accessed 8 January 2010).
52. Jaques T. 2002. Towards a new terminology: optimising the value of issue management. Journal of Communication Management 7(2): 140-147.
53. Jaques T. 2004. Issue definition: the neglected foundation of effective issue management. Journal of Public Affairs 4(2): 191-200.
54. Jaques T. 2005. Systematic objective setting for effective issue management. Journal of Public Affairs 5(1): 33-42.
55. Johnson JH, Meznar MB. 2005. Public affairs perceptions and practices: a ten year (1993-2003) comparison. Journal of Public Affairs 5(1): 55-65.
56. Jones B, Chase H. 1979. Managing public policy issues. Public Relations Review 5(2): 3-20.
57. Keim G. 2002. Managing business political activities in the USA: bridging between theory and practice. Journal of Public Affairs 1/2(4/1): 362-375.
58. Keim G. 2005. Managing business political advocacy in the United States. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 418-433.
59. Keim G, Baysinger B. 1988. The efficacy of business political activity: competitive considerations in a principal-agent context. Journal of Management 14(2): 163-180.
60. Keim GD, Zeithaml CP, Baysinger BD. 1984. New directions for corporate political strategy. Sloan Management Review 25(3): 53-62.
61. Lerbinger O. 2006. Corporate Public Affairs: Interacting with Interest Groups, Media, and Government. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates: Mahwah, NJ.
62. Lord M. 2000. Corporate political strategy and legislative decision making: the impact of corporate legislative influence activities. Business & Society 39(1): 76-93.
63. Lowery D. 2007. Why do organized interests lobby? A multi-goal, multi-context theory of lobbying. Polity 39(1): 29-54.
64. Luo Y. 2001. Toward a cooperative view of MNC-host government relations: building blocks and performance implications. Journal of International Business Studies 32(3): 401-420.
65. Mack CS. 1997. Business, Politics, and the Practice of Government Relations. Quorum Books: Westport.
66. Mahon JF, McGowan RA. 1996. Industry as a Player in the Political and Social Arena: Defining the Competitive Environment. Quorum Books: Westport, CT.
67. Mahon JF, Heugens PPMAR, Lamertz K. 2004. Social networks and non-market strategy. Journal of Public Affairs 4(2): 170-189.
68. Marcus AA, Irion MS. 1987. The continued growth of the corporate public affairs function. The Academy of Management Executive 1(3): 247-250.
69. Marx TG. 1986. Integrating public affairs and strategic planning. California Management Review 24(1): 141-147.
70. Marx TG. 1990. Strategic planning for public affairs. Long Range Planning 23(1): 9-16.
71. McGrath C. 2007. Framing lobbying messages: defining and communicating political issues persuasively. Journal of Public Affairs 7(3): 269-280.
72. McGuire EP. 1982. Public affairs: its function. In The Public Affairs Handbook, Nagelschmidt JS (ed). Amacom: New York; 30-37.
73. Meng M. 1992. Early identification aids issues management. Public Relations Journal 48(3): 22-23.
74. Meznar M. 2002. The theoretical foundations of public affairs and political strategy: where do we go from here? Journal of Public Affairs 1/2(4/1): 330-335.
75. Meznar MB, Nigh D. 1995. Buffer or bridge? Environmental and organizational determinants of public affairs activities in American firms. Academy of Management Journal 38(4): 975-996.
76. Mitchell N, Hansen W, Jepsen E. 1997. The determinants of domestic and foreign corporate political activity. Journal of Politics 59(4): 1096-1113.
77. Moore RH. 1982. The evolution of public affairs. In The Public Affairs Handbook, Nagelschmidt JS (ed). Amacom: New York; 9-16.
78. Morris JP. 1997. Legitimate Lobbying. PMS Publications: London.
79. Oberman WD. 2008. A conceptual look at the strategic resource dynamics of public affairs. Journal of Public Affairs 8(4): 249-260.
80. Oliver GR, Donnelly PJ. 2007. Effective use of a strategic issue management system (SIMS): combining tools and approach. Journal of Public Affairs 7(4): 399-406.
81. Palese M, Crane TY. 2002. Building an integrated issue management process as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Public Affairs 2(4): 284-292.
82. Pedler R. 2002. Introduction: changes in the lobbying arena: real-life cases. In European Union Lobbying: Changes in the Arena, Pedler R (ed). Palgrave: Basingstoke; 1-10.
83. Post JE. 1978. Corporate Behavior and Social Change. Reston Publishing: Reston, VA.
84. Post J. 1982. Public affairs: its role. In The Public Affairs Handbook, Nagelschmidt JS (ed). Amacom: New York; 23-30.
85. Post JE, Kelley PC. 1988. Lessons from the learning curve: the past, present, and future of issues management. In Strategic Issues Management: How Organizations Influence and Respond to Public Interests and Policies, Heath RL (ed). Jossey-Bass: San Francisco; 345-365.
86. Post JE, Murray EA, Dickie RB, Mahon JF. 1982. The public affairs function in American corporations: development and relations with corporate planning. Long Range Planning 15(2): 12-21.
87. Post JE, Murray EA, Dickie RB, Mahon JF. 1983. Managing public affairs: the public affairs function. California Management Review 26(1): 135-150.
88. Public Affairs Asia. 2009. The PA Industry in 2009. Public Affairs Asia: Hong Kong.
89. Richards DC. 2003. Corporate public affairs: necessary cost or value-added asset? Journal of Public Affairs 3(1): 39-51.
90. Sawatsky J. 1987. The Insiders: Government, Business, and the Lobbyists. McClelland and Stewart: Toronto.
91. Sawaya RN, Arrington CB. 1988. Linking corporate planning with strategic issues. In Strategic Issues Management: How Organizations Influence and Respond to Public Interests and Policies, Heath RL (ed). Jossey-Bass: San Francisco; 73-86.
92. Schuler D. 1996. Corporate political strategy and foreign competition: the case of the steel industry. Academy of Management Journal 39(3): 720-737.
93. Schuler DA. 2002. Public affairs, issues management and political strategy: methodological approaches that count. Journal of Public Affairs 1/2(4/1): 336-355.
94. Schuler DA, Rehbein K, Cramer RD. 2002. Pursuing strategic advantage through political means: a multivariate approach. Academy of Management Journal 45(4): 659-672.
95. Shaffer B. 1995. Firm-level responses to government regulation: theoretical and research approaches. Journal of Management 21(3): 495-514.
96. Shaffer B, Hillman AJ. 2000. The development of business-government strategies by diversified firms. Strategic Management Journal 21(2): 175-190.
97. Showalter A, Fleisher CS. 2005. The tools and techniques of public affairs. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 109-122.
98. Stanbury WT. 1988. Business-Government Relations in Canada. Nelson: Scarborough.
99. Steckmest FW. 1982. Corporate performance. In The Public Affairs Handbook, Nagelschmidt JS (ed). Amacom: New York; 37-47.
100. SustainAbility and GPC. 2000. Politics and Persuasion: Corporate Influence on Sustainable Development Policy. SustainAbility and GPC: London.
101. Taminiau Y, Wilts A. 2006. Corporate lobbying in Europe, managing knowledge and information strategies. Journal of Public Affairs 6(2): 122-130.
102. Thomson S, John S. 2007. Public Affairs in Practice: A Practical Guide to Lobbying. Kogan Page: London.
103. Tian Z, Deng X. 2007. The determinants of corporate political strategy in Chinese transition. Journal of Public Affairs 7(4): 341-356.
104. Tian Z, Fan S. 2008. The public issue life cycle and corporate political actions in China's transitional environment: a case of real estate industry. Journal of Public Affairs 8(3): 135-151.
105. Titley S. 2003. How political and social change will transform the EU public affairs industry. Journal of Public Affairs 3(1): 83-89.
106. Toth EL. 1986. Broadening research in public affairs. Public Relations Review 12(2): 27-36.
107. van Schendelen R. 2010. More Machiavelli in Brussels: The Art of Lobbying the EU, 3rd edn Amsterdam University Press: Amsterdam.
108. Wartick SL, Heugens PPMAR. 2003. Future directions for issues management. Corporate Reputation Review 6(1): 7-18.
109. Watkins M, Edwards M, Thakrar U. 2001. Winning the Influence Game: What Every Business Leader Should Know About Government. John Wiley: New York.
110. Wilson IH. 1982. Environmental scanning and strategic planning. In Management Policy and Strategy, 2nd edn Steiner GA, Miner JB, Gray ER (eds). Macmillan: New York; 299-303.
111. Wilson GK. 1985. Business and Politics: A Comparative Introduction. Macmillan: Basingstoke.
112. Windsor D. 2002. Public affairs, issues management, and political strategy: opportunities, obstacles, and caveats. Journal of Public Affairs 1/2(4/1): 382-415.
113. Windsor D. 2005. "Theories" and theoretical roots of public affairs. In The Handbook of Public Affairs, Harris P, Fleisher CS (eds). Sage: London; 401-417.
114. Wittenberg E, Wittenberg E. 1989. How to Win in Washington: Very Practical Advice About Lobbying, the Grassroots and the Media. Basil Blackwell: Cambridge.