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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtlCltrzO 10.3945/jn.108.103861 19261730 This is a well-controlled double-blind dietary intervention study in which 79 healthy adults consumed ALA (3.4 g/d), EPA (2.2 g/d), and DHA (2.4 g/d) via enriched margarines for 6 weeks. Serum total and LDL cholesterol were not affected by treatment. Fasting serum triglycerides significantly decreased with EPA (-0.14 mmol/L), DHA (-0.30 mmol/L), and ALA (-0.17 mmol/L)
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVWjsrrP 17981439 This is a large, long-term food-based trial in 169 women who were randomly assigned to receive 40 g/d of flaxseed-based products or wheat-based products for 12 months. In the active-treatment group, ALA intake was increased by 8.8 g/d. Flaxseed had significant effects on body weight (-0.8 kg) and serum total and LDL cholesterol (-0.20 and -0.13 mmol/L, respectively) and a small adverse effect on HDL cholesterol (-0.08 mmol/L). The high ALA dose had no effect on inflammatory markers
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S Dodin SC Cunnane B Mâsse, et al. 2008 Flaxseed on cardiovascular disease markers in healthy menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Nutrition 24 23 30 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhsVWjsrrP 17981439 This is a large, long-term food-based trial in 169 women who were randomly assigned to receive 40 g/d of flaxseed-based products or wheat-based products for 12 months. In the active-treatment group, ALA intake was increased by 8.8 g/d. Flaxseed had significant effects on body weight (-0.8 kg) and serum total and LDL cholesterol (-0.20 and -0.13 mmol/L, respectively) and a small adverse effect on HDL cholesterol (-0.08 mmol/L). The high ALA dose had no effect on inflammatory markers
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosFSnu74%3D 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.762419 18606916 In this study, 1819 patients who survived an MI and 1817 matching controls provided adipose tissue for analysis of ALA and completed a validated food questionnaire. ALA in adipose tissue ranged from 0.36% in the lowest decile to 1.04% in the highest decile. The corresponding median ALA intakes were 1.1 to 2.4 g/d. The risk of nonfatal MI was strongly reduced to adipose tissue ALA levels of about 0.7%, which corresponds to an intake of about 1.8 g/d. Further increases in intake were not associated with increased protection
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H Campos A Baylin WC Willett 2008 Alpha-linolenic acid and risk of nonfatal acute myocardial infarction Circulation 118 339 345 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXosFSnu74%3D 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.762419 18606916 In this study, 1819 patients who survived an MI and 1817 matching controls provided adipose tissue for analysis of ALA and completed a validated food questionnaire. ALA in adipose tissue ranged from 0.36% in the lowest decile to 1.04% in the highest decile. The corresponding median ALA intakes were 1.1 to 2.4 g/d. The risk of nonfatal MI was strongly reduced to adipose tissue ALA levels of about 0.7%, which corresponds to an intake of about 1.8 g/d. Further increases in intake were not associated with increased protection
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXotlagsb8%3D 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29305 20463041 In this cross-sectional study, habitual ALA intake was examined in relation to plasma inflammatory markers, including IL-6 and sIL-6R, in 353 middle-aged male twins. ALA intake ranged from 0.2 to 2 g/d and was significantly inversely associated with plasma sIL-6R, but not with plasma IL-6 or other inflammatory markers. A major strength of this study is the use of twins who share genetic factors and who generally have similar lifestyles and diets
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Low level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes is a risk factor for both acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFanu7jM 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.018 19963154
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Y Park S Park H Yi, et al. 2009 Low level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in erythrocytes is a risk factor for both acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in Koreans Nutr Res 29 825 830 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsFanu7jM 10.1016/j.nutres.2009.10.018 19963154
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(2009)
Nutr Res
, vol.29
, pp. 825-830
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Park, Y.1
Park, S.2
Yi, H.3
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34
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73449122998
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Serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in men
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVOhtrfK 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.852657 19933935 This study assessed the relationship between serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids and risk of atrial fibrillation in 2174 Finnish men who were followed for almost 18 years. Only serum DHA was associated with the risk, with a 38% lower risk in the highest quartile. Serum ALA was not associated with incident atrial fibrillation, not even when serum EPA and DHA were low
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JK Virtanen J Mursu S Voutilainen TP Tuomainen 2009 Serum long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of hospital diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in men Circulation 120 2315 2321 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsVOhtrfK 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.852657 19933935 This study assessed the relationship between serum concentrations of n-3 fatty acids and risk of atrial fibrillation in 2174 Finnish men who were followed for almost 18 years. Only serum DHA was associated with the risk, with a 38% lower risk in the highest quartile. Serum ALA was not associated with incident atrial fibrillation, not even when serum EPA and DHA were low
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(2009)
Circulation
, vol.120
, pp. 2315-2321
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Virtanen, J.K.1
Mursu, J.2
Voutilainen, S.3
Tuomainen, T.P.4
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35
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62349108959
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Red blood cell membrane alpha-linolenic acid and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsFWkur0%3D 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.11.013 19303975 Previous population-based case-control studies of this research group showed strong inverse associations of dietary intake and erythrocyte membrane levels of marine n-3 fatty acids with the risk of sudden cardiac death. In this article, data from a similar case-control study of ALA in erythrocyte membranes and sudden cardiac arrest are reported. Blood was obtained at the time of cardiac arrest (cases) or at the time of an interview (controls). Against expectations, higher membrane ALA was associated with a increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest, with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8) for the upper versus lower quartile
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RN Lemaitre IB King N Sotoodehnia, et al. 2009 Red blood cell membrane alpha-linolenic acid and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest Metabolism 58 534 540 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXjsFWkur0%3D 10.1016/j.metabol.2008.11.013 19303975 Previous population-based case-control studies of this research group showed strong inverse associations of dietary intake and erythrocyte membrane levels of marine n-3 fatty acids with the risk of sudden cardiac death. In this article, data from a similar case-control study of ALA in erythrocyte membranes and sudden cardiac arrest are reported. Blood was obtained at the time of cardiac arrest (cases) or at the time of an interview (controls). Against expectations, higher membrane ALA was associated with a increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest, with an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8) for the upper versus lower quartile
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(2009)
Metabolism
, vol.58
, pp. 534-540
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Lemaitre, R.N.1
King, I.B.2
Sotoodehnia, N.3
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36
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34248679878
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Tissue n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and risk for coronary heart disease events
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1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlvFamtro%3D 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.018 17507020
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WS Harris WC Poston CK Haddock 2007 Tissue n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and risk for coronary heart disease events Atherosclerosis 193 1 10 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXlvFamtro%3D 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.018 17507020
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(2007)
Atherosclerosis
, vol.193
, pp. 1-10
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Harris, W.S.1
Poston, W.C.2
Haddock, C.K.3
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37
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77950146470
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Effect of low doses of n-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases in 4,837 post-myocardial infarction patients: Design and baseline characteristics of the Alpha Omega Trial
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Alpha Omega Trial Group et al. 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktlCjsrg%3D 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.033 20362710
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JM Geleijnse EJ Giltay EG Schouten Alpha Omega Trial Group, et al. 2010 Effect of low doses of n-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases in 4,837 post-myocardial infarction patients: design and baseline characteristics of the Alpha Omega Trial Am Heart J 159 539 546.e2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXktlCjsrg%3D 10.1016/j.ahj.2009.12.033 20362710
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(2010)
Am Heart J
, vol.159
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Geleijnse, J.M.1
Giltay, E.J.2
Schouten, E.G.3
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