메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 803-829

Mitochondrial hepatopathies

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 77958145877     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511547409.035     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (159)
  • 1
    • 0029638664 scopus 로고
    • Seminars in medicine of the beth israel hospital, boston. Mitochondrial dna and disease
    • Johns DR. Seminars in medicine of the Beth Israel Hospital, Boston. Mitochondrial DNA and disease. N Engl J Med 1995;333:638–44.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 638-644
    • Johns, D.R.1
  • 2
    • 0031713986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disorders of the mitochondria
    • Treem WR, Sokol RJ. Disorders of the mitochondria. Semin Liver Dis 1998;18:237–53.
    • (1998) Semin Liver Dis , vol.18 , pp. 237-253
    • Treem, W.R.1    Sokol, R.J.2
  • 3
    • 0027497228 scopus 로고
    • Identical mitochondrial dna deletion in mother with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and son with pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome
    • Bernes SM, Bacino C, Prezant TR, et al. Identical mitochondrial DNA deletion in mother with progressive external ophthalmoplegia and son with Pearson marrow-pancreas syndrome. J Pediatr 1993;123:598–602.
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.123 , pp. 598-602
    • Bernes, S.M.1    Bacino, C.2    Prezant, T.R.3
  • 5
    • 0028301915 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (Mngie): Clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder
    • Hirano M, Silvestri G, Blake DM, et al. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy (MNGIE): clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of an autosomal recessive mitochondrial disorder. Neurology 1994;44:721–7.
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , pp. 721-727
    • Hirano, M.1    Silvestri, G.2    Blake, D.M.3
  • 6
    • 0027477946 scopus 로고
    • Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases?
    • Beal MF, Hyman BT, Koroshetz W. Do defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism underlie the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases? Trends Neurosci 1993;16:125–31.
    • (1993) Trends Neurosci , vol.16 , pp. 125-131
    • Beal, M.F.1    Hyman, B.T.2    Koroshetz, W.3
  • 7
    • 0026587335 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial genetics: A paradigm for aging and degenerative diseases?
    • Wallace DC. Mitochondrial genetics: a paradigm for aging and degenerative diseases? Science 1992;256:628–32.
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 628-632
    • Wallace, D.C.1
  • 9
    • 0032037760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial genetics ’98 is the bottleneck cracked?
    • Poulton J, Macaulay V, Marchington DR. Mitochondrial genetics ’98 is the bottleneck cracked? Am J Hum Genet 1998;62: 752–7.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.62 , pp. 752-757
    • Poulton, J.1    Macaulay, V.2    Marchington, D.R.3
  • 10
    • 0033060854 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial genome: Structure, transcription, translation and replication
    • Taanman JW. The mitochondrial genome: structure, transcription, translation and replication. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1410:103–23.
    • (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1410 , pp. 103-123
    • Taanman, J.W.1
  • 11
    • 0034728096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders ii: Neurodegenerative disorders and nuclear gene defects
    • Leonard JV, Schapira AH. Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders II: neurodegenerative disorders and nuclear gene defects. Lancet 2000;355:389–94.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 389-394
    • Leonard, J.V.1    Schapira, A.H.2
  • 12
    • 0032504575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondria as regulators of apoptosis: Doubt no more
    • Susin SA, Zamzami N, Kroemer G. Mitochondria as regulators of apoptosis: doubt no more. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1366:151–65.
    • (1998) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1366 , pp. 151-165
    • Susin, S.A.1    Zamzami, N.2    Kroemer, G.3
  • 13
    • 0032788739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dna and disease
    • Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial DNA and disease. Lancet 1999;354 Suppl 1:SI17–21.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , Issue.1 , pp. SI17-SI21
    • Chinnery, P.F.1    Turnbull, D.M.2
  • 14
    • 0026320756 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial cytopathies and mitochondrial dna mutations
    • Aprille JR. Mitochondrial cytopathies and mitochondrial DNA mutations. Curr Opinion Pediatr 1991;3:1045–54.
    • (1991) Curr Opinion Pediatr , vol.3 , pp. 1045-1054
    • Aprille, J.R.1
  • 15
    • 0008550018 scopus 로고
    • The respiratory chain
    • Fernandes J, Saudurray JM, eds., Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Munnich A. The respiratory chain. In: Fernandes J, Saudurray JM, eds. Inborn metabolic diseases: diagnosis and treatment. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995:121–31.
    • (1995) Inborn Metabolic Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment , pp. 121-131
    • Munnich, A.1
  • 17
    • 0023883150 scopus 로고
    • Deletions of muscle mitochondrial dna in patients with mitochondrial myopathies
    • Holt IJ, Harding AE, Morgan-Hughes JA. Deletions of muscle mitochondrial DNA in patients with mitochondrial myopathies. Nature 1988;331:717–19.
    • (1988) Nature , vol.331 , pp. 717-719
    • Holt, I.J.1    Harding, A.E.2    Morgan-Hughes, J.A.3
  • 18
    • 0024242545 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dnamutation associated with leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
    • Wallace DC, Singh G, Lott MT, et al. Mitochondrial DNAmutation associated with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy. Science 1988;242:1427–30.
    • (1988) Science , vol.242 , pp. 1427-1430
    • Wallace, D.C.1    Singh, G.2    Lott, M.T.3
  • 19
    • 0032965396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dna analysis: Polymorphisms and pathogenicity
    • Chinnery PF, Howell N, Andrews RM, Turnbull DM. Mitochondrial DNA analysis: polymorphisms and pathogenicity. J Med Genet 1999;36:505–10.
    • (1999) J Med Genet , vol.36 , pp. 505-510
    • Chinnery, P.F.1    Howell, N.2    Rews, R.M.3    Turnbull, D.M.4
  • 20
    • 0033862962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of pathogenic mitochondrial dna mutations
    • Chinnery PF, Johnson MA, Wardell TM, et al. The epidemiology of pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutations. Ann Neurol 2000;48:188–93.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 188-193
    • Chinnery, P.F.1    Johnson, M.A.2    Wardell, T.M.3
  • 21
    • 0035092240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood: Clinical features and morphological, biochemical, and dna anbormalities
    • Darin N, Oldfors A, Moslemi AR, et al. The incidence of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood: clinical features and morphological, biochemical, and DNA anbormalities. Ann Neurol 2001;49:377–83.
    • (2001) Ann Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 377-383
    • Darin, N.1    Oldfors, A.2    Moslemi, A.R.3
  • 22
    • 0032231623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of a3243g, the mutation for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: Prevalence of the mutation in an adult population
    • Majamaa K, Moilanen JS, Uimonen S, et al. Epidemiology of A3243G, the mutation for mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes: prevalence of the mutation in an adult population. Am J Hum Genet 1998;63:447–54.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 447-454
    • Majamaa, K.1    Moilanen, J.S.2    Uimonen, S.3
  • 23
    • 0034058869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Childhood encephalopathies andmyopathies: A prospective study in a defined population to assess the frequency of mitochondrial disorders
    • Uusimaa J, Remes AM, Rantala H, et al. Childhood encephalopathies andmyopathies: a prospective study in a defined population to assess the frequency of mitochondrial disorders. Pediatrics 2000;105:598–603.
    • (2000) Pediatrics , vol.105 , pp. 598-603
    • Uusimaa, J.1    Remes, A.M.2    Rantala, H.3
  • 24
    • 0034956801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and treatment of mitochondrial disorders
    • Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM. Epidemiology and treatment of mitochondrial disorders. Am J Med Genet 2001;106:94–101.
    • (2001) Am J Med Genet , vol.106 , pp. 94-101
    • Chinnery, P.F.1    Turnbull, D.M.2
  • 25
    • 17344365132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demonstration of a new pathogenic mutation in human complex i deficiency: A 5-bp duplication in the nuclear gene encoding the 18-k d (aqdq) subunit
    • van den Heuvel L, Ruitenbeek W, Smeets R, et al. Demonstration of a new pathogenic mutation in human complex I deficiency: a 5-bp duplication in the nuclear gene encoding the 18-k D (AQDQ) subunit. Am J Hum Genet 1998;62:262–8.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.62 , pp. 262-268
    • Van Den Heuvel, L.1    Ruitenbeek, W.2    Smeets, R.3
  • 26
    • 0032977683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant ndufv1 subunit of mitochondrial complex i causes leukodystrophy and myoclonic epilepsy
    • Schuelke M, Smeitink J, Mariman E, et al. Mutant NDUFV1 subunit of mitochondrial complex I causes leukodystrophy and myoclonic epilepsy. Nat Genet 1999;21:260–1.
    • (1999) Nat Genet , vol.21 , pp. 260-261
    • Schuelke, M.1    Smeitink, J.2    Mariman, E.3
  • 27
    • 0030750011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new case of multiple mitochondrial enzyme deficiencies with decreased amount of heat shock protein 60
    • Briones P, Vilaseca MA, Ribes A, et al. A new case of multiple mitochondrial enzyme deficiencies with decreased amount of heat shock protein 60. J Inherit Metab Dis 1997;20(4):569–577.
    • (1997) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 569-577
    • Briones, P.1    Vilaseca, M.A.2    Ribes, A.3
  • 29
    • 17344362021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surf1, encoding a factor involved in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase, is mutated in leigh syndrome
    • Zhu Z, Yao J, Johns T, et al. SURF1, encoding a factor involved in the biogenesis of cytochrome c oxidase, is mutated in Leigh syndrome. Nat Genet 1998;20:337–43.
    • (1998) Nat Genet , vol.20 , pp. 337-343
    • Zhu, Z.1    Yao, J.2    Johns, T.3
  • 30
    • 0029869935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid in a family with fatal neonatal liver disease
    • Bakker HD, Scholte HR, Dingemans KP, et al. Depletion of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid in a family with fatal neonatal liver disease. J Pediatr 1996;128:683–7.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.128 , pp. 683-687
    • Bakker, H.D.1    Scholte, H.R.2    Dingemans, K.P.3
  • 31
    • 0027679504 scopus 로고
    • Fatal neonatal liver failure and mitochondrial cytopathy (Oxidative phosphorylation deficiency): A light and electron microscopic study of the liver
    • Bioulac-Sage P, Parrot-Roulaud F, Mazat JP, et al. Fatal neonatal liver failure and mitochondrial cytopathy (oxidative phosphorylation deficiency): a light and electron microscopic study of the liver. Hepatology 1993;18:839–46.
    • (1993) Hepatology , vol.18 , pp. 839-846
    • Bioulac-Sage, P.1    Parrot-Roulaud, F.2    Mazat, J.P.3
  • 32
    • 0025880926 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic failure in disorders of oxidative phosphorylation with neonatal onset
    • Cormier V, Rustin P, Bonnefont JP, et al. Hepatic failure in disorders of oxidative phosphorylation with neonatal onset. J Pediatr 1991;119:951–4.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.119 , pp. 951-954
    • Cormier, V.1    Rustin, P.2    Bonnefont, J.P.3
  • 33
    • 0030817294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neonatal and delayed-onset liver involvement in disorders of oxidative phosphorylation
    • Cormier-Daire V, Chretien D, Rustin P, et al. Neonatal and delayed-onset liver involvement in disorders of oxidative phosphorylation. J Pediatr 1997;130:817–22.
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.130 , pp. 817-822
    • Cormier-Daire, V.1    Chretien, D.2    Rustin, P.3
  • 34
    • 0026712925 scopus 로고
    • Fatal neonatal liver failure and mitochondrial cytopathy: An observation with antenatal ascites
    • Fayon M, Lamireau T, Bioulac-Sage P, et al. Fatal neonatal liver failure and mitochondrial cytopathy: an observation with antenatal ascites. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1332–5.
    • (1992) Gastroenterology , vol.103 , pp. 1332-1335
    • Fayon, M.1    Lamireau, T.2    Bioulac-Sage, P.3
  • 35
    • 0030895878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe complex i deficiency in a case of neonatal-onset lactic acidosis and fatal liver failure
    • Mazzella M, Cerone R, Bonacci W, et al. Severe complex I deficiency in a case of neonatal-onset lactic acidosis and fatal liver failure. Acta Paediatr 1997;86:326–9.
    • (1997) Acta Paediatr , vol.86 , pp. 326-329
    • Mazzella, M.1    Cerone, R.2    Bonacci, W.3
  • 36
    • 0029778849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentation of mitochondrial disorders in childhood
    • Munnich A, Rotig A, Chretien D, et al. Clinical presentation of mitochondrial disorders in childhood. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19:521–7.
    • (1996) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.19 , pp. 521-527
    • Munnich, A.1    Rotig, A.2    Chretien, D.3
  • 37
    • 0025784069 scopus 로고
    • Fatal hepatic failure with lactic acidaemia, fanconi syndrome and defective activity of succinate:Cytochrome c reductase
    • Vilaseca MA, Briones P, Ribes A, et al. Fatal hepatic failure with lactic acidaemia, Fanconi syndrome and defective activity of succinate:cytochrome c reductase. J Inherit Metab Dis 1991;14:285–8.
    • (1991) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.14 , pp. 285-288
    • Vilaseca, M.A.1    Briones, P.2    Ribes, A.3
  • 38
    • 0041331636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antenatal manifestations of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency
    • von Kleist-Retzow JC, Cormier-Daire V, Viot G, et al. Antenatal manifestations of mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency. J Pediatr 2003;143:208–12.
    • (2003) J Pediatr , vol.143 , pp. 208-212
    • Von Kleist-Retzow, J.C.1    Cormier-Daire, V.2    Viot, G.3
  • 39
    • 0031899233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generalised mitochondrial cytopathy is an absolute contraindication to orthotopic liver transplant in childhood
    • Thomson M, Mc Kiernan P, Buckels J, et al. Generalised mitochondrial cytopathy is an absolute contraindication to orthotopic liver transplant in childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1998;26:478–81.
    • (1998) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.26 , pp. 478-481
    • Thomson, M.1    Mc Kiernan, P.2    Buckels, J.3
  • 40
    • 0032722918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver transplantation in mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders
    • Sokal EM, Sokol R, Cormier V, et al. Liver transplantation in mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Eur J Pediatr 1999;158 Suppl 2:S81–4.
    • (1999) Eur J Pediatr , vol.158 , Issue.2 , pp. S81-S84
    • Sokal, E.M.1    Sokol, R.2    Cormier, V.3
  • 41
    • 0029086830 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiratory chain defect: A new etiology for neonatal cholestasis and early liver insufficiency
    • Goncalves I, Hermans D, Chretien D, et al. Mitochondrial respiratory chain defect: a new etiology for neonatal cholestasis and early liver insufficiency. J Hepatol 1995;23:290–4.
    • (1995) J Hepatol , vol.23 , pp. 290-294
    • Goncalves, I.1    Hermans, D.2    Chretien, D.3
  • 42
    • 0033754154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations of the sco1 gene in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase deficiency with neonatal-onset hepatic failure and encephalopathy
    • Valnot I, Osmond S, Gigarel N, et al. Mutations of the SCO1 gene in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase deficiency with neonatal-onset hepatic failure and encephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet 2000;67:1104–9.
    • (2000) Am J Hum Genet , vol.67 , pp. 1104-1109
    • Valnot, I.1    Osmond, S.2    Gigarel, N.3
  • 43
    • 0027972568 scopus 로고
    • Valproate-induced hepatic failure in a case of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency
    • Chabrol B, Mancini J, Chretien D, et al. Valproate-induced hepatic failure in a case of cytochrome c oxidase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 1994;153:133–5.
    • (1994) Eur J Pediatr , vol.153 , pp. 133-135
    • Chabrol, B.1    Mancini, J.2    Chretien, D.3
  • 44
    • 17944381521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mutant mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly protein causes complex iii deficiency in patients with tubulopathy, encephalopathy and liver failure
    • de Lonlay P, Valnot I, Barrientos A, et al. A mutant mitochondrial respiratory chain assembly protein causes complex III deficiency in patients with tubulopathy, encephalopathy and liver failure. Nat Genet 2001;29:57–60.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 57-60
    • De Lonlay, P.1    Valnot, I.2    Barrientos, A.3
  • 45
    • 10744225420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of complex iii deficiency due tomutations in the bcs1l gene
    • De Meirleir L, Seneca S, Damis E, et al. Clinical and diagnostic characteristics of complex III deficiency due tomutations in the BCS1L gene. Am J Med Genet A 2003;121:126–31.
    • (2003) Am J Med Genet A , vol.121 , pp. 126-131
    • De Meirleir, L.1    Seneca, S.2    Damis, E.3
  • 46
    • 0032923497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of mitochondrial dna associated with infantile cholestasis and progressive liver fibrosis
    • Ducluzeau PH, Lachaux A, Bouvier R, et al. Depletion of mitochondrial DNA associated with infantile cholestasis and progressive liver fibrosis. J Hepatol 1999;30:149–55.
    • (1999) J Hepatol , vol.30 , pp. 149-155
    • Ducluzeau, P.H.1    Lachaux, A.2    Bouvier, R.3
  • 47
    • 0029980584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of mitochondrial dna in the liver of a patient with lactic acidemia and hypoketotic hypoglycemia
    • Maaswinkel-Mooij PD, Van den Bogert C, Scholte HR, et al. Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in the liver of a patient with lactic acidemia and hypoketotic hypoglycemia. J Pediatr 1996;128:679–83.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.128 , pp. 679-683
    • Maaswinkel-Mooij, P.D.1    Van Den Bogert, C.2    Scholte, H.R.3
  • 48
    • 0026480006 scopus 로고
    • Fatal infantile liver failure associated with mitochondrial dna depletion
    • Mazziotta MR, Ricci E, Bertini E, et al. Fatal infantile liver failure associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion. J Pediatr 1992;121:896–901.
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.121 , pp. 896-901
    • Mazziotta, M.R.1    Ricci, E.2    Bertini, E.3
  • 49
    • 0036222032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Depletion of mitochondrial dna in the liver of an infant with neonatal giant cell hepatitis
    • Muller-Hocker J, Muntau A, Schafer S, et al. Depletion of mitochondrial DNA in the liver of an infant with neonatal giant cell hepatitis. Hum Pathol 2002;33:247–53.
    • (2002) Hum Pathol , vol.33 , pp. 247-253
    • Muller-Hocker, J.1    Muntau, A.2    Schafer, S.3
  • 50
    • 0026015896 scopus 로고
    • Mt dna depletion with variable tissue expression: A novel genetic abnormality in mitochondrial diseases
    • Moraes CT, Shanske S, Tritschler HJ, et al. mt DNA depletion with variable tissue expression: a novel genetic abnormality in mitochondrial diseases. Am J Hum Genet 1991;48:492–501.
    • (1991) Am J Hum Genet , vol.48 , pp. 492-501
    • Moraes, C.T.1    Shanske, S.2    Tritschler, H.J.3
  • 51
  • 52
    • 0031971261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver failure associated with mitochondrial dna depletion
    • Morris AA, Taanman JW, Blake J, et al. Liver failure associated with mitochondrial DNA depletion. J Hepatol 1998;28:556–63.
    • (1998) J Hepatol , vol.28 , pp. 556-563
    • Morris, A.A.1    Taanman, J.W.2    Blake, J.3
  • 53
    • 0034813658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hepatic mitochondrial dna depletion syndrome: Ultrastructural changes in liver biopsies
    • Mandel H, Hartman C, Berkowitz D, et al. The hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome: ultrastructural changes in liver biopsies. Hepatology 2001;34:776–84.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 776-784
    • Mandel, H.1    Hartman, C.2    Berkowitz, D.3
  • 54
    • 0035668367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute liver failure in infancy: A 14-year experience of a pediatric liver transplantation center
    • Durand P, Debray D, Mandel R, et al. Acute liver failure in infancy: a 14-year experience of a pediatric liver transplantation center. J Pediatr 2001;139:871–6.
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.139 , pp. 871-876
    • Durand, P.1    Debray, D.2    Mandel, R.3
  • 55
    • 0027496432 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear complementation restores mt dna levels in cultured cells from a patient with mt dna depletion
    • Bodnar AG, Cooper JM, Holt IJ, et al. Nuclear complementation restores mt DNA levels in cultured cells from a patient with mt DNA depletion. Am J Hum Genet 1993;53:663–9.
    • (1993) Am J Hum Genet , vol.53 , pp. 663-669
    • Bodnar, A.G.1    Cooper, J.M.2    Holt, I.J.3
  • 56
    • 0030927245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms in mitochondrial dna depletion syndrome
    • Taanman JW, Bodnar AG, Cooper JM, et al. Molecular mechanisms in mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 1997;6:935–42.
    • (1997) Hum Mol Genet , vol.6 , pp. 935-942
    • Taanman, J.W.1    Bodnar, A.G.2    Cooper, J.M.3
  • 57
    • 0033858066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and submitochondrial localization of human deoxyguanosine kinase
    • Jullig M, Eriksson S. Mitochondrial and submitochondrial localization of human deoxyguanosine kinase. Eur J Biochem 2000;267:5466–72.
    • (2000) Eur J Biochem , vol.267 , pp. 5466-5472
    • Jullig, M.1    Eriksson, S.2
  • 58
    • 0032994472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human thymidine kinase 2: Molecular cloning and characterisation of the enzymeactivitywith antiviral and cytostatic nucleoside substrates
    • Wang L, Munch-Petersen B, Herrstrom Sjoberg A, et al. Human thymidine kinase 2: molecular cloning and characterisation of the enzymeactivitywith antiviral and cytostatic nucleoside substrates. FEBS Lett 1999;443:170–4.
    • (1999) FEBS Lett , vol.443 , pp. 170-174
    • Wang, L.1    Munch-Petersen, B.2    Herrstrom Sjoberg, A.3
  • 59
    • 0035183256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The deoxyguanosine kinase gene is mutated in individuals with depleted hepatocerebral mitochondrial dna
    • Mandel H, Szargel R, Labay V, et al. The deoxyguanosine kinase gene is mutated in individuals with depleted hepatocerebral mitochondrial DNA. Nat Genet 2001;29:337–41.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 337-341
    • Mandel, H.1    Szargel, R.2    Labay, V.3
  • 60
    • 0035179561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant mitochondrial thymidine kinase in mitochondrial dna depletion myopathy
    • Saada A, Shaag A, Mandel H, et al. Mutant mitochondrial thymidine kinase in mitochondrial DNA depletion myopathy. Nat Genet 2001;29:342–4.
    • (2001) Nat Genet , vol.29 , pp. 342-344
    • Saada, A.1    Shaag, A.2    Mandel, H.3
  • 61
    • 0036714964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dna depletion and d gk gene mutations
    • Salviati L, Sacconi S, Mancuso M, et al. Mitochondrial DNA depletion and d GK gene mutations. Ann Neurol 2002;52:311–17.
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , pp. 311-317
    • Salviati, L.1    Sacconi, S.2    Mancuso, M.3
  • 62
    • 20144388894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infantile hepatocerebral syndromes associated withmutations in the mitochondrial dna polymerase-gamma a
    • Ferrari G, Lamantea E, Donati A, et al. Infantile hepatocerebral syndromes associated withmutations in the mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma A. Brain 2005;128:723–31.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 723-731
    • Ferrari, G.1    Lamantea, E.2    Donati, A.3
  • 63
    • 33745713884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations of the mitochondrial polymerase gamma gene
    • Horvath R, Hudson G, Ferrari G, et al. Phenotypic spectrum associated with mutations of the mitochondrial polymerase gamma gene. Brain 2006;129:1674–84.
    • (2006) Brain , vol.129 , pp. 1674-1684
    • Horvath, R.1    Hudson, G.2    Ferrari, G.3
  • 64
    • 2142705756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polg mutations associated with alpers’ syndromeand mitochondrial dnadepletion
    • Naviaux RK, Nguyen KV. POLG mutations associated with Alpers’ syndromeand mitochondrial DNAdepletion. Ann Neurol 2004;55:706–12.
    • (2004) Ann Neurol , vol.55 , pp. 706-712
    • Naviaux, R.K.1    Nguyen, K.V.2
  • 65
    • 33646376465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mpv17 encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein and is mutated in infantile hepatic mitochondrial dna depletion
    • Spinazzola A, Viscomi C, Fernandez-Vizarra E, et al. MPV17 encodes an inner mitochondrial membrane protein and is mutated in infantile hepatic mitochondrial DNA depletion. Nat Genet 2006;38:570–5.
    • (2006) Nat Genet , vol.38 , pp. 570-575
    • Spinazzola, A.1    Viscomi, C.2    Fernandez-Vizarra, E.3
  • 66
    • 0000238410 scopus 로고
    • Diffuse progressive degeneration of the gray matter of the cerebrum
    • Alpers BJ. Diffuse progressive degeneration of the gray matter of the cerebrum. Arch Neurol Psychiatr 1931;25:469–505.
    • (1931) Arch Neurol Psychiatr , vol.25 , pp. 469-505
    • Alpers, B.J.1
  • 67
    • 0022510479 scopus 로고
    • Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhoodwith liver disease (“alpers’ disease”): Characteristic neurophysiological features
    • Boyd SG, Harden A, Egger J, Pampiglione G. Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhoodwith liver disease (“Alpers’ disease”): characteristic neurophysiological features. Neuropediatrics 1986;17:75–80.
    • (1986) Neuropediatrics , vol.17 , pp. 75-80
    • Boyd, S.G.1    Harden, A.2    Egger, J.3    Pampiglione, G.4
  • 68
    • 0023145963 scopus 로고
    • Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood (Pndc) with liver disease
    • Egger J, Harding BN, Boyd SG, et al. Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood (PNDC) with liver disease. Clin Pediatr 1987;26:167–73.
    • (1987) Clin Pediatr , vol.26 , pp. 167-173
    • Egger, J.1    Harding, B.N.2    Boyd, S.G.3
  • 69
    • 0024999128 scopus 로고
    • Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease (Alpers–huttenlocher syndrome): A personal review
    • Harding BN. Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood with liver disease (Alpers–Huttenlocher syndrome): a personal review. J Child Neurol 1990;5:273–87.
    • (1990) J Child Neurol , vol.5 , pp. 273-287
    • Harding, B.N.1
  • 70
    • 0022646267 scopus 로고
    • Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhoodwith liver disease. Apathological study
    • Harding BN, Egger J, Portmann B, Erdohazi M. Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhoodwith liver disease. Apathological study. Brain 1986;109:181–206.
    • (1986) Brain , vol.109 , pp. 181-206
    • Harding, B.N.1    Egger, J.2    Portmann, B.3    Erdohazi, M.4
  • 71
    • 0017260560 scopus 로고
    • Infantile diffuse cerebral degeneration with hepatic cirrhosis
    • Hattenlocher PR, Solitare GB, Adams G. Infantile diffuse cerebral degeneration with hepatic cirrhosis. Arch Neurol 1976; 33:186–92.
    • (1976) Arch Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 186-192
    • Hattenlocher, P.R.1    Solitare, G.B.2    Adams, G.3
  • 72
    • 0025807180 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood. I. biochemical and morphologic investigations
    • Tulinius MH, Holme E, Kristiansson B, et al. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood. I. Biochemical and morphologic investigations. J Pediatr 1991;119:242–50.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.119 , pp. 242-250
    • Tulinius, M.H.1    Holme, E.2    Kristiansson, B.3
  • 73
    • 33746891876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular diagnosis of alpers syndrome
    • Nguyen KV, Sharief FS, Chan SS, et al. Molecular diagnosis of Alpers syndrome. J Hepatol 2006;45:108–16.
    • (2006) J Hepatol , vol.45 , pp. 108-116
    • Nguyen, K.V.1    Sharief, F.S.2    Chan, S.S.3
  • 75
    • 0027417729 scopus 로고
    • Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood (Alpers syndrome) with hepatic cirrhosis
    • Wilson DC, Mc Gibben D, Hicks EM, Allen IV. Progressive neuronal degeneration of childhood (Alpers syndrome) with hepatic cirrhosis. Eur J Pediatr 1993;152:260–2.
    • (1993) Eur J Pediatr , vol.152 , pp. 260-262
    • Wilson, D.C.1    Mc Gibben, D.2    Hicks, E.M.3    Allen, I.V.4
  • 76
    • 0026469782 scopus 로고
    • Early childhood hepatocerebral degeneration misdiagnosed as valproate hepatotoxicity
    • Bicknese AR, May W, Hickey WF, Dodson WE. Early childhood hepatocerebral degeneration misdiagnosed as valproate hepatotoxicity. Ann Neurol 1992;32:767–75.
    • (1992) Ann Neurol , vol.32 , pp. 767-775
    • Bicknese, A.R.1    May, W.2    Hickey, W.F.3    Dodson, W.E.4
  • 77
    • 20444370205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polgmutations and alpers syndrome
    • Davidzon G, Mancuso M, Ferraris S, et al. POLGmutations and Alpers syndrome. Ann Neurol 2005;57:921–3.
    • (2005) Ann Neurol , vol.57 , pp. 921-923
    • Davidzon, G.1    Mancuso, M.2    Ferraris, S.3
  • 78
    • 0018712317 scopus 로고
    • A new syndrome of refractory sideroblastic anemia with vacuolization of marrow precursors and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction
    • Pearson HA, Lobel JS, Kocoshis SA, et al. A new syndrome of refractory sideroblastic anemia with vacuolization of marrow precursors and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. J Pediatr 1979;95:976–84.
    • (1979) J Pediatr , vol.95 , pp. 976-984
    • Pearson, H.A.1    Lobel, J.S.2    Kocoshis, S.A.3
  • 80
    • 0025133424 scopus 로고
    • Pearson’smarrow–pancreas syndrome. A multisystem mitochondrial disorder in infancy
    • Rotig A, Cormier V, Blanche S, et al. Pearson’smarrow–pancreas syndrome. A multisystem mitochondrial disorder in infancy. J Clin Invest 1990;86:1601–8.
    • (1990) J Clin Invest , vol.86 , pp. 1601-1608
    • Rotig, A.1    Cormier, V.2    Blanche, S.3
  • 81
    • 0027158067 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and genetic analyses of two patients with pearson’s marrow-pancreas syndrome
    • Sano T, Ban K, Ichiki T, et al. Molecular and genetic analyses of two patients with Pearson’s marrow-pancreas syndrome. Pediatr Res 1993;34:105–10.
    • (1993) Pediatr Res , vol.34 , pp. 105-110
    • Sano, T.1    Ban, K.2    Ichiki, T.3
  • 82
    • 0025769336 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood. Ii. clinical manifestations and syndromes
    • Tulinius MH, Holme E, Kristiansson B, et al. Mitochondrial encephalomyopathies in childhood. II. Clinical manifestations and syndromes. J Pediatr 1991;119:251–9.
    • (1991) J Pediatr , vol.119 , pp. 251-259
    • Tulinius, M.H.1    Holme, E.2    Kristiansson, B.3
  • 83
    • 0025968682 scopus 로고
    • Pearson syndrome and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in a patientwith a deletion of mt dna
    • Mc Shane MA, Hammans SR, Sweeney M, et al. Pearson syndrome and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in a patientwith a deletion of mt DNA. Am J Hum Genet 1991;48:39–42.
    • (1991) Am J Hum Genet , vol.48 , pp. 39-42
    • Mc Shane, M.A.1    Hammans, S.R.2    Sweeney, M.3
  • 84
    • 0028156783 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial dna rearrangements with onset as chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy
    • Cormier-Daire V, Bonnefont JP, Rustin P, et al. Mitochondrial DNA rearrangements with onset as chronic diarrhea with villous atrophy. J Pediatr 1994;124:63–70.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.124 , pp. 63-70
    • Cormier-Daire, V.1    Bonnefont, J.P.2    Rustin, P.3
  • 85
    • 0020598294 scopus 로고
    • Inherited ophthalmoplegia with intestinal pseudo-obstruction
    • Ionasescu V, Thompson SH, Ionasescu R, et al. Inherited ophthalmoplegia with intestinal pseudo-obstruction. J Neurol Sci 1983;59:215–28.
    • (1983) J Neurol Sci , vol.59 , pp. 215-228
    • Ionasescu, V.1    Thompson, S.H.2    Ionasescu, R.3
  • 86
    • 0033945199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defects of intergenomic communication: Where do we stand?
    • Hirano M, Vu TH. Defects of intergenomic communication: where do we stand? Brain Pathol 2000;10:451–61.
    • (2000) Brain Pathol , vol.10 , pp. 451-461
    • Hirano, M.1    Vu, T.H.2
  • 87
    • 0023927307 scopus 로고
    • Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and ophthalmoplegia in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy
    • Cervera R, Bruix J, Bayes A, et al. Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction and ophthalmoplegia in a patient with mitochondrial myopathy. Gut 1988;29:544–7.
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 544-547
    • Cervera, R.1    Bruix, J.2    Bayes, A.3
  • 88
    • 0026602653 scopus 로고
    • Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction withmyopathy and ophthalmoplegia. Amuscular biochemical study of a mitochondrial disorder
    • Li V, Hostein J, Romero NB, et al. Chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction withmyopathy and ophthalmoplegia. Amuscular biochemical study of a mitochondrial disorder. Dig Dis Sci 1992;37:456–63.
    • (1992) Dig Dis Sci , vol.37 , pp. 456-463
    • Li, V.1    Hostein, J.2    Romero, N.B.3
  • 89
    • 0036736426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and management of mngie syndrome in children: Case report and review of the literature
    • Teitelbaum JE, Berde CB, Nurko S, et al. Diagnosis and management of MNGIE syndrome in children: case report and review of the literature. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2002;35:377–83.
    • (2002) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 377-383
    • Teitelbaum, J.E.1    Berde, C.B.2    Nurko, S.3
  • 90
    • 0032231702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy syndrome maps to chromosome 22q13. 32-qter
    • Hirano M, Garcia-de-Yebenes J, Jones AC, et al. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy syndrome maps to chromosome 22q13. 32-qter. Am J Hum Genet 1998;63:526–33.
    • (1998) Am J Hum Genet , vol.63 , pp. 526-533
    • Hirano, M.1    Garcia-De-Yebenes, J.2    Jones, A.C.3
  • 91
    • 0033613865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymidine phosphorylase gene mutations in mngie, a human mitochondrial disorder
    • Nishino I, Spinazzola A, Hirano M. Thymidine phosphorylase gene mutations in MNGIE, a human mitochondrial disorder. Science 1999;283:689–92.
    • (1999) Science , vol.283 , pp. 689-692
    • Nishino, I.1    Spinazzola, A.2    Hirano, M.3
  • 92
    • 0034096975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: An autosomal recessive disorder due to thymidine phosphorylase mutations
    • Nishino I, Spinazzola A, Papadimitriou A, et al. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: an autosomal recessive disorder due to thymidine phosphorylase mutations. Ann Neurol 2000;47:792–800.
    • (2000) Ann Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 792-800
    • Nishino, I.1    Spinazzola, A.2    Papadimitriou, A.3
  • 93
    • 0032529047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thymidine phosphorylase, 2-deoxy-dribose and angiogenesis
    • Brown NS, Bicknell R. Thymidine phosphorylase, 2-deoxy-Dribose and angiogenesis. Biochem J 1998;334:1–8.
    • (1998) Biochem J , vol.334 , pp. 1-8
    • Brown, N.S.1    Bicknell, R.2
  • 94
    • 18544374728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered thymidine metabolism due to defects of thymidine phosphorylase
    • Spinazzola A, Marti R, Nishino I, et al. Altered thymidine metabolism due to defects of thymidine phosphorylase. J Biol Chem 2002;277:4128–33.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 4128-4133
    • Spinazzola, A.1    Marti, R.2    Nishino, I.3
  • 95
    • 33644871686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: Evidence of mitochondrial dna depletion in the small intestine
    • Giordano C, Sebastiani M, Plazzi G, et al. Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalomyopathy: evidence of mitochondrial DNA depletion in the small intestine. Gastroenterology 2006;130:893–901.
    • (2006) Gastroenterology , vol.130 , pp. 893-901
    • Giordano, C.1    Sebastiani, M.2    Plazzi, G.3
  • 96
    • 0017192670 scopus 로고
    • Acromutilating, paralyzing neuropathy with corneal ulceration in navajo children
    • Appenzeller O, Kornfeld M, Snyder R. Acromutilating, paralyzing neuropathy with corneal ulceration in Navajo children. Arch Neurol 1976;33:733–8.
    • (1976) Arch Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 733-738
    • Appenzeller, O.1    Kornfeld, M.2    Snyder, R.3
  • 97
    • 0025332149 scopus 로고
    • Neuropathy in navajo children: Clinical and epidemiologic features
    • Singleton R, Helgerson SD, Snyder RD, et al. Neuropathy in Navajo children: clinical and epidemiologic features. Neurology 1990;40:363–7.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , pp. 363-367
    • Singleton, R.1    Helgerson, S.D.2    Snyder, R.D.3
  • 98
    • 0033497512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver disease in navajo neuropathy
    • Holve S, Hu D, Shub M, et al. Liver disease in Navajo neuropathy. J Pediatr 1999;135:482–93.
    • (1999) J Pediatr , vol.135 , pp. 482-493
    • Holve, S.1    Hu, D.2    Shub, M.3
  • 99
    • 0034950509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navajo neurohepatopathy: A mitochondrial dna depletion syndrome?
    • Vu TH, Tanji K, Holve SA, et al. Navajo neurohepatopathy: a mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome? Hepatology 2001; 34:116–20.
    • (2001) Hepatology , vol.34 , pp. 116-120
    • Vu, T.H.1    Tanji, K.2    Holve, S.A.3
  • 100
    • 33748642169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Navajo neurohepatopathy is caused by a mutation in the mpv17 gene
    • Karadimas CL, Vu TH, Holve SA, et al. Navajo neurohepatopathy is caused by a mutation in the MPV17 gene. Am J Hum Genet 2006;79:544–8.
    • (2006) Am J Hum Genet , vol.79 , pp. 544-548
    • Karadimas, C.L.1    Vu, T.H.2    Holve, S.A.3
  • 101
    • 0002979657 scopus 로고
    • Inborn defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation
    • Suchy FJ, ed., St. Louis, MO: Mosby
    • Treem WR. Inborn defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. In: Suchy FJ, ed. Liver disease in childhood. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994:852–87.
    • (1994) Liver Disease in Childhood , pp. 852-887
    • Treem, W.R.1
  • 102
    • 0029925716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory effect of 3-hydroxyacyl-co as and other long-chain fatty acid betaoxidation intermediates on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation
    • Ventura FV, Ruiter JP, Ijlst L, et al. Inhibitory effect of 3-hydroxyacyl-Co As and other long-chain fatty acid betaoxidation intermediates on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19:161–4.
    • (1996) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.19 , pp. 161-164
    • Ventura, F.V.1    Ruiter, J.P.2    Ijlst, L.3
  • 103
    • 0033943231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex i deficiency with clinical and biochemical features of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency
    • Enns GM, Bennett MJ, Hoppel CL, et al. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I deficiency with clinical and biochemical features of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr 2000;136:251–4.
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.136 , pp. 251-254
    • Enns, G.M.1    Bennett, M.J.2    Hoppel, C.L.3
  • 104
    • 0028888960 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of pediatric long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-co a dehydrogenase deficiency associated with maternal acute fatty liver of pregnancy
    • Sims HF, Brackett JC, Powell CK, et al. The molecular basis of pediatric long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-Co A dehydrogenase deficiency associated with maternal acute fatty liver of pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995;92:841–5.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 841-845
    • Sims, H.F.1    Brackett, J.C.2    Powell, C.K.3
  • 105
    • 0029803779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome, and long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency
    • Treem WR, Shoup ME, Hale DE, et al. Acute fatty liver of pregnancy, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets syndrome, and long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:2293–300.
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 2293-2300
    • Treem, W.R.1    Shoup, M.E.2    Hale, D.E.3
  • 106
    • 0032964213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of inhibition of beta-oxidation by aspirin metabolites in skin fibroblasts from reye’s syndrome patients and controls
    • Glasgow JF, Middleton B, Moore R, et al. The mechanism of inhibition of beta-oxidation by aspirin metabolites in skin fibroblasts from Reye’s syndrome patients and controls. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1454:115–25.
    • (1999) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1454 , pp. 115-125
    • Glasgow, J.F.1    Middleton, B.2    Moore, R.3
  • 107
    • 0033529015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reye’s syndrome in the united states from 1981 through 1997
    • Belay ED, Bresee JS, Holman RC, et al. Reye’s syndrome in the United States from 1981 through 1997. N Engl J Med 1999; 340:1377–82.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.340 , pp. 1377-1382
    • Belay, E.D.1    Bresee, J.S.2    Holman, R.C.3
  • 108
    • 0018130269 scopus 로고
    • Reye syndrome: A metabolic response to an acute mitochondrial insult?
    • De Vivo DC. Reye syndrome: a metabolic response to an acute mitochondrial insult? Neurology 1978;28:105–8.
    • (1978) Neurology , vol.28 , pp. 105-108
    • De Vivo, D.C.1
  • 109
    • 0002570831 scopus 로고
    • Reye’s syndrome
    • Suchy FJ, ed., St. Louis, MO: Mosby
    • Partin JC. Reye’s Syndrome. In: Suchy FJ, ed. Liver disease in children. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1994:653–71.
    • (1994) Liver Disease in Children , pp. 653-671
    • Partin, J.C.1
  • 110
    • 0021720422 scopus 로고
    • Grade i reye’s syndrome – outcome and predictors of progression to deeper coma grades
    • Heubi JE, Daugherty CC, Partin JS, et al. Grade I Reye’s syndrome – outcome and predictors of progression to deeper coma grades. N Engl J Med 1984;311:1539–42.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 1539-1542
    • Heubi, J.E.1    Daugherty, C.C.2    Partin, J.S.3
  • 111
    • 0015216852 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial ultrastructure in reye’s syndrome (Encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera)
    • Partin JC, Schubert WK, Partin JS. Mitochondrial ultrastructure in Reye’s syndrome (encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera). N Engl J Med 1971;285:1339–43.
    • (1971) N Engl J Med , vol.285 , pp. 1339-1343
    • Partin, J.C.1    Schubert, W.K.2    Partin, J.S.3
  • 112
    • 0029744492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic function and liver histopathology in reye-like illnesses
    • Hou JW, Chou SP, Wang TR. Metabolic function and liver histopathology in Reye-like illnesses. Acta Paediatr 1996;85: 1053–7.
    • (1996) Acta Paediatr , vol.85 , pp. 1053-1057
    • Hou, J.W.1    Chou, S.P.2    Wang, T.R.3
  • 113
    • 0032820166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whatever happened to reye’s syndrome? Did it ever really exist?
    • Orlowski JP. Whatever happened to Reye’s syndrome? Did it ever really exist? Crit Care Med 1999;27:1582–7.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1582-1587
    • Orlowski, J.P.1
  • 114
    • 33748828382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reye’s syndrome
    • author reply 846–7
    • Hall SM, Lynn R. Reye’s syndrome. N Engl J Med 1999;341: 845–6; author reply 846–7.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 845-846
    • Hall, S.M.1    Lynn, R.2
  • 115
    • 0014336231 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial and fatty changes in hepatocytes of patients with wilson’s disease
    • Sternlieb I. Mitochondrial and fatty changes in hepatocytes of patients with Wilson’s disease. Gastroenterology 1968;55: 354–67.
    • (1968) Gastroenterology , vol.55 , pp. 354-367
    • Sternlieb, I.1
  • 116
    • 0017000392 scopus 로고
    • Effects of anticopper therapy on hepatocellular mitochondria in patients with wilson’s disease: An ultrastructural and stereological study
    • Sternlieb I, Feldmann G. Effects of anticopper therapy on hepatocellular mitochondria in patients with Wilson’s disease: an ultrastructural and stereological study. Gastroenterology 1976;71:457–61.
    • (1976) Gastroenterology , vol.71 , pp. 457-461
    • Sternlieb, I.1    Feldmann, G.2
  • 117
    • 0027177530 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal hepatic mitochondrial respiration and cytochrome c oxidase activity in rats with long-term copper overload
    • Sokol RJ, Devereaux MW, O’Brien K, et al. Abnormal hepatic mitochondrial respiration and cytochrome C oxidase activity in rats with long-term copper overload. Gastroenterology 1993;105:178–87.
    • (1993) Gastroenterology , vol.105 , pp. 178-187
    • Sokol, R.J.1    Devereaux, M.W.2    O’Brien, K.3
  • 118
    • 0027943858 scopus 로고
    • Oxidant injury to hepatic mitochondria in patients with wilson’s disease and bedlington terrierswith copper toxicosis
    • Sokol RJ, Twedt D, Mc Kim JM Jr, et al. Oxidant injury to hepatic mitochondria in patients with Wilson’s disease and Bedlington terrierswith copper toxicosis. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1788–98.
    • (1994) Gastroenterology , vol.107 , pp. 1788-1798
    • Sokol, R.J.1    Twedt, D.2    Mc Kim, J.M.3
  • 119
    • 0030756162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature oxidative aging of hepatic mitochondrial dna in wilson’s disease
    • Mansouri A, Gaou I, Fromenty B, et al. Premature oxidative aging of hepatic mitochondrial DNA in Wilson’s disease. Gastroenterology 1997;113:599–605.
    • (1997) Gastroenterology , vol.113 , pp. 599-605
    • Mansouri, A.1    Gaou, I.2    Fromenty, B.3
  • 120
    • 0032568610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of the wilson’s disease protein product to mitochondria
    • Lutsenko S, Cooper MJ. Localization of the Wilson’s disease protein product to mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998;95:6004–9.
    • (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.95 , pp. 6004-6009
    • Lutsenko, S.1    Cooper, M.J.2
  • 121
    • 0030985809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fulminant liver failure in association with the emetic toxin of bacillus cereus
    • Mahler H, Pasi A, Kramer JM, et al. Fulminant liver failure in association with the emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1142–8.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1142-1148
    • Mahler, H.1    Pasi, A.2    Kramer, J.M.3
  • 122
    • 0028836808 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic mitochondrial dna deletion in alcoholics: Association with microvesicular steatosis
    • Fromenty B, Grimbert S, Mansouri A, et al. Hepatic mitochondrial DNA deletion in alcoholics: association with microvesicular steatosis. Gastroenterology 1995;108:193–200.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.108 , pp. 193-200
    • Fromenty, B.1    Grimbert, S.2    Mansouri, A.3
  • 123
    • 0028817865 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (Fiau), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis b
    • Mc Kenzie R, Fried MW, Sallie R, et al. Hepatic failure and lactic acidosis due to fialuridine (FIAU), an investigational nucleoside analogue for chronic hepatitis B. N Engl JMed 1995;333:1099–105.
    • (1995) N Engl Jmed , vol.333 , pp. 1099-1105
    • Mc Kenzie, R.1    Fried, M.W.2    Sallie, R.3
  • 124
    • 0028861575 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular events leading to mitochondrial toxicity of 1-(2-deoxy- 2-fluoro-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in human liver cells
    • Cui L, Yoon S, Schinazi RF, Sommadossi JP. Cellular and molecular events leading to mitochondrial toxicity of 1-(2-deoxy- 2-fluoro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil in human liver cells. J Clin Invest 1995;95:555–63.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 555-563
    • Cui, L.1    Yoon, S.2    Schinazi, R.F.3    Sommadossi, J.P.4
  • 125
    • 0028783393 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial toxicity–new adverse drug effects
    • Swartz MN. Mitochondrial toxicity–new adverse drug effects. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1146–8.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 1146-1148
    • Swartz, M.N.1
  • 126
    • 27444436170 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between nucleoside analogue treatment duration, insulin resistance, and fasting arterialized lactate level in patients with hiv infection
    • Lo JC, Kazemi MR, Hsue PY, et al. The relationship between nucleoside analogue treatment duration, insulin resistance, and fasting arterialized lactate level in patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:1335–40.
    • (2005) Clin Infect Dis , vol.41 , pp. 1335-1340
    • Lo, J.C.1    Kazemi, M.R.2    Hsue, P.Y.3
  • 127
    • 0038309650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bench-to-bedside review: Severe lactic acidosis in hiv patients treated with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Claessens YE, Chiche JD, Mira JP, Cariou A. Bench-to-bedside review: severe lactic acidosis in HIV patients treated with nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Crit Care 2003;7:226–32.
    • (2003) Crit Care , vol.7 , pp. 226-232
    • Claessens, Y.E.1    Chiche, J.D.2    Mira, J.P.3    Cariou, A.4
  • 128
    • 0029123537 scopus 로고
    • Generation of hydroperoxides in isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatic mitochondria exposed to hydrophobic bile acids
    • Sokol RJ, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Devereaux MW, Mc Kim JM, Jr. Generation of hydroperoxides in isolated rat hepatocytes and hepatic mitochondria exposed to hydrophobic bile acids. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1249–56.
    • (1995) Gastroenterology , vol.109 , pp. 1249-1256
    • Sokol, R.J.1    Winklhofer-Roob, B.M.2    Devereaux, M.W.3    Mc Kim, J.M.4
  • 129
    • 0026654982 scopus 로고
    • Reduced activity of the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria isolated from rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis
    • Krahenbuhl S, Stucki J, Reichen J. Reduced activity of the electron transport chain in liver mitochondria isolated from rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 1992;15:1160–6.
    • (1992) Hepatology , vol.15 , pp. 1160-1166
    • Krahenbuhl, S.1    Stucki, J.2    Reichen, J.3
  • 130
    • 0028091169 scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of bile acids on the electron transport chain of isolated rat liver mitochondria
    • Krahenbuhl S, Talos C, Fischer S, Reichen J. Toxicity of bile acids on the electron transport chain of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Hepatology 1994;19:471–9.
    • (1994) Hepatology , vol.19 , pp. 471-479
    • Krahenbuhl, S.1    Talos, C.2    Fischer, S.3    Reichen, J.4
  • 131
    • 0141718339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of the permeability transition in hepatic mitochondria by physiologic bile acid concentrations
    • 132
    • Sokol R, Devereaux MW, Straka MS. Induction of the permeability transition in hepatic mitochondria by physiologic bile acid concentrations. Hepatology 1997;26:188A. 132.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26
    • Sokol, R.1    Devereaux, M.W.2    Straka, M.S.3
  • 132
    • 0031983188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vitamin e reduces oxidant injury to mitochondria and the hepatotoxicity of taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the rat
    • Sokol RJ, Mc Kim JM, Jr., Goff MC, et al. Vitamin E reduces oxidant injury to mitochondria and the hepatotoxicity of taurochenodeoxycholic acid in the rat. Gastroenterology 1998;114: 164–74.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 164-174
    • Sokol, R.J.1    Mc Kim, J.M.2    Goff, M.C.3
  • 133
    • 0031799747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic steatosis: Innocent bystander or guilty party?
    • Day CP, James OF. Hepatic steatosis: innocent bystander or guilty party? Hepatology 1998;27:1463–6.
    • (1998) Hepatology , vol.27 , pp. 1463-1466
    • Day, C.P.1    James, O.F.2
  • 134
    • 0031921972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steatohepatitis-inducing drugs cause mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocytes
    • Berson A, De Beco V, Letteron P, et al. Steatohepatitis-inducing drugs cause mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 1998;114:764–74.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114 , pp. 764-774
    • Berson, A.1    De Beco, V.2    Letteron, P.3
  • 135
    • 0001817476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of obesity-induced steatohepatitis with vitamin e
    • Lavine JE. Treatment of obesity-induced steatohepatitis with vitamin E. Gastroenterology 1998;114:A1284.
    • (1998) Gastroenterology , vol.114
    • Lavine, J.E.1
  • 136
    • 0029939378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical presentations and laboratory investigations in respiratory chain deficiency
    • Munnich A, Rotig A, Chretien D, et al. Clinical presentations and laboratory investigations in respiratory chain deficiency. Eur J Pediatr 1996;155:262–74.
    • (1996) Eur J Pediatr , vol.155 , pp. 262-274
    • Munnich, A.1    Rotig, A.2    Chretien, D.3
  • 137
    • 0027931039 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and molecular investigations in respiratory chain deficiencies
    • Rustin P, Chretien D, Bourgeron T, et al. Biochemical and molecular investigations in respiratory chain deficiencies. Clin Chim Acta 1994;228:35–51.
    • (1994) Clin Chim Acta , vol.228 , pp. 35-51
    • Rustin, P.1    Chretien, D.2    Bourgeron, T.3
  • 138
    • 0030843425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel mitochondrial g8313a mutation associated with prominent initial gastrointestinal symptoms and progressive encephaloneuropathy
    • Verma A, Piccoli DA, Bonilla E, et al. A novel mitochondrial G8313A mutation associated with prominent initial gastrointestinal symptoms and progressive encephaloneuropathy. Pediatr Res 1997;42:448–54.
    • (1997) Pediatr Res , vol.42 , pp. 448-454
    • Verma, A.1    Piccoli, D.A.2    Bonilla, E.3
  • 139
    • 0030056515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial complex i deficiency leads to increased production of superoxide radicals and induction of superoxide dismutase
    • Pitkanen S, Robinson BH. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency leads to increased production of superoxide radicals and induction of superoxide dismutase. J Clin Invest 1996;98:345–51.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 345-351
    • Pitkanen, S.1    Robinson, B.H.2
  • 140
    • 0033047456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene shifting: A novel therapy for mitochondrial myopathy
    • Taivassalo T, Fu K, Johns T, et al. Gene shifting: a novel therapy for mitochondrial myopathy. Hum Mol Genet 1999;8:1047–52.
    • (1999) Hum Mol Genet , vol.8 , pp. 1047-1052
    • Taivassalo, T.1    Fu, K.2    Johns, T.3
  • 141
    • 0030926104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of a mitochondrial dna defect in human skeletal muscle
    • Clark KM, Bindoff LA, Lightowlers RN, et al. Reversal of a mitochondrial DNA defect in human skeletal muscle. Nat Genet 1997;16:222–4.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.16 , pp. 222-224
    • Clark, K.M.1    Bindoff, L.A.2    Lightowlers, R.N.3
  • 143
    • 0025327523 scopus 로고
    • Ubiquinol-10 is an effective lipidsoluble antioxidant at physiological concentrations
    • Frei B, Kim MC, Ames BN. Ubiquinol-10 is an effective lipidsoluble antioxidant at physiological concentrations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990;87:4879–83.
    • (1990) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.87 , pp. 4879-4883
    • Frei, B.1    Kim, M.C.2    Ames, B.N.3
  • 144
    • 0024560261 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the levels of endogenous antioxidants in the liver of mice with experimental endotoxemia and the protective effects of the antioxidants
    • Sugino K, Dohi K, Yamada K, Kawasaki T. Changes in the levels of endogenous antioxidants in the liver of mice with experimental endotoxemia and the protective effects of the antioxidants. Surgery 1989;105:200–6.
    • (1989) Surgery , vol.105 , pp. 200-206
    • Sugino, K.1    Dohi, K.2    Yamada, K.3    Kawasaki, T.4
  • 145
    • 0024501901 scopus 로고
    • Effects of idebenone and related compounds on respiratory activities of brain mitochondria, and on lipid peroxidation of their membranes
    • Imada I, Fujita T, Sugiyama Y, et al. Effects of idebenone and related compounds on respiratory activities of brain mitochondria, and on lipid peroxidation of their membranes. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1989;8:323–41.
    • (1989) Arch Gerontol Geriatr , vol.8 , pp. 323-341
    • Imada, I.1    Fujita, T.2    Sugiyama, Y.3
  • 146
    • 0021859645 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the respiratory and phosphorylating activities in rat brain mitochondria by idebenone (Cv-2619), a new agent improving cerebral metabolism
    • Sugiyama Y, Fujita T. Stimulation of the respiratory and phosphorylating activities in rat brain mitochondria by idebenone (CV-2619), a new agent improving cerebral metabolism. FEBS Lett 1985;184:48–51.
    • (1985) FEBS Lett , vol.184 , pp. 48-51
    • Sugiyama, Y.1    Fujita, T.2
  • 147
    • 0029145255 scopus 로고
    • Reduced antioxidative capacity in liver mitochondria from bile duct ligated rats
    • Krahenbuhl S, Talos C, Lauterburg BH, Reichen J. Reduced antioxidative capacity in liver mitochondria from bile duct ligated rats. Hepatology 1995;22:607–12.
    • (1995) Hepatology , vol.22 , pp. 607-612
    • Krahenbuhl, S.1    Talos, C.2    Lauterburg, B.H.3    Reichen, J.4
  • 148
    • 33744544229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restoring balance to ataxia with coenzyme q10 deficiency
    • Hirano M, Quinzii CM, Dimauro S. Restoring balance to ataxia with coenzyme Q10 deficiency. J Neurol Sci 2006;246: 11–12.
    • (2006) J Neurol Sci , vol.246 , pp. 11-12
    • Hirano, M.1    Quinzii, C.M.2    Dimauro, S.3
  • 149
    • 33644921803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coenzyme q10 deficiency and isolated myopathy
    • Horvath R, Schneiderat P, Schoser BG, et al. Coenzyme Q10 deficiency and isolated myopathy. Neurology 2006;66:253–5.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , pp. 253-255
    • Horvath, R.1    Schneiderat, P.2    Schoser, B.G.3
  • 150
    • 0027170619 scopus 로고
    • Transient improvement of congenital lactic acidosis in a male infant with pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency treated with dichloroacetate
    • Toth PP, el-Shanti H, Eivins S, et al. Transient improvement of congenital lactic acidosis in a male infant with pyruvate decarboxylase deficiency treated with dichloroacetate. J Pediatr 1993;123:427–30.
    • (1993) J Pediatr , vol.123 , pp. 427-430
    • Toth, P.P.1    El-Shanti, H.2    Eivins, S.3
  • 151
    • 0005273559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End-stage liver disease as the only consequence of a complex i and iv deficiency: Liver transplantation indicated?
    • Rake JP, Van Spronsen FJ, Visser G. End-stage liver disease as the only consequence of a complex I and IV deficiency: liver transplantation indicated? J Inherit Metab Dis 1997;20 Suppl 1:65.
    • (1997) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 65
    • Rake, J.P.1    Van Spronsen, F.J.2    Visser, G.3
  • 152
    • 0027516542 scopus 로고
    • Chimerism after liver transplantation for type iv glycogen storage disease and type 1 gaucher’s disease
    • Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Trucco M, et al. Chimerism after liver transplantation for type IV glycogen storage disease and type 1 Gaucher’s disease. N Engl J Med 1993;328:745–9.
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 745-749
    • Starzl, T.E.1    Demetris, A.J.2    Trucco, M.3
  • 153
    • 0033515548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oligomycin induces a decrease in the cellular content of a pathogenicmutation in the human mitochondrial atpase 6 gene
    • Manfredi G, Gupta N, Vazquez-Memije ME, et al. Oligomycin induces a decrease in the cellular content of a pathogenicmutation in the human mitochondrial ATPase 6 gene. J Biol Chem 1999;274:9386–91.
    • (1999) J Biol Chem , vol.274 , pp. 9386-9391
    • Manfredi, G.1    Gupta, N.2    Vazquez-Memije, M.E.3
  • 154
    • 0028804570 scopus 로고
    • Transfection of mitochondria: Strategy towards a gene therapy of mitochondrial dnadiseases
    • Seibel P, Trappe J, Villani G, et al. Transfection of mitochondria: strategy towards a gene therapy of mitochondrial DNAdiseases. Nucleic Acids Res 1995;23:10–17.
    • (1995) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.23 , pp. 10-17
    • Seibel, P.1    Trappe, J.2    Villani, G.3
  • 155
    • 0031038812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective inhibition of mutant human mitochondrial dna replication in vitrobypeptidenucleic acids
    • Taylor RW, Chinnery PF, Turnbull DM, Lightowlers RN. Selective inhibition of mutant human mitochondrial DNA replication in vitrobypeptidenucleic acids. Nat Genet 1997;15:212–15.
    • (1997) Nat Genet , vol.15 , pp. 212-215
    • Taylor, R.W.1    Chinnery, P.F.2    Turnbull, D.M.3    Lightowlers, R.N.4
  • 156
    • 33745410626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial disease
    • Schapira AH. Mitochondrial disease. Lancet 2006;368:70–82.
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , pp. 70-82
    • Schapira, A.H.1
  • 157
    • 0029745044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in disorders of the mitochondrial energy metabolism
    • Ruitenbeek W, Wendel U, Hamel BC, Trijbels JM. Genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis in disorders of the mitochondrial energy metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19:581–7.
    • (1996) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.19 , pp. 581-587
    • Ruitenbeek, W.1    Wendel, U.2    Hamel, B.C.3    Trijbels, J.M.4
  • 158
    • 0029887691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal diagnosis of systemic disorders of the respiratory chain in cultured chorionic villus fibroblasts by study of atp-synthesis in digitonin-permeabilized cells
    • Wanders RJ, Ruiter JP, Wijburg FA, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of systemic disorders of the respiratory chain in cultured chorionic villus fibroblasts by study of ATP-synthesis in digitonin-permeabilized cells. J Inherit Metab Dis 1996;19:133–6.
    • (1996) J Inherit Metab Dis , vol.19 , pp. 133-136
    • Wanders, R.J.1    Ruiter, J.P.2    Wijburg, F.A.3
  • 159
    • 0030800847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defects of the respiratory chain in the normal human liver and in cirrhosis during aging
    • Muller-Hocker J, Aust D, Rohrbach H, et al. Defects of the respiratory chain in the normal human liver and in cirrhosis during aging. Hepatology 1997;26:709–19.
    • (1997) Hepatology , vol.26 , pp. 709-719
    • Muller-Hocker, J.1    Aust, D.2    Rohrbach, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.