메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 1402-1411

20(S)-protopanaxadiol, an active ginseng metabolite, exhibits strong antidepressant-like effects in animal tests

Author keywords

Depression; Ginseng; Ginsenosides; PMC; Post metabolism compound

Indexed keywords

CORTICOSTERONE; ESTAZOLAM; FLUOXETINE; MALONALDEHYDE; MONOAMINE; NEUROTRANSMITTER; PROTOPANAXADIOL; S 111; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 78649508751     PISSN: 02785846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.07.010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (84)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 0021179996 scopus 로고
    • Role of olfactory bulbectomy and DSP4 treatment in avoidance learning in the rat
    • Archer T., Soderberg U., Ross S.B., Jonsson G. Role of olfactory bulbectomy and DSP4 treatment in avoidance learning in the rat. Behav Neurosci 1984, 98(3):496-505.
    • (1984) Behav Neurosci , vol.98 , Issue.3 , pp. 496-505
    • Archer, T.1    Soderberg, U.2    Ross, S.B.3    Jonsson, G.4
  • 2
    • 16644374297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of fermented red ginseng on a transient focal ischemic rats
    • Bae E.A., Hyun Y.J., Choo M.K., Oh J.K., Ryu J.H., Kim D.H. Protective effect of fermented red ginseng on a transient focal ischemic rats. Arch Pharm Res 2004, 27(11):1136-1140.
    • (2004) Arch Pharm Res , vol.27 , Issue.11 , pp. 1136-1140
    • Bae, E.A.1    Hyun, Y.J.2    Choo, M.K.3    Oh, J.K.4    Ryu, J.H.5    Kim, D.H.6
  • 3
    • 56449104205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Repeated social defeat-induced depression-like behavioral and biological alterations in rats: involvement of cholecystokinin
    • Becker C., Zeau B., Rivat C., Blugeot A., Hamon M., Benoliel J.J. Repeated social defeat-induced depression-like behavioral and biological alterations in rats: involvement of cholecystokinin. Mol Psychiatry 2008, 13(12):1079-1092.
    • (2008) Mol Psychiatry , vol.13 , Issue.12 , pp. 1079-1092
    • Becker, C.1    Zeau, B.2    Rivat, C.3    Blugeot, A.4    Hamon, M.5    Benoliel, J.J.6
  • 4
    • 31444441701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches to antidepressant drug discovery: beyond monoamines
    • Berton O., Nestler E.J. New approaches to antidepressant drug discovery: beyond monoamines. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006, 7(2):137-151.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-151
    • Berton, O.1    Nestler, E.J.2
  • 5
    • 0032833752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Panax ginseng and diazepam on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and its modification by diclofenac in rat
    • Bhattcharyya D., Sur T.K. Effect of Panax ginseng and diazepam on brain 5-hydroxytryptamine and its modification by diclofenac in rat. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1999, 43(4):505-509.
    • (1999) Indian J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 505-509
    • Bhattcharyya, D.1    Sur, T.K.2
  • 6
    • 0035065919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: alterations by antidepressant treatments
    • Bilici M., Efe H., Koroglu M.A., Uydu H.A., Bekaroglu M., Deger O. Antioxidative enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in major depression: alterations by antidepressant treatments. J Affect Disord 2001, 64(1):43-51.
    • (2001) J Affect Disord , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-51
    • Bilici, M.1    Efe, H.2    Koroglu, M.A.3    Uydu, H.A.4    Bekaroglu, M.5    Deger, O.6
  • 7
    • 57449110125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease
    • Block M.L. NADPH oxidase as a therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. BMC Neurosci 2008, 9(Suppl 2):S8.
    • (2008) BMC Neurosci , vol.9 , Issue.SUPPL 2
    • Block, M.L.1
  • 8
    • 55549139122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies on major depression and BDNF levels: implications for the role of neuroplasticity in depression
    • Brunoni A.R., Lopes M., Fregni F. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies on major depression and BDNF levels: implications for the role of neuroplasticity in depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2008, 11(8):1169-1180.
    • (2008) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 1169-1180
    • Brunoni, A.R.1    Lopes, M.2    Fregni, F.3
  • 10
    • 37849028016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Schizandra chinensis extract on liver injury in rats
    • Chang H.F., Lin Y.H., Chu C.C., Wu S.J., Tsai Y.H., Chao J.C. Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and Schizandra chinensis extract on liver injury in rats. Am J Chin Med 2007, 35(6):995-1009.
    • (2007) Am J Chin Med , vol.35 , Issue.6 , pp. 995-1009
    • Chang, H.F.1    Lin, Y.H.2    Chu, C.C.3    Wu, S.J.4    Tsai, Y.H.5    Chao, J.C.6
  • 11
    • 34548547156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triple uptake inhibitors: therapeutic potential in depression and beyond
    • Chen Z., Skolnick P. Triple uptake inhibitors: therapeutic potential in depression and beyond. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2007, 16(9):1365-1377.
    • (2007) Expert Opin Investig Drugs , vol.16 , Issue.9 , pp. 1365-1377
    • Chen, Z.1    Skolnick, P.2
  • 12
    • 0023632056 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginseng root saponins on central transmitters and plasma corticosterone in cold stress mice and rats
    • Cheng X.J., Liu Y.L., Deng Y.S., Lin G.F., Luo X.T. Effects of ginseng root saponins on central transmitters and plasma corticosterone in cold stress mice and rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1987, 8(6):486-489.
    • (1987) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 486-489
    • Cheng, X.J.1    Liu, Y.L.2    Deng, Y.S.3    Lin, G.F.4    Luo, X.T.5
  • 13
    • 73849150347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New achievements in ginseng research and its future prospects
    • Chu S.F., Zhang J.T. New achievements in ginseng research and its future prospects. Chin J Integr Med 2009, 15(6):403-408.
    • (2009) Chin J Integr Med , vol.15 , Issue.6 , pp. 403-408
    • Chu, S.F.1    Zhang, J.T.2
  • 14
    • 0014818391 scopus 로고
    • Rapid method for the determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in small regions of rat brain
    • Curzon G., Green A.R. Rapid method for the determination of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in small regions of rat brain. Br J Pharmacol 1970, 39(3):653-655.
    • (1970) Br J Pharmacol , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 653-655
    • Curzon, G.1    Green, A.R.2
  • 15
    • 71549173390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant effects of ginseng total saponins in the forced swimming test and chronic mild stress models of depression
    • Dang H., Chen Y., Liu X., Wang Q., Wang L., Jia W., et al. Antidepressant effects of ginseng total saponins in the forced swimming test and chronic mild stress models of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009, 33(8):1417-1424.
    • (2009) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 1417-1424
    • Dang, H.1    Chen, Y.2    Liu, X.3    Wang, Q.4    Wang, L.5    Jia, W.6
  • 16
    • 61949266789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced amygdala-prefrontal coupling in major depression: association with MAOA genotype and illness severity
    • Dannlowski U., Ohrmann P., Konrad C., Domschke K., Bauer J., Kugel H., et al. Reduced amygdala-prefrontal coupling in major depression: association with MAOA genotype and illness severity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2009, 12(1):11-22.
    • (2009) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 11-22
    • Dannlowski, U.1    Ohrmann, P.2    Konrad, C.3    Domschke, K.4    Bauer, J.5    Kugel, H.6
  • 17
    • 0025753762 scopus 로고
    • Anti-lipid peroxilative effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1
    • Deng H.L., Zhang J.T. Anti-lipid peroxilative effect of ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991, 104(5):395-398.
    • (1991) Chin Med J (Engl) , vol.104 , Issue.5 , pp. 395-398
    • Deng, H.L.1    Zhang, J.T.2
  • 18
    • 0017125796 scopus 로고
    • The irritant properties of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors in relation to their effects on l-Dopa-induced locomotor activity
    • Dolphin A., Elliott P.N., Jenner P. The irritant properties of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitors in relation to their effects on l-Dopa-induced locomotor activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 1976, 28(10):782-785.
    • (1976) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 782-785
    • Dolphin, A.1    Elliott, P.N.2    Jenner, P.3
  • 19
    • 0036214671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synaptic plasticity and mood disorders
    • Duman R.S. Synaptic plasticity and mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2002, 7(Suppl 1):S29-S34.
    • (2002) Mol Psychiatry , vol.7 , Issue.SUPPL 1
    • Duman, R.S.1
  • 20
    • 77949327018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: St John's wort superior to placebo and similar to antidepressants for major depression but with fewer side effects
    • Ernst E. Review: St John's wort superior to placebo and similar to antidepressants for major depression but with fewer side effects. Evid Based Ment Health 2009, 12(3):78.
    • (2009) Evid Based Ment Health , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 78
    • Ernst, E.1
  • 21
    • 0023334628 scopus 로고
    • Anti-oxidant action of Panax ginseng. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi, 288-90, 262.
    • Feng, L. M., Pan, H. Z., Li, W. W. Anti-oxidant action of Panax ginseng. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1987;7(5):288-90, 262.
    • (1987) , vol.7 , Issue.5
    • Feng, L.M.1    Pan, H.Z.2    Li, W.W.3
  • 22
    • 53349108062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of hippocampal and amygdala volumes on clinical outcomes in major depression: a 3-year prospective magnetic resonance imaging study
    • Frodl T., Jager M., Smajstrlova I., Born C., Bottlender R., Palladino T., et al. Effect of hippocampal and amygdala volumes on clinical outcomes in major depression: a 3-year prospective magnetic resonance imaging study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2008, 33(5):423-430.
    • (2008) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 423-430
    • Frodl, T.1    Jager, M.2    Smajstrlova, I.3    Born, C.4    Bottlender, R.5    Palladino, T.6
  • 23
    • 33750587959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental animal models for the simulation of depression and anxiety
    • Fuchs E., Fliugge G. Experimental animal models for the simulation of depression and anxiety. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2006, 8(3):323-333.
    • (2006) Dialogues Clin Neurosci , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 323-333
    • Fuchs, E.1    Fliugge, G.2
  • 24
    • 0016690818 scopus 로고
    • Time and dose influences on the behavioral effects of l-Dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan after inhibition of extracerebral decarboxylase
    • Gronan R.J. Time and dose influences on the behavioral effects of l-Dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan after inhibition of extracerebral decarboxylase. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1975, 3(2):161-166.
    • (1975) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-166
    • Gronan, R.J.1
  • 25
    • 54349103020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switching, induction of rapid cycling, and increased suicidality with antidepressants in bipolar patients: fact or overinterpretation?
    • Grunze H.C. Switching, induction of rapid cycling, and increased suicidality with antidepressants in bipolar patients: fact or overinterpretation?. CNS Spectr 2008, 13(9):790-795.
    • (2008) CNS Spectr , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 790-795
    • Grunze, H.C.1
  • 26
    • 33646001775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral absorption of ginsenoside Rb1 using in vitro and in vivo models
    • Han M., Sha X., Wu Y., Fang X. Oral absorption of ginsenoside Rb1 using in vitro and in vivo models. Planta Med 2006, 72(5):398-404.
    • (2006) Planta Med , vol.72 , Issue.5 , pp. 398-404
    • Han, M.1    Sha, X.2    Wu, Y.3    Fang, X.4
  • 27
    • 0029840531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria
    • Hasegawa H., Sung J.H., Matsumiya S., Uchiyama M. Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria. Planta Med 1996, 62(5):453-457.
    • (1996) Planta Med , vol.62 , Issue.5 , pp. 453-457
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Sung, J.H.2    Matsumiya, S.3    Uchiyama, M.4
  • 28
    • 0030864673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins
    • Hasegawa H., Sung J.H., Benno Y. Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins. Planta Med 1997, 63(5):436-440.
    • (1997) Planta Med , vol.63 , Issue.5 , pp. 436-440
    • Hasegawa, H.1    Sung, J.H.2    Benno, Y.3
  • 29
    • 41849150426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effects of ginsenosides from the root of Panax ginseng on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and translocation of cytosolic compounds to plasma membrane in human neutrophils
    • He W., Liu G., Chen X., Lu J., Abe H., Huang K., et al. Inhibitory effects of ginsenosides from the root of Panax ginseng on stimulus-induced superoxide generation, tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and translocation of cytosolic compounds to plasma membrane in human neutrophils. J Agric Food Chem 2008, 56(6):1921-1927.
    • (2008) J Agric Food Chem , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 1921-1927
    • He, W.1    Liu, G.2    Chen, X.3    Lu, J.4    Abe, H.5    Huang, K.6
  • 30
    • 1442323652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluoxetine on social behaviour and plasma corticosteroid levels in female Mongolian gerbils
    • Hendrie C.A., Pickles A.R., Duxon M.S., Riley G., Hagan J.J. Effects of fluoxetine on social behaviour and plasma corticosteroid levels in female Mongolian gerbils. Behav Pharmacol 2003, 14(7):545-550.
    • (2003) Behav Pharmacol , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 545-550
    • Hendrie, C.A.1    Pickles, A.R.2    Duxon, M.S.3    Riley, G.4    Hagan, J.J.5
  • 31
    • 0018562562 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by ginseng saponin
    • Hiai S., Yokoyama H., Oura H., Yano S. Stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical system by ginseng saponin. Endocrinol Jpn 1979, 26(6):661-665.
    • (1979) Endocrinol Jpn , vol.26 , Issue.6 , pp. 661-665
    • Hiai, S.1    Yokoyama, H.2    Oura, H.3    Yano, S.4
  • 32
    • 0031711895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro antioxidant activity of Vietnamese ginseng saponin and its components
    • Huong N.T., Matsumoto K., Kasai R., Yamasaki K., Watanabe H. In vitro antioxidant activity of Vietnamese ginseng saponin and its components. Biol Pharm Bull 1998, 21(9):978-981.
    • (1998) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.21 , Issue.9 , pp. 978-981
    • Huong, N.T.1    Matsumoto, K.2    Kasai, R.3    Yamasaki, K.4    Watanabe, H.5
  • 33
    • 33749495109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of cerebral oxidative injury by post-ischemic intravenous administration of Shengmai San
    • Ichikawa H., Wang L., Konishi T. Prevention of cerebral oxidative injury by post-ischemic intravenous administration of Shengmai San. Am J Chin Med 2006, 34(4):591-600.
    • (2006) Am J Chin Med , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 591-600
    • Ichikawa, H.1    Wang, L.2    Konishi, T.3
  • 34
    • 0018096761 scopus 로고
    • Method for the rapid determination of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the same brain region
    • Jacobowitz D.M., Richardson J.S. Method for the rapid determination of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in the same brain region. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1978, 8(5):515-519.
    • (1978) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.8 , Issue.5 , pp. 515-519
    • Jacobowitz, D.M.1    Richardson, J.S.2
  • 35
    • 0042201867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood
    • Kennedy D.O., Scholey A.B. Ginseng: potential for the enhancement of cognitive performance and mood. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2003, 75(3):687-700.
    • (2003) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.75 , Issue.3 , pp. 687-700
    • Kennedy, D.O.1    Scholey, A.B.2
  • 36
    • 0014754150 scopus 로고
    • Influence of ginseng on the stress mechanism
    • Kim C., Kim C.C., Kim M.S., Hu C.Y., Rhe J.S. Influence of ginseng on the stress mechanism. Lloydia 1970, 33(1):43-48.
    • (1970) Lloydia , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-48
    • Kim, C.1    Kim, C.C.2    Kim, M.S.3    Hu, C.Y.4    Rhe, J.S.5
  • 37
    • 15644373563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels by ginsenosides in mice: involvement of nitric oxide
    • Kim D.H., Jung J.S., Suh H.W., Huh S.O., Min S.K., Son B.K., et al. Inhibition of stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels by ginsenosides in mice: involvement of nitric oxide. Neuroreport 1998, 9(10):2261-2264.
    • (1998) Neuroreport , vol.9 , Issue.10 , pp. 2261-2264
    • Kim, D.H.1    Jung, J.S.2    Suh, H.W.3    Huh, S.O.4    Min, S.K.5    Son, B.K.6
  • 38
    • 0034534208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dammarane derivatives protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity
    • Kim S.R., Sung S.H., Kwon S.W., Park J.H., Huh H., Kim Y.C. Dammarane derivatives protect cultured rat cortical cells from glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2000, 52(12):1505-1511.
    • (2000) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.52 , Issue.12 , pp. 1505-1511
    • Kim, S.R.1    Sung, S.H.2    Kwon, S.W.3    Park, J.H.4    Huh, H.5    Kim, Y.C.6
  • 39
    • 1542707445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of intracerebroventricular injection stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels by intracerebroventricularly administered compound K, a ginseng saponin metabolite, in mice
    • Kim D.H., Jung J.S., Moon Y.S., Sung J.H., Suh H.W., Kim Y.H., et al. Inhibition of intracerebroventricular injection stress-induced plasma corticosterone levels by intracerebroventricularly administered compound K, a ginseng saponin metabolite, in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2003, 26(7):1035-1038.
    • (2003) Biol Pharm Bull , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1035-1038
    • Kim, D.H.1    Jung, J.S.2    Moon, Y.S.3    Sung, J.H.4    Suh, H.W.5    Kim, Y.H.6
  • 40
    • 0038393172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginseng saponin administered intraperitoneally on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice
    • Kim D.H., Moon Y.S., Jung J.S., Min S.K., Son B.K., Suh H.W., et al. Effects of ginseng saponin administered intraperitoneally on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in mice. Neurosci Lett 2003, 343(1):62-66.
    • (2003) Neurosci Lett , vol.343 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-66
    • Kim, D.H.1    Moon, Y.S.2    Jung, J.S.3    Min, S.K.4    Son, B.K.5    Suh, H.W.6
  • 41
    • 64949176679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panax ginseng protects against global ischemia injury in rat hippocampus
    • Kim Y.O., Kim H.J., Kim G.S., Park H.G., Lim S.J., Seong N.S., et al. Panax ginseng protects against global ischemia injury in rat hippocampus. J Med Food 2009, 12(1):71-76.
    • (2009) J Med Food , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-76
    • Kim, Y.O.1    Kim, H.J.2    Kim, G.S.3    Park, H.G.4    Lim, S.J.5    Seong, N.S.6
  • 43
    • 69949161473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depression and antidepressants: molecular and cellular aspects
    • Lanni C., Govoni S., Lucchelli A., Boselli C. Depression and antidepressants: molecular and cellular aspects. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009, 66(18):2985-3008.
    • (2009) Cell Mol Life Sci , vol.66 , Issue.18 , pp. 2985-3008
    • Lanni, C.1    Govoni, S.2    Lucchelli, A.3    Boselli, C.4
  • 44
    • 0032561297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene and red ginseng)
    • Lee B.M., Lee S.K., Kim H.S. Inhibition of oxidative DNA damage, 8-OHdG, and carbonyl contents in smokers treated with antioxidants (vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene and red ginseng). Cancer Lett 1998, 132(1-2):219-227.
    • (1998) Cancer Lett , vol.132 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 219-227
    • Lee, B.M.1    Lee, S.K.2    Kim, H.S.3
  • 45
    • 33744944294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The antistress effect of ginseng total saponin and ginsenoside Rg3 and Rb1 evaluated by brain polyamine level under immobilization stress
    • Lee S.H., Jung B.H., Kim S.Y., Lee E.H., Chung B.C. The antistress effect of ginseng total saponin and ginsenoside Rg3 and Rb1 evaluated by brain polyamine level under immobilization stress. Pharmacol Res 2006, 54(1):46-49.
    • (2006) Pharmacol Res , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-49
    • Lee, S.H.1    Jung, B.H.2    Kim, S.Y.3    Lee, E.H.4    Chung, B.C.5
  • 46
    • 0021619808 scopus 로고
    • The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression
    • Leonard B.E. The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 1984, 36(5):561-569.
    • (1984) Pol J Pharmacol Pharm , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 561-569
    • Leonard, B.E.1
  • 47
    • 0032573627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Panax quinquefolium saponins protects low density lipoproteins from oxidation
    • Li J., Huang M., Teoh H., Man R.Y. Panax quinquefolium saponins protects low density lipoproteins from oxidation. Life Sci 1999, 64(1):53-62.
    • (1999) Life Sci , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-62
    • Li, J.1    Huang, M.2    Teoh, H.3    Man, R.Y.4
  • 48
    • 18244378766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effects of ginseng components in a rodent model of neurodegeneration
    • Lian X.Y., Zhang Z., Stringer J.L. Protective effects of ginseng components in a rodent model of neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol 2005, 57(5):642-648.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , Issue.5 , pp. 642-648
    • Lian, X.Y.1    Zhang, Z.2    Stringer, J.L.3
  • 49
    • 0036180097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of ginseng total saponin and ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on spinal cord neurons in vitro
    • Liao B., Newmark H., Zhou R. Neuroprotective effects of ginseng total saponin and ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on spinal cord neurons in vitro. Exp Neurol 2002, 173(2):224-234.
    • (2002) Exp Neurol , vol.173 , Issue.2 , pp. 224-234
    • Liao, B.1    Newmark, H.2    Zhou, R.3
  • 50
    • 0031009473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root
    • Lim J.H., Wen T.C., Matsuda S., Tanaka J., Maeda N., Peng H., et al. Protection of ischemic hippocampal neurons by ginsenoside Rb1, a main ingredient of ginseng root. Neurosci Res 1997, 28(3):191-200.
    • (1997) Neurosci Res , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-200
    • Lim, J.H.1    Wen, T.C.2    Matsuda, S.3    Tanaka, J.4    Maeda, N.5    Peng, H.6
  • 51
    • 57349132439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant protection by American ginseng in pancreatic beta-cells
    • Lin E., Wang Y., Mehendale S., Sun S., Wang C.Z., Xie J.T., et al. Antioxidant protection by American ginseng in pancreatic beta-cells. Am J Chin Med 2008, 36(5):981-988.
    • (2008) Am J Chin Med , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 981-988
    • Lin, E.1    Wang, Y.2    Mehendale, S.3    Sun, S.4    Wang, C.Z.5    Xie, J.T.6
  • 53
    • 67650591254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from 1950s until today
    • Lopez-Munoz F., Alamo C. Monoaminergic neurotransmission: the history of the discovery of antidepressants from 1950s until today. Curr Pharm Des 2009, 15(14):1563-1586.
    • (2009) Curr Pharm Des , vol.15 , Issue.14 , pp. 1563-1586
    • Lopez-Munoz, F.1    Alamo, C.2
  • 54
    • 0035017384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to the effects of pharmacologically selective antidepressants in different strains of mice
    • Lucki I., Dalvi A., Mayorga A.J. Sensitivity to the effects of pharmacologically selective antidepressants in different strains of mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2001, 155(3):315-322.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.155 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-322
    • Lucki, I.1    Dalvi, A.2    Mayorga, A.J.3
  • 55
    • 0016628323 scopus 로고
    • The effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on locomotor activity in mice
    • Maj J., Pawlowski The effect of L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on locomotor activity in mice. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 1975, 27(Suppl):145-149.
    • (1975) Pol J Pharmacol Pharm , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 145-149
    • Maj, J.P.1
  • 56
    • 0032764385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An investigation of serotonergic involvement in the regulation of ACTH and corticosterone in the olfactory bulbectomized rat
    • Marcilhac A., Faudon M., Anglade G., Hery F., Siaud P. An investigation of serotonergic involvement in the regulation of ACTH and corticosterone in the olfactory bulbectomized rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999, 63(4):599-605.
    • (1999) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 599-605
    • Marcilhac, A.1    Faudon, M.2    Anglade, G.3    Hery, F.4    Siaud, P.5
  • 57
    • 33748171121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animal models of depression in drug discovery: a historical perspective
    • McArthur R., Borsini F. Animal models of depression in drug discovery: a historical perspective. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006, 84(3):436-452.
    • (2006) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.84 , Issue.3 , pp. 436-452
    • McArthur, R.1    Borsini, F.2
  • 59
    • 45549084093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A link between stress and depression: shifts in the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism and the etiology and pathophysiology of depression
    • Miura H., Ozaki N., Sawada M., Isobe K., Ohta T., Nagatsu T. A link between stress and depression: shifts in the balance between the kynurenine and serotonin pathways of tryptophan metabolism and the etiology and pathophysiology of depression. Stress 2008, 11(3):198-209.
    • (2008) Stress , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 198-209
    • Miura, H.1    Ozaki, N.2    Sawada, M.3    Isobe, K.4    Ohta, T.5    Nagatsu, T.6
  • 60
    • 62449244004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell death: protein misfolding and neurodegenerative diseases
    • Nakamura T., Lipton S.A. Cell death: protein misfolding and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis 2009, 14(4):455-468.
    • (2009) Apoptosis , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 455-468
    • Nakamura, T.1    Lipton, S.A.2
  • 61
    • 34248578982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effect of a ginseng (Panax ginseng) root extract on astrocytes primary culture
    • Naval M.V., Gomez-Serranillos M.P., Carretero M.E., Villar A.M. Neuroprotective effect of a ginseng (Panax ginseng) root extract on astrocytes primary culture. J Ethnopharmacol 2007, 112(2):262-270.
    • (2007) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.112 , Issue.2 , pp. 262-270
    • Naval, M.V.1    Gomez-Serranillos, M.P.2    Carretero, M.E.3    Villar, A.M.4
  • 62
    • 1542299043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in affective disorders
    • Ozcan M.E., Gulec M., Ozerol E., Polat R., Akyol O. Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in affective disorders. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004, 19(2):89-95.
    • (2004) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-95
    • Ozcan, M.E.1    Gulec, M.2    Ozerol, E.3    Polat, R.4    Akyol, O.5
  • 63
    • 77951224423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficacy, tolerability, and safety of contemporary antidepressants
    • Papakostas G.I. The efficacy, tolerability, and safety of contemporary antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry 2010, 71(Suppl E1):e03.
    • (2010) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.71 , Issue.SUPPL E1
    • Papakostas, G.I.1
  • 64
    • 50649122300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between post-operative depression/anxiety and hippocampal/amygdala volumes in temporal lobectomy for epilepsy
    • Paparrigopoulos T., Ferentinos P., Brierley B., Shaw P., David A.S. Relationship between post-operative depression/anxiety and hippocampal/amygdala volumes in temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2008, 81(1):30-35.
    • (2008) Epilepsy Res , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 30-35
    • Paparrigopoulos, T.1    Ferentinos, P.2    Brierley, B.3    Shaw, P.4    David, A.S.5
  • 65
    • 50549092885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments
    • Pariante C.M., Lightman S.L. The HPA axis in major depression: classical theories and new developments. Trends Neurosci 2008, 31(9):464-468.
    • (2008) Trends Neurosci , vol.31 , Issue.9 , pp. 464-468
    • Pariante, C.M.1    Lightman, S.L.2
  • 66
    • 10444280771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium-independent CaMKII activity is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated neuronal recovery after hypoxic damage
    • Park J.K., Namgung U., Lee C.J., Park J.O., Jin S.H., Kwon O.B., et al. Calcium-independent CaMKII activity is involved in ginsenoside Rb1-mediated neuronal recovery after hypoxic damage. Life Sci 2005, 76(9):1013-1025.
    • (2005) Life Sci , vol.76 , Issue.9 , pp. 1013-1025
    • Park, J.K.1    Namgung, U.2    Lee, C.J.3    Park, J.O.4    Jin, S.H.5    Kwon, O.B.6
  • 67
    • 0032031290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients
    • Peet M., Murphy B., Shay J., Horrobin D. Depletion of omega-3 fatty acid levels in red blood cell membranes of depressive patients. Biol Psychiatry 1998, 43(5):315-319.
    • (1998) Biol Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 315-319
    • Peet, M.1    Murphy, B.2    Shay, J.3    Horrobin, D.4
  • 68
    • 0017651126 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants
    • Porsolt R.D., Bertin A., Jalfre M. Behavioral despair in mice: a primary screening test for antidepressants. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1977, 229(2):327-336.
    • (1977) Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther , vol.229 , Issue.2 , pp. 327-336
    • Porsolt, R.D.1    Bertin, A.2    Jalfre, M.3
  • 69
    • 33646036727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry applied for metabolic study of ginsenoside Rb1 on rat
    • Qian T., Jiang Z.H., Cai Z. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry applied for metabolic study of ginsenoside Rb1 on rat. Anal Biochem 2006, 352(1):87-96.
    • (2006) Anal Biochem , vol.352 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-96
    • Qian, T.1    Jiang, Z.H.2    Cai, Z.3
  • 70
    • 4344622460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate
    • Radad K., Gille G., Moldzio R., Saito H., Rausch W.D. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 effects on mesencephalic dopaminergic cells stressed with glutamate. Brain Res 2004, 1021(1):41-53.
    • (2004) Brain Res , vol.1021 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-53
    • Radad, K.1    Gille, G.2    Moldzio, R.3    Saito, H.4    Rausch, W.D.5
  • 71
    • 1042304299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a comparative study
    • Rai D., Bhatia G., Sen T., Palit G. Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a comparative study. J Pharmacol Sci 2003, 93(4):458-464.
    • (2003) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.93 , Issue.4 , pp. 458-464
    • Rai, D.1    Bhatia, G.2    Sen, T.3    Palit, G.4
  • 72
    • 0033053840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The determination of the optimal dose of milnacipran in the olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depression
    • Redmond A.M., Kelly J.P., Leonard B.E. The determination of the optimal dose of milnacipran in the olfactory bulbectomized rat model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999, 62(4):619-623.
    • (1999) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.62 , Issue.4 , pp. 619-623
    • Redmond, A.M.1    Kelly, J.P.2    Leonard, B.E.3
  • 74
    • 0025744335 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of antidepressant action by dopamine antagonists in an animal model of depression
    • Sampson D., Willner P., Muscat R. Reversal of antidepressant action by dopamine antagonists in an animal model of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1991, 104(4):491-495.
    • (1991) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 491-495
    • Sampson, D.1    Willner, P.2    Muscat, R.3
  • 75
    • 57649129461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of ginsenosides Rg(2) and Rh(1) on oxidation-induced impairment of erythrocyte membrane properties
    • Samukawa K., Suzuki Y., Ohkubo N., Aoto M., Sakanaka M., Mitsuda N. Protective effect of ginsenosides Rg(2) and Rh(1) on oxidation-induced impairment of erythrocyte membrane properties. Biorheology 2008, 45(6):689-700.
    • (2008) Biorheology , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 689-700
    • Samukawa, K.1    Suzuki, Y.2    Ohkubo, N.3    Aoto, M.4    Sakanaka, M.5    Mitsuda, N.6
  • 76
    • 69449101962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual side-effects of contemporary antidepressants: review
    • Schweitzer I., Maguire K., Ng C. Sexual side-effects of contemporary antidepressants: review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2009, 43(9):795-808.
    • (2009) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.9 , pp. 795-808
    • Schweitzer, I.1    Maguire, K.2    Ng, C.3
  • 77
    • 35248866002 scopus 로고
    • Stress and disease
    • discussion, 326-9, 59th Meeting
    • Selye H. Stress and disease. Trans Am Laryngol Rhinol Otol Soc 1955, 312-326. discussion, 326-9.
    • (1955) Trans Am Laryngol Rhinol Otol Soc , pp. 312-326
    • Selye, H.1
  • 78
    • 24644489772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebroprotective effect of Korean ginseng tea against global and focal models of ischemia in rats
    • Shah Z.A., Gilani R.A., Sharma P., Vohora S.B. Cerebroprotective effect of Korean ginseng tea against global and focal models of ischemia in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2005, 101(1-3):299-307.
    • (2005) J Ethnopharmacol , vol.101 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 299-307
    • Shah, Z.A.1    Gilani, R.A.2    Sharma, P.3    Vohora, S.B.4
  • 79
    • 0141497898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging studies of mood disorder effects on the brain
    • Sheline Y.I. Neuroimaging studies of mood disorder effects on the brain. Biol Psychiatry 2003, 54(3):338-352.
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.54 , Issue.3 , pp. 338-352
    • Sheline, Y.I.1
  • 80
    • 33847184259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on glutamate-induced lung injury
    • Shen L., Han J.Z., Li C., Yue S.J., Liu Y., Qin X.Q., et al. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on glutamate-induced lung injury. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2007, 28(3):392-397.
    • (2007) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 392-397
    • Shen, L.1    Han, J.Z.2    Li, C.3    Yue, S.J.4    Liu, Y.5    Qin, X.Q.6
  • 81
    • 0037092425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor produces antidepressant effects in behavioral models of depression
    • Shirayama Y., Chen A.C., Nakagawa S., Russell D.S., Duman R.S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor produces antidepressant effects in behavioral models of depression. J Neurosci 2002, 22(8):3251-3261.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , Issue.8 , pp. 3251-3261
    • Shirayama, Y.1    Chen, A.C.2    Nakagawa, S.3    Russell, D.S.4    Duman, R.S.5
  • 82
    • 0036845030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of antioxidants in chronic fatigue syndrome in mice
    • Singh A., Garg V., Gupta S., Kulkarni S.K. Role of antioxidants in chronic fatigue syndrome in mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2002, 40(11):1240-1244.
    • (2002) Indian J Exp Biol , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 1240-1244
    • Singh, A.1    Garg, V.2    Gupta, S.3    Kulkarni, S.K.4
  • 83
    • 19944391381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The olfactory bulbectomised rat as a model of depression
    • Song C., Leonard B.E. The olfactory bulbectomised rat as a model of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2005, 29(4-5):627-647.
    • (2005) Neurosci Biobehav Rev , vol.29 , Issue.4-5 , pp. 627-647
    • Song, C.1    Leonard, B.E.2
  • 84
    • 0021990491 scopus 로고
    • The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice
    • Steru L., Chermat R., Thierry B., Simon P. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1985, 85(3):367-370.
    • (1985) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 367-370
    • Steru, L.1    Chermat, R.2    Thierry, B.3    Simon, P.4
  • 85
    • 73649155585 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of a new type of antidepressant drug which does not block monoamine oxidase
    • Sulser F., Brodie B.B. The mechanism of action of a new type of antidepressant drug which does not block monoamine oxidase. Chic Med 1962, 65:9-11.
    • (1962) Chic Med , vol.65 , pp. 9-11
    • Sulser, F.1    Brodie, B.B.2
  • 86
    • 23644431529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration
    • Swaab D.F., Bao A.M., Lucassen P.J. The stress system in the human brain in depression and neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2005, 4(2):141-194.
    • (2005) Ageing Res Rev , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 141-194
    • Swaab, D.F.1    Bao, A.M.2    Lucassen, P.J.3
  • 87
    • 0026709767 scopus 로고
    • Anti-stress effect of ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance in stressed mice
    • Takahashi M., Tokuyama S., Kaneto H. Anti-stress effect of ginseng on the inhibition of the development of morphine tolerance in stressed mice. Jpn J Pharmacol 1992, 59(3):399-404.
    • (1992) Jpn J Pharmacol , vol.59 , Issue.3 , pp. 399-404
    • Takahashi, M.1    Tokuyama, S.2    Kaneto, H.3
  • 89
    • 0023545257 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical effects of the antidepressant paroxetine, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor
    • Thomas D.R., Nelson D.R., Johnson A.M. Biochemical effects of the antidepressant paroxetine, a specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1987, 93(2):193-200.
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.93 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-200
    • Thomas, D.R.1    Nelson, D.R.2    Johnson, A.M.3
  • 90
    • 0032743041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of Korean red ginseng on psychological functions in patients with severe climacteric syndromes
    • Tode T., Kikuchi Y., Hirata J., Kita T., Nakata H., Nagata I. Effect of Korean red ginseng on psychological functions in patients with severe climacteric syndromes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1999, 67(3):169-174.
    • (1999) Int J Gynaecol Obstet , vol.67 , Issue.3 , pp. 169-174
    • Tode, T.1    Kikuchi, Y.2    Hirata, J.3    Kita, T.4    Nakata, H.5    Nagata, I.6
  • 92
    • 78649522616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO, World Health Organization
    • Depression, Vol. 2010 2010, WHO, World Health Organization.
    • (2010) Depression, Vol. 2010
  • 93
    • 0033509909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group
    • Wiklund I.K., Mattsson L.A., Lindgren R., Limoni C. Effects of a standardized ginseng extract on quality of life and physiological parameters in symptomatic postmenopausal women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Swedish Alternative Medicine Group. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1999, 19(3):89-99.
    • (1999) Int J Clin Pharmacol Res , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 89-99
    • Wiklund, I.K.1    Mattsson, L.A.2    Lindgren, R.3    Limoni, C.4
  • 94
    • 78649512402 scopus 로고
    • Optimization of the conditions for measurement of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat brain by fluorescence
    • Wu X., LIU J. Optimization of the conditions for measurement of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat brain by fluorescence. Acta Pharmacol Sin 1987, 3(6):371-374.
    • (1987) Acta Pharmacol Sin , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 371-374
    • Wu, X.1    Liu, J.2
  • 95
    • 67349176647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant-like synergism of extracts from magnolia bark and ginger rhizome alone and in combination in mice
    • Yi L.T., Xu Q., Li Y.C., Yang L., Kong L.D. Antidepressant-like synergism of extracts from magnolia bark and ginger rhizome alone and in combination in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009, 33(4):616-624.
    • (2009) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 616-624
    • Yi, L.T.1    Xu, Q.2    Li, Y.C.3    Yang, L.4    Kong, L.D.5
  • 96
    • 44349164016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces neurodegeneration in the peri-infarct area of a thromboembolic stroke model in non-human primates
    • Yoshikawa T., Akiyoshi Y., Susumu T., Tokado H., Fukuzaki K., Nagata R., et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 reduces neurodegeneration in the peri-infarct area of a thromboembolic stroke model in non-human primates. J Pharmacol Sci 2008, 107(1):32-40.
    • (2008) J Pharmacol Sci , vol.107 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-40
    • Yoshikawa, T.1    Akiyoshi, Y.2    Susumu, T.3    Tokado, H.4    Fukuzaki, K.5    Nagata, R.6
  • 97
    • 0024436785 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ginseng root saponins on brain monoamines and serum corticosterone in heat-stressed mice
    • Yuan W.X., Wu X.J., Yang F.X., Shang X.H., Zhang L.L. Effects of ginseng root saponins on brain monoamines and serum corticosterone in heat-stressed mice. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1989, 10(6):492-496.
    • (1989) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 492-496
    • Yuan, W.X.1    Wu, X.J.2    Yang, F.X.3    Shang, X.H.4    Zhang, L.L.5
  • 98
    • 58549089540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, stress and depression: a minireview
    • Yulug B., Ozan E., Gonul A.S., Kilic E. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, stress and depression: a minireview. Brain Res Bull 2009, 78(6):267-269.
    • (2009) Brain Res Bull , vol.78 , Issue.6 , pp. 267-269
    • Yulug, B.1    Ozan, E.2    Gonul, A.S.3    Kilic, E.4
  • 99
    • 0029704284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influences of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on reversible focal brain ischemia in rats
    • Zhang Y.G., Liu T.P. Influences of ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 on reversible focal brain ischemia in rats. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 1996, 17(1):44-48.
    • (1996) Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-48
    • Zhang, Y.G.1    Liu, T.P.2
  • 100
    • 0033984397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term fluoxetine produces behavioral anxiolytic effects without inhibiting neuroendocrine responses to conditioned stress in rats
    • Zhang Y., Raap D.K., Garcia F., Serres F., Ma Q., Battaglia G., et al. Long-term fluoxetine produces behavioral anxiolytic effects without inhibiting neuroendocrine responses to conditioned stress in rats. Brain Res 2000, 855(1):58-66.
    • (2000) Brain Res , vol.855 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-66
    • Zhang, Y.1    Raap, D.K.2    Garcia, F.3    Serres, F.4    Ma, Q.5    Battaglia, G.6
  • 101
    • 41749101245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardioprotection of Shenfu Injection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in open heart surgery
    • Zheng C.D., Min S. Cardioprotection of Shenfu Injection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in open heart surgery. Chin J Integr Med 2008, 14(1):10-16.
    • (2008) Chin J Integr Med , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-16
    • Zheng, C.D.1    Min, S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.