메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 32, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 1245-1254

Toward the optimal clinical use of the fraction excretion of solutes in oliguric azotemia

Author keywords

Azotemia; Diagnosis; Renal failure; Renal physiology; Solute transport

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALCOHOL; AMINOGLYCOSIDE; AMINOGLYCOSIDE DERIVATIVE; BENZBROMARONE; CAFFEINE; CALCITONIN; CANDESARTAN; CISPLATIN; CYCLOSPORIN; DIURETIC AGENT; DOPAMINE; FENOFIBRATE; FUROSEMIDE; HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE; LITHIUM; LOSARTAN; METOLAZONE; NESIRITIDE; NISOLDIPINE; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PHENYLBUTAZONE; PROBENECID; PYRAZINAMIDE; SODIUM; SODIUM CHLORIDE; SULFINPYRAZONE; UNINDEXED DRUG; UREA; URIC ACID;

EID: 77958160703     PISSN: 0886022X     EISSN: 15256049     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/0886022X.2010.517353     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (125)
  • 1
    • 85047690754 scopus 로고
    • The FENa test. Use in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure
    • Espinel CH. The FENa test. Use in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. JAMA. 1976;236(6):579-581.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.236 , Issue.6 , pp. 579-581
    • Espinel, C.H.1
  • 2
    • 23844454620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity in renal transplant recipients: Clinical significance of fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and magnesium
    • Naqvi HN, Zafar MN, Hussain A, Naqvi SA, Rizvi AH. Cyclosporine induced nephrotoxicity in renal transplant recipients: Clinical significance of fractional excretion of sodium, potassium and magnesium. J Pak Med Assoc. 2005;55(4):161-165.
    • (2005) J. Pak Med. Assoc. , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 161-165
    • Naqvi, H.N.1    Zafar, M.N.2    Hussain, A.3    Naqvi, S.A.4    Rizvi, A.H.5
  • 4
    • 49649088405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analyses of subjects with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, Gitelman's and Bartter's syndrome
    • Onem Y, Kucukardali Y, Sahan B, et al. Analyses of subjects with hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, Gitelman's and Bartter's syndrome. Ren Fail. 2008;30(7):691-694.
    • (2008) Ren Fail , vol.30 , Issue.7 , pp. 691-694
    • Onem, Y.1    Kucukardali, Y.2    Sahan, B.3
  • 7
    • 0016618663 scopus 로고
    • Distal site of action of parathyroid hormone on phosphate reabsorption
    • Knox FG, Lechene C. Distal site of action of parathyroid hormone on phosphate reabsorption. Am J Physiol. 1975;229(6):1556-1560.
    • (1975) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.229 , Issue.6 , pp. 1556-1560
    • Knox, F.G.1    Lechene, C.2
  • 9
    • 77958160093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approach to the patient with kidney disease
    • Brenner BM, ed, 8th ed., Philadelphia, WB: Saunders
    • Saxena R, Toto RD. Approach to the patient with kidney disease. In: Brenner BM, ed. The Kidney, 8th ed., Philadelphia, WB: Saunders; 2008:710.
    • (2008) The Kidney , pp. 710
    • Saxena, R.1    Toto, R.D.2
  • 10
    • 34848881047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing hydration: The elusive gold standard
    • Armstrong LE. Assessing hydration: The elusive gold standard. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007;26(5):575s-584s.
    • (2007) J. Am. Coll. Nutr. , vol.26 , Issue.5
    • Armstrong, L.E.1
  • 11
    • 67049114696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute kidney injury: Clinical value of urine microscopy in acute kidney injury
    • Bagshaw SM, Gibney RT. Acute kidney injury: Clinical value of urine microscopy in acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2009;5(4):185-186.
    • (2009) Nat. Rev. Nephrol. , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 185-186
    • Bagshaw, S.M.1    Gibney, R.T.2
  • 12
    • 0029157394 scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of physiological increments of brain natriuretic peptide in humans
    • La Villa G, Stefani L, Lazzeri C, et al. Acute effects of physiological increments of brain natriuretic peptide in humans. Hypertension. 1995;26(4):628-633.
    • (1995) Hypertension , vol.26 , Issue.4 , pp. 628-633
    • La Villa, G.1    Stefani, L.2    Lazzeri, C.3
  • 13
    • 0033966085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gentamicin effects on urinary electrolyte excretion in healthy subjects
    • Elliott C, Newman N, Madan A. Gentamicin effects on urinary electrolyte excretion in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2000;67(1):16-21.
    • (2000) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-21
    • Elliott, C.1    Newman, N.2    Madan, A.3
  • 14
    • 27644504980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin on urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus
    • DOI 10.1159/000088046
    • Zanardo V, Vedovato S, Lago P, Piva D, Faggian D, Chiozza L. Effects of ibuprofen and indomethacin on urinary antidiuretic hormone excretion in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2005;20(6):534-539. (Pubitemid 41552263)
    • (2005) Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 534-539
    • Zanardo, V.1    Vedovato, S.2    Lago, P.3    Piva, D.4    Faggian, D.5    Chiozza, L.6
  • 15
    • 0037945321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic effect of Astragalus and Angelica on renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats
    • Sheng MX, Li JZ, Wang HY. Therapeutic effect of Astragalus and Angelica on renal injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 2001;21(1):43-46.
    • (2001) Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-46
    • Sheng, M.X.1    Li, J.Z.2    Wang, H.Y.3
  • 16
    • 0018841823 scopus 로고
    • Low fractional excretion of sodium with contrast media-induced acute renal failure
    • Fang LS, Sirota RA, Ebert TH, Lichtenstein NS. Low fractional excretion of sodium with contrast media-induced acute renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1980;140(4):531-533.
    • (1980) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.140 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-533
    • Fang, L.S.1    Sirota, R.A.2    Ebert, T.H.3    Lichtenstein, N.S.4
  • 17
    • 48249110324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natriuretic and diuretic response to dopamine is maintained during rat pregnancy
    • Sasser JM, Baylis C. The natriuretic and diuretic response to dopamine is maintained during rat pregnancy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008;294(6):F1342-F1344.
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. , vol.294 , Issue.6
    • Sasser, J.M.1    Baylis, C.2
  • 18
    • 2942657675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term treatment with cyclosporine decreases aquaporins and urea transporters in the rat kidney
    • Lim SW, Li C, Sun BK, et al. Long-term treatment with cyclosporine decreases aquaporins and urea transporters in the rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2004;287(1):F139-F151.
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. , vol.287 , Issue.1
    • Lim, S.W.1    Li, C.2    Sun, B.K.3
  • 19
    • 0030980850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcitonin, a proximal-tubular-acting diuretic: Lithium clearance measurements in humans
    • Bachofen M, Bock H, Beglinger C, Fischer JA, Thiel G. Calcitonin, a proximal-tubular-acting diuretic: Lithium clearance measurements in humans. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1997;127(18):747752.
    • (1997) Schweiz Med. Wochenschr , vol.127 , Issue.18 , pp. 747752
    • Bachofen, M.1    Bock, H.2    Beglinger, C.3    Fischer, J.A.4    Thiel, G.5
  • 20
    • 0028823523 scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human erythropoietin stimulates tubular reabsorption of sodium in anesthetized rabbits
    • Nushiro N, Sakamaki T, Hoshino J, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin stimulates tubular reabsorption of sodium in anesthetized rabbits. Hypertens Res. 1995;18(3):203-207.
    • (1995) Hypertens Res. , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 203-207
    • Nushiro, N.1    Sakamaki, T.2    Hoshino, J.3
  • 21
    • 0036846864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natriuretic effect of caffeine: Assessment of segmental sodium reabsorption in humans
    • Shirley DG, Walter SJ, Noormohamed FH. Natriuretic effect of caffeine: Assessment of segmental sodium reabsorption in humans. Clin Sci (Lond). 2002;103(5):461-466.
    • (2002) Clin. Sci. (Lond) , vol.103 , Issue.5 , pp. 461-466
    • Shirley, D.G.1    Walter, S.J.2    Noormohamed, F.H.3
  • 22
    • 0029159884 scopus 로고
    • Acute effect of ethanol on renal electrolyte transport in the rat
    • Carney SL, Gillies AH, Ray CD. Acute effect of ethanol on renal electrolyte transport in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1995;22(9):629-634.
    • (1995) Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. , vol.22 , Issue.9 , pp. 629-634
    • Carney, S.L.1    Gillies, A.H.2    Ray, C.D.3
  • 23
    • 0021361931 scopus 로고
    • Low fractional excretion of sodium. Occurrence with hemoglobinuric-and myoglobinuricinduced acute renal failure
    • Corwin HL, Schreiber MJ, Fang LS. Low fractional excretion of sodium. Occurrence with hemoglobinuric-and myoglobinuricinduced acute renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144(5):981-982.
    • (1984) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.144 , Issue.5 , pp. 981-982
    • Corwin, H.L.1    Schreiber, M.J.2    Fang, L.S.3
  • 24
    • 0020695634 scopus 로고
    • Low fractional excretion of urine sodium in acute renal failure due to sepsis
    • Vaz AJ. Low fractional excretion of urine sodium in acute renal failure due to sepsis. Arch Intern Med. 1983;143(4):738-739.
    • (1983) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.143 , Issue.4 , pp. 738-739
    • Vaz, A.J.1
  • 25
    • 0018147078 scopus 로고
    • Evidence of increased proximal sodium and water reabsorption in experimental glomerulonephritis. Role of a natriuretic factor of renal origin
    • Godon JP. Evidence of increased proximal sodium and water reabsorption in experimental glomerulonephritis. Role of a natriuretic factor of renal origin. Nephron. 1978;21(3):146-154.
    • (1978) Nephron , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 146-154
    • Godon, J.P.1
  • 26
    • 0017101613 scopus 로고
    • Obstructive uropathy mimicking volume depletion
    • Hoffman LM, Suki WN. Obstructive uropathy mimicking volume depletion. JAMA. 1976;236(18):2096-2097.
    • (1976) JAMA , vol.236 , Issue.18 , pp. 2096-2097
    • Hoffman, L.M.1    Suki, W.N.2
  • 27
    • 10744232303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal tubular dysfunction in beta-thalassemia minor
    • Cetin T, Oktenli C, Ozgurtas T, et al. Renal tubular dysfunction in beta-thalassemia minor. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(6):1164-1168.
    • (2003) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.42 , Issue.6 , pp. 1164-1168
    • Cetin, T.1    Oktenli, C.2    Ozgurtas, T.3
  • 28
    • 0019939788 scopus 로고
    • The renal tubular defect of Bartter's syndrome
    • Carmine Z, Ettore B, Giuseppe C, Quirino M. The renal tubular defect of Bartter's syndrome. Nephron. 1982;32(2):140-148.
    • (1982) Nephron , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 140-148
    • Carmine, Z.1    Ettore, B.2    Giuseppe, C.3    Quirino, M.4
  • 29
    • 31544475684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of a case of Gitelman's syndrome based on renal clearance studies and gene analysis of a novel mutation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter
    • Kageyama K, Terui K, Shoji M, et al. Diagnosis of a case of Gitelman's syndrome based on renal clearance studies and gene analysis of a novel mutation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(9):822-826.
    • (2005) J. Endocrinol. Invest. , vol.28 , Issue.9 , pp. 822-826
    • Kageyama, K.1    Terui, K.2    Shoji, M.3
  • 31
    • 0019596873 scopus 로고
    • Increased fractional excretion of sodium in prerenal azotemia: Need for careful interpretation
    • Nanji AJ. Increased fractional excretion of sodium in prerenal azotemia: Need for careful interpretation. Clin Chem. 1981;27(7):1314-1315.
    • (1981) Clin. Chem. , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 1314-1315
    • Nanji, A.J.1
  • 32
    • 0030669451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of respiratory alkalosis and acidosis on net bicarbonate flux along the rat loop of Henle in vivo
    • Unwin R, Stidwell R, Taylor S, Capasso G. The effects of respiratory alkalosis and acidosis on net bicarbonate flux along the rat loop of Henle in vivo. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(5 Pt 2): F698-F705. (Pubitemid 27508364)
    • (1997) American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology , vol.273 , Issue.5
    • Unwin, R.1    Stidwell, R.2    Taylor, S.3    Capasso, G.4
  • 33
    • 0032974920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic metabolic acidosis on renal growth and renal sodium handling in uninephrectomized rats
    • Menegon LF, Figueiredo JF, Gontijo JA. Effect of chronic metabolic acidosis on renal growth and renal sodium handling in uninephrectomized rats. Ren Fail. 1999;21(1):13-22.
    • (1999) Ren Fail , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-22
    • Menegon, L.F.1    Figueiredo, J.F.2    Gontijo, J.A.3
  • 34
    • 0032176435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metabolic acidosis on renal tubular sodium handling in rats as determined by lithium clearance
    • Menegon LF, Figueiredo JF, Gontijo JA. Effect of metabolic acidosis on renal tubular sodium handling in rats as determined by lithium clearance. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1998;31(10):1269-1273.
    • (1998) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. , vol.31 , Issue.10 , pp. 1269-1273
    • Menegon, L.F.1    Figueiredo, J.F.2    Gontijo, J.A.3
  • 35
    • 0020077826 scopus 로고
    • Fractional sodium excretion in patients with chronic renal failure with respect to the therapy
    • Schück O. Fractional sodium excretion in patients with chronic renal failure with respect to the therapy. Nephron. 1982;30(1):95-96. (Pubitemid 12183943)
    • (1982) Nephron , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-96
    • Schueck, O.1
  • 36
    • 0026793096 scopus 로고
    • Fractional excretion of urea as a guide to renal dysfunction
    • Kaplan AA, Kohn OF. Fractional excretion of urea as a guide to renal dysfunction. Am J Nephrol. 1992;12(1-2): 49-54.
    • (1992) Am. J. Nephrol. , vol.12 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 49-54
    • Kaplan, A.A.1    Kohn, O.F.2
  • 37
    • 0021930682 scopus 로고
    • Fractional excretion of sodium. Exceptions to its diagnostic value
    • Zarich S, Fang LS, Diamond JR. Fractional excretion of sodium. Exceptions to its diagnostic value. Arch Intern Med. 1985;145(1):108-112.
    • (1985) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 108-112
    • Zarich, S.1    Fang, L.S.2    Diamond, J.R.3
  • 39
    • 44949199186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute renal failure in the elderly patient: A clinician's guide
    • Cheung CM, Ponnusamy A, Anderton JG. Management of acute renal failure in the elderly patient: A clinician's guide. Drugs Aging. 2008;25(6):455-476.
    • (2008) Drugs Aging , vol.25 , Issue.6 , pp. 455-476
    • Cheung, C.M.1    Ponnusamy, A.2    Anderton, J.G.3
  • 40
    • 0038391249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enzymuria following amphotericin B application in the rat
    • Inselmann G, Balaschke M, Heidemann HT. Enzymuria following amphotericin B application in the rat. Mycoses. 2003;46(5-6): 169-173.
    • (2003) Mycoses , vol.46 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 169-173
    • Inselmann, G.1    Balaschke, M.2    Heidemann, H.T.3
  • 41
    • 34249738435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hypercalcemia on serum concentrations of magnesium, potassium, and phosphate and urinary excretion of electrolytes in horses
    • Toribio RE, Kohn CW, Rourke KM, Levine AL, Rosol TJ. Effects of hypercalcemia on serum concentrations of magnesium, potassium, and phosphate and urinary excretion of electrolytes in horses. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68(5):543-554.
    • (2007) Am. J. Vet. Res. , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 543-554
    • Toribio, R.E.1    Kohn, C.W.2    Rourke, K.M.3    Levine, A.L.4    Rosol, T.J.5
  • 43
    • 77950916508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fractional excretion of K, Na and Cl following furosemide infusion in healthy, young and very old people
    • Musso CG, Reynaldi J, Vilas M, De Miguel R, Imperiali N, Algranati L. Fractional excretion of K, Na and Cl following furosemide infusion in healthy, young and very old people. Int Urol Nephrol. 2010;42(1):273-277.
    • (2010) Int. Urol. Nephrol. , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 273-277
    • Musso, C.G.1    Reynaldi, J.2    Vilas, M.3    De Miguel, R.4    Imperiali, N.5    Algranati, L.6
  • 45
    • 49049140217 scopus 로고
    • High uric acid and urea clearance in cirrhosis secondary to increased "effective vascular volume"
    • Decaux G, Dumont I, Naeije N, Mols P, Melot C, Mockel J. High uric acid and urea clearance in cirrhosis secondary to increased "effective vascular volume". Am J Med. 1982;73(3):328-334.
    • (1982) Am. J. Med. , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 328-334
    • Decaux, G.1    Dumont, I.2    Naeije, N.3    Mols, P.4    Melot, C.5    Mockel, J.6
  • 46
    • 0025610401 scopus 로고
    • Decreased fractional excretion of urate as an indicator of prerenal azotemia
    • Fushimi K, Shichiri M, Marumo F. Decreased fractional excretion of urate as an indicator of prerenal azotemia. Am J Nephrol. 1990;10(6):489-494.
    • (1990) Am. J. Nephrol. , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 489-494
    • Fushimi, K.1    Shichiri, M.2    Marumo, F.3
  • 47
    • 0033128705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum uric acid level and fractional excretion of urate in fluid and electrolyte disturbances
    • Shichiri M, Hirata Y. Serum uric acid level and fractional excretion of urate in fluid and electrolyte disturbances. Rinsho Byori. 1999;47(5):417-423.
    • (1999) Rinsho Byori , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 417-423
    • Shichiri, M.1    Hirata, Y.2
  • 48
    • 0028249466 scopus 로고
    • Fractional excretion of trace lithium and uric acid in acute renal failure
    • Steinhäuslin F, Burnier M, Magnin JL, et al. Fractional excretion of trace lithium and uric acid in acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994;4(7):1429-1437.
    • (1994) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.4 , Issue.7 , pp. 1429-1437
    • Steinhäuslin, F.1    Burnier, M.2    Magnin, J.L.3
  • 49
    • 0036434909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Significance of the fractional excretion of urea in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure
    • Carvounis CP, Nisar S, Guro-Razuman S. Significance of the fractional excretion of urea in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. Kidney Int. 2002;62(6):2223-2229.
    • (2002) Kidney Int. , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 2223-2229
    • Carvounis, C.P.1    Nisar, S.2    Guro-Razuman, S.3
  • 50
    • 70350536898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The comparative benefits of the fractional excretion of urea and sodium in various azotemic oliguric states
    • Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Radcliff L, Carter TB. The comparative benefits of the fractional excretion of urea and sodium in various azotemic oliguric states. Nephron Clin Pract. 2009;114(2):c145-c150.
    • (2009) Nephron Clin. Pract. , vol.114 , Issue.2
    • Diskin, C.J.1    Stokes, T.J.2    Dansby, L.M.3    Radcliff, L.4    Carter, T.B.5
  • 51
    • 43049123830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of the fractional excretion of urea as a diagnostic tool in oliguric states
    • Diskin CJ, Stokes TJ, Dansby LM, Radcliff L, Carter TB. The evolution of the fractional excretion of urea as a diagnostic tool in oliguric states. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51(5):869-870.
    • (2008) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 869-870
    • Diskin, C.J.1    Stokes, T.J.2    Dansby, L.M.3    Radcliff, L.4    Carter, T.B.5
  • 52
    • 34548858177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea and fractional excretion of sodium in the evaluations of patients with acute kidney injury with or without diuretic treatment
    • Pepin MN, Bouchard J, Legault L, Ethier J. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea and fractional excretion of sodium in the evaluations of patients with acute kidney injury with or without diuretic treatment. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;50(4):566-573.
    • (2007) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.50 , Issue.4 , pp. 566-573
    • Pepin, M.N.1    Bouchard, J.2    Legault, L.3    Ethier, J.4
  • 53
    • 54049129578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T6092C polymorphism of SLC22A12 gene is associated with serum uric acid concentrations in Korean male subjects
    • Jang WC, Nam YH, Park SM, et al. T6092C polymorphism of SLC22A12 gene is associated with serum uric acid concentrations in Korean male subjects. Clin Chim Acta. 2008;398(1-2): 140-144.
    • (2008) Clin. Chim. Acta , vol.398 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 140-144
    • Jang, W.C.1    Nam, Y.H.2    Park, S.M.3
  • 55
    • 0025034265 scopus 로고
    • Effects of morphine on the renal handling of sodium and lithium in conscious rats
    • el-Awady ES, Walker LA. Effects of morphine on the renal handling of sodium and lithium in conscious rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990;254(3):957-961.
    • (1990) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.254 , Issue.3 , pp. 957-961
    • El-Awady, E.S.1    Walker, L.A.2
  • 56
    • 0242627333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal C-type natriuretic peptide and natriuretic peptide receptor B mRNA expression are affected by water deprivation in the Spinifex Hopping mouse
    • Heimeier RA, Donald JA. Renal C-type natriuretic peptide and natriuretic peptide receptor B mRNA expression are affected by water deprivation in the Spinifex Hopping mouse. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol. 2003;136(3):565-575.
    • (2003) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Mol. Integr. Physiol. , vol.136 , Issue.3 , pp. 565-575
    • Heimeier, R.A.1    Donald, J.A.2
  • 57
    • 77950321170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of the renal sympathetic nervous system in mediating renal ischemic injury-induced reductions in renal hemodynamic and excretory functions
    • Salman IM, Ameer OZ, Sattar MA, et al. Role of the renal sympathetic nervous system in mediating renal ischemic injury-induced reductions in renal hemodynamic and excretory functions. Pathology. 2010;42(3):259-266.
    • (2010) Pathology , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 259-266
    • Salman, I.M.1    Ameer, O.Z.2    Sattar, M.A.3
  • 58
    • 0034880230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of passive heat or exercise-induced dehydration on renal water and electrolyte excretion: The hormonal involvement
    • Melin B, Koulmann N, Jimenez C, et al. Comparison of passive heat or exercise-induced dehydration on renal water and electrolyte excretion: The hormonal involvement. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2001;85(3-4): 250-258.
    • (2001) Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. , vol.85 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 250-258
    • Melin, B.1    Koulmann, N.2    Jimenez, C.3
  • 60
    • 0000511765 scopus 로고
    • The excretion of urea in normal man and in subjects with glomerulonephritis
    • Chasis H, Smith HW. The excretion of urea in normal man and in subjects with glomerulonephritis. J Clin Invest. 1938;17(3):347-358.
    • (1938) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 347-358
    • Chasis, H.1    Smith, H.W.2
  • 61
    • 0001586222 scopus 로고
    • Back diffusion of urea in the mammalian kidney
    • Dole VP. Back diffusion of urea in the mammalian kidney. Am J Physiol. 1943;139:504-513.
    • (1943) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.139 , pp. 504-513
    • Dole, V.P.1
  • 63
    • 62749178632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UT-A expression in pars recta from a rat model of chronic renal failure
    • Zotta E, Ochoa F, Tironi Farinati C, et al. UT-A expression in pars recta from a rat model of chronic renal failure. J Nephrol. 2008;21(6):947-958.
    • (2008) J. Nephrol. , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 947-958
    • Zotta, E.1    Ochoa, F.2    Farinati, C.T.3
  • 64
    • 33947268484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urea and renal function in the 21st century: Insights from knockout mice
    • Fenton RA, Knepper MA. Urea and renal function in the 21st century: Insights from knockout mice. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(3):679-688.
    • (2007) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 679-688
    • Fenton, R.A.1    Knepper, M.A.2
  • 65
    • 34247624782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytokine-mediated regulation of urea transporters during experimental endotoxemia
    • Schmidt C, Hocherl K, Bucher M. Cytokine-mediated regulation of urea transporters during experimental endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2007;292(5):F1479-F1489.
    • (2007) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. , vol.292 , Issue.5
    • Schmidt, C.1    Hocherl, K.2    Bucher, M.3
  • 66
    • 0001543501 scopus 로고
    • Changes with age in renal function in adult men: I. Clearance of urea. II. Amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. III. Concentrating ability of the kidneys
    • Lewis WH, Alving AS. Changes with age in renal function in adult men: I. Clearance of urea. II. Amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. III. Concentrating ability of the kidneys. Am J Physiol. 1938;123:500-515.
    • (1938) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.123 , pp. 500-515
    • Lewis, W.H.1    Alving, A.S.2
  • 67
    • 33846693835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-related increase in plasma urea level and decrease in fractional urea excretion: Clinical application in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone
    • Musch W, Verfaillie L, Decaux G. Age-related increase in plasma urea level and decrease in fractional urea excretion: Clinical application in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1(5):909-914.
    • (2006) Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.1 , Issue.5 , pp. 909-914
    • Musch, W.1    Verfaillie, L.2    Decaux, G.3
  • 69
    • 0026776227 scopus 로고
    • Raised urea clearance in cirrhotic patients with high uric acid clearance is related to low salt excretion
    • Decaux G, Prospert F, Namias B, Schlesser M, Soupart A. Raised urea clearance in cirrhotic patients with high uric acid clearance is related to low salt excretion. Gut. 1992;33(8):1105-1108.
    • (1992) Gut , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 1105-1108
    • Decaux, G.1    Prospert, F.2    Namias, B.3    Schlesser, M.4    Soupart, A.5
  • 70
    • 41149149102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of UT-A1-mediated transepithelial urea flux in MDCK cells by lithium
    • Fröhlich O, Aggarwal D, Klein JD, et al. Stimulation of UT-A1-mediated transepithelial urea flux in MDCK cells by lithium. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2008;294(3):F518-F524.
    • (2008) Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. , vol.294 , Issue.3
    • Fröhlich, O.1    Aggarwal, D.2    Klein, J.D.3
  • 71
    • 1542378863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aldosterone decreases UT-A1 urea transporter expression via the mineralocorticoid receptor
    • Gertner RA, Klein JD, Bailey JL, et al. Aldosterone decreases UT-A1 urea transporter expression via the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15:558-565.
    • (2004) J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. , vol.15 , pp. 558-565
    • Gertner, R.A.1    Klein, J.D.2    Bailey, J.L.3
  • 72
    • 0027163031 scopus 로고
    • Uric acid metabolism and tubular sodium handling. Results from a population-based study
    • Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P, Farinaro E, Trevisan M. Uric acid metabolism and tubular sodium handling. Results from a population-based study. JAMA. 1993;270(3):354-359.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , Issue.3 , pp. 354-359
    • Cappuccio, F.P.1    Strazzullo, P.2    Farinaro, E.3    Trevisan, M.4
  • 73
    • 55249096942 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasma urate level is directly regulated by a voltage-driven urate efflux transporter URATv1 (SLC2A9) in humans
    • Anzai N, Ichida K, Jutabha P, et al. Plasma urate level is directly regulated by a voltage-driven urate efflux transporter URATv1 (SLC2A9) in humans. J Biol Chem. 2008;283(40):26834-26838.
    • (2008) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.283 , Issue.40 , pp. 26834-26838
    • Anzai, N.1    Ichida, K.2    Jutabha, P.3
  • 74
    • 46749102824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urate transport across the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules
    • Endou H, Anzai N. Urate transport across the apical membrane of renal proximal tubules. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2008;27(6):578-584.
    • (2008) Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 578-584
    • Endou, H.1    Anzai, N.2
  • 75
    • 40349096090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of renal uric acid excretion and gout
    • Taniguchi A, Kamatani N. Control of renal uric acid excretion and gout. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2008;20(2):192-197.
    • (2008) Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 192-197
    • Taniguchi, A.1    Kamatani, N.2
  • 76
    • 43049121374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple organic anion transporters contribute to net renal excretion of uric acid
    • Eraly SA, Vallon V, Rieg T, et al. Multiple organic anion transporters contribute to net renal excretion of uric acid. Physiol Genomics. 2008;33(2):180-192.
    • (2008) Physiol. Genomics , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 180-192
    • Eraly, S.A.1    Vallon, V.2    Rieg, T.3
  • 77
    • 56149092989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on renal handling of uric acid in rats
    • Li Y, Sato M, Yanagisawa Y, et al. Effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers on renal handling of uric acid in rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2008;23(4):263-270.
    • (2008) Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-270
    • Li, Y.1    Sato, M.2    Yanagisawa, Y.3
  • 79
    • 75749156653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of fenofibrate on uric acid metabolism and urate transporter 1
    • Uetake D, Ohno I, Ichida K, et al. Effect of fenofibrate on uric acid metabolism and urate transporter 1. Intern Med. 2010;49(2):89-94.
    • (2010) Intern. Med. , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 89-94
    • Uetake, D.1    Ohno, I.2    Ichida, K.3
  • 80
    • 0037114923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal underexcretion of uric acid is present in patients with apparent high urinary uric acid output
    • Perez-Ruiz F, Calabozo M, Erauskin GG, Ruibal A, Herrero-Beites AM. Renal underexcretion of uric acid is present in patients with apparent high urinary uric acid output. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;47(6):610-613.
    • (2002) Arthritis Rheum. , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 610-613
    • Perez-Ruiz, F.1    Calabozo, M.2    Erauskin, G.G.3    Ruibal, A.4    Herrero-Beites, A.M.5
  • 81
    • 0029831636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renal function and organic anion and cation transport during dehydration and/or food restriction in chickens
    • Radin MJ, Swayne DE, Gigliotti A, Hoepf T. Renal function and organic anion and cation transport during dehydration and/or food restriction in chickens. J Comp Physiol B. 1996;166(2):138-143.
    • (1996) J. Comp. Physiol. B. , vol.166 , Issue.2 , pp. 138-143
    • Radin, M.J.1    Swayne, D.E.2    Gigliotti, A.3    Hoepf, T.4
  • 82
    • 16644367982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uric acid elimination in the urine. Pathophysiological implications
    • Marangella M. Uric acid elimination in the urine. Pathophysiological implications. Contrib Nephrol. 2005;147:132-148.
    • (2005) Contrib Nephrol. , vol.147 , pp. 132-148
    • Marangella, M.1
  • 84
    • 49249137752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Value of fractional uric acid excretion in differential diagnosis of hyponatremic patients on diuretics
    • Fenske W, Störk S, Koschker AC, et al. Value of fractional uric acid excretion in differential diagnosis of hyponatremic patients on diuretics. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(8):2991-2997.
    • (2008) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.93 , Issue.8 , pp. 2991-2997
    • Fenske, W.1    Störk, S.2    Koschker, A.C.3
  • 85
    • 0028951450 scopus 로고
    • A micropuncture study of renal tubular lithium reabsorption in sodium-depleted rats
    • Walter SJ, Sampson B, Shirley DG. A micropuncture study of renal tubular lithium reabsorption in sodium-depleted rats. J Physiol. 1995;483(Pt 2):473-479.
    • (1995) J. Physiol. , vol.483 , Issue.2 PART , pp. 473-479
    • Walter, S.J.1    Sampson, B.2    Shirley, D.G.3
  • 86
    • 33645296825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A hypothesis linking sodium and lithium reabsorption in the distal nephron
    • Thomsen K, Shirley DG. A hypothesis linking sodium and lithium reabsorption in the distal nephron. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(4):869-880.
    • (2006) Nephrol. Dial Transplant , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 869-880
    • Thomsen, K.1    Shirley, D.G.2
  • 87
    • 0025253172 scopus 로고
    • A micropuncture study of proximal tubular transport of lithium during osmotic diuresis
    • Leyssac PP, Holstein-Rathlou NH, Skøtt P, Alfrey AC. A micropuncture study of proximal tubular transport of lithium during osmotic diuresis. Am J Physiol. 1990;258(4 Pt 2): F1090-F1095.
    • (1990) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.258 , Issue.2-4 PART
    • Leyssac, P.P.1    Holstein-Rathlou, N.H.2    Skøtt, P.3    Alfrey, A.C.4
  • 88
    • 0027053206 scopus 로고
    • A micropuncture study of renal lithium reabsorption: Effects of amiloride and furosemide
    • Shirley DG, Walter SJ, Sampson B. A micropuncture study of renal lithium reabsorption: Effects of amiloride and furosemide. Am J Physiol. 1992;263(6 Pt 2): F1128-F1133.
    • (1992) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.263 , Issue.2-6 PART
    • Shirley, D.G.1    Walter, S.J.2    Sampson, B.3
  • 89
    • 67449158754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amiloride blocks lithium entry through the sodium channel thereby attenuating the resultant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
    • Kortenoeven ML, Li Y, Shaw S, et al. Amiloride blocks lithium entry through the sodium channel thereby attenuating the resultant nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Kidney Int. 2009;76(1):44-53.
    • (2009) Kidney Int. , vol.76 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-53
    • Kortenoeven, M.L.1    Li, Y.2    Shaw, S.3
  • 90
    • 0027194113 scopus 로고
    • Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition stimulates lithium reabsorption in Henle's loop in rats
    • Boer WH, Fransen R, Boer P, de Roos R, Koomans HA. Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition stimulates lithium reabsorption in Henle's loop in rats. Kidney Int. 1993;43(2):301-306.
    • (1993) Kidney Int. , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 301-306
    • Boer, W.H.1    Fransen, R.2    Boer, P.3    De Roos, R.4    Koomans, H.A.5
  • 91
    • 33847020042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium intoxication: Assessment, treatment and prevention
    • Nielsen JB, Vestergaard P. Lithium intoxication: Assessment, treatment and prevention. Ugeskr Laeger. 2007;169(6):522.
    • (2007) Ugeskr Laeger , vol.169 , Issue.6 , pp. 522
    • Nielsen, J.B.1    Vestergaard, P.2
  • 92
    • 33744460797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium poisoning: Pharmacokinetics and clearance during different therapeutic measures
    • Eyer F, Pfab R, Felgenhauer N, et al. Lithium poisoning: Pharmacokinetics and clearance during different therapeutic measures. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26(3):325-330.
    • (2006) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-330
    • Eyer, F.1    Pfab, R.2    Felgenhauer, N.3
  • 93
    • 20344379478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug-drug interactions as a determinant of elevated lithium serum levels in daily clinical practice
    • Wilting I, Movig KL, Moolenaar M, et al. Drug-drug interactions as a determinant of elevated lithium serum levels in daily clinical practice. Bipolar Disord. 2005;7(3):274-280.
    • (2005) Bipolar Disord. , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 274-280
    • Wilting, I.1    Movig, K.L.2    Moolenaar, M.3
  • 94
    • 77958160092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loop diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors increased risk for hospitalization for lithium toxicity
    • Laville M. Loop diuretics and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors increased risk for hospitalization for lithium toxicity. ACP J Club. 2005;142(1):25.
    • (2005) ACP J. Club , vol.142 , Issue.1 , pp. 25
    • Laville, M.1
  • 95
    • 23844496122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glomerular and tubular function as a short-term effect of sirolimus treatment in the rat
    • Nielsen FT, Starklint H, Dieperink H. Impaired glomerular and tubular function as a short-term effect of sirolimus treatment in the rat. Am J Nephrol. 2005;25(4):411-416.
    • (2005) Am. J. Nephrol. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 411-416
    • Nielsen, F.T.1    Starklint, H.2    Dieperink, H.3
  • 96
    • 18844441490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of tubuloglomerular feedback in decompensated liver cirrhosis: Physiopathological implications
    • Sansoè G, Silvano S, Mengozzi G, et al. Loss of tubuloglomerular feedback in decompensated liver cirrhosis: Physiopathological implications. Dig Dis Sci. 2005;50(5):955-963.
    • (2005) Dig. Dis. Sci. , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 955-963
    • Sansoè, G.1    Silvano, S.2    Mengozzi, G.3
  • 97
    • 13444261055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early altered renal sodium handling determined by lithium clearance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): Role of renal nerves
    • Boer PA, Morelli JM, Figueiredo JF, Gontijo JA. Early altered renal sodium handling determined by lithium clearance in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): Role of renal nerves. Life Sci. 2005;76(16):1805-1815.
    • (2005) Life Sci. , vol.76 , Issue.16 , pp. 1805-1815
    • Boer, P.A.1    Morelli, J.M.2    Figueiredo, J.F.3    Gontijo, J.A.4
  • 98
    • 0015107085 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a humoral mechanism in volume expansion natriuresis
    • Kaloyanides GJ, Azer M. Evidence for a humoral mechanism in volume expansion natriuresis. J Clin Invest. 1971;50(8):1603-1612.
    • (1971) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.50 , Issue.8 , pp. 1603-1612
    • Kaloyanides, G.J.1    Azer, M.2
  • 99
    • 0042079413 scopus 로고
    • Excretion of sodium and water during osmotic diuresis in the dog
    • Wesson LG Jr, Anslow WP Jr. Excretion of sodium and water during osmotic diuresis in the dog. Am J Physiol. 1948;153(3):465-474.
    • (1948) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.153 , Issue.3 , pp. 465-474
    • Wesson Jr., L.G.1    Anslow Jr., W.P.2
  • 100
    • 0005952549 scopus 로고
    • Glomerular filtration and urea excretion in relation to urine flow in the dog
    • Shannon JA. Glomerular filtration and urea excretion in relation to urine flow in the dog. Am J Physiol. 1936;117:206-225.
    • (1936) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.117 , pp. 206-225
    • Shannon, J.A.1
  • 101
    • 17644378153 scopus 로고
    • Urea excretion in the normal dog during forced diuresis
    • Shannon JA. Urea excretion in the normal dog during forced diuresis. Am J Physiol. 1938;122:782-787.
    • (1938) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.122 , pp. 782-787
    • Shannon, J.A.1
  • 102
    • 0017289440 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological characterization of lithium reabsorption in the rat
    • Steele TH, Dudgeon KL, Larmore CK. Pharmacological characterization of lithium reabsorption in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1976;196(1):188-193.
    • (1976) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.196 , Issue.1 , pp. 188-193
    • Steele, T.H.1    Dudgeon, K.L.2    Larmore, C.K.3
  • 104
    • 0016823689 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relationship of renal glucose and sodium reabsorption during ECF expansion
    • Higgins JT Jr, Meinders AE. Quantitative relationship of renal glucose and sodium reabsorption during ECF expansion. Am J Physiol. 1975;229(1):66-71.
    • (1975) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.229 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-71
    • Higgins Jr., J.T.1    Meinders, A.E.2
  • 105
    • 0023579646 scopus 로고
    • Limited value of the fractional excretion of sodium test in the diagnosis of acute renal failure
    • Saha H, Mustonen J, Helin H, Pasternack A. Limited value of the fractional excretion of sodium test in the diagnosis of acute renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1987;2(2):79-82.
    • (1987) Nephrol. Dial Transplant , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-82
    • Saha, H.1    Mustonen, J.2    Helin, H.3    Pasternack, A.4
  • 107
    • 0022870310 scopus 로고
    • Low fractional excretion of sodium in acute renal failure: Role of timing of the test and ischemia
    • Brosius FC, Lau K. Low fractional excretion of sodium in acute renal failure: Role of timing of the test and ischemia. Am J Nephrol. 1986;6(6):450-457.
    • (1986) Am. J. Nephrol. , vol.6 , Issue.6 , pp. 450-457
    • Brosius, F.C.1    Lau, K.2
  • 109
    • 33747191398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of normal saline resuscitation on vital organ blood flow in septic sheep
    • DOI 10.1007/s00134-006-0232-4
    • Wan L, Bellomo R, May CN. The effect of normal saline resuscitation on vital organ blood flow in septic sheep. Intensive Care Med. 2006;32(8):1238- 1242. (Pubitemid 44232420)
    • (2006) Intensive Care Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.8 , pp. 1238-1242
    • Wan, L.1    Bellomo, R.2    May, C.N.3
  • 111
    • 33750541243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid resuscitation and the septic kidney
    • Bagshaw SM, Bellomo R. Fluid resuscitation and the septic kidney. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2006;12(6):527-530.
    • (2006) Curr. Opin. Crit. Care , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 527-530
    • Bagshaw, S.M.1    Bellomo, R.2
  • 112
    • 1842612035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low sodium excretion in SIADH patients with low diuresis
    • Musch W, Hedeshi A, Decaux G. Low sodium excretion in SIADH patients with low diuresis. Nephron Physiol. 2004;96(1):P11-P18.
    • (2004) Nephron Physiol. , vol.96 , Issue.1
    • Musch, W.1    Hedeshi, A.2    Decaux, G.3
  • 113
    • 67649518830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethnic differences in proximal and distal tubular sodium reabsorption are heritable in black and white populations
    • Bochud M, Staessen JA, Maillard M, et al. Ethnic differences in proximal and distal tubular sodium reabsorption are heritable in black and white populations. J Hypertens. 2009;27(3):606-612.
    • (2009) J. Hypertens , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 606-612
    • Bochud, M.1    Staessen, J.A.2    Maillard, M.3
  • 114
    • 0027528804 scopus 로고
    • Decreased lithium clearance in patients with hyperthyroidism
    • Owada A, Tomita K, Ujiie K, Akiba T, Marumo F. Decreased lithium clearance in patients with hyperthyroidism. Nephron. 1993;64(1):37-41.
    • (1993) Nephron , vol.64 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-41
    • Owada, A.1    Tomita, K.2    Ujiie, K.3    Akiba, T.4    Marumo, F.5
  • 115
    • 0029091287 scopus 로고
    • Combined fractional excretion of sodium and urea better predicts response to saline in hyponatremia than do usual clinical and biochemical parameters
    • Musch W, Thimpont J, Vandervelde D, Verhaeverbeke I, Berghmans T, Decaux G. Combined fractional excretion of sodium and urea better predicts response to saline in hyponatremia than do usual clinical and biochemical parameters. Am J Med. 1995;99(4):348-355.
    • (1995) Am. J. Med. , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 348-355
    • Musch, W.1    Thimpont, J.2    Vandervelde, D.3    Verhaeverbeke, I.4    Berghmans, T.5    Decaux, G.6
  • 117
    • 4544247884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of a human colonic cDNA encoding a structurally novel urea transporter, hUT-A6
    • Smith CP, Potter EA, Fenton RA, Stewart GS. Characterization of a human colonic cDNA encoding a structurally novel urea transporter, hUT-A6. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287(4):C1087-C1093.
    • (2004) Am. J. Physiol. Cell. Physiol. , vol.287 , Issue.4
    • Smith, C.P.1    Potter, E.A.2    Fenton, R.A.3    Stewart, G.S.4
  • 119
    • 70449623525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The validity of fractional excretion of uric acid in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury due to decreased kidney perfusion
    • Kosmadakis G, Viskaduraki M, Michail S. The validity of fractional excretion of uric acid in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury due to decreased kidney perfusion. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54(6):1186-1187.
    • (2009) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1186-1187
    • Kosmadakis, G.1    Viskaduraki, M.2    Michail, S.3
  • 120
    • 0030791242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial renal disease or familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy?
    • McBride MB, Simmonds HA, Moro F. Familial renal disease or familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy?. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997;20(3):351-353.
    • (1997) J. Inherit Metab. Dis. , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 351-353
    • McBride, M.B.1    Simmonds, H.A.2    Moro, F.3
  • 121
    • 43049150807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea and sodium in acute kidney injury
    • Schönermarck U, Kehl K, Samtleben W. Diagnostic performance of fractional excretion of urea and sodium in acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;51(5):870-871.
    • (2008) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 870-871
    • Schönermarck, U.1    Kehl, K.2    Samtleben, W.3
  • 122
    • 33750062049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary biochemistry and microscopy in septic acute renal failure: A systematic review
    • Bagshaw SM, Langenberg C, Bellomo R. Urinary biochemistry and microscopy in septic acute renal failure: A systematic review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48(5):695-705.
    • (2006) Am. J. Kidney Dis. , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 695-705
    • Bagshaw, S.M.1    Langenberg, C.2    Bellomo, R.3
  • 123
    • 34548260378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinflammatory cytokines cause down-regulation of renal chloride entry pathways during sepsis
    • Schmidt C, Höcherl K, Schweda F, Bucher M. Proinflammatory cytokines cause down-regulation of renal chloride entry pathways during sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(9):2110-2119.
    • (2007) Crit. Care Med. , vol.35 , Issue.9 , pp. 2110-2119
    • Schmidt, C.1    Höcherl, K.2    Schweda, F.3    Bucher, M.4
  • 124
    • 0028085227 scopus 로고
    • Use of urinary parameters in the diagnosis of total acute renal artery occlusion
    • Liaño F, Gámez C, Pascual J, et al. Use of urinary parameters in the diagnosis of total acute renal artery occlusion. Nephron. 1994;66(2):170-175.
    • (1994) Nephron , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 170-175
    • Liaño, F.1    Gámez, C.2    Pascual, J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.