Nitric oxide and the gastrointestinal tract

International Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 31-39

  Kochar, Nitin I ^a   Chandewal, Anil V ^a   Bakal, Ravindra L ^a   Kochar, Priya N ^b  

^a P Wadhwani College of Pharmacy   (India)

^b MAHATMA GANDHI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES   (India)

Author keywords

Arginine; Gastrointestinal tract; GI diseases; Nitric oxide; Nitric oxide synthase

Indexed keywords

ARGININE; CASPASE; CYTOCHROME C; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE; N MONOMETHYL LEVO ARGININE; NEURONAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE DONOR; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; NITROSAMINE; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN BCL XL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANGIOGENESIS; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANUS FISSURE; APOPTOSIS; CARCINOGENESIS; DIARRHEA; ESOPHAGUS SPASM; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY; GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY DISORDER; GASTROINTESTINAL MUCOSA; GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT; GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT; HUMAN; INTESTINE INNERVATION; INTESTINE MUSCLE; MUCUS SECRETION; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; SMOOTH MUSCLE TONE; STOMACH ACID SECRETION; STOMACH BLOOD FLOW; STOMACH EMPTYING; STOMACH MUCUS; STOMACH ULCER; SYNTHESIS; ULCER HEALING;

EID: 78649344197     PISSN: 18117775     EISSN: 18125700     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2011.31.39     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. Albina, J.E., S. Cm, R.B. Mateo and J.S. Reichner, 1997. Nitric oxide-Mediated apoptosis in murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Immunol., 150: 5080-5085.
2. Allescher, H.D., M. Kurjak, A. Huber, P. Trudrung and V. Schusdziarra, 1996. Regulation of VIP release from rat enteric nerve terminals: Evidence for a stimulatory effect of NO. Am. J. Physiol, 271: 568-574.
3. Ancha, H., H. Ojeas, D. Tedesco, A. Ward and R.F. Harry, 2003. Somatostatin-induced gastric protection against ethanol: Involvement of nitric oxide and effects on gastric mucosal blood flow. Regul. Pept, 110: 107-113.
4. Banick, P.D., Q.P. Chen, Y.A. Xu and S.R. Thorn, 1997. Nitric oxide inhibits neutrophil â2 integrin function by inhibiting membrane associated cyclic GMP synthesis. J. Cell Physiol, 172: 12-24.
5. Baraona, E., L. Shoichet, K. Navder and CS. Lieber, 2002. Mediation by nitric oxide of the stimulatory effects of ethanol on blood flow. Life Sei., 70: 2987-2995.
6. Berg, A., S. Redeen, A.C. Ericson and S.E. Sjostrand, 2004. Nitric oxide-an endogenous inhibitor of gastric acid secretion in isolated human gastric glands. BMC. Gastroenterol, 4: 16-20.
7. Beubier, E. and A. Schirgi-Degen, 1997. Nitric oxide counteracts 5-hydroxytryptamine- and cholera toxin-induced fluid secretion and enhances the effect of oral rehydration solution. Eur. J. Pharmacol, 326: 223-228.
8. Brasitus, T.A., M. Field and D.V. Kimberg, 1976. Intestinal mucosal cyclic GMP: Regulation and relation to ion transport. Am. J. Physiol, 231: 275-282.
9. Brittain, T., R. Blackmore, C. Greenwood and A.J. Thomson, 1992. Bacterial nitrite-reducing enzymes. Eur. J. Biochem., 209: 793-802.
10. Brown, J.F., B.L. Tepperman, P.J. Hanson, B.J. Whittle and S. Moncada, 1992. Differential distribution of nitric oxide synthase between cell fractions isolated from the rat gastric mucosa. Biochem. Biophy. Res. Commun., 184: 680-685.
11. Brown, J.F., A.C. Keates, P.J. Hanson and B.J. Whittle, 1993. Nitric oxide generators and cGMP stimulate mucus secretion by rat gastric mucosal cells. Am. J. Physiol, 265: 418-422.
12. Brzozowski, T., S.J. Konturek, Z. Sliwowski, D. Drozdowicz, M. Zaczek and D. Kedra, 1997. Role of L-arginine, a substrate for nitric oxide-synthase, in gastroprotection and ulcer healing. J. Gastroenterol., 32: 442-452.
13. Bult, H., G.E. Boeckxstaens, P.A. Pelckmans, F.H. Jordeans, Y.M. van Maercke and A.G. Herman, 1990. Nitric oxide as an inhibitory non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmitter. Nature, 345: 346-347.
14. Casellas, F., M. Mourelle, M. Papo, F. Guarner, M. Antolin, J.R. Annengol and J.R. Malagelada, 1996. Bile acid induced colonic irritation stimulates intracolonic nitric oxide release in humans. Gut, 38: 719-723.
15. Clancy, R., S.B. Abramson, C. Kohne and J.J. Rediske, 1997. Activation of stres s-activated protein kinase in osteoarthritic cartilage: Evidence for nitric oxide dependence. Cell Physiol, 172: 183-188.
16. Clem, R.J., E.H. Cheng, C.L. Karp, D.G. Kirsch and K. Ueno et al, 1998. Modulation of cell death by Bcl-XL through caspase interaction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA., 95: 554-559.
17. Davenpeck, K.L., T.W. Gauthier and A.K. Lefer, 1994. Inhibition of endothelial derived nitric oxide promotes P-selectin expression and actions in the rat microcirculation. Gastroenterology, 107: 1050-1058.
18. De Meyer, G.R., M.M. Kockx, M.W. Knaapen, W. Martinet D.M. De Cleen, H. Bult and A.G. Herman, 2003. Nitric oxide donor molsidomine favors features of atherosclerotic plaque stability during cholesterol lowering in rabbits. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 41: 970-978.
19. Duncan, C, H. Dougall, P. Johnston, S. Green and R. Brogan et al 1995. Chemical generation of nitric oxide in the mouth from the enterosalivary circulation of dietary nitrate. Nat. Med., 1: 546-551.
20. Elliott, S.N. and J.L. Wallace, 1998. Nitric oxide: A regulator of mucosal defense and injury. J. Gastroenterol, 33: 792-803.
21. Esplugues, J.V., M.A. Martinez-Cuesta, B.D. Barrachina, S. Calatayud and B.J. Whittle, 1994. Involvement of endogenous nitric oxide in the inhibition by endotoxin and interleukin-1 beta of gastric acid secretion. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol, 9: 45-49.
22. Fiorucci, S., E. Antonelli, L. Santucci, O. Morelli and M. Miglietti et al, 1999. Gastrointestinal safety of nitric oxide-derived aspirin is related to inhibition of ICE-like cysteine protease in rat. Gastroenterology, 116: 1089-1106.
23. Gaginella, T.S., N. Mascolo, A.A. Izzo, G. Autore and F. Capasso, 1994. Nitric oxide as a mediator of bisacodyl and Phenolphthalein laxative action: Induction of nitric oxide synthase. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.,270: 1239-1245.
24. Goretski, J., O.C. Zafinou and T.C. Hollocher, 1990. Steady-state nitric oxide concentrations during demtrification. J. Biol Chem., 265: 11535-11538.
25. Greenblatt, E.P., A.L. Loeb and D.E. Longnecker, 1993. Marked regional heterogeneity in the magnitude of EDRF/NO-mediated vascular tone in awake rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol, 21: 235-240.
26. Grossmann, J., S. Mohr, E.G. Lapetina, C. Fiocchi and A.D. Levine, 1998. Sequential and rapid activation of select caspases during apoptosis of normal intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol, 274: 1117-1124.
27. Hirsch, D.P., R.H. Holloway, G.N. Tytgat and G.E. Boeckxstaens, 1998. Involvement of nitric oxide in human transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations and esophageal primary peristalsis. Gastroenterology, 115: 1374-1380.
28. Hogaboam, CM., A.D. Befus and J.L. Wallace, 1993. Modualtion of rat mast cell reactivity by IL-lb: Divergent effects on nitric oxide and platelet- activiting factor release. J. Immunol, 151: 3767-3774.
29. Hortelano, S., B. Dallaporta, N. Zamzami, T. Hirsch and S.A. Susi et al, 1997. Nitric oxide induces apoptosis via triggering mitochondrial permeability transition. FEBS. Lett, 410: 373-377.
30. Hsu, Y.T., K.G. Wolter and R.J. Youle, 1997. Cytosol-to- membrane redistribution of Bax and Bcl-X(L) during apoptosis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA., 94: 3668-3672.
31. Izzo, A.A., T.S. Gaginella, N. Mascolo and F. Capasso, 1994. Nitric oxide as a mediator of the laxative action of magnesium sulphate. Br. J. Pharmacol, 113: 228-232.
32. Izzo, A.A., L. Sautebin, L. Rombola and F. Capasso, 1997. The role of constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase in senna- and cas cara-induced diarrhoea in the rat. Eur. J. Pharmacol, 323: 93-97.
33. Izzo, A.A., N. Mascolo and F. Capasso, 1998. Nitric oxide as a modulator of intestinal water and electrolyte transport. Dig. Dis. Sei., 43: 1605-1620.
34. Jadeski, L.C., K.O. Hum, C. Chakraborty and P.K. Lala, 2000. Nitric oxide promotes murine mammary tumour growth and metastasis by stimulating tumour cell migration, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Int. J. Cancer, 86: 30-39.
35. Jaiswal, M., N.F. LaRusso, R.A. Shapiro, T.R. Bilhar and G.J. Gores, 2001. Nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of DNA repair potentiates oxidative DNA damage in cholangiocytes. Gastroenterology, 120: 190-199.
36. Jurgensmeier, J.M., Z. Xie, Q. Deveraux, L. Ellerby, D. Bredesen and J.C. Reed, 1998. Bax directly induces release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA., 95: 4997-5002.
37. King, B.N., M.C. Stoner, S.M. Haque and J.M. Kellum, 2004. Nitrergic secretomotor neurotransmitter in the chloride secretory response to serotonin. Dig. Dis. Sei., 49: 196-201.
38. Kiraly, A., G. Suto and Y. Tache, 1993. Role of nitric oxide in the gastric cytoprotection induced by central vagal stimulation. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 240: 299-301.
39. Kluck, R.M., E. Bossy-Wetzel, D.R. Green and D.D. Newmeyer, 1997. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: A primary site for Bcl-2 regulation ofapoptosis. Science, 275: 1132-1136.
40. Kochar, N.I. and S.N. Umathe, 2009. Beneficial effects of L-arginine against diabetes-induced oxidative stress in rats. Pharmacol. Rep., 4: 665-672.
41. Konturek, S.J., T. Brzozowski, J. Majka, J. Pytko-Polonczyk and J. Stachura, 1993. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase delays healing of chronic gastric ulcers. Eur. J. Pharmacol, 239: 215-217.
42. Kroemer, G., N. Zamzami and S.A. Susin, 1997. Mitochondrial control ofapoptosis. Immunol. Today, 18: 44-51.
43. Kwiecien, S., T. Brzozowski, P.C. Konturek and S.J. Konturek, 2002. The role of reactive oxygen species in action of nitric oxide-donors on stress- induced gastric mucosal lesions. J. Physiol. Pharmacol, 53: 761-773.
44. Larsson, L.T., Z. Shen, E. Ekblad, F. Sundler, P. Aim and K.E. Andersson, 1995. Lack of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in nerve fibers of aganglionic intestine: A clue to Hirschsprung's disease. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr., 20: 49-53.
45. Levine, A. J., 1997. P53, The cellular gatekeeper for growth and division Cell, 88: 323-331.
46. Li, Y., H.Y. Wang and C.H. Cho, 1999. Association of heparin with basic fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor and constitutive nitric oxide synthase on ealing of gastric ulcer in rats. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 290: 789-796.
47. Li, Y., W.P. Wang, H.Y. Wang and C.H. Cho, 2000. Intragastric administration of heparin enhances gastric ulcer healing through a nitric oxide-dependent mechanism in rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol, 399: 205-214.
48. Lippe, I.T. and P. Holzer, 1992. Participation of endothelium-derived nitric oxide but not prostacyclin in the gastric mucosal hyperemia due to acid back-diffusion. Br. J. Pharmacol, 105: 708-714.
49. Lundberg, J.O., M. Herulf, M. Olesen, J. Bohr and C. Tysk et al., 1997. Increased nitric oxide production in collagenous and lymphocytic colitis. Eur. J. Clin. Invest, 27: 869-871.
50. Ma, L., J.Y.C. Chow and C.H. Cho, 1999. Cigarette smoking delays ulcer healing: Role of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in rat stomach. Am. J. Physiol, 39: 238-248.
51. Macedo, M.P. and W.W. Lautt, 1997. Potentiation to vasodilators by nitric oxide synthase blockade in superior mesenteric but not hepatic artery. Am. J. Physiol, 272: 507-514.
52. Mascolo, N, A.A. Izzo, F. Barbato and F. Capasso, 1993. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthetase prevent castor-oil-induced diarrhoea in the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol, 108: 861-864.
53. Mashimo, H. and R.K. Goyal, 1999. Lessons from genetically engineered animal models. IV. Nitric oxide synthase gene knockout mice. Am. J. Physiol, 277: 745-750.
54. Mashini, E., D. Salvemini, A. Pistelli, P.F. Mannaioni and J.R. Vane, 1991. Rat mast cells synthesized a nitric oxide-like factor which modulates the release of histamine. Agents Actions, 33: 61-63.
55. McCafferty, D.M., J.S. Mudgett, M.G. Swain and P. Kubes, 1997. Inducible nitric oxide synthase plays a critical role in resolving intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology, 112: 1022-1027.
56. McKnight, G.M., L.M. Smith, R.S. Drummond, C.W. Duncan, M. Golden and N. Benjamin, 1997. Chemical synthesis of nitric oxide in the stomach from dietary nitrate in humans. Gut, 40: 211-214.
57. Mearin, F., M. Mourelle, F. Guarner, A. Salas, V. Riveros-Moreno, S. Moncada and J.R. Malagelada, 1993. Patients with achalasia lack nitric oxide synthase in the gastro-oesophageal junction. Eur. J. Clin Invest, 23: 724-728.
58. Meulemans, A.L. and J.A. Schuurkes, 1993. NO in the gastrointestinal tract: An overview. J. Gastroenterol, 31: 17-23.
59. Moncada, S. and A. Higgs, 1993. The L-Arginine-nitric oxide pathway. New Engl. J. Med., 329: 2002-2012.
60. Moncada, S. and E.A. Higgs, 1995. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies related to nitric oxide. FASEBJ.,9: 1319-1330.
61. Mourelle, M., F. Casellas, F. Guarner, A. Salas, V. Riveros-Moreno, S. Moncada and J.R. Malagelada, 1995. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in colonic smooth muscle from patients with toxic megacolon. Gastroenterology, 109: 1497-1502.
62. Nagase, S., K. Takemura, A. Ueda, A. Hirayama, K. Aoyagi, M. Kondoh and A. Koyama, 1997. A novel nonenzymatic pathway for the generation of nitric oxide by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and D- or L-arginine. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 233: 150-153.
63. Ozturk, H., M. Aldemir, A.I. Dokucu, Y. Yagmur, N. Kilinc and A.H. Sahin, 2003. The nitric oxide donor molsidomine prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury of the adult rat small intestine. Pediatr. Surg. Int., 19: 305-308.
64. Parker, W.A. and G.L. MacKinnon, 1981. Nitrites in the treatment of diffuse esophageal spasm. Drug Intell. Clin Pharm., 15: 806-807.
65. Packer, M.A., J.L. Scarlett S.W. Martin and M.P. Murphy, 1997. Induction of the mitochondrial permeability transition by peroxynitrite. Biochem. Soc. Trans., 25: 909-914.
66. Pawlik, W.W., P. Gustaw, E.D. Jacobson, R. Sendur and K. Czarnobilski, 1995. Nitric oxide mediates intestinal hyperaemic responses to intraluminal bile-oleate. Pflugers Arch., 429: 301-305.
67. Perner, A., L. Andresen, M. Normark, B. Fischer-Hansen, J. Rask-Madsen, J. Eugen-Olsend and J. Rask-Madsena, 2001. Expression of nitric oxide synthases and effects of L-arginine and L-NMMA on nitric oxide production and fluid transport in collagenous colitis. Gut 49: 387-394.
68. Premaratne, S., C. Xue, J.M. McCarty, M. Zai and R.W. McCuen et al., 2001. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase: Expression in rat parietal cells. Am. J. Physiol, 280: 308-313.
69. Qiu, B., C. Pothoulakis, I. Castagliuolo, Z. Nikulasson and J.T. LaMont, 1996. Nitric oxide inhibits rat intestinal secretion by Clostridium difficile toxin A but not Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. Gastroenterology, 111: 409-418.
70. Radomski, M.W., D.C. Jenkins, L. Holmes and S. Monkada, 1991. Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells: Differential nitric oxide synthesis determines their ability to aggregate platelets. Cancer Res., 51: 6073-6078.
71. Rao, C.V., T. Kawamon, R. Hamid and B.S. Reddy, 1999. Chemoprevention of colonic aberrant crypt foci by an inducible nitric oxide synthase-selective inhibitor. Carcinogenesis, 20: 641-644.
72. Russo, A., R. Fraser, K. Adachi, M. Horowitz and G. Boeckxstaens, 1999. Evidence that nitric oxide mechanisms regulate small intestinal motility in humans. Gut 44: 72-76
73. Salomone, S., A. Caruso, V.M. Cutuli, N.G. Mangano and A. Prato et al, 2003. Effects of adrenomedullin on the contraction of gastric arteries during reserpine-induced gastric ulcer. Pediatrics, 24: 117-122.
74. Salvemini, D., E. Masini, E. Amggard, P.F. Mannaioni and J. Vane, 1990. Synthesis of a nitric oxide-like factor from L-arginine by rat serosal mast cells: Stimulation of guanylate cyclase and inhibition of platelet aggregation. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 169: 596-601.
75. Salzman, A.L., 1995. Nitric oxide in the gut. New Horiz, 3: 33-45.
76. Schaffer, M.R., P.A. Efron, F.J. Thornton, K. Klinge, S.S. Gross and A. Barbul, 1997. Nitric oxide, an autocrine regulator of wound fibroblast synthetic function. J. Immunol., 158: 2375-2381.
77. Schouten, W.R., J.W. Briel, M.O. Boerma, J.J. Auwerda, E.B. Wilms and B.H. Graatsma, 1996. Pathophysiological aspects and clinical outcome of intraanal application of isosorbide dinitrate in patients with chronic anal fissure. Gut 39: 465-469.
78. Slivka, A., R. Chuttani, D.L. Carr-Locke, L. Kobzik, D.S. Bredt, J. Loscalzo and J.S. Stamler, 1994. Inhibition of sphincter of Oddi function by the nitric oxide carrier S-nitroso-N-acetylcysteine in rabbits and humans. J. Clin Invest, 94: 1792-1798.
79. Stark, M.E. and J.H. Szurszewski, 1992. Role of nitric oxide in gastrointestinal and hepatic function and disease. Gastroenterology, 103: 1928-1949.
80. Sugita, H., T. Ueno, T. Shimosegawa and T. Yoshimura, 2003. Direct detection of nitric oxide and its roles in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity following ethanol-induced injury in rats. Free Radie. Res., 37: 159-169.
81. Tamai, H. and T.S. Gaginella, 1993. Direct evidence for nitric oxide stimulation of electrolyte secretion in the rat colon. Free Radie. Res. Commun., 19: 229-239.
82. Tsuchiya, S., S. Horie and K. Watanabe, 2002. Stimulatory effects of centrally injected nitric oxide donors on gastric cid secretion in anesthetized rats. Jap. J. Pharmacol, 89: 126-132.
83. Umathe, S.N, NI. Kochar, NS. Jain and P.V. Dixit, 2009. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in diabetic rats relates with a decline in tissue L-arginine content and consequent low levels of nitric oxide. Nitric Oxide, 20: 129-133.
84. Vanderwinden, J.M., P. Mailleux, SN. Schiffmann, J.J. Vanderhaeghen and M.H. De-Laet, 1992. Nitric oxide synthase activity in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. N.Engl. J.Med., 327: 511-515.
85. West S.D., K.S. Helmer, L.K. Chang, Y. Cui, G.H. Greeley and D.W. Mercer, 2002. Cholecystokinin secretagogue-induced gastroprotection: Role of nitric oxide and blood flow. Am. J. Physiol, 284: 399-410.
86. Whittle, B.J., J. Lopez-Belmont and S. Moncada, 1990. Regulation of gastric mucosal integrity by endogenous nitric oxide: Interactions with prostanoids and sensory neuropeptides in the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol., 99: 607-611.
87. Whittle, B.J., 1994. Nitric Oxide in Gastrointestinal Physiology and Pathology. In: The Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Johnson, L.R. (Ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp: 267-294.
88. Wilson, K.T., A.B. Vaandrager, J. De-Vente, M.W. Musch, H.R. De-Jonge and E.B. Chang, 1996. Production and localization of cGMP and PGE2 in nitroprusside- stimulated rat colonic ion transport. Am. J. Physiol, 270: 832-840.
89. Wink, D.A., J.A. Cook, S.Y. Kim, Y. Vodovotz and R. Pacelli et al., 1997. Superoxide modulates the oxidation and nitrosation of thiols by nitric oxide-derived reactive intermediates: Chemical aspects involved in the balance between oxidative and nitrosative stress. J. Biol. Chem., 272: 11147-11151.