메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 81, Issue 1 SUPPL.1, 2010, Pages

Part 5: Adult basic life support: 2010 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; CARDIOPULMONARY ARREST; CERVICAL SPINE INJURY; CIRCULATION; COMPRESSION THERAPY; CONSENSUS; EMERGENCY CARE; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; FOREIGN BODY; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LUNG CLEARANCE; OUT OF HOSPITAL CARDIAC ARREST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; RESUSCITATION; SCIENCE; TREATMENT INDICATION; CONFERENCE PAPER; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; HEART ARREST; METHODOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; STANDARD;

EID: 78049475784     PISSN: 03009572     EISSN: 18731570     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.005     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (109)

References (282)
  • 3
    • 17844380263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrest resuscitation evaluation in Los Angeles: CARE-LA
    • Eckstein M, Stratton SJ, Chan LS. Cardiac arrest resuscitation evaluation in Los Angeles: CARE-LA. Ann Emerg Med 2005;45:504-9.
    • (2005) Ann Emerg Med , vol.45 , pp. 504-509
    • Eckstein, M.1    Stratton, S.J.2    Chan, L.S.3
  • 4
    • 34247511150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a physician-staffed emergency medical system according to the Utstein style
    • Estner HL, Gunzel C, Ndrepepa G, et al. Outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a physician-staffed emergency medical system according to the Utstein style. Am Heart J 2007;153:792-9.
    • (2007) Am Heart J , vol.153 , pp. 792-799
    • Estner, H.L.1    Gunzel, C.2    Ndrepepa, G.3
  • 6
    • 66349093085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Garza AG, Gratton MC, Salomone JA, Lindholm D, McElroy J, Archer R. Improved patient survival using a modified resuscitation protocol for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2009;119:2597-605.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 2597-2605
    • Garza, A.G.1    Gratton, M.C.2    Salomone, J.A.3    Lindholm, D.4    McElroy, J.5    Archer, R.6
  • 7
    • 49149120061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with an increase in proportion of emergency crew - witnessed cases and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Hollenberg J, Herlitz J, Lindqvist J, et al. Improved survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is associated with an increase in proportion of emergency crew - witnessed cases and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 2008;118:389-96.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 389-396
    • Hollenberg, J.1    Herlitz, J.2    Lindqvist, J.3
  • 8
    • 37349025808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of bystander-initiated cardiac-only resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Iwami T, Kawamura T, Hiraide A, et al. Effectiveness of bystander-initiated cardiac-only resuscitation for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2007;116:2900-7.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 2900-2907
    • Iwami, T.1    Kawamura, T.2    Hiraide, A.3
  • 9
    • 33747606203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Victoria: rural and urban outcomes
    • Jennings PA, Cameron P, Walker T, Bernard S, Smith K. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Victoria: rural and urban outcomes. Med J Aust 2006;185: 135-9.
    • (2006) Med J Aust , vol.185 , pp. 135-139
    • Jennings, P.A.1    Cameron, P.2    Walker, T.3    Bernard, S.4    Smith, K.5
  • 10
    • 35348832241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presumed futility in paramedic-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an Utstein style analysis in Tampere
    • Kamarainen A, Virkkunen I, Yli-Hankala A, Silfvast T. Presumed futility in paramedic-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an Utstein style analysis in Tampere, Finland. Resuscitation 2007;75:235-43.
    • (2007) Finland. Resuscitation , vol.75 , pp. 235-243
    • Kamarainen, A.1    Virkkunen, I.2    Yli-Hankala, A.3    Silfvast, T.4
  • 11
    • 33845386143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased survival despite a reduction in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation in north-east Italy
    • Kette F, Pellis T. Increased survival despite a reduction in out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation in north-east Italy. Resuscitation 2007;72: 52-8.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.72 , pp. 52-58
    • Kette, F.1    Pellis, T.2
  • 12
    • 33644547675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic and temporal trends in out of hospital sudden cardiac death in Belfast
    • Moore MJ, Glover BM, McCann CJ, et al. Demographic and temporal trends in out of hospital sudden cardiac death in Belfast. Heart 2006;92:311-5.
    • (2006) Heart , vol.92 , pp. 311-315
    • Moore, M.J.1    Glover, B.M.2    McCann, C.J.3
  • 13
    • 52449090787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome
    • Nichol G, Thomas E, Callaway CW, et al. Regional variation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest incidence and outcome. J Am Med Assoc 2008;300: 1423-31.
    • (2008) J Am Med Assoc , vol.300 , pp. 1423-1431
    • Nichol, G.1    Thomas, E.2    Callaway, C.W.3
  • 14
    • 61449182089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of implementation of new resuscitation guidelines on quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival
    • Olasveengen TM, Vik E, Kuzovlev A, Sunde K. Effect of implementation of new resuscitation guidelines on quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival. Resuscitation 2009;80:407-11.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 407-411
    • Olasveengen, T.M.1    Vik, E.2    Kuzovlev, A.3    Sunde, K.4
  • 15
    • 46649098482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of chest compression only and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Singapore
    • Ong ME, Ng FS, Anushia P, et al. Comparison of chest compression only and standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Singapore. Resuscitation 2008;78:119-26.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.78 , pp. 119-126
    • Ong, M.E.1    Ng, F.S.2    Anushia, P.3
  • 16
    • 31344437875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and short-term survival of individuals with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the East Bohemian region
    • Pleskot M, Babu A, Kajzr J, et al. Characteristics and short-term survival of individuals with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests in the East Bohemian region. Resuscitation 2006;68:209-20.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.68 , pp. 209-220
    • Pleskot, M.1    Babu, A.2    Kajzr, J.3
  • 17
    • 31544458688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The changing incidence of ventricular fibrillation in Milwaukee Wisconsin (1992-2002)
    • Polentini MS, Pirrallo RG, McGill W. The changing incidence of ventricular fibrillation in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1992-2002). Prehosp Emerg Care 2006;10:52-60.
    • (2006) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.10 , pp. 52-60
    • Polentini, M.S.1    Pirrallo, R.G.2    McGill, W.3
  • 18
    • 77950868240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Sasson C, Rogers MA, Dahl J, Kellermann AL. Predictors of survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2010;3:63-81.
    • (2010) Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes , vol.3 , pp. 63-81
    • Sasson, C.1    Rogers, M.A.2    Dahl, J.3    Kellermann, A.L.4
  • 19
    • 70349264296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the eastern part of Yamaguchi prefecture
    • Shiraki T, Osawa K, Suzuki H, et al. Incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the eastern part of Yamaguchi prefecture. Int Heart J 2009;50:489-500.
    • (2009) Int Heart J , vol.50 , pp. 489-500
    • Shiraki, T.1    Osawa, K.2    Suzuki, H.3
  • 20
    • 33646718243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital resuscitation in Estonia: a bystander-witnessed sudden cardiac arrest
    • Sipria A, Novak V, Veber A, Popov A, Reinhard V, Slavin G. Out-of-hospital resuscitation in Estonia: a bystander-witnessed sudden cardiac arrest. Eur J Emerg Med 2006;13:14-20.
    • (2006) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 14-20
    • Sipria, A.1    Novak, V.2    Veber, A.3    Popov, A.4    Reinhard, V.5    Slavin, G.6
  • 22
    • 33846794791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of advanced cardiac life support-skilled paramedics on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a statewide emergency medical service
    • Woodall J, McCarthy M, Johnston T, Tippett V, Bonham R. Impact of advanced cardiac life support-skilled paramedics on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a statewide emergency medical service. Emerg Med J 2007;24:134-8.
    • (2007) Emerg Med J , vol.24 , pp. 134-138
    • Woodall, J.1    McCarthy, M.2    Johnston, T.3    Tippett, V.4    Bonham, R.5
  • 23
    • 20444443626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
    • Hillman K, Chen J, Cretikos M, et al. Introduction of the medical emergency team (MET) system: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;365: 2091-7.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 2091-2097
    • Hillman, K.1    Chen, J.2    Cretikos, M.3
  • 25
    • 0031782886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skill mastery in public CPR classes
    • Brennan RT, Braslow A. Skill mastery in public CPR classes. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16:653-7.
    • (1998) Am J Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 653-657
    • Brennan, R.T.1    Braslow, A.2
  • 26
    • 0036251545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trials of teaching methods in basic life support (3): comparison of simulated CPR performance after first training and at 6 months, with a note on the value of re-training
    • Chamberlain D, Smith A, Woollard M, et al. Trials of teaching methods in basic life support (3): comparison of simulated CPR performance after first training and at 6 months, with a note on the value of re-training. Resuscitation 2002;53:179-87.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.53 , pp. 179-187
    • Chamberlain, D.1    Smith, A.2    Woollard, M.3
  • 27
    • 0030453944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checking the carotid pulse check: diagnostic accuracy of first responders in patients with and without a pulse
    • Eberle B, Dick WF, Schneider T, Wisser G, Doetsch S, Tzanova I. Checking the carotid pulse check: diagnostic accuracy of first responders in patients with and without a pulse. Resuscitation 1996;33:107-16.
    • (1996) Resuscitation , vol.33 , pp. 107-116
    • Eberle, B.1    Dick, W.F.2    Schneider, T.3    Wisser, G.4    Doetsch, S.5    Tzanova, I.6
  • 28
    • 3242672496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic cardiac life support providers checking the carotid pulse: performance, degree of conviction, and influencing factors
    • Lapostolle F, Le Toumelin P, Agostinucci JM, Catineau J, Adnet F. Basic cardiac life support providers checking the carotid pulse: performance, degree of conviction, and influencing factors. Acad Emerg Med 2004;11:878-80.
    • (2004) Acad Emerg Med , vol.11 , pp. 878-880
    • Lapostolle, F.1    Le Toumelin, P.2    Agostinucci, J.M.3    Catineau, J.4    Adnet, F.5
  • 29
    • 0032876441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: errors made by pre-hospital emergency medical personnel
    • Liberman M, Lavoie A, Mulder D, Sampalis J. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation: errors made by pre-hospital emergency medical personnel. Resuscitation 1999;42:47-55.
    • (1999) Resuscitation , vol.42 , pp. 47-55
    • Liberman, M.1    Lavoie, A.2    Mulder, D.3    Sampalis, J.4
  • 30
    • 0034025840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checking the carotid pulse: diagnostic accuracy in students of the healthcare professions
    • Moule P. Checking the carotid pulse: diagnostic accuracy in students of the healthcare professions. Resuscitation 2000;44:195-201.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.44 , pp. 195-201
    • Moule, P.1
  • 31
    • 0034307263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills in nurses and nursing students
    • Nyman J, Sihvonen M. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills in nurses and nursing students. Resuscitation 2000;47:179-84.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.47 , pp. 179-184
    • Nyman, J.1    Sihvonen, M.2
  • 32
    • 57749170767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of pulse palpation by healthcare personnel to diagnose paediatric cardiac arrest
    • Tibballs J, Russell P. Reliability of pulse palpation by healthcare personnel to diagnose paediatric cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2009;80:61-4.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 61-64
    • Tibballs, J.1    Russell, P.2
  • 34
    • 19444374117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heartbeat assessment in infants: a comparison of four clinical methods
    • Sarti A, Savron F, Casotto V, Cuttini M. Heartbeat assessment in infants: a comparison of four clinical methods. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;6:212-5.
    • (2005) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.6 , pp. 212-215
    • Sarti, A.1    Savron, F.2    Casotto, V.3    Cuttini, M.4
  • 35
    • 0036222485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a new method for the carotid pulse check in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Graham CA, Lewis NF. Evaluation of a new method for the carotid pulse check in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2002;53:37-40.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.53 , pp. 37-40
    • Graham, C.A.1    Lewis, N.F.2
  • 36
    • 31344451110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sequential and simultaneous breathing and pulse check by healthcare professionals during simulated scenarios
    • Albarran JW, Moule P, Gilchrist M, Soar J. Comparison of sequential and simultaneous breathing and pulse check by healthcare professionals during simulated scenarios. Resuscitation 2006;68:243-9.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.68 , pp. 243-249
    • Albarran, J.W.1    Moule, P.2    Gilchrist, M.3    Soar, J.4
  • 37
    • 77952891700 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of time on the accuracy of healthcare personnel to diagnose paediatric cardiac arrest by pulse palpation
    • Tibballs J, Weeranatna C. The influence of time on the accuracy of healthcare personnel to diagnose paediatric cardiac arrest by pulse palpation. Resuscitation 2010;81:671-5.
    • (2010) Resuscitation , vol.81 , pp. 671-675
    • Tibballs, J.1    Weeranatna, C.2
  • 39
    • 0032704947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Checking for breathing: evaluation of the diagnostic capability of emergency medical services personnel, physicians, medical students, and medical laypersons
    • Ruppert M, Reith MW, Widmann JH, et al. Checking for breathing: evaluation of the diagnostic capability of emergency medical services personnel, physicians, medical students, and medical laypersons. Ann Emerg Med 1999;34: 720-9.
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.34 , pp. 720-729
    • Ruppert, M.1    Reith, M.W.2    Widmann, J.H.3
  • 40
    • 0037221534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction between emergency medical dispatcher and caller in suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls with focus on agonal breathing
    • Bang A, Herlitz J, Martinell S. Interaction between emergency medical dispatcher and caller in suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls with focus on agonal breathing. A review of 100 tape recordings of true cardiac arrest cases. Resuscitation 2003;56:25-34.
    • (2003) A review of 100 tape recordings of true cardiac arrest cases. Resuscitation , vol.56 , pp. 25-34
    • Bang, A.1    Herlitz, J.2    Martinell, S.3
  • 41
    • 34548508187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatcher-assisted telephone-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an underused lifesaving system
    • Bohm K, Rosenqvist M, Hollenberg J, Biber B, Engerstrom L, Svensson L. Dispatcher-assisted telephone-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an underused lifesaving system. Eur J Emerg Med 2007;14:256-9.
    • (2007) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.14 , pp. 256-259
    • Bohm, K.1    Rosenqvist, M.2    Hollenberg, J.3    Biber, B.4    Engerstrom, L.5    Svensson, L.6
  • 42
    • 58149389896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gasping during cardiac arrest in humans is frequent and associated with improved survival
    • Bobrow BJ, Zuercher M, Ewy GA, et al. Gasping during cardiac arrest in humans is frequent and associated with improved survival. Circulation 2008;118:2550-4.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 2550-2554
    • Bobrow, B.J.1    Zuercher, M.2    Ewy, G.A.3
  • 43
    • 34548725012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the effectiveness of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions
    • Vaillancourt C, Verma A, Trickett J, et al. Evaluating the effectiveness of dispatch-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation instructions. Acad Emerg Med 2007;14:877-83.
    • (2007) Acad Emerg Med , vol.14 , pp. 877-883
    • Vaillancourt, C.1    Verma, A.2    Trickett, J.3
  • 44
    • 33747880124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching recognition of agonal breathing improves accuracy of diagnosing cardiac arrest
    • Perkins GD, Walker G, Christensen K, Hulme J, Monsieurs KG. Teaching recognition of agonal breathing improves accuracy of diagnosing cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2006;70:432-7.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.70 , pp. 432-437
    • Perkins, G.D.1    Walker, G.2    Christensen, K.3    Hulme, J.4    Monsieurs, K.G.5
  • 45
    • 54049109207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a Medical Priority Dispatch System key question addition in the seizure/convulsion/fitting protocol to improve recognition of ineffective (agonal) breathing
    • Clawson J, Olola C, Scott G, Heward A, Patterson B. Effect of a Medical Priority Dispatch System key question addition in the seizure/convulsion/fitting protocol to improve recognition of ineffective (agonal) breathing. Resuscitation 2008;79:257-64.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.79 , pp. 257-264
    • Clawson, J.1    Olola, C.2    Scott, G.3    Heward, A.4    Patterson, B.5
  • 47
    • 36048931852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics of cardiac arrest and resuscitation by age group: an analysis from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry
    • Herlitz J, Svensson L, Engdahl J, et al. Characteristics of cardiac arrest and resuscitation by age group: an analysis from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry. Am J Emerg Med 2007;25:1025-31.
    • (2007) Am J Emerg Med , vol.25 , pp. 1025-1031
    • Herlitz, J.1    Svensson, L.2    Engdahl, J.3
  • 48
    • 0037381040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest of noncardiac aetiology
    • Engdahl J, Bang A, Karlson BW, Lindqvist J, Herlitz J. Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from out of hospital cardiac arrest of noncardiac aetiology. Resuscitation 2003;57:33-41.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.57 , pp. 33-41
    • Engdahl, J.1    Bang, A.2    Karlson, B.W.3    Lindqvist, J.4    Herlitz, J.5
  • 49
    • 0030906978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest in south Glamorgan
    • Weston CF, Jones SD, Wilson RJ. Outcome of out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest in south Glamorgan. Resuscitation 1997;34:227-33.
    • (1997) Resuscitation , vol.34 , pp. 227-233
    • Weston, C.F.1    Jones, S.D.2    Wilson, R.J.3
  • 50
    • 33344473581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by coroner's diagnosis
    • Ong ME, Stiell I, Osmond MH, et al. Etiology of pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest by coroner's diagnosis. Resuscitation 2006;68:335-42.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.68 , pp. 335-342
    • Ong, M.E.1    Stiell, I.2    Osmond, M.H.3
  • 51
    • 0030952694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of non-cardiac origin: epidemiology and outcome
    • Kuisma M, Alaspaa A. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of non-cardiac origin: epidemiology and outcome. Eur Heart J 1997;18:1122-8.
    • (1997) Eur Heart J , vol.18 , pp. 1122-1128
    • Kuisma, M.1    Alaspaa, A.2
  • 52
    • 0344110537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy and impact of presumed cause in patients with cardiac arrest
    • Kurkciyan I, Meron G, Behringer W, et al. Accuracy and impact of presumed cause in patients with cardiac arrest. Circulation 1998;98:766-71.
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 766-771
    • Kurkciyan, I.1    Meron, G.2    Behringer, W.3
  • 53
    • 0041953548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interruption of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the use of the automated external defibrillator in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • van Alem AP, Sanou BT, Koster RW. Interruption of cardiopulmonary resuscitation with the use of the automated external defibrillator in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:449-57.
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.42 , pp. 449-457
    • van Alem, A.P.1    Sanou, B.T.2    Koster, R.W.3
  • 54
    • 22844451287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated external defibrillators: to what extent does the algorithm delay CPR?
    • Rea TD, Shah S, Kudenchuk PJ, Copass MK, Cobb LA. Automated external defibrillators: to what extent does the algorithm delay CPR? Ann Emerg Med 2005;46:132-41.
    • (2005) Ann Emerg Med , vol.46 , pp. 132-141
    • Rea, T.D.1    Shah, S.2    Kudenchuk, P.J.3    Copass, M.K.4    Cobb, L.A.5
  • 55
    • 33845909870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation arrest: survival implications of guideline changes
    • Rea TD, Helbock M, Perry S, et al. Increasing use of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation arrest: survival implications of guideline changes. Circulation 2006;114:2760-5.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , pp. 2760-2765
    • Rea, T.D.1    Helbock, M.2    Perry, S.3
  • 56
    • 42949102978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impedance cardiogram recorded through two electrocardiogram/defibrillator pads as a determinant of cardiac arrest during experimental studies
    • Cromie NA, Allen JD, Turner C, Anderson JM, Adgey AA. The impedance cardiogram recorded through two electrocardiogram/defibrillator pads as a determinant of cardiac arrest during experimental studies. Crit Care Med 2008;36:1578-84.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1578-1584
    • Cromie, N.A.1    Allen, J.D.2    Turner, C.3    Anderson, J.M.4    Adgey, A.A.5
  • 57
    • 37349030175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automatic identification of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Risdal M, Aase SO, Kramer-Johansen J, Eftestol T. Automatic identification of return of spontaneous circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2008;55:60-8.
    • (2008) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.55 , pp. 60-68
    • Risdal, M.1    Aase, S.O.2    Kramer-Johansen, J.3    Eftestol, T.4
  • 58
    • 34147102881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thoracic-impedance changes measured via defibrillator pads can monitor signs of circulation
    • Losert H, Risdal M, Sterz F, et al. Thoracic-impedance changes measured via defibrillator pads can monitor signs of circulation. Resuscitation 2007;73:221-8.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.73 , pp. 221-228
    • Losert, H.1    Risdal, M.2    Sterz, F.3
  • 59
    • 0029943804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The palpation of pulses
    • Mather C, O'Kelly S. The palpation of pulses. Anaesthesia 1996;51:189-91.
    • (1996) Anaesthesia , vol.51 , pp. 189-191
    • Mather, C.1    O'Kelly, S.2
  • 60
    • 35348882601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the inter-nipple line the correct hand position for effective chest compression in adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
    • Shin J, Rhee JE, Kim K. Is the inter-nipple line the correct hand position for effective chest compression in adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Resuscitation 2007;75:305-10.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.75 , pp. 305-310
    • Shin, J.1    Rhee, J.E.2    Kim, K.3
  • 61
    • 70249151358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of the inter-nipple line hand position landmark for chest compression
    • Kusunoki S, Tanigawa K, Kondo T, Kawamoto M, Yuge O. Safety of the inter-nipple line hand position landmark for chest compression. Resuscitation 2009;80:1175-80.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 1175-1180
    • Kusunoki, S.1    Tanigawa, K.2    Kondo, T.3    Kawamoto, M.4    Yuge, O.5
  • 62
    • 70350063582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compression of the left ventricular out-flow tract during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Hwang SO, Zhao PG, Choi HJ, et al. Compression of the left ventricular out-flow tract during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 2009;16: 928-33.
    • (2009) Acad Emerg Med , vol.16 , pp. 928-933
    • Hwang, S.O.1    Zhao, P.G.2    Choi, H.J.3
  • 63
    • 0034081698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support 1. Skill acquisition at bronze stage
    • Assar D, Chamberlain D, Colquhoun M, et al. Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support. 1. Skill acquisition at bronze stage. Resuscitation 2000;45:7-15.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.45 , pp. 7-15
    • Assar, D.1    Chamberlain, D.2    Colquhoun, M.3
  • 64
    • 0034908336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support 2. Comparison of CPR performance and skill retention using either staged instruction or conventional training
    • Chamberlain D, Smith A, Colquhoun M, Handley AJ, Kern KB, Woollard M. Randomised controlled trials of staged teaching for basic life support. 2. Comparison of CPR performance and skill retention using either staged instruction or conventional training. Resuscitation 2001;50:27-37.
    • (2001) Resuscitation , vol.50 , pp. 27-37
    • Chamberlain, D.1    Smith, A.2    Colquhoun, M.3    Handley, A.J.4    Kern, K.B.5    Woollard, M.6
  • 65
    • 0036222738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Teaching hand placement for chest compression - a simpler technique
    • Handley AJ. Teaching hand placement for chest compression - a simpler technique. Resuscitation 2002;53:29-36.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.53 , pp. 29-36
    • Handley, A.J.1
  • 66
    • 1842687965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trials of teaching methods in basic life support (4): comparison of simulated CPR performance at unannounced home testing after conventional or staged training
    • Smith A, Colquhoun M, Woollard M, Handley AJ, Kern KB, Chamberlain D. Trials of teaching methods in basic life support (4): comparison of simulated CPR performance at unannounced home testing after conventional or staged training. Resuscitation 2004;61:41-7.
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.61 , pp. 41-47
    • Smith, A.1    Colquhoun, M.2    Woollard, M.3    Handley, A.J.4    Kern, K.B.5    Chamberlain, D.6
  • 67
    • 0142090690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To blow or not to blow: a randomised controlled trial of compression-only and standard telephone CPR instructions in simulated cardiac arrest
    • Woollard M, Smith A, Whitfield R, et al. To blow or not to blow: a randomised controlled trial of compression-only and standard telephone CPR instructions in simulated cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2003;59:123-31.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.59 , pp. 123-131
    • Woollard, M.1    Smith, A.2    Whitfield, R.3
  • 68
    • 0034160152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finger position for chest compressions in cardiac arrest in infants
    • Clements F, McGowan J. Finger position for chest compressions in cardiac arrest in infants. Resuscitation 2000;44:43-6.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.44 , pp. 43-46
    • Clements, F.1    McGowan, J.2
  • 69
    • 13444274527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are suboptimal: a prospective study during in-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Abella BS, Sandbo N, Vassilatos P, et al. Chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are suboptimal: a prospective study during in-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2005;111:428-34.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.111 , pp. 428-434
    • Abella, B.S.1    Sandbo, N.2    Vassilatos, P.3
  • 70
    • 70349673319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest compression fraction determines survival in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation
    • Christenson J, Andrusiek D, Everson-Stewart S, et al. Chest compression fraction determines survival in patients with out-of-hospital ventricular fibrillation. Circulation 2009;120:1241-7.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.120 , pp. 1241-1247
    • Christenson, J.1    Andrusiek, D.2    Everson-Stewart, S.3
  • 71
    • 12244267087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Abella BS, Alvarado JP, Myklebust H, et al. Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Med Assoc 2005;293:305-10.
    • (2005) J Am Med Assoc , vol.293 , pp. 305-310
    • Abella, B.S.1    Alvarado, J.P.2    Myklebust, H.3
  • 72
    • 34848914317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A failed attempt to improve quality of out-of-hospital CPR through performance evaluation
    • Olasveengen TM, Tomlinson AE, Wik L, et al. A failed attempt to improve quality of out-of-hospital CPR through performance evaluation. Prehosp Emerg Care 2007;11:427-33.
    • (2007) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.11 , pp. 427-433
    • Olasveengen, T.M.1    Tomlinson, A.E.2    Wik, L.3
  • 73
    • 12244295495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Wik L, Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, et al. Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Med Assoc 2005;293:299-304.
    • (2005) J Am Med Assoc , vol.293 , pp. 299-304
    • Wik, L.1    Kramer-Johansen, J.2    Myklebust, H.3
  • 74
    • 33750173272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest
    • Edelson DP, Abella BS, Kramer-Johansen J, et al. Effects of compression depth and pre-shock pauses predict defibrillation failure during cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2006;71:137-45.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.71 , pp. 137-145
    • Edelson, D.P.1    Abella, B.S.2    Kramer-Johansen, J.3
  • 75
    • 33751254313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with real time automated feedback: a prospective interventional study
    • Kramer-Johansen J, Myklebust H, Wik L, et al. Quality of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation with real time automated feedback: a prospective interventional study. Resuscitation 2006;71:283-92.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.71 , pp. 283-292
    • Kramer-Johansen, J.1    Myklebust, H.2    Wik, L.3
  • 76
    • 44349178712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing
    • Edelson DP, Litzinger B, Arora V, et al. Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:1063-9.
    • (2008) Arch Intern Med , vol.168 , pp. 1063-1069
    • Edelson, D.P.1    Litzinger, B.2    Arora, V.3
  • 77
    • 43549090147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new paradigm for human resuscitation research using intelligent devices
    • Babbs CF, Kemeny AE, Quan W, Freeman G. A new paradigm for human resuscitation research using intelligent devices. Resuscitation 2008;77:306-15.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.77 , pp. 306-315
    • Babbs, C.F.1    Kemeny, A.E.2    Quan, W.3    Freeman, G.4
  • 78
    • 37549012158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiogram waveforms for monitoring effectiveness of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Li Y, Ristagno G, Bisera J, Tang W, Deng Q, Weil MH. Electrocardiogram waveforms for monitoring effectiveness of chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2008;36:211-5.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 211-215
    • Li, Y.1    Ristagno, G.2    Bisera, J.3    Tang, W.4    Deng, Q.5    Weil, M.H.6
  • 79
    • 34447499142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation overrides importance of timing of defibrillation
    • Ristagno G, Tang W, Chang YT, et al. The quality of chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation overrides importance of timing of defibrillation. Chest 2007;132:70-5.
    • (2007) Chest , vol.132 , pp. 70-75
    • Ristagno, G.1    Tang, W.2    Chang, Y.T.3
  • 80
    • 68349107001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of 2 types of chest compressions in a porcine model of cardiac arrest
    • Wu JY, Li CS, Liu ZX, Wu CJ, Zhang GC. A comparison of 2 types of chest compressions in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Am J Emerg Med 2009;27:823-9.
    • (2009) Am J Emerg Med , vol.27 , pp. 823-829
    • Wu, J.Y.1    Li, C.S.2    Liu, Z.X.3    Wu, C.J.4    Zhang, G.C.5
  • 81
    • 0024395115 scopus 로고
    • The effect of applied chest compression force on systemic arterial pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration during CPR in human beings
    • Ornato JP, Levine RL, Young DS, Racht EM, Garnett AR, Gonzalez ER. The effect of applied chest compression force on systemic arterial pressure and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration during CPR in human beings. Ann Emerg Med 1989;18:732-7.
    • (1989) Ann Emerg Med , vol.18 , pp. 732-737
    • Ornato, J.P.1    Levine, R.L.2    Young, D.S.3    Racht, E.M.4    Garnett, A.R.5    Gonzalez, E.R.6
  • 83
    • 20044364340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete chest wall decompression: a clinical evaluation of CPR performance by EMS personnel and assessment of alternative manual chest compression-decompression techniques
    • Aufderheide TP, Pirrallo RG, Yannopoulos D, et al. Incomplete chest wall decompression: a clinical evaluation of CPR performance by EMS personnel and assessment of alternative manual chest compression-decompression techniques. Resuscitation 2005;64:353-62.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.64 , pp. 353-362
    • Aufderheide, T.P.1    Pirrallo, R.G.2    Yannopoulos, D.3
  • 84
    • 67749099482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of CPR quality during in-hospital resuscitation of older children and adolescents
    • Sutton RM, Niles D, Nysaether J, et al. Quantitative analysis of CPR quality during in-hospital resuscitation of older children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2009;124:494-9.
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.124 , pp. 494-499
    • Sutton, R.M.1    Niles, D.2    Nysaether, J.3
  • 85
    • 70350125542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of chest compression interruptions during in-hospital resuscitation of older children and adolescents
    • Sutton RM, Maltese MR, Niles D, et al. Quantitative analysis of chest compression interruptions during in-hospital resuscitation of older children and adolescents. Resuscitation 2009;80:1259-63.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 1259-1263
    • Sutton, R.M.1    Maltese, M.R.2    Niles, D.3
  • 86
    • 67349108319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaning is common during in-hospital pediatric CPR, and decreased with automated corrective feedback
    • Niles D, Nysaether J, Sutton R, et al. Leaning is common during in-hospital pediatric CPR, and decreased with automated corrective feedback. Resuscitation 2009;80:553-7.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 553-557
    • Niles, D.1    Nysaether, J.2    Sutton, R.3
  • 87
    • 14544292896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of incomplete chest wall decompression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures in a porcine model of cardiac arrest
    • Yannopoulos D, McKnite S, Aufderheide TP, et al. Effects of incomplete chest wall decompression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation on coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2005;64:363-72.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.64 , pp. 363-372
    • Yannopoulos, D.1    McKnite, S.2    Aufderheide, T.P.3
  • 88
    • 77950288367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leaning during chest compressions impairs cardiaco utput and left ventricular myocardial blood flow in piglet cardiac arrest
    • Zuercher M, Hilwig RW, Ranger-Moore J, et al. Leaning during chest compressions impairs cardiaco utput and left ventricular myocardial blood flow in piglet cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 2010;38:1141-6.
    • (2010) Crit Care Med , vol.38 , pp. 1141-1146
    • Zuercher, M.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Ranger-Moore, J.3
  • 89
    • 33751229856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incomplete chest wall decompression: a clinical evaluation of CPR performance by trained laypersons and an assessment of alternative manual chest compression-decompression techniques
    • Aufderheide TP, Pirrallo RG, Yannopoulos D, et al. Incomplete chest wall decompression: a clinical evaluation of CPR performance by trained laypersons and an assessment of alternative manual chest compression-decompression techniques. Resuscitation 2006;71:341-51.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.71 , pp. 341-351
    • Aufderheide, T.P.1    Pirrallo, R.G.2    Yannopoulos, D.3
  • 90
    • 67349185558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of mattress deflection on CPR quality assessment for older children and adolescents
    • Nishisaki A, Nysaether J, Sutton R, et al. Effect of mattress deflection on CPR quality assessment for older children and adolescents. Resuscitation 2009;80:540-5.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 540-545
    • Nishisaki, A.1    Nysaether, J.2    Sutton, R.3
  • 91
    • 36849073709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of rescuer position on the kinematics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the force of delivered compressions
    • Chi CH, Tsou JY, Su FC. Effects of rescuer position on the kinematics of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the force of delivered compressions. Resuscitation 2008;76:69-75.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.76 , pp. 69-75
    • Chi, C.H.1    Tsou, J.Y.2    Su, F.C.3
  • 93
    • 0348225199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do different mattresses affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation?
    • Perkins GD, Benny R, Giles S, Gao F, Tweed MJ. Do different mattresses affect the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation? Intensive Care Med 2003;29:2330-5.
    • (2003) Intensive Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 2330-2335
    • Perkins, G.D.1    Benny, R.2    Giles, S.3    Gao, F.4    Tweed, M.J.5
  • 94
    • 57649240448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compression feed-back devices over estimate chest compression depth when performed on a bed
    • Perkins GD, Kocierz L, Smith SC, McCulloch RA, Davies RP. Compression feed-back devices over estimate chest compression depth when performed on a bed. Resuscitation 2009;80:79-82.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 79-82
    • Perkins, G.D.1    Kocierz, L.2    Smith, S.C.3    McCulloch, R.A.4    Davies, R.P.5
  • 95
    • 11144332045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CPREzy: an evaluation during simulated cardiac arrest on a hospital bed
    • Perkins GD, Augre C, Rogers H, Allan M, Thickett DR. CPREzy: an evaluation during simulated cardiac arrest on a hospital bed. Resuscitation 2005;64:103-8.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.64 , pp. 103-108
    • Perkins, G.D.1    Augre, C.2    Rogers, H.3    Allan, M.4    Thickett, D.R.5
  • 96
    • 34250338449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing compression depth during manikin CPR using a simple backboard
    • Andersen LO, Isbye DL, Rasmussen LS. Increasing compression depth during manikin CPR using a simple backboard. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51:747-50.
    • (2007) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.51 , pp. 747-750
    • Andersen, L.O.1    Isbye, D.L.2    Rasmussen, L.S.3
  • 97
    • 33749251321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a backboard, bed height, and operator position on compression depth during simulated resuscitation
    • Perkins GD, Smith CM, Augre C, et al. Effects of a backboard, bed height, and operator position on compression depth during simulated resuscitation. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:1632-5.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 1632-1635
    • Perkins, G.D.1    Smith, C.M.2    Augre, C.3
  • 98
    • 65949103644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and development of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation mattress
    • Delvaux AB, Trombley MT, Rivet CJ, et al. Design and development of a cardiopulmonary resuscitation mattress. J Intensive Care Med 2009;24:195-9.
    • (2009) J Intensive Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 195-199
    • Delvaux, A.B.1    Trombley, M.T.2    Rivet, C.J.3
  • 99
    • 0027248415 scopus 로고
    • Quality and efficiency of bystander CPR Belgian Cerebral Resuscitation Study Group
    • Van Hoeyweghen RJ, Bossaert LL, Mullie A, et al. Quality and efficiency of bystander CPR. Belgian Cerebral Resuscitation Study Group. Resuscitation 1993;26:47-52.
    • (1993) Resuscitation , vol.26 , pp. 47-52
    • Van Hoeyweghen, R.J.1    Bossaert, L.L.2    Mullie, A.3
  • 100
    • 24644452986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interruptions of chest compressions during emergency medical systems resuscitation
    • Valenzuela TD, Kern KB, Clark LL, et al. Interruptions of chest compressions during emergency medical systems resuscitation. Circulation 2005;112:1259-65.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , pp. 1259-1265
    • Valenzuela, T.D.1    Kern, K.B.2    Clark, L.L.3
  • 101
    • 11144354509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperventilationinduced hypotension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Aufderheide TP, Sigurdsson G, Pirrallo RG, et al. Hyperventilationinduced hypotension during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 2004;109:1960-5.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1960-1965
    • Aufderheide, T.P.1    Sigurdsson, G.2    Pirrallo, R.G.3
  • 102
    • 20044371802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Better adherence to the guidelines during cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the provision of audio-prompts
    • Chiang WC, Chen WJ, Chen SY, et al. Better adherence to the guidelines during cardiopulmonary resuscitation through the provision of audio-prompts. Resuscitation 2005;64:297-301.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.64 , pp. 297-301
    • Chiang, W.C.1    Chen, W.J.2    Chen, S.Y.3
  • 103
    • 0026599640 scopus 로고
    • A study of chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions
    • Kern KB, Sanders AB, Raife J, Milander MM, Otto CW, Ewy GA. A study of chest compression rates during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans: the importance of rate-directed chest compressions. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:145-9.
    • (1992) Arch Intern Med , vol.152 , pp. 145-149
    • Kern, K.B.1    Sanders, A.B.2    Raife, J.3    Milander, M.M.4    Otto, C.W.5    Ewy, G.A.6
  • 104
    • 0028367041 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of audio-prompted rate guidance in improving resuscitator performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on children
    • Berg RA, Sanders AB, Milander M, Tellez D, Liu P, Beyda D. Efficacy of audio-prompted rate guidance in improving resuscitator performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on children. Acad Emerg Med 1994;1:35-40.
    • (1994) Acad Emerg Med , vol.1 , pp. 35-40
    • Berg, R.A.1    Sanders, A.B.2    Milander, M.3    Tellez, D.4    Liu, P.5    Beyda, D.6
  • 105
    • 33847383005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CPR quality improvement during in-hospital cardiac arrest using a real-time audiovisual feedback system
    • Abella BS, Edelson DP, Kim S, et al. CPR quality improvement during in-hospital cardiac arrest using a real-time audiovisual feedback system. Resuscitation 2007;73:54-61.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.73 , pp. 54-61
    • Abella, B.S.1    Edelson, D.P.2    Kim, S.3
  • 107
    • 0025388876 scopus 로고
    • System for mechanical measurements during ardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans
    • Gruben KG, Romlein J, Halperin HR, Tsitlik JE. System for mechanical measurements during ardiopulmonary resuscitation in humans. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1990;37:204-10.
    • (1990) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.37 , pp. 204-210
    • Gruben, K.G.1    Romlein, J.2    Halperin, H.R.3    Tsitlik, J.E.4
  • 108
    • 36448937826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impedance-based ventilation detection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Risdal M, Aase SO, Stavland M, Eftestol T. Impedance-based ventilation detection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2007;54:2237-45.
    • (2007) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.54 , pp. 2237-2245
    • Risdal, M.1    Aase, S.O.2    Stavland, M.3    Eftestol, T.4
  • 109
    • 34250351440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misplaced and dislodged endotracheal tubes may be detected by the defibrillator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Pytte M, Olasveengen TM, Steen PA, Sunde K. Misplaced and dislodged endotracheal tubes may be detected by the defibrillator during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2007;51:770-2.
    • (2007) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.51 , pp. 770-772
    • Pytte, M.1    Olasveengen, T.M.2    Steen, P.A.3    Sunde, K.4
  • 110
    • 77951932987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capnography and chest-wall impedance algorithms for ventilation detection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Edelson DP, Eilevstjonn J, Weidman EK, Retzer E, Hoek TL, Abella BS. Capnography and chest-wall impedance algorithms for ventilation detection during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2010;81:317-22.
    • (2010) Resuscitation , vol.81 , pp. 317-322
    • Edelson, D.P.1    Eilevstjonn, J.2    Weidman, E.K.3    Retzer, E.4    Hoek, T.L.5    Abella, B.S.6
  • 111
    • 0017305749 scopus 로고
    • Cough-induced cardiac compression: self-administered from of cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Criley JM, Blaufuss AH, Kissel GL. Cough-induced cardiac compression: self-administered from of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Am Med Assoc 1976;236:1246-50.
    • (1976) J Am Med Assoc , vol.236 , pp. 1246-1250
    • Criley, J.M.1    Blaufuss, A.H.2    Kissel, G.L.3
  • 112
    • 33749616359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images in cardiovascular medicine Cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation revisited
    • Girsky MJ, Criley JM. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation revisited. Circulation 2006;114:e530-1.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114
    • Girsky, M.J.1    Criley, J.M.2
  • 113
    • 48749107647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Triggering of the Bezold Jarisch Reflex by reperfusion during primary PCI with maintenance of consciousness by cough CPR: a case report and review of pathophysiology
    • Keeble W, Tymchak WJ. Triggering of the Bezold Jarisch Reflex by reperfusion during primary PCI with maintenance of consciousness by cough CPR: a case report and review of pathophysiology. J Invasive Cardiol 2008;20:E239-42.
    • (2008) J Invasive Cardiol , vol.20
    • Keeble, W.1    Tymchak, W.J.2
  • 114
    • 0024343782 scopus 로고
    • Cough-cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: hemodynamics during an episode of prolonged hypotensive ventricular tachycardia
    • Miller B, Lesnefsky E, Heyborne T, et al. Cough-cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: hemodynamics during an episode of prolonged hypotensive ventricular tachycardia. Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn 1989;18:168-71.
    • (1989) Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn , vol.18 , pp. 168-171
    • Miller, B.1    Lesnefsky, E.2    Heyborne, T.3
  • 115
    • 0031604037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-administered cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation (c-CPR) in patients threatened by MAS events of cardiovascular origin
    • Petelenz T, Iwinski J, Chlebowczyk J, et al. Self-administered cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation (c-CPR) in patients threatened by MAS events of cardiovascular origin. Wiad Lek 1998;51:326-36.
    • (1998) Wiad Lek , vol.51 , pp. 326-336
    • Petelenz, T.1    Iwinski, J.2    Chlebowczyk, J.3
  • 116
    • 0026777658 scopus 로고
    • The use of cough-CPR in patients with acute myocardial infarction
    • Rieser MJ. The use of cough-CPR in patients with acute myocardial infarction. J Emerg Med 1992;10:291-3.
    • (1992) J Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 291-293
    • Rieser, M.J.1
  • 117
    • 0030028307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained consciousness during ventricular fibrillation: case report of cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Saba SE, David SW. Sustained consciousness during ventricular fibrillation: case report of cough cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn 1996;37:47-8.
    • (1996) Catheter Cardiovasc Diagn , vol.37 , pp. 47-48
    • Saba, S.E.1    David, S.W.2
  • 118
    • 0018899638 scopus 로고
    • Cough-facilitated conversion of ventricular tachycardia
    • Wei JY, Greene HL, Weisfeldt ML. Cough-facilitated conversion of ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 1980;45:174-6.
    • (1980) Am J Cardiol , vol.45 , pp. 174-176
    • Wei, J.Y.1    Greene, H.L.2    Weisfeldt, M.L.3
  • 119
    • 57649170002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of pre-cordial thump for treatment of out of hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective study
    • Pellis T, Kette F, Lovisa D, et al. Utility of pre-cordial thump for treatment of out of hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective study. Resuscitation 2009;80:17-23.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 17-23
    • Pellis, T.1    Kette, F.2    Lovisa, D.3
  • 120
    • 33847360508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ineffectiveness of precordial thump for cardioversion of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias
    • Amir O, Schliamser JE, Nemer S, Arie M. Ineffectiveness of precordial thump for cardioversion of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007;30:153-6.
    • (2007) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.30 , pp. 153-156
    • Amir, O.1    Schliamser, J.E.2    Nemer, S.3    Arie, M.4
  • 121
    • 0025252505 scopus 로고
    • Terminating ventricular tachycardias by mechanical heart stimulation with precordial thumps
    • Volkmann H, Klumbies A, Kuhnert H, Paliege R, Dannberg G, Siegert K. Terminating ventricular tachycardias by mechanical heart stimulation with precordial thumps. Z Kardiol 1990;79:717-24.
    • (1990) Z Kardiol , vol.79 , pp. 717-724
    • Volkmann, H.1    Klumbies, A.2    Kuhnert, H.3    Paliege, R.4    Dannberg, G.5    Siegert, K.6
  • 122
    • 0021934272 scopus 로고
    • Simple mechanical methods for cardioversion: defence of the precordial thump and cough version
    • Caldwell G, Millar G, Quinn E, Vincent R, Chamberlain DA. Simple mechanical methods for cardioversion: defence of the precordial thump and cough version. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985;291:627-30.
    • (1985) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.291 , pp. 627-630
    • Caldwell, G.1    Millar, G.2    Quinn, E.3    Vincent, R.4    Chamberlain, D.A.5
  • 124
    • 57649183888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precordial thump efficacy in termination of induced ventricular arrhythmias
    • Haman L, Parizek P, Vojacek J. Precordial thump efficacy in termination of induced ventricular arrhythmias. Resuscitation 2009;80:14-6.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 14-16
    • Haman, L.1    Parizek, P.2    Vojacek, J.3
  • 125
    • 0022398041 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiology studies: precordial thumping patients paced into ventricular tachycardia
    • Miller J, Addas A, Akhtar M. Electrophysiology studies: precordial thumping patients paced into ventricular tachycardia. J Emerg Med 1985;3:175-9.
    • (1985) J Emerg Med , vol.3 , pp. 175-179
    • Miller, J.1    Addas, A.2    Akhtar, M.3
  • 127
    • 85044685722 scopus 로고
    • Clinical features and treatment of ventricular tachycardia associated with acute myocardial infarction
    • Nejima J. Clinical features and treatment of ventricular tachycardia associated with acute myocardial infarction. Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi 1991;58:40-9.
    • (1991) Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi , vol.58 , pp. 40-49
    • Nejima, J.1
  • 128
    • 0018184815 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical stimulation of the heart: its therapeutic value in tachyarrhythmias
    • Befeler B. Mechanical stimulation of the heart: its therapeutic value in tachyarrhythmias. Chest 1978;73:832-8.
    • (1978) Chest , vol.73 , pp. 832-838
    • Befeler, B.1
  • 129
    • 0019143312 scopus 로고
    • Precordial thump in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (electrophysiologic considerations)
    • Cotol S, Moldovan D, Carasca E. Precordial thump in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (electrophysiologic considerations). Physiologie 1980;17: 285-8.
    • (1980) Physiologie , vol.17 , pp. 285-288
    • Cotol, S.1    Moldovan, D.2    Carasca, E.3
  • 130
    • 0026792760 scopus 로고
    • Complications of chest thump for termination of supraventricular tachycardia in children
    • Muller GI, Ulmer HE, Bauer JA. Complications of chest thump for termination of supraventricular tachycardia in children. Eur J Pediatr 1992;151:12-4.
    • (1992) Eur J Pediatr , vol.151 , pp. 12-14
    • Muller, G.I.1    Ulmer, H.E.2    Bauer, J.A.3
  • 131
    • 35748937318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sternal fracture and osteomyelitis: an unusual complication of a precordial thump
    • Ahmar W, Morley P, Marasco S, Chan W, Aggarwal A. Sternal fracture and osteomyelitis: an unusual complication of a precordial thump. Resuscitation 2007;75:540-2.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.75 , pp. 540-542
    • Ahmar, W.1    Morley, P.2    Marasco, S.3    Chan, W.4    Aggarwal, A.5
  • 132
    • 0036157411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of three emergency pacing modalities on cardiac output in cardiac arrest due to ventricular asystole
    • Chan L, Reid C, Taylor B. Effect of three emergency pacing modalities on cardiac output in cardiac arrest due to ventricular asystole. Resuscitation 2002;52:117-9.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.52 , pp. 117-119
    • Chan, L.1    Reid, C.2    Taylor, B.3
  • 133
    • 0029950021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular standstill and cardiac percussion
    • Dowdle JR. Ventricular standstill and cardiac percussion. Resuscitation 1996;32:31-2.
    • (1996) Resuscitation , vol.32 , pp. 31-32
    • Dowdle, J.R.1
  • 134
    • 34248209491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percussion pacing - an almost forgotten procedure for haemodynamically unstable bradycardias? A report of three case studies and review of the literature
    • Eich C, Bleckmann A, Schwarz SK. Percussion pacing - an almost forgotten procedure for haemodynamically unstable bradycardias? A report of three case studies and review of the literature. Br J Anaesth 2007;98:429-33.
    • (2007) Br J Anaesth , vol.98 , pp. 429-433
    • Eich, C.1    Bleckmann, A.2    Schwarz, S.K.3
  • 135
    • 26444540412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percussion pacing in a three-year-old girl with complete heart block during cardiac catheterization
    • Eich C, Bleckmann A, Paul T. Percussion pacing in a three-year-old girl with complete heart block during cardiac catheterization. Br J Anaesth 2005;95:465-7.
    • (2005) Br J Anaesth , vol.95 , pp. 465-467
    • Eich, C.1    Bleckmann, A.2    Paul, T.3
  • 136
    • 0023356731 scopus 로고
    • Fist pacing, a forgotten procedure in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest
    • Iseri LT, Allen BJ, Baron K, Brodsky MA. Fist pacing, a forgotten procedure in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest. Am Heart J 1987;113:1545-50.
    • (1987) Am Heart J , vol.113 , pp. 1545-1550
    • Iseri, L.T.1    Allen, B.J.2    Baron, K.3    Brodsky, M.A.4
  • 137
    • 0028872159 scopus 로고
    • Manual external (fist) pacing during high-degree atrioventricular block: a lifesaving intervention
    • Tucker KJ, Shaburihvili TS, Gedevanishvili AT. Manual external (fist) pacing during high-degree atrioventricular block: a lifesaving intervention. Am J Emerg Med 1995;13:53-4.
    • (1995) Am J Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 53-54
    • Tucker, K.J.1    Shaburihvili, T.S.2    Gedevanishvili, A.T.3
  • 138
    • 0017808227 scopus 로고
    • The manual extrathoracal stimulation of the heart Technique and effect of the precordial thump (author's transl)
    • Zeh E, Rahner E. The manual extrathoracal stimulation of the heart. Technique and effect of the precordial thump (author's transl). Z Kardiol 1978;67:299-304.
    • (1978) Z Kardiol , vol.67 , pp. 299-304
    • Zeh, E.1    Rahner, E.2
  • 140
    • 57649103107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopic view change of laryngopharyngeal tissues by different airway supporting techniques: comparison of patients with and without open mouth limitation
    • Cheng KI, Yun MK, Chang MC, et al. Fiberoptic bronchoscopic view change of laryngopharyngeal tissues by different airway supporting techniques: comparison of patients with and without open mouth limitation. J Clin Anesth 2008;20:573-9.
    • (2008) J Clin Anesth , vol.20 , pp. 573-579
    • Cheng, K.I.1    Yun, M.K.2    Chang, M.C.3
  • 141
    • 0017112065 scopus 로고
    • Resuscitation - opening the airway A comparative study of techniques for opening an airway obstructed by the tongue
    • Guildner CW. Resuscitation - opening the airway. A comparative study of techniques for opening an airway obstructed by the tongue. JACEP 1976;5:588-90.
    • (1976) JACEP , vol.5 , pp. 588-590
    • Guildner, C.W.1
  • 142
    • 0000328576 scopus 로고
    • Upper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient
    • Safar P, Escarraga LA, Chang F. Upper airway obstruction in the unconscious patient. J Appl Physiol 1959;14:760-4.
    • (1959) J Appl Physiol , vol.14 , pp. 760-764
    • Safar, P.1    Escarraga, L.A.2    Chang, F.3
  • 143
    • 0040391298 scopus 로고
    • Cinefluorographic study of hyperextension of the neck and upper airway patency
    • Greene DG, Elam JO, Dobkin AB, Studley CL. Cinefluorographic study of hyperextension of the neck and upper airway patency. J Am Med Assoc 1961;176:570-3.
    • (1961) J Am Med Assoc , vol.176 , pp. 570-573
    • Greene, D.G.1    Elam, J.O.2    Dobkin, A.B.3    Studley, C.L.4
  • 144
    • 0000500307 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the headjaw position upon upper airway patency
    • Morikawa S, Safar P, Decarlo J. Influence of the headjaw position upon upper airway patency. Anesthesiology 1961;22:265-70.
    • (1961) Anesthesiology , vol.22 , pp. 265-270
    • Morikawa, S.1    Safar, P.2    Decarlo, J.3
  • 145
    • 0001557389 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation 1. Studies of pharyngeal X-rays and performance by laymen
    • Ruben HM, Elam JO, Ruben AM, Greene DG. Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation. 1. Studies of pharyngeal X-rays and performance by laymen. Anesthesiology 1961;22:271-9.
    • (1961) Anesthesiology , vol.22 , pp. 271-279
    • Ruben, H.M.1    Elam, J.O.2    Ruben, A.M.3    Greene, D.G.4
  • 146
    • 0036179495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of chin lift, jaw thrust, and continuous positive airway pressure on the size of the glottic opening and on stridor score in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing children
    • [table of contents]
    • Meier S, Geiduschek J, Paganoni R, Fuehrmeyer F, Reber A. The effect of chin lift, jaw thrust, and continuous positive airway pressure on the size of the glottic opening and on stridor score in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing children. Anesth Analg 2002;94:494-9 [table of contents].
    • (2002) Anesth Analg , vol.94 , pp. 494-499
    • Meier, S.1    Geiduschek, J.2    Paganoni, R.3    Fuehrmeyer, F.4    Reber, A.5
  • 147
    • 0032983499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of combined mouth closure and chin lift on upper airway dimensions during routine magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients sedated with propofol
    • Reber A, Wetzel SG, Schnabel K, Bongartz G, Frei FJ. Effect of combined mouth closure and chin lift on upper airway dimensions during routine magnetic resonance imaging in pediatric patients sedated with propofol. Anesthesiology 1999;90:1617-23.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 1617-1623
    • Reber, A.1    Wetzel, S.G.2    Schnabel, K.3    Bongartz, G.4    Frei, F.J.5
  • 148
    • 0038650840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of common airway maneuvers on airway pressure and flow in children undergoing adenoidectomies
    • [table of contents]
    • Bruppacher H, Reber A, Keller JP, Geiduschek J, Erb TO, Frei FJ. The effects of common airway maneuvers on airway pressure and flow in children undergoing adenoidectomies. Anesth Analg 2003;97:29-34 [table of contents].
    • (2003) Anesth Analg , vol.97 , pp. 29-34
    • Bruppacher, H.1    Reber, A.2    Keller, J.P.3    Geiduschek, J.4    Erb, T.O.5    Frei, F.J.6
  • 149
    • 0034891252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of airway opening manoeuvres on thoraco-abdominal asynchrony in anaesthetized children
    • Reber A, Bobbia SA, Hammer J, Frei FJ. Effect of airway opening manoeuvres on thoraco-abdominal asynchrony in anaesthetized children. Eur Respir J 2001;17:1239-43.
    • (2001) Eur Respir J , vol.17 , pp. 1239-1243
    • Reber, A.1    Bobbia, S.A.2    Hammer, J.3    Frei, F.J.4
  • 150
    • 0035142281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of common airway manoeuvres on upper airway dimensions and clinical signs in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing children
    • Reber A, Paganoni R, Frei FJ. Effect of common airway manoeuvres on upper airway dimensions and clinical signs in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing children. Br J Anaesth 2001;86:217-22.
    • (2001) Br J Anaesth , vol.86 , pp. 217-222
    • Reber, A.1    Paganoni, R.2    Frei, F.J.3
  • 152
    • 0034966079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of jaw-thrust and continuous positive airway pressure on tidal breathing in deeply sedated infants
    • Hammer J, Reber A, Trachsel D, Frei FJ. Effect of jaw-thrust and continuous positive airway pressure on tidal breathing in deeply sedated infants. J Pediatr 2001;138:826-30.
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.138 , pp. 826-830
    • Hammer, J.1    Reber, A.2    Trachsel, D.3    Frei, F.J.4
  • 155
    • 0028964382 scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal trauma as a result of blind finger sweeps in the choking child
    • Hartrey R, Bingham RM. Pharyngeal trauma as a result of blind finger sweeps in the choking child. J Accid Emerg Med 1995;12:52-4.
    • (1995) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 52-54
    • Hartrey, R.1    Bingham, R.M.2
  • 156
    • 0029099073 scopus 로고
    • Traumatic epiglottis following blind finger sweep to remove a pharyngeal foreign body
    • Kabbani M, Goodwin SR. Traumatic epiglottis following blind finger sweep to remove a pharyngeal foreign body. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1995;34:495-7.
    • (1995) Clin Pediatr (Phila) , vol.34 , pp. 495-497
    • Kabbani, M.1    Goodwin, S.R.2
  • 157
    • 70350082223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive oxygen insufflation is superior to bagvalve-mask ventilation for witnessed ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Bobrow BJ, Ewy GA, Clark L, et al. Passive oxygen insufflation is superior to bagvalve-mask ventilation for witnessed ventricular fibrillation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 2009;54:656-62e1.
    • (2009) Ann Emerg Med , vol.54
    • Bobrow, B.J.1    Ewy, G.A.2    Clark, L.3
  • 158
    • 40749151501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Bobrow BJ, Clark LL, Ewy GA, et al. Minimally interrupted cardiac resuscitation by emergency medical services for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. J Am Med Assoc 2008;299:1158-65.
    • (2008) J Am Med Assoc , vol.299 , pp. 1158-1165
    • Bobrow, B.J.1    Clark, L.L.2    Ewy, G.A.3
  • 159
    • 49549124513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves neurologically intact survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Kellum MJ, Kennedy KW, Barney R, et al. Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves neurologically intact survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ann Emerg Med 2008;52:244-52.
    • (2008) Ann Emerg Med , vol.52 , pp. 244-252
    • Kellum, M.J.1    Kennedy, K.W.2    Barney, R.3
  • 160
    • 33744811990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations Part 2. Adult basic life support.
    • 2005 International consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Part 2. Adult basic life support. Circulation 2005;112. III 5-16.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , Issue.3 , pp. 5-16
  • 161
    • 0018534877 scopus 로고
    • The choking controversy: critique of evidence on the Heimlich maneuver
    • Redding JS. The choking controversy: critique of evidence on the Heimlich maneuver. Crit Care Med 1979;7:475-9.
    • (1979) Crit Care Med , vol.7 , pp. 475-479
    • Redding, J.S.1
  • 164
    • 0022006635 scopus 로고
    • Use of the Heimlich Maneuver on children in the Rhone-Alpes area
    • Boussuges S, Maitrerobert P, Bost M. Use of the Heimlich Maneuver on children in the Rhone-Alpes area. Arch Fr Pediatr 1985;42:733-6.
    • (1985) Arch Fr Pediatr , vol.42 , pp. 733-736
    • Boussuges, S.1    Maitrerobert, P.2    Bost, M.3
  • 165
    • 33845729330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adult foreign body airway obstruction in the prehospital setting
    • Soroudi A, Shipp HE, Stepanski BM, et al. Adult foreign body airway obstruction in the prehospital setting. Prehosp Emerg Care 2007;11:25-9.
    • (2007) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.11 , pp. 25-29
    • Soroudi, A.1    Shipp, H.E.2    Stepanski, B.M.3
  • 166
    • 0017192827 scopus 로고
    • Airway obstructed by foreign material: the Heimlich maneuver
    • Guildner CW, Williams D, Subitch T. Airway obstructed by foreign material: the Heimlich maneuver. JACEP 1976;5:675-7.
    • (1976) JACEP , vol.5 , pp. 675-677
    • Guildner, C.W.1    Williams, D.2    Subitch, T.3
  • 167
    • 28444434052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations Part 2 Adult basic life support
    • 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Part 2: Adult basic life support. Resuscitation 2005;67:187-210.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.67 , pp. 187-210
  • 168
    • 0034066254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airway pressure with chest compressions versus Heimlich manoeuvre in recently dead adults with complete airway obstruction
    • Langhelle A, Sunde K, Wik L, Steen PA. Airway pressure with chest compressions versus Heimlich manoeuvre in recently dead adults with complete airway obstruction. Resuscitation 2000;44:105-8.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.44 , pp. 105-108
    • Langhelle, A.1    Sunde, K.2    Wik, L.3    Steen, P.A.4
  • 169
    • 0018070653 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of food-choking
    • Ruben H, Macnaughton FI. The treatment of food-choking. Practitioner 1978;221:725-9.
    • (1978) Practitioner , vol.221 , pp. 725-729
    • Ruben, H.1    Macnaughton, F.I.2
  • 170
    • 0023174361 scopus 로고
    • The Heimlich maneuver: procedure of choice?
    • Brauner DJ. The Heimlich maneuver: procedure of choice? J Am Geriatr Soc 1987;35:78.
    • (1987) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.35 , pp. 78
    • Brauner, D.J.1
  • 172
    • 0001557389 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation 1. Studies of pharyngeal xrays and perfomance by laymen
    • Ruben HM, Elam JO, Ruben AM, Greene DG. Investigation of upper airway problems in resuscitation. 1. Studies of pharyngeal xrays and perfomance by laymen. Anesthesiology 1961;22:271-9.
    • (1961) Anesthesiology , vol.22 , pp. 271-279
    • Ruben, H.M.1    Elam, J.O.2    Ruben, A.M.3    Greene, D.G.4
  • 173
    • 67049108038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infants choking following blind finger sweep
    • Abder-Rahman HA. Infants choking following blind finger sweep. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2009;85:273-5.
    • (2009) J Pediatr (Rio J) , vol.85 , pp. 273-275
    • Abder-Rahman, H.A.1
  • 174
    • 0032786406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of smaller tidal volumes during basic life support ventilation in patients with respiratory arrest: good ventilation, less risk?
    • Wenzel V, Keller C, Idris AH, Dorges V, Lindner KH, Brimacombe JR. Effects of smaller tidal volumes during basic life support ventilation in patients with respiratory arrest: good ventilation, less risk? Resuscitation 1999;43: 25-9.
    • (1999) Resuscitation , vol.43 , pp. 25-29
    • Wenzel, V.1    Keller, C.2    Idris, A.H.3    Dorges, V.4    Lindner, K.H.5    Brimacombe, J.R.6
  • 175
    • 0034159909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smaller tidal volumes with room-air are not sufficient to ensure adequate oxygenation during bag-valve-mask ventilation
    • Dorges V, Ocker H, Hagelberg S, Wenzel V, Idris AH, Schmucker P. Smaller tidal volumes with room-air are not sufficient to ensure adequate oxygenation during bag-valve-mask ventilation. Resuscitation 2000;44:37-41.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.44 , pp. 37-41
    • Dorges, V.1    Ocker, H.2    Hagelberg, S.3    Wenzel, V.4    Idris, A.H.5    Schmucker, P.6
  • 176
    • 0342905389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimisation of tidal volumes given with self-inflatable bags without additional oxygen
    • Dorges V, Ocker H, Hagelberg S, Wenzel V, Schmucker P. Optimisation of tidal volumes given with self-inflatable bags without additional oxygen. Resuscitation 2000;43:195-9.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.43 , pp. 195-199
    • Dorges, V.1    Ocker, H.2    Hagelberg, S.3    Wenzel, V.4    Schmucker, P.5
  • 177
    • 14544288649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of decreasing inspiratory times during simulated bag-valve-mask ventilation
    • von Goedecke A, Bowden K, Wenzel V, Keller C, Gabrielli A. Effects of decreasing inspiratory times during simulated bag-valve-mask ventilation. Resuscitation 2005;64:321-5.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.64 , pp. 321-325
    • von Goedecke, A.1    Bowden, K.2    Wenzel, V.3    Keller, C.4    Gabrielli, A.5
  • 178
    • 15044353498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased inspiratory time during ventilation of an unprotected airway Effect on stomach inflation and lung ventilation in a bench model
    • von Goedecke A, Bowden K, Keller C, Voelckel WG, Jeske HC, Wenzel V. Decreased inspiratory time during ventilation of an unprotected airway. Effect on stomach inflation and lung ventilation in a bench model. Anaesthesist 2005;54:117-22.
    • (2005) Anaesthesist , vol.54 , pp. 117-122
    • von Goedecke, A.1    Bowden, K.2    Keller, C.3    Voelckel, W.G.4    Jeske, H.C.5    Wenzel, V.6
  • 179
    • 33746196656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilation of an unprotected airway: evaluation of a new peak-inspiratory-flow and airway-pressure-limiting bagvalve-mask
    • von Goedecke A, Paal P, Keller C, et al. Ventilation of an unprotected airway: evaluation of a new peak-inspiratory-flow and airway-pressure-limiting bagvalve-mask. Anaesthesist 2006;55:629-34.
    • (2006) Anaesthesist , vol.55 , pp. 629-634
    • von Goedecke, A.1    Paal, P.2    Keller, C.3
  • 181
    • 48049089819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A manikin-based observational study on cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills at the Osaka Senri medical rally
    • Kobayashi M, Fujiwara A, Morita H, et al. A manikin-based observational study on cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills at the Osaka Senri medical rally. Resuscitation 2008;78:333-9.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.78 , pp. 333-339
    • Kobayashi, M.1    Fujiwara, A.2    Morita, H.3
  • 182
    • 0037076435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of interrupting precordial compressions on the calculated probability of defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Eftestol T, Sunde K, Steen PA. Effects of interrupting precordial compressions on the calculated probability of defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2002;105:2270-3.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2270-2273
    • Eftestol, T.1    Sunde, K.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 183
    • 77649317657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest compressions cause recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after the first successful conversion by defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Berdowski J, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Chest compressions cause recurrence of ventricular fibrillation after the first successful conversion by defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3: 72-8.
    • (2010) Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol , vol.3 , pp. 72-78
    • Berdowski, J.1    Tijssen, J.G.2    Koster, R.W.3
  • 184
    • 0035856551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse hemodynamic effects of interrupting chest compressions for rescue breathing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest
    • Berg RA, Sanders AB, Kern KB, et al. Adverse hemodynamic effects of interrupting chest compressions for rescue breathing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. Circulation 2001;104:2465-70.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2465-2470
    • Berg, R.A.1    Sanders, A.B.2    Kern, K.B.3
  • 185
    • 0141866906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated external defibrillation versus manual defibrillation for prolonged ventricular fibrillation: lethal delays of chest compressions before and after countershocks
    • Berg RA, Hilwig RW, Kern KB, Sanders AB, Xavier LC, Ewy GA. Automated external defibrillation versus manual defibrillation for prolonged ventricular fibrillation: lethal delays of chest compressions before and after countershocks. Ann Emerg Med 2003;42:458-67.
    • (2003) Ann Emerg Med , vol.42 , pp. 458-467
    • Berg, R.A.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Kern, K.B.3    Sanders, A.B.4    Xavier, L.C.5    Ewy, G.A.6
  • 186
    • 0037022212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of continuous chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: improved outcome during a simulated single lay-rescuer scenario
    • Kern KB, Hilwig RW, Berg RA, Sanders AB, Ewy GA. Importance of continuous chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: improved outcome during a simulated single lay-rescuer scenario. Circulation 2002;105:645-9.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 645-649
    • Kern, K.B.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Berg, R.A.3    Sanders, A.B.4    Ewy, G.A.5
  • 187
    • 0037118665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse outcomes of interrupted precordial compression during automated defibrillation
    • Yu T, Weil MH, Tang W, et al. Adverse outcomes of interrupted precordial compression during automated defibrillation. Circulation 2002;106:368-72.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.106 , pp. 368-372
    • Yu, T.1    Weil, M.H.2    Tang, W.3
  • 188
    • 44749085514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immediate post-shock chest compressions improve outcome from prolonged ventricular fibrillation
    • Berg RA, Hilwig RW, Berg MD, et al. Immediate post-shock chest compressions improve outcome from prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2008;78:71-6.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.78 , pp. 71-76
    • Berg, R.A.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Berg, M.D.3
  • 189
    • 61449228215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of timing and duration of a single chest compression pause on short-term survival following prolonged ventricular fibrillation
    • Walcott GP, Melnick SB, Walker RG, et al. Effect of timing and duration of a single chest compression pause on short-term survival following prolonged ventricular fibrillation. Resuscitation 2009;80:458-62.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 458-462
    • Walcott, G.P.1    Melnick, S.B.2    Walker, R.G.3
  • 190
    • 77950959469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DEFI 2005 a randomized controlled trial of the effect of automated external defibrillator cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol on outcome from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Jost D, Degrange H, Verret C, et al. DEFI 2005: a randomized controlled trial of the effect of automated external defibrillator cardiopulmonary resuscitation protocol on outcome from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2010;121:1614-22.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 1614-1622
    • Jost, D.1    Degrange, H.2    Verret, C.3
  • 191
    • 2342456424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of shock advice analysis during CPR through removal of CPR artefacts from the human ECG
    • Eilevstjonn J, Eftestol T, Aase SO, Myklebust H, Husoy JH, Steen PA. Feasibility of shock advice analysis during CPR through removal of CPR artefacts from the human ECG. Resuscitation 2004;61:131-41.
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.61 , pp. 131-141
    • Eilevstjonn, J.1    Eftestol, T.2    Aase, S.O.3    Myklebust, H.4    Husoy, J.H.5    Steen, P.A.6
  • 192
    • 33845389282 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of ventricular fibrillation in the presence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation artefacts
    • Aramendi E, de Gauna SR, Irusta U, Ruiz J, Arcocha MF, Ormaetxe JM. Detection of ventricular fibrillation in the presence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation artefacts. Resuscitation 2007;72:115-23.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.72 , pp. 115-123
    • Aramendi, E.1    de Gauna, S.R.2    Irusta, U.3    Ruiz, J.4    Arcocha, M.F.5    Ormaetxe, J.M.6
  • 193
    • 34548436445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated detection of ventricular fibrillation to guide cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Li Y, Bisera J, Tang W, Weil MH. Automated detection of ventricular fibrillation to guide cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Pathw Cardiol 2007;6: 131-4.
    • (2007) Crit Pathw Cardiol , vol.6 , pp. 131-134
    • Li, Y.1    Bisera, J.2    Tang, W.3    Weil, M.H.4
  • 194
    • 37549011383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying potentially shockable rhythms without interrupting cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Li Y, Bisera J, Geheb F, Tang W, Weil MH. Identifying potentially shockable rhythms without interrupting cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2008;36:198-203.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 198-203
    • Li, Y.1    Bisera, J.2    Geheb, F.3    Tang, W.4    Weil, M.H.5
  • 196
    • 67249099926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A least mean-square filter for the estimation of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifact based on the frequency of the compressions
    • Irusta U, Ruiz J, de Gauna SR, Eftestol T, Kramer-Johansen J. A least mean-square filter for the estimation of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation artifact based on the frequency of the compressions. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009;56:1052-62.
    • (2009) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.56 , pp. 1052-1062
    • Irusta, U.1    Ruiz, J.2    de Gauna, S.R.3    Eftestol, T.4    Kramer-Johansen, J.5
  • 197
    • 34548239764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rhythm discrimination during uninterrupted CPR using motion artifact reduction system
    • Berger RD, Palazzolo J, Halperin H. Rhythm discrimination during uninterrupted CPR using motion artifact reduction system. Resuscitation 2007;75:145-52.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.75 , pp. 145-152
    • Berger, R.D.1    Palazzolo, J.2    Halperin, H.3
  • 198
    • 34547489984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased chest compression to ventilation ratio improves delivery of CPR
    • Hostler D, Rittenberger JC, Roth R, Callaway CW. Increased chest compression to ventilation ratio improves delivery of CPR. Resuscitation 2007;74:446-52.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.74 , pp. 446-452
    • Hostler, D.1    Rittenberger, J.C.2    Roth, R.3    Callaway, C.W.4
  • 199
    • 70149107549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of the 2005 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care guidelines on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival
    • Sayre MR, Cantrell SA, White LJ, Hiestand BC, Keseg DP, Koser S. Impact of the 2005 American Heart Association cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care guidelines on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival. Prehosp Emerg Care 2009;13:469-77.
    • (2009) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.13 , pp. 469-477
    • Sayre, M.R.1    Cantrell, S.A.2    White, L.J.3    Hiestand, B.C.4    Keseg, D.P.5    Koser, S.6
  • 200
    • 28544432407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005 Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators
    • Handley AJ, Koster R, Monsieurs K, Perkins GD, Davies S, Bossaert L. European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation 2005. Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 2005;67:S7-23.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.67
    • Handley, A.J.1    Koster, R.2    Monsieurs, K.3    Perkins, G.D.4    Davies, S.5    Bossaert, L.6
  • 201
    • 33744804035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular, care., Part, 4., Adult basic life, support
    • 2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Part 4. Adult basic life support. Circulation 2005;112. IV-19-34.
    • (2005) Circulation , vol.112 , Issue.4 , pp. 19-34
  • 202
    • 56949105809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation first for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests found by paramedics to be in ventricular fibrillation? A randomised control trial
    • Baker PW, Conway J, Cotton C, et al. Defibrillation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation first for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrests found by paramedics to be in ventricular fibrillation? A randomised control trial. Resuscitation 2008;79:424-31.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.79 , pp. 424-431
    • Baker, P.W.1    Conway, J.2    Cotton, C.3
  • 203
    • 0036899939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival and neurologic outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with four different chest compression-ventilation ratios
    • Sanders AB, Kern KB, Berg RA, Hilwig RW, Heidenrich J, Ewy GA. Survival and neurologic outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with four different chest compression-ventilation ratios. Ann Emerg Med 2002;40:553-62.
    • (2002) Ann Emerg Med , vol.40 , pp. 553-562
    • Sanders, A.B.1    Kern, K.B.2    Berg, R.A.3    Hilwig, R.W.4    Heidenrich, J.5    Ewy, G.A.6
  • 204
    • 33646558547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and hemodynamic comparison of 15:2 and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratios for cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Yannopoulos D, Aufderheide TP, Gabrielli A, et al. Clinical and hemodynamic comparison of 15:2 and 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratios for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 2006;34:1444-9.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1444-1449
    • Yannopoulos, D.1    Aufderheide, T.P.2    Gabrielli, A.3
  • 205
    • 68349113711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basic life support with four different compression/ventilation ratios in a pig model: the need for ventilation
    • Kill C, Torossian A, Freisburger C, et al. Basic life support with four different compression/ventilation ratios in a pig model: the need for ventilation. Resuscitation 2009;80:1060-5.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 1060-1065
    • Kill, C.1    Torossian, A.2    Freisburger, C.3
  • 206
    • 0036024418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimum compression to ventilation ratios in CPR under realistic, practical conditions: a physiological and mathematical analysis
    • Babbs CF, Kern KB. Optimum compression to ventilation ratios in CPR under realistic, practical conditions: a physiological and mathematical analysis. Resuscitation 2002;54:147-57.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.54 , pp. 147-157
    • Babbs, C.F.1    Kern, K.B.2
  • 207
    • 2342475807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing chest compression to rescue ventilation ratios during one-rescuer CPR by professionals and lay persons: children are not just little adults
    • Babbs CF, Nadkarni V. Optimizing chest compression to rescue ventilation ratios during one-rescuer CPR by professionals and lay persons: children are not just little adults. Resuscitation 2004;61:173-81.
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.61 , pp. 173-181
    • Babbs, C.F.1    Nadkarni, V.2
  • 208
    • 0036158234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the compression to ventilation ratio affect the quality of CPR: a simulation study
    • Turner I, Turner S, Armstrong V. Does the compression to ventilation ratio affect the quality of CPR: a simulation study. Resuscitation 2002;52:55-62.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.52 , pp. 55-62
    • Turner, I.1    Turner, S.2    Armstrong, V.3
  • 209
    • 3843147317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimum cardiopulmonary resuscitation for basic and advanced life support: a simulation study
    • Turner I, Turner S. Optimum cardiopulmonary resuscitation for basic and advanced life support: a simulation study. Resuscitation 2004;62:209-17.
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.62 , pp. 209-217
    • Turner, I.1    Turner, S.2
  • 210
    • 54049137573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Work of CPR during two different compression to ventilation ratios with real-time feedback
    • Betz AE, Callaway CW, Hostler D, Rittenberger JC. Work of CPR during two different compression to ventilation ratios with real-time feedback. Resuscitation 2008;79:278-82.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.79 , pp. 278-282
    • Betz, A.E.1    Callaway, C.W.2    Hostler, D.3    Rittenberger, J.C.4
  • 211
    • 39749160885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of chest compressions during 10 min of single-rescuer basic life support with different compression: ventilation ratios in a manikin model
    • Bjorshol CA, Soreide E, Torsteinbo TH, Lexow K, Nilsen OB, Sunde K. Quality of chest compressions during 10 min of single-rescuer basic life support with different compression: ventilation ratios in a manikin model. Resuscitation 2008;77:95-100.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.77 , pp. 95-100
    • Bjorshol, C.A.1    Soreide, E.2    Torsteinbo, T.H.3    Lexow, K.4    Nilsen, O.B.5    Sunde, K.6
  • 212
    • 51549089552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chest compression quality and rescuer fatigue with increased compression to ventilation ratio during single rescuer pediatric CPR
    • Haque IU, Udassi JP, Udassi S, Theriaque DW, Shuster JJ, Zaritsky AL. Chest compression quality and rescuer fatigue with increased compression to ventilation ratio during single rescuer pediatric CPR. Resuscitation 2008;79:82-9.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.79 , pp. 82-89
    • Haque, I.U.1    Udassi, J.P.2    Udassi, S.3    Theriaque, D.W.4    Shuster, J.J.5    Zaritsky, A.L.6
  • 213
    • 33751237105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of lay person CPR performance with compression: ventilation ratios 15:2 30 2 or continuous chest compressions without ventilations on manikins
    • Odegaard S, Saether E, Steen PA, Wik L. Quality of lay person CPR performance with compression: ventilation ratios 15:2, 30:2 or continuous chest compressions without ventilations on manikins. Resuscitation 2006;71:335-40.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.71 , pp. 335-340
    • Odegaard, S.1    Saether, E.2    Steen, P.A.3    Wik, L.4
  • 214
    • 0036710752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of ventilation-compression ratios 1:5 and 2:15 in simulated single rescuer paediatric resuscitation
    • Dorph E, Wik L, Steen PA. Effectiveness of ventilation-compression ratios 1:5 and 2:15 in simulated single rescuer paediatric resuscitation. Resuscitation 2002;54:259-64.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.54 , pp. 259-264
    • Dorph, E.1    Wik, L.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 215
    • 0036891456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality of cardiac massage with ratio compression-ventilation 5/1 and 15/2
    • Greingor JL. Quality of cardiac massage with ratio compression-ventilation 5/1 and 15/2. Resuscitation 2002;55:263-7.
    • (2002) Resuscitation , vol.55 , pp. 263-267
    • Greingor, J.L.1
  • 216
    • 57649233568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of 10-11-year-old schoolchildren using two different external chest compression to ventilation ratios
    • Hill K, Mohan C, Stevenson M, McCluskey D. Objective assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of 10-11-year-old schoolchildren using two different external chest compression to ventilation ratios. Resuscitation 2009;80:96-9.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 96-99
    • Hill, K.1    Mohan, C.2    Stevenson, M.3    McCluskey, D.4
  • 217
    • 20344386473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of CPR delivery with various compression-to-ventilation ratios during two-rescuer CPR
    • Hostler D, Guimond G, Callaway C. A comparison of CPR delivery with various compression-to-ventilation ratios during two-rescuer CPR. Resuscitation 2005;65:325-8.
    • (2005) Resuscitation , vol.65 , pp. 325-328
    • Hostler, D.1    Guimond, G.2    Callaway, C.3
  • 218
    • 0033956002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An analysis of the efficacy of bag-valve-mask ventilation and chest compression during different compression-ventilation ratios in manikin-simulated paediatric resuscitation
    • Kinney SB, Tibballs J. An analysis of the efficacy of bag-valve-mask ventilation and chest compression during different compression-ventilation ratios in manikin-simulated paediatric resuscitation. Resuscitation 2000;43:115-20.
    • (2000) Resuscitation , vol.43 , pp. 115-120
    • Kinney, S.B.1    Tibballs, J.2
  • 219
    • 19444385733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of one-rescuer compression/ventilation ratios on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infant, pediatric, and adult manikins
    • Srikantan SK, Berg RA, Cox T, Tice L, Nadkarni VM. Effect of one-rescuer compression/ventilation ratios on cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infant, pediatric, and adult manikins. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2005;6:293-7.
    • (2005) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.6 , pp. 293-297
    • Srikantan, S.K.1    Berg, R.A.2    Cox, T.3    Tice, L.4    Nadkarni, V.M.5
  • 220
    • 0037337172 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation An evaluation of efficacy amongst elderly
    • Dorph E, Wik L, Steen PA. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. An evaluation of efficacy amongst elderly. Resuscitation 2003;56:265-73.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.56 , pp. 265-273
    • Dorph, E.1    Wik, L.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 221
    • 33750152266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eighth grade students become proficient at CPR and use of an AED following a condensed training programme
    • Kelley J, Richman PB, Ewy GA, Clark L, Bulloch B, Bobrow BJ. Eighth grade students become proficient at CPR and use of an AED following a condensed training programme. Resuscitation 2006;71:229-36.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.71 , pp. 229-236
    • Kelley, J.1    Richman, P.B.2    Ewy, G.A.3    Clark, L.4    Bulloch, B.5    Bobrow, B.J.6
  • 222
    • 0142106943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of chest compression only CPR for older adults - a pilot study
    • Swor R, Compton S, Vining F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of chest compression only CPR for older adults - a pilot study. Resuscitation 2003;58:177-85.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.58 , pp. 177-185
    • Swor, R.1    Compton, S.2    Vining, F.3
  • 223
    • 33644973829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation trial of traditional dispatcher-assisted CPR versus compressions - only dispatcher-assisted CPR
    • Williams JG, Brice JH, De Maio VJ, Jalbuena T. A simulation trial of traditional dispatcher-assisted CPR versus compressions - only dispatcher-assisted CPR. Prehosp Emerg Care 2006;10:247-53.
    • (2006) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.10 , pp. 247-253
    • Williams, J.G.1    Brice, J.H.2    De Maio, V.J.3    Jalbuena, T.4
  • 224
    • 36549000290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved neurological outcome with continuous chest compressions compared with 30:2 compressions-to-ventilations cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a realistic swine model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Ewy GA, Zuercher M, Hilwig RW, et al. Improved neurological outcome with continuous chest compressions compared with 30:2 compressions-to-ventilations cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a realistic swine model of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Circulation 2007;116:2525-30.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 2525-2530
    • Ewy, G.A.1    Zuercher, M.2    Hilwig, R.W.3
  • 226
    • 0029115143 scopus 로고
    • The need for ventilatory support during bystander CPR
    • Berg RA, Wilcoxson D, Hilwig RW, et al. The need for ventilatory support during bystander CPR. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:342-50.
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.26 , pp. 342-350
    • Berg, R.A.1    Wilcoxson, D.2    Hilwig, R.W.3
  • 227
    • 0031453546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assisted ventilation during 'bystander' CPR in a swine acute myocardial infarction model does not improve outcome
    • Berg RA, Kern KB, Hilwig RW, Ewy GA. Assisted ventilation during 'bystander' CPR in a swine acute myocardial infarction model does not improve outcome. Circulation 1997;96:4364-71.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.96 , pp. 4364-3471
    • Berg, R.A.1    Kern, K.B.2    Hilwig, R.W.3    Ewy, G.A.4
  • 228
    • 0030953985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assisted ventilation does not improve outcome in a porcine model of single-rescuer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Berg RA, Kern KB, Hilwig RW, et al. Assisted ventilation does not improve outcome in a porcine model of single-rescuer bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 1997;95:1635-41.
    • (1997) Circulation , vol.95 , pp. 1635-1641
    • Berg, R.A.1    Kern, K.B.2    Hilwig, R.W.3
  • 229
    • 0028609960 scopus 로고
    • Observations of ventilation during resuscitation in a canine model
    • Chandra NC, Gruben KG, Tsitlik JE, et al. Observations of ventilation during resuscitation in a canine model. Circulation 1994;90:3070-5.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 3070-3075
    • Chandra, N.C.1    Gruben, K.G.2    Tsitlik, J.E.3
  • 230
    • 0032466636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of chest compression-only BLS CPR in the presence of an occluded airway
    • Kern KB, Hilwig RW, Berg RA, Ewy GA. Efficacy of chest compression-only BLS CPR in the presence of an occluded airway. Resuscitation 1998;39:179-88.
    • (1998) Resuscitation , vol.39 , pp. 179-188
    • Kern, K.B.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Berg, R.A.3    Ewy, G.A.4
  • 231
    • 0029123783 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical ventilation may not be essential for initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Noc M, Weil MH, Tang W, Turner T, Fukui M. Mechanical ventilation may not be essential for initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Chest 1995;108:821-7.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.108 , pp. 821-827
    • Noc, M.1    Weil, M.H.2    Tang, W.3    Turner, T.4    Fukui, M.5
  • 232
    • 0032833717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated mouth-to-mouth ventilation and chest compressions (bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation) improves outcome in a swine model of prehospital pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest
    • Berg RA, Hilwig RW, Kern KB, Babar I, Ewy GA. Simulated mouth-to-mouth ventilation and chest compressions (bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation) improves outcome in a swine model of prehospital pediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest. Crit Care Med 1999;27:1893-9.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1893-1899
    • Berg, R.A.1    Hilwig, R.W.2    Kern, K.B.3    Babar, I.4    Ewy, G.A.5
  • 233
    • 1842452074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxygen delivery and return of spontaneous circulation with ventilation:compression ratio 2:30 versus chest compressions only CPR in pigs
    • Dorph E, Wik L, Stromme TA, Eriksen M, Steen PA. Oxygen delivery and return of spontaneous circulation with ventilation:compression ratio 2:30 versus chest compressions only CPR in pigs. Resuscitation 2004;60:309-18.
    • (2004) Resuscitation , vol.60 , pp. 309-318
    • Dorph, E.1    Wik, L.2    Stromme, T.A.3    Eriksen, M.4    Steen, P.A.5
  • 234
    • 0028656434 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ventilation on resuscitation in an animal model of cardiac arrest
    • Idris AH, Becker LB, Fuerst RS, et al. Effect of ventilation on resuscitation in an animal model of cardiac arrest. Circulation 1994;90:3063-9.
    • (1994) Circulation , vol.90 , pp. 3063-3069
    • Idris, A.H.1    Becker, L.B.2    Fuerst, R.S.3
  • 235
    • 0035184892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precordial compression without airway management induces lung injury in the rodent cardiac arrest model with central apnea
    • Kawamae K, Murakawa M, Otsuki M, Matsumoto Y, Tase C. Precordial compression without airway management induces lung injury in the rodent cardiac arrest model with central apnea. Resuscitation 2001;51:165-71.
    • (2001) Resuscitation , vol.51 , pp. 165-171
    • Kawamae, K.1    Murakawa, M.2    Otsuki, M.3    Matsumoto, Y.4    Tase, C.5
  • 236
    • 48549086173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much lung ventilation is obtained with only chest-compression CPR?
    • Geddes LA, Rundell A, Otlewski M, Pargett M. How much lung ventilation is obtained with only chest-compression CPR? Cardiovasc Eng 2008;8:145-8.
    • (2008) Cardiovasc Eng , vol.8 , pp. 145-148
    • Geddes, L.A.1    Rundell, A.2    Otlewski, M.3    Pargett, M.4
  • 237
    • 0034713353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by chest compression alone or with mouth-to-mouth ventilation
    • Hallstrom A, Cobb L, Johnson E, Copass M. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by chest compression alone or with mouth-to-mouth ventilation. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1546-53.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1546-1553
    • Hallstrom, A.1    Cobb, L.2    Johnson, E.3    Copass, M.4
  • 238
    • 77955069236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CPR with chest compression alone or with rescue breathing
    • Rea TD, Fahrenbruch C, Culley L, et al. CPR with chest compression alone or with rescue breathing. N Engl J Med 2010;363:423-33.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 423-433
    • Rea, T.D.1    Fahrenbruch, C.2    Culley, L.3
  • 239
    • 77955078131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compression-only CPR or standard CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Svensson L, Bohm K, Castrén M, et al. Compression-only CPR or standard CPR in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med 2010;363:434-42.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.363 , pp. 434-442
    • Svensson, L.1    Bohm, K.2    Castrén, M.3
  • 240
    • 0028577625 scopus 로고
    • Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation influences outcome after prehospital cardiac arrest
    • Wik L, Steen PA, Bircher NG. Quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation influences outcome after prehospital cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 1994;28:195-203.
    • (1994) Resuscitation , vol.28 , pp. 195-203
    • Wik, L.1    Steen, P.A.2    Bircher, N.G.3
  • 241
    • 37349033918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Survival is similar after standard treatment and chest compression only in out-of-hospital bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Bohm K, Rosenqvist M, Herlitz J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L. Survival is similar after standard treatment and chest compression only in out-of-hospital bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Circulation 2007;116:2908-12.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 2908-2912
    • Bohm, K.1    Rosenqvist, M.2    Herlitz, J.3    Hollenberg, J.4    Svensson, L.5
  • 242
    • 33947173195 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders with chest compression only (SOS-KANTO): an observational, study
    • SOS-KANTO Study Group
    • SOS-KANTO Study Group. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders with chest compression only (SOS-KANTO): an observational study. Lancet 2007;369:920-6.
    • (2007) Lancet , vol.369 , pp. 920-926
  • 243
    • 0034802137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bystander initiated actions in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: results from the Amsterdam Resuscitation Study (ARREST)
    • Waalewijn RA, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Bystander initiated actions in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: results from the Amsterdam Resuscitation Study (ARREST). Resuscitation 2001;50:273-9.
    • (2001) Resuscitation , vol.50 , pp. 273-279
    • Waalewijn, R.A.1    Tijssen, J.G.2    Koster, R.W.3
  • 244
    • 46749122244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard basic life support vs. continuous chest compressions only in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Olasveengen TM, Wik L, Steen PA. Standard basic life support vs. continuous chest compressions only in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008;52:914-9.
    • (2008) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.52 , pp. 914-919
    • Olasveengen, T.M.1    Wik, L.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 245
    • 33645236930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Kellum MJ, Kennedy KW, Ewy GA. Cardiocerebral resuscitation improves survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Am J Med 2006;119:335-40.
    • (2006) Am J Med , vol.119 , pp. 335-340
    • Kellum, M.J.1    Kennedy, K.W.2    Ewy, G.A.3
  • 246
    • 33646862593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constant flow insufflation of oxygen as the sole mode of ventilation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Bertrand C, Hemery F, Carli P, et al. Constant flow insufflation of oxygen as the sole mode of ventilation during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Intensive Care Med 2006;32:843-51.
    • (2006) Intensive Care Med , vol.32 , pp. 843-851
    • Bertrand, C.1    Hemery, F.2    Carli, P.3
  • 247
    • 0342322884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of continuous insufflation of oxygen combined with active cardiac compression-decompression during out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest
    • Saissy JM, Boussignac G, Cheptel E, et al. Efficacy of continuous insufflation of oxygen combined with active cardiac compression-decompression during out-of-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest. Anesthesiology 2000;92:1523-30.
    • (2000) Anesthesiology , vol.92 , pp. 1523-1530
    • Saissy, J.M.1    Boussignac, G.2    Cheptel, E.3
  • 248
    • 0024842970 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of prehospital conventional and simultaneous compression-ventilation cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Krischer JP, Fine EG, Weisfeldt ML, Guerci AD, Nagel E, Chandra N. Comparison of prehospital conventional and simultaneous compression-ventilation cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Crit Care Med 1989;17:1263-9.
    • (1989) Crit Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 1263-1269
    • Krischer, J.P.1    Fine, E.G.2    Weisfeldt, M.L.3    Guerci, A.D.4    Nagel, E.5    Chandra, N.6
  • 249
    • 77950889441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conventional and chest-compressiononly cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study
    • Kitamura T, Iwami T, Kawamura T, et al. Conventional and chest-compressiononly cardiopulmonary resuscitation by bystanders for children who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests: a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study. Lancet 2010.
    • (2010) Lancet
    • Kitamura, T.1    Iwami, T.2    Kawamura, T.3
  • 250
    • 0021803963 scopus 로고
    • Airway patency in the unconscious patient
    • Boidin MP. Airway patency in the unconscious patient. Br J Anaesth 1985;57:306-10.
    • (1985) Br J Anaesth , vol.57 , pp. 306-310
    • Boidin, M.P.1
  • 251
    • 65449158458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of the first link: description and recognition of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an emergency call
    • Berdowski J, Beekhuis F, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JG, Koster RW. Importance of the first link: description and recognition of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in an emergency call. Circulation 2009;119:2096-102.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , pp. 2096-2102
    • Berdowski, J.1    Beekhuis, F.2    Zwinderman, A.H.3    Tijssen, J.G.4    Koster, R.W.5
  • 252
    • 0842286464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the use of the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System affect cardiac arrest detection?
    • Heward A, Damiani M, Hartley-Sharpe C. Does the use of the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System affect cardiac arrest detection? Emerg Med J 2004;21:115-8.
    • (2004) Emerg Med J , vol.21 , pp. 115-118
    • Heward, A.1    Damiani, M.2    Hartley-Sharpe, C.3
  • 254
    • 39749171783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The obstacles to maximising the impact of public access defibrillation: an assessment of the dispatch mechanism for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
    • Cairns KJ, Hamilton AJ, Marshall AH, Moore MJ, Adgey AA, Kee F. The obstacles to maximising the impact of public access defibrillation: an assessment of the dispatch mechanism for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Heart 2008;94: 349-53.
    • (2008) Heart , vol.94 , pp. 349-353
    • Cairns, K.J.1    Hamilton, A.J.2    Marshall, A.H.3    Moore, M.J.4    Adgey, A.A.5    Kee, F.6
  • 255
    • 0035662308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do health care professionals report sudden cardiac arrest better than laymen?
    • Castren M, Kuisma M, Serlachius J, Skrifvars M. Do health care professionals report sudden cardiac arrest better than laymen? Resuscitation 2001;51:265-8.
    • (2001) Resuscitation , vol.51 , pp. 265-268
    • Castren, M.1    Kuisma, M.2    Serlachius, J.3    Skrifvars, M.4
  • 256
    • 0028355333 scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of determining cardiac arrest by emergency medical dispatchers
    • Clark JJ, Culley L, Eisenberg M, Henwood DK. Accuracy of determining cardiac arrest by emergency medical dispatchers. Ann Emerg Med 1994;23: 1022-6.
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.23 , pp. 1022-1026
    • Clark, J.J.1    Culley, L.2    Eisenberg, M.3    Henwood, D.K.4
  • 258
    • 33746064128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of the medical priority dispatch system in detecting cardiac arrest emergency calls in Melbourne
    • Flynn J, Archer F, Morgans A. Sensitivity and specificity of the medical priority dispatch system in detecting cardiac arrest emergency calls in Melbourne. Prehosp Disaster Med 2006;21:72-6.
    • (2006) Prehosp Disaster Med , vol.21 , pp. 72-76
    • Flynn, J.1    Archer, F.2    Morgans, A.3
  • 259
    • 0041334006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The accuracy of predicting cardiac arrest by emergency medical services dispatchers: the calling party effect
    • Garza AG, Gratton MC, Chen JJ, Carlson B. The accuracy of predicting cardiac arrest by emergency medical services dispatchers: the calling party effect. Acad Emerg Med 2003;10:955-60.
    • (2003) Acad Emerg Med , vol.10 , pp. 955-960
    • Garza, A.G.1    Gratton, M.C.2    Chen, J.J.3    Carlson, B.4
  • 261
    • 34147162314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei
    • Ma MH, Lu TC, Ng JC, et al. Evaluation of emergency medical dispatch in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Taipei. Resuscitation 2007;73:236-45.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.73 , pp. 236-245
    • Ma, M.H.1    Lu, T.C.2    Ng, J.C.3
  • 262
    • 0038059241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatcher assisted CPR: implementation and potential benefit A 12-year study
    • Hallstrom AP, Cobb LA, Johnson E, Copass MK. Dispatcher assisted CPR: implementation and potential benefit. A 12-year study. Resuscitation 2003;57:123-9.
    • (2003) Resuscitation , vol.57 , pp. 123-129
    • Hallstrom, A.P.1    Cobb, L.A.2    Johnson, E.3    Copass, M.K.4
  • 263
    • 33747885368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of protocol compliance to cardiac arrest identification by emergency medical dispatchers
    • Nurmi J, Pettila V, Biber B, Kuisma M, Komulainen R, Castren M. Effect of protocol compliance to cardiac arrest identification by emergency medical dispatchers. Resuscitation 2006;70:463-9.
    • (2006) Resuscitation , vol.70 , pp. 463-469
    • Nurmi, J.1    Pettila, V.2    Biber, B.3    Kuisma, M.4    Komulainen, R.5    Castren, M.6
  • 264
    • 67349085474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatcher assessments for agonal breathing improve detection of cardiac arrest
    • Roppolo LP, Westfall A, Pepe PE, et al. Dispatcher assessments for agonal breathing improve detection of cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2009;80: 769-72.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 769-772
    • Roppolo, L.P.1    Westfall, A.2    Pepe, P.E.3
  • 265
    • 68349095138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR
    • Bohm K, Stalhandske B, Rosenqvist M, Ulfvarson J, Hollenberg J, Svensson L. Tuition of emergency medical dispatchers in the recognition of agonal respiration increases the use of telephone assisted CPR. Resuscitation 2009;80:1025-8.
    • (2009) Resuscitation , vol.80 , pp. 1025-1028
    • Bohm, K.1    Stalhandske, B.2    Rosenqvist, M.3    Ulfvarson, J.4    Hollenberg, J.5    Svensson, L.6
  • 266
    • 46349086716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ability of the medical priority dispatch system protocol to predict the acuity of "unknown problem" dispatch response levels
    • Clawson J, Olola C, Heward A, Patterson B, Scott G. Ability of the medical priority dispatch system protocol to predict the acuity of "unknown problem" dispatch response levels. Prehosp Emerg Care 2008;12:290-6.
    • (2008) Prehosp Emerg Care , vol.12 , pp. 290-296
    • Clawson, J.1    Olola, C.2    Heward, A.3    Patterson, B.4    Scott, G.5
  • 267
    • 35348911831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrest predictability in seizure patients based on emergency medical dispatcher identification of previous seizure or epilepsy history
    • Clawson J, Olola C, Heward A, Patterson B. Cardiac arrest predictability in seizure patients based on emergency medical dispatcher identification of previous seizure or epilepsy history. Resuscitation 2007;75:298-304.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.75 , pp. 298-304
    • Clawson, J.1    Olola, C.2    Heward, A.3    Patterson, B.4
  • 268
    • 0035923476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest
    • Rea TD, Eisenberg MS, Culley LL, Becker L. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and survival in cardiac arrest. Circulation 2001;104:2513-6.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 2513-2516
    • Rea, T.D.1    Eisenberg, M.S.2    Culley, L.L.3    Becker, L.4
  • 269
    • 51549087321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Instructions to "push as hard as you can" improve average chest compression depth in dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Mirza M, Brown TB, Saini D, et al. Instructions to "push as hard as you can" improve average chest compression depth in dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2008;79:97-102.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.79 , pp. 97-102
    • Mirza, M.1    Brown, T.B.2    Saini, D.3
  • 270
    • 33845413597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simplified dispatch-assisted CPR instructions outperform standard protocol
    • Dias JA, Brown TB, Saini D, et al. Simplified dispatch-assisted CPR instructions outperform standard protocol. Resuscitation 2007;72:108-14.
    • (2007) Resuscitation , vol.72 , pp. 108-114
    • Dias, J.A.1    Brown, T.B.2    Saini, D.3
  • 271
    • 48049111801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • To see or not to see - better dispatcher-assisted CPR with video-calls? A qualitative study based on simulated trials
    • Johnsen E, Bolle SR. To see or not to see - better dispatcher-assisted CPR with video-calls? A qualitative study based on simulated trials. Resuscitation 2008;78:320-6.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.78 , pp. 320-326
    • Johnsen, E.1    Bolle, S.R.2
  • 272
    • 48049097275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of adding video communication to dispatch instructions on the quality of rescue breathing in simulated cardiac arrests - a randomized controlled study
    • Yang CW, Wang HC, Chiang WC, et al. Impact of adding video communication to dispatch instructions on the quality of rescue breathing in simulated cardiac arrests - a randomized controlled study. Resuscitation 2008;78: 327-32.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.78 , pp. 327-332
    • Yang, C.W.1    Wang, H.C.2    Chiang, W.C.3
  • 273
    • 67650361698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactive video instruction improves the quality of dispatcher-assisted chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation in simulated cardiac arrests
    • Yang CW, Wang HC, Chiang WC, et al. Interactive video instruction improves the quality of dispatcher-assisted chest compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation in simulated cardiac arrests. Crit Care Med 2009;37: 490-5.
    • (2009) Crit Care Med , vol.37 , pp. 490-495
    • Yang, C.W.1    Wang, H.C.2    Chiang, W.C.3
  • 274
    • 39849104153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction: animation versus dispatcher through a cellular phone
    • Choa M, Park I, Chung HS, Yoo SK, Shim H, Kim S. The effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation instruction: animation versus dispatcher through a cellular phone. Resuscitation 2008;77:87-94.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.77 , pp. 87-94
    • Choa, M.1    Park, I.2    Chung, H.S.3    Yoo, S.K.4    Shim, H.5    Kim, S.6
  • 275
    • 36849028129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective infant manikin-based observational study of telephone-cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Dawkins S, Deakin CD, Baker K, Cheung S, Petley GW, Clewlow F. A prospective infant manikin-based observational study of telephone-cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation 2008;76:63-8.
    • (2008) Resuscitation , vol.76 , pp. 63-68
    • Dawkins, S.1    Deakin, C.D.2    Baker, K.3    Cheung, S.4    Petley, G.W.5    Clewlow, F.6
  • 276
    • 0034950582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders does not increase adverse effects as assessed by chest radiography
    • Oschatz E, Wunderbaldinger P, Sterz F, et al. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed by bystanders does not increase adverse effects as assessed by chest radiography. Anesth Analg 2001;93:128-33.
    • (2001) Anesth Analg , vol.93 , pp. 128-133
    • Oschatz, E.1    Wunderbaldinger, P.2    Sterz, F.3
  • 277
    • 0022536792 scopus 로고
    • Unexpected findings and complications at autopsy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
    • Bedell SE, Fulton EJ. Unexpected findings and complications at autopsy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Arch Intern Med 1986;146:1725-8.
    • (1986) Arch Intern Med , vol.146 , pp. 1725-1728
    • Bedell, S.E.1    Fulton, E.J.2
  • 279
    • 0021311616 scopus 로고
    • Gastric rupture complicating mouth-to-mouth resuscitation
    • Engelstein D, Stamler B. Gastric rupture complicating mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Isr J Med Sci 1984;20:68-70.
    • (1984) Isr J Med Sci , vol.20 , pp. 68-70
    • Engelstein, D.1    Stamler, B.2
  • 280
    • 0029916072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular rupture following external chest compression
    • Fosse E, Lindberg H. Left ventricular rupture following external chest compression. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996;40:502-4.
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.40 , pp. 502-504
    • Fosse, E.1    Lindberg, H.2
  • 281
    • 0034908857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric rupture and massive pneumoperitoneum after bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation
    • Offerman SR, Holmes JF, Wisner DH. Gastric rupture and massive pneumoperitoneum after bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Emerg Med 2001;21:137-9.
    • (2001) J Emerg Med , vol.21 , pp. 137-139
    • Offerman, S.R.1    Holmes, J.F.2    Wisner, D.H.3
  • 282
    • 74549139707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: risks for patients not in cardiac arrest
    • White L, Rogers J, Bloomingdale M, et al. Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: risks for patients not in cardiac arrest. Circulation 2010;121:91-7.
    • (2010) Circulation , vol.121 , pp. 91-97
    • White, L.1    Rogers, J.2    Bloomingdale, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.