Memory and self-knowledge in young adults with ADHD

Self and Identity

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 213-230

  Klein, Stanley B ^a   Gangi, Cynthia E ^a   Lax, Moshe L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

ADHD; Long term memory; Planning; Self; Self reference effect

Indexed keywords

EID: 78649691187     PISSN: 15298868     EISSN: 15298876     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15298861003741604     Document Type: Article

References (96)

1. Adam, R. A. (2008). Progress in executive-function research: From tasks to functions to regions to networks. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 17, 124-129.
2. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
3. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., Text Revision). Washington, DC: Author.
4. American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Summary of practice-relevant changes to the DSMIV- TR. Washington, DC: Author.
5. Baddeley, A. (1986). Working memory. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press.
6. Barkley, R. A. (1997). Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention and executive function: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD. Psychological Bulletin, 21, 65-94.
7. Barkley, R. A. (2005). ADHD: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
8. Bellezza, F. S., Cheesman, F. L., & Reddy, B. G. (1977). Organization and semantic elaboration in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 3, 539-550.
9. Benton, A. L., Hamsher, K. de S., & Sivan, A. B. (1994). Multilingual Aphasia Examination. Iowa City: AJA Associates.
10. Biederman, J., & Faraone, S. V. (2005). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Lancet, 366(9481), 237-248.
11. Botzung, A., Denkova, E., & Manning, L. (2008). Experiencing past and future personal events: Functional neuroimaging evidence on the neural basis of mental time travel. Brain and Cognition, 66, 202-212.
12. Boucher, J., & Bowler, D. (2008). Memory and autism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
13. Brewer, W. F. (1986). What is autobiographical memory? In D. C. Rubin (Ed.), Autobiographical memory (pp. 25-49). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
14. Carr, L. A., Nigg, J. T., & Henderson, J. M. (2006). Attentional versus motor inhibition in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 20, 430-441.
15. Craik, F. I. M., & Tulving, E. (1975). Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 11, 268-294.
16. Delis, D. C., Kramer, J. H., Kaplan, E., & Ober, B. A. (1987). The California Verbal Learning Test-Research edition. New York: Psychological Corporation.
17. Dige, N., Maahr, E., & Backenroth-Ohsako, G. (2008). Memory tests in subgroups of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder reveals simultaneous capacity deficit. International Journal of Neuroscience, 118, 569-591.
18. Einstein, G. O., & Hunt, R. R. (1980). Levels of processing and organization: Additive effects of individual item and relational processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 6, 588-598.
19. Engelhardt, P. E., Nigg, J. T., Carr, L. A., & Ferreira, F. (2008). Cognitive inhibition and working memory in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117, 591-605.
20. Fivush, R. (1988). The function of event memory: Some comments on Nelson and Barsalou. In U. Neisser & E.Winograd (Eds.), Remembering reconsidered: Ecological and traditional approaches to the study of memory (pp. 277-282). New York: Cambridge University Press.
21. Fodor, J. A. (1983). The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
22. Foster, J. K., & Jelicik, M. (1999). Memory: Systems, process, or function? New York: Oxford University Press.
23. Gazzaniga, M. S. (2008). Human: The science behind what makes us unique. New York: HarperCollins.
24. Greenwald, A. G. (1981). Self and memory. In G. H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 201-236). New York: Academic Press.
25. Grice, H. P. (1941). Personal identity. Mind, 50, 330-350.
26. Gropper, R. J., & Tannock, R. (2009). A pilot study of working memory and academic achievement in college students with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 12, 574-581.
27. Gualtieri, C. T., & Johnson, L. G. (2006). Efficient allocation of attentional resources in patients with ADHD: Maturational changes from age 10 to 29. Journal of Attention Disorders, 9, 534-542.
28. Hervey, A. S., Epstein, J. N., & Curry, J. F. (2004). Neuropsychology of adults with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 18, 485-503.
29. Howe, M. L., & Courage, M. L. (1997). The emergence and early development of autobiographical memory. Psychological Review, 104, 499-523.
30. James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. (Vol. 1). New York: Holt.
31. Kessler, R. C., Adler, L., Barkley, R., Biederman, J., Conners, C. K., Demler, O., et al. (2006). The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: Results from the national comorbidity survey replication. American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 716-723.
32. Kihlstrom, J. F. (1997). Consciousness and me-ness. In J. D. Cohen & J. W. Schooler (Eds.), Scientific approaches to consciousness (pp. 451-468). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
33. Klein, S. B. (2001). A self to remember: A cognitive neuropsychological perspective on how self createsmemory and memory creates self. In C. Sedikides & M. B. Brewer (Eds.), Individual self, relational self, and collective self (pp. 25-46). Philadelphia: Psychology Press.
34. Klein, S. B. (2004). The cognitive neuroscience of knowing one's self. In M. A. Gazzaniga (Ed.), The cognitive neurosciences III (pp. 1077-1089). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
35. Klein, S. B., Babey, S. H., & Sherman, J. W. (1997). The functional independence of trait and behavioral self-knowledge: Methodological considerations and new empirical findings. Social Cognition, 15, 183-203.
36. Klein, S. B., Chan, R. L., & Loftus, J. (1999). Independence of episodic and semantic selfknowledge: The case from autism. Social Cognition, 17, 413-436.
37. Klein, S. B., Cosmides, L., & Costabile, K. A. (2003). Preserved knowledge of self in a case of Alzheimer's dementia. Social Cognition, 21, 157-165.
38. Klein, S. B., Cosmides, L., Costabile, K. A., & Mei, L. (2002a). Is there something special about the self? A neuropsychological case study. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 490-506.
39. Klein, S. B., & Gangi, C. E. (2010). The multiplicity of self: Neuropsychological evidence and its implications for the self as a construct in psychological research. The year in cognitive neuroscience 2010: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1191, 1-15.
40. Klein, S. B., German, T. P., Cosmides, L., & Gabriel, R. (2004). A theory of autobiographical memory: Necessary components and disorders resulting from their loss. Social Cognition, 22, 460-490.
41. Klein, S. B., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1986). Elaboration, organization, and the self-reference effect in memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 115, 26-38.
42. Klein, S. B., & Loftus, J. (1988). The nature of self-referent encoding: The contributions of elaborative and organizational processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55, 5-11.
43. Klein, S. B., & Loftus, J. (1993). The mental representation of trait and autobiographical knowledge about the self. In T. K. Srull & R. S. Wyer (Eds.), Advances in social cognition (Vol. 5, pp. 1-49). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
44. Klein, S. B., Loftus, J., & Burton, H. A. (1989). Two self-reference effects: The importance of distinguishing between self-descriptiveness judgments and autobiographical retrieval in self-referent encoding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56, 853-865.
45. Klein, S. B., Loftus, J., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (1996). Self-knowledge of an amnesic patient: Toward a neuropsychology of personality and social psychology. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 125, 250-260.
46. Klein, S. B., Loftus, J., & Kihlstrom, J. F. (2002b). Memory and temporal experience: The effects of episodic memory loss on an amnesic patient's ability to remember the past and imagine the future. Social Cognition, 20, 353-379.
47. Klein, S. B., Loftus, J., Trafton, R. G., & Fuhrman, R. W. (1992). The use of exemplars and abstractions in trait judgments: A model of trait knowledge about the self and others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 739-753.
48. Klein, S. B., Robertson, T. E., & Delton, A. W. (2010). Facing the future: Memory as an evolved system for planning future acts. Memory & Cognition, 38, 13-22.
49. Klein, S. B., Robertson, T. E., Gangi, C. E., & Loftus, J. (2008). The functional independence of trait self-knowledge: Commentary on Sakaki (2007). Memory, 16, 556-565.
50. Klein, S. B., Rozendal, K., & Cosmides, L. (2002c). A social-cognitive neuroscience analysis of the self. Social Cognition, 20, 105-135.
51. Knouse, L. E., Paradise, M. J., & Dunlosky, J. (2006). Does ADHD in adults affect the relative accuracy of metamemory judgments? Journal of Attention Disorders, 10, 160-170.
52. Locke, J. (1731). An essay concerning human understanding. London: Edmund Parker. (Original work published 1690).
53. Mandler, G. (1967). Organization and memory. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation (Vol. 15, pp. 201-236). New York: Academic Press.
54. Marchetta, N. D. J., Hurks, P. P. M., Krabbendam, L., & Jolles, J. (2008). Interference control, working memory, concept shifting, and verbal fluency in adults with attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Neuropsychology, 22, 74-84.
55. Marusiak, C. W., & Janzen, H. L. (2005). Assessing the working memory abilities of ADHD children using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales (5th ed.). Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 20, 84-97.
56. Matinussen, R. M., Hayden, J., Hogg-Johnson, S., & Tannock, R. (2005). A meta-analytic review of working memory impairments in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 377-384.
57. Mullane, J. C., & Corkum, P. V. (2007). The relationship between working memory, inhibition, and performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in children with and without ADHD. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 25, 211-221.
58. Perner, J., & Ruffman, T. (1994). Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: Developmental evidence and a theory of childhood amnesia. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 59, 516-548.
59. Puff, C. R. (1970). Role of clustering in free recall. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 384-386.
60. Puff, C. R. (Ed.). (1979). Memory organization and structure. New York: Academic Press.
61. Purvis, K. L., & Tannock, R. (1997). Language abilities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, reading disabilities, and normal controls. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 133-44.
62. Quinlan, D. M., & Brown, T. E. (2003). Assessment of short-term verbal memory impairments in adolescents and adults with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders, 6, 143-152.
63. Rashid, F. L., Morris, M. K., & Morris, R. (2001). Naming and verbal memory skills in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders and reading disabilities. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 829-838.
64. Rathbone, C. J., & Moulin, C. J. A. (in press). When's your birthday? The self-reference effect in retrieval of dates. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 23.
65. Rhodes, S. M., Coghill, D. R., & Matthews, K. (2005). Neuropsychological functioning in stimulant-naive boys with hyperkinetic disorder. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1109-1120.
66. Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A., & Kirker, W. S. (1977). Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 677-688.
67. Ross, R. G., Harris, J. G., Olincy, A., & Rodant, A. (2000). Eye movement task measures inhibition and spatial working memory in adults with schizophrenia, ADHD, and a normal comparison group. Psychiatry Research, 95, 35-42.
68. Roth, R. M., Wishart, H. A., Flashman, L. A., Riordan, H. J., Huey, L., & Saykin, A. J. (2004). Contribution of organizational strategies to verbal learning and memory in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Neuropsychology, 18, 78-84.
69. Sarkis, S. M., Sarkis, E. H., Marshall, D., & Archer, J. (2005). Self-regulation and inhibition in comorbid ADHD children: An evaluation of executive functions. Journal of Attention Disorders, 8, 96-108.
70. Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2008). Episodic simulation of future events: Concepts, data, and applications. Year in cognitive neuroscience 2008: Annals of the New York academy of sciences, 1124, 39-60.
71. Schacter, D. L., & Tulving, E. (Eds.). (1994). Memory systems 1994. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
72. Seidman, L. J., Biederman, J., Weber, W., Hatch, M., & Faraone, S. V. (1998). Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 44, 260-268.
73. Semrud-Clikeman, M., Pliszka, S., & Liotti, M. (2008). Executive functioning in children with ADHD: Combined type with and without a stimulant medication history. Neuropsychology, 22, 329-340.
74. Shallice, T. (1988). From neuropsychology to mental structure. New York: Cambridge University Press.
75. Singer, J. A., & Salovey, P. (1993). The remembered self: Emotion and memory in personality. New York: Free Press.
76. Skowronek, J. S., Leichtman, M. D., & Pillemer, D. B. (2008). Long-term episodic memory in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 23, 25-35.
77. Spreen, O., & Strauss, E. (1991). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary. New York: Oxford University Press.
78. Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (1997). Mental time travel and the evolution of the human mind. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 123(2), 33-167.
79. Suddendorf, T., & Corballis, M. C. (2007) The evolution of foresight: What is mental time travel, and is it unique to humans? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 30, 299-313.
80. Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 371-394.
81. Szpunar, K. K., & McDermott, K. B. (2008). Episodic future thought and its relation to remembering: Evidence from ratings of subjective experience. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 330-334.
82. Tannock, R., & Schachar, R. (1996) Executive dysfunction as an underlying mechanism of behavior and language problems in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In J. H. Beitchman, N. Cohen, M. M. Konstantareas, & R. Tannock (Eds.), Language, learning, and behavior disorders: Developmental, biological, and clinical perspectives (pp. 128-155). New York: Cambridge University Press.
83. Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. New York: Oxford University Press.
84. Tulving, E. (1984). Précis of elements of episodic memory. The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7, 223-268.
85. Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology, 26, 1-12.
86. Tulving, E. (1993). What is episodic memory? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 67-70.
87. Tulving, E. (2005). Episodic memory and autonoesis: Uniquely human? In H. S. Terrace & J. Metcalfe (Eds.), The missing link in cognition. (pp. 3-56). New York: Oxford University Press.
88. Tulving, E., & Donaldson, W. (Eds.). (1972). Organization of memory. New York: Academic Press.
89. Warnock, M. (1987). Memory. London: Faber & Faber.
90. Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.
91. Wechsler, D. (1987). Wechsler Memory Scale -Revised manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
92. Welsh, M. C., & Pennington, B. F. (1988): Assessing frontal lobe functioning in children: Views from developmental psychology. Developmental Neuropsychology, 4, 199-230.
93. Wheeler, M. A., Stuss, D. T., & Tulving, E. (1997). Toward a theory of episodic memory: The frontal lobes and autonoetic consciousness. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 331-354.
94. Wilens, T. E., Biederman, J., & Spencer, T. J. (2002). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder across the lifespan. Annual Review of Medicine, 53, 113-131.
95. Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005). Validity of the executive function theory of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A metaanalytic review. Biological Psychiatry, 57, 1336-1346.
96. Woo, S. M., & Keatinge, C. (2008). Diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders across the lifespan. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.