Effect of selected drugs on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels

Pharmazie

Volumn 65, Issue 8, 2010, Pages 562-571

  Trocha, Małgorzata ^a   Szuba, A ^a   Merwid Lad, A ^a   Sozanski T ^a  

^a WROCLAW MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 [2 [2 CHLORO 4 [3 (2,6 DICHLOROPHENYL) 5 ISOPROPYL 4 ISOXAZOLYLMETHOXY]PHENYL]VINYL]BENZOIC ACID; ACETYLCHOLINE; ACETYLCYSTEINE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR; ANTIOXIDANT; ARGININE; ATORVASTATIN; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CATECHIN; DIMETHYLARGININASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENDOTHELIAL NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; EPIGALLOCATECHIN; ESTROGEN; FARNESOID X RECEPTOR; FENOFIBRATE; INSULIN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; METFORMIN; N(G),N(G) DIMETHYLARGININE; NITRIC OXIDE; OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; PIOGLITAZONE; RETINOL; ROSIGLITAZONE; SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; UNINDEXED DRUG; AMIDASE; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; CELL RECEPTOR; FARNESOID X-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR; N,N-DIMETHYLARGININE; VITAMIN; VITAMIN B COMPLEX;

AMINO ACID METABOLISM; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG RESPONSE; ENZYME ACTIVITY; HEART FAILURE; HUMAN; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; LIPID METABOLISM; LIPID PEROXIDATION; METABOLIC REGULATION; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; STROKE; AGONISTS; ANALOGS AND DERIVATIVES; ANIMAL; BLOOD; GENETICS; METABOLISM;

ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; AMIDOHYDROLASES; ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ANIMALS; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; ANTIOXIDANTS; ARGININE; ASPIRIN; ESTROGENS; HUMANS; HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS; RECEPTORS, CYTOPLASMIC AND NUCLEAR; VITAMIN A; VITAMIN B COMPLEX; VITAMINS; HYPOLIPIDEMIC AGENTS;

EID: 77955913786     PISSN: 00317144     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1691/ph.2010.0518     Document Type: Review

References (150)

1. Abe T, Tohgi H, Murata T, Isobe C, Sato C (2001) Reduction in asymmetrical dimethylarginine, an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, in the cerebrospinal fluid during aging and in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 312: 177-179.
2. Achan V, Broadhead M, Malaki M, Whitley G, Leiper J, MacAllister R, Vallance P (2003) Asymmetric dimethylarginine causes hypertension and cardiac dysfunction in humans and is actively metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23: 1455-1459.
3. Achan V, Tran CT, Arrigoni F, Whitley GS, Leiper JM, Vallance P (2002) All trans retinoic acid increases nitric oxide synthesis by endothelial cells: a role for the induction of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circ Res 90: 764-769.
4. Alderton WK, Cooper CE, Knowles RG (2001) Nitric oxide synthases: structure, function and inhibition. Biochem J 357: 593-615.
5. Alfieri AB, Briceno L, Fragasso G, Spoladore R, Palloshi A, Bassanelli G, Montano C, Arioli F, Cuko A, Ruotolo G, Margonato A (2008) Differential long-term effects of carvedilol on proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and left ventricular function in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 52: 49-54.
6. Ananthanarayanan M, Balasubramanian N, Makishima M, Mangelsdorf DJ, Suchy FJ (2001) Human bile salt export pump promoter is transactivated by the farnesoid X receptor/bile acid receptor. J Biol Chem 276: 28857-28865.
7. Asagami T, Abbasi F, Stuelinger M, Lamendola C, McLaughlin T, Cooke JP, Reaven GM, Tsao PS (2002) Metformin treatment lowers asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 51: 843-846.
8. Berry C, Anderson N, Kirk AJB, Dominiczak AF, McMurray JJ (2001) Renin-angiotensin system inhibition is associated with reduced free radical concentrations in arteries of patients with coronary heart disease. Heart 86: 217-220.
9. Böger GI, Maas R, Schwedhelm E, Bierend A, Benndorf R, Kastner M, Steenpa A, Böger RH (2004) Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation by simvastatin is potentiated by combination with L-arginine in patients with elevated asymmetric dimethylarginine levels. J Am Coll Cardiol 43 (suppl.): 525A (abs.).
10. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Sydow K, Heistad DD, Lentz SR (2000) Plasma concentration of asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, is elevated in monkeys with hyperhomocysteinemia or hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20: 1557-1564.
11. Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Szuba A, Tsao PS, Chan JR, Tangphao O, Blaschke TF, Cooke JP (1998) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): a novel risk factor for endothelial dysfunction: its role in hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 98: 1842-1847.
12. Böger RH, Sydow K, Borlak J, Thum T, Lenzen H, Schubert B, Tsikas D, Bode-Böger SM (2000) LDL cholesterol upregulates synthesis of asymmetrical dimethylarginine in human endothelial cells: involvement of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferases. Circ Res 87: 99-105.
13. Bogle RG, MacAllister RJ, Whitley GS, Vallance P (1995) Induction of NG - monomethyl-L-arginine uptake: a mechanism for differential inhibition of NO synthases? Am J Physiol 269: C750-C756.
14. Bultink IE, Teerlink T, Heijst JA, Dijkmans BA, Voskuyl AE (2005) Raised plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine are associated with cardiovascular events, disease activity, and organ damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 64: 1362-1365.
15. Cardounel AJ, Cui H, Samouilov A, Johnson W, Kearns P, Tsai AL, Berka V, Zweier JL (2007) Evidence for the pathophysiological role of endogenous methylarginines in regulation of endothelial NO production and vascular function. J Biol Chem 282: 879-887.
16. Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL (2002) Endogenous methylarginines regulate neuronal nitric oxide synthase and prevent excitotoxic injury. J Biol Chem 277: 33995-34002.
17. Carey RM, Jin XH, Wang ZQ, Siragy HM (2000) Nitric oxide: a physiological mediator of the type 2 (AT2) angiotensin receptor. Acta Physiol Scand 168: 65-71.
18. Chao CL, Lee YT (2000) Impairment of cerebrovascular reactivity by methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and amelioration by quinapril treatment. Stroke 31: 2907-2911.
19. Chen MF, Li YJ, Yang TL, Lou B, Xie XM (2009) Losartan inhibits monocytic adhesion induced by adma via downregulation of chemokine receptors in monocytes. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 65: 457-464.
20. Chopra M, Beswick H, Clapperton M, Dargie HJ, Smith WE, McMurray J (1992) Antioxidant effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors: free radical and oxidant scavenging are sulfhydryl dependent, but lipid peroxidation is inhibited by both sulfhydryl- and nonsulfhydryl-containing ACE inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 19: 330-340.
21. Collins T, Cybulsky MI (2001) NF-kappaB: pivotal mediator or innocent bystander in atherogenesis? J Clin Invest 107: 255-264.
22. Dai Z, Zhu HQ, Jiang DJ, Jiang JL, Deng HW, Li YJ (2004) 17beta-estradiol preserves endothelial function by reduction of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level. Int J Cardiol 96: 223-227.
23. Delles C, Schneider MP, John S, Gekle M, Schmieder RE (2002) Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition and angiotensin II AT1-receptor blockade reduce the levels of asymmetrical N(G), N(G)-dimethylarginine in human essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 15: 590-593.
24. Deng S, Deng PY, Jiang JL, Ye F, Yu J, Yang TL, Deng HD, Li YJ (2004) Aspirin protected against endothelial damage induced by LDL: role of endogenous NO synthase inhibitors in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25: 1633-1639.
25. Eid HM, Eritsland J, Larsen J, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I (2003) Increased levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in populations at risk for atherosclerotic disease. Effects of pravastatin. Atherosclerosis 166: 279-284.
26. Enderle MD, Sayer R, Balletshofer B, Meisner C, Mück AO, Haasis R, Haering HU, Pfohl M (2000) Acute improvement of peripheral endothelial function in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease after single oral intake of 17beta-estradiol valerate. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 108: 382-385.
27. Forbes JM, Yee LT, Thallas V, Lassila M, Candido R, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, Thomas MC, Burns WC, Deemer EK, Thorpe SR, Cooper ME, Allen TJ (2004) Advanced glycation end product interventions reduce diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Diabetes 53: 1813-1823.
28. Förstermann U, Schmidt HH, Pollock JS, Sheng H, Mitchell JA, Warner TD, Nakane M, Murad F (1991) Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. Characterization and purification from different cell types. Biochem Pharmacol 42: 1849-1857.
29. Fu YF, Xiong Y, Guo Z (2005) A reduction of endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine contributes to the effect of captopril on endothelial dysfunction induced by homocysteine in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 508: 167-175.
30. Fu YF, Xiong Y, Fu SH (2003) Captopril restores endothelium-dependent relaxation of rat aortic rings after exposure to homocysteine. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 42: 566-572.
31. Furchgott RF (1996) The 1996 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards. The discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and its importance in the identification of nitric oxide. JAMA 276: 1186-1188.
32. Garbin U, Pasini AF, Stranieri C, Manfro S, Boccioletti V, Cominacini L (2007) Nebivolol reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine in endothelial cells by increasing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 (DDAH2) expression and activity. Pharmacol Res 56: 515-521.
33. Giardino I, Fard AK, Hatchell DL, Brownlee M (1998) Aminoguanidine inhibits reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and oxidant-induced apoptosis. Diabetes 47: 1114-1120.
34. Gillis CN, Chen X, Merker MM (1992) Lisinopril and ramiprilat protection of the vascular endothelium against free radical-induced functional injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 262: 212-216.
35. Grady D, Herrington D, Bittner V, Blumenthal R, Davidson M, Hlatky M, Hsia J (2002) Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 288: 49-57. (Pubitemid 34705518)
36. Hayashi A, Suzuki M, Ogawa Y, Sonoda R, Sasamata M (2004) Post-stroke atorvastatin treatment reduces neurological deficits and mortality rate in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Pharm Pharmacol 56: 893-898.
37. Heutling D, Schulz H, Nickel I, Kleinstein J, Kaltwasser P, Westphal S, Mittermayer F, Wolzt M, Krzyzanowska K, Randeva H, Schernthaner G, Lehnert H (2008) Asymmetrical dimethylarginine, inflammatory and metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome before and after metformin treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93: 82-90.
38. Holm T, Aukrust P, Aagaard E, Ueland T, Haugstad TS, Kjekshus J, Simonsen S, Frøland SS, Gullestad L, Andreassen AK (2002) Hypertension in relation to nitric oxide, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and inflammation: different patterns in heart transplant recipients and individuals with essential hypertension. Transplantation 74: 1395-1400.
39. Holven KB, Haugstad TS, Holm T, Aukrust P, Ose L, Nenseter MS (2003) Folic acid treatment reduces elevated plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in hyperhomocysteinaemic subjects. Br J Nutr 89: 359-363.
40. Holven KB, Holm T, Aukrust P, Christensen B, Kjekshus J, Andreassen AK, Gullestad L, Hagve TA, Svilaas A, Ose L, Nenseter MS (2001) Effect of folic acid treatment on endothelium-dependent vasodilation and nitric oxide-derived end products in hyperhomocysteinemic subjects. Am J Med 110: 536-542.
41. Hornig B, Arakawa N, Borger RH, Bode-Borger SM, Frolich JC, Drexler H (1998) Plasma levels of ADMA are increased and inversely related to endothelium-mediated vasodilation in patients with chronic heart failure: a new predictor of endothelial dysfunction? Circulation 98 (suppl.): I-318 (abs.).
42. Hu T, Chouinard M, Cox AL, Sipes P, Marcelo M, Ficorilli J, Li S, Gao H, Ryan TP, Michael MD, Michael LF (2006) Farnesoid X receptor agonist reduces serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels through hepatic dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 gene regulation. J Biol Chem 281: 39831-39838.
43. Ito A, Egashira K, Narishige T, Muramatsu K, Takeshita A (2001) Reninangiotensin system is involved in the mechanism of increased serum asymmetric dimethylarginine in essential hypertension. Jpn Circ J 65: 775-778.
44. Ito A, Tsao PS, Adimoolam S, Kimoto M, Ogawa T, Cooke JP (1999) Novel mechanism for endothelial dysfunction: dysregulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 99: 3092-3095.
45. Ito A, Egashira K, Narishige T, Muramatsu K, Takeshita A (2002) Angiotensin-converting enzyme activity is involved in the mechanism of increased endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Circ J 66: 811-815.
46. Jacobi J, Sydow K, von Degenfeld G, Zhang Y, Dayoub H, Wang B, Patterson AJ, Kimoto M, Blau HM, Cooke JP (2005) Overexpression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase reduces tissue asymmetric dimethylarginine levels and enhances angiogenesis. Circulation 111: 1431-1438.
47. Jiang DJ, Jiang JL, Tan GS, Du YH, Xu KP, Li YJ (2003) Protective effects of daviditin A against endothelial damage induced by lysophosphatidylcholine. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 367: 600-606.
48. Jiang DJ, Jiang JL, Zhu HQ, Tan GS, Liu SQ, Xu KP, Li YJ (2004) Demethylbellidifolin preserves endothelial function by reduction of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level. J Ethnopharmacol 93: 295-306.
49. Jiang JL, Jiang DJ, Tang YH, Li NS, Deng HW, Li YJ (2004) Effect of simvastatin on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Acta Pharmacol Sin 25: 893-901.
50. Jiang JL, Zhang XH, Li NS, Rang WQ, Feng-Ye, Hu CP, Li YJ, Deng HW (2006) Probucol decreases asymmetrical dimethylarginine level by alternation of protein arginine methyltransferase I and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 20: 281-294.
51. Jiang DJ, Tan GS, Zhou ZH, Xu KP, Ye F, Li YJ (2002) Protective effects of demethylbellidifolin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Planta Med 68: 710-713.
52. Jiang JL, Li Ns NS, Li YJ, Deng HW (2002) Probucol preserves endothelial function by reduction of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level. Br J Pharmacol 135: 1175-1182.
53. Jones SP, Gibson MF, Rimmer DM 3rd, Gibson TM, Sharp BR, Lefer DJ (2002) Direct vascular and cardioprotective effects of rosuvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. J Am Coll Cardiol 40: 1172-1178.
54. Kang ES, Tevlin MT, Wang YB, Chiang TM, Cardenas R, Myers LK, Acchiardo SR (1999) Hemodialysis hypotension: interaction of inhibitors, iNOS, and the interdialytic period. Am J Med Sci 317: 9-21.
55. Krause CD, Yang ZH, Kim YS, Lee JH, Cook JR, Pestka S (2007) Protein arginine methyltransferases: evolution and assessment of their pharmacological and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 113: 50-87.
56. Laufs U, La Fata V, Plutzky J, Liao JK (1998) Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation 97: 1129-1135.
57. Leiper J, Nandi M, Torondel B, Murray-Rust J, Malaki M, O'Hara B, Rossiter S, Anthony S, Madhani M, Selwood D, Smith C, Wojciak- Stothard B, Rudiger A, Stidwill R, McDonald NQ, Vallance P (2007) Disruption of methylarginine metabolism impairs vascular homeostasis. Nat Med 13: 198-203.
58. Leiper JM, Santa Maria J, Chubb A, MacAllister RJ, Charles IG, Whitley GS, Vallance P (1999) Identification of two human dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolases with distinct tissue distributions and homology with microbial arginine deiminases. Biochem J 343: 209-214.
59. Leiper J, Vallance P (1999) Biological significance of endogenous methylarginines that inhibit nitric oxide synthases. Cardiovasc Res 43: 542-548.
60. Lentz SR, Malinow MR, Piegors DJ, Bhopatkar-Teredesai M, Faraci FM, Heistad DD (1997) Consequences of hyperhomocyst(e)inemia on vascular function in atherosclerotic monkeys. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 17: 2930-2934.
61. Li J, Wilson A, Gao X, Kuruba R, Liu Y, Poloyac S, Pitt B, Xie W, Li S (2009) Coordinated regulation of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 and cationic amino acid transporter-1 by farnesoid X receptor in mouse liver and kidney and its implication in the control of blood levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 331: 234-243.
62. Lin KY, Ito A, Asagami T, Tsao PS, Adimoolam S, Kimoto M, Tsuji H, Reaven GM, Cooke JP (2002) Impaired nitric oxide synthase pathway in diabetes mellitus: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circulation 106: 987-992.
63. Lin PS, Böger RH, Bode-Böger SM, Tsao PS, Cooke JP (1997) Asymmetric dimethylarginine enhances superoxide production in human endothelial cells. Circulation 96 (suppl.): I-45 (abs.).
64. Lluch P, Torondel B, Medina P, Segarra G, Del Olmo JA, Serra MA, Rodrigo JM(2004) Plasma concentrations of nitric oxide and asymmetric dimethylarginine in human alcoholic cirrhosis. J Hepatol 41: 55-59.
65. Lorenz M, Wessler S, Follmann E, Michaelis W, Düsterhöft T, Baumann G, Stangl K, Stangl V (2004) A constituent of green tea, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase by a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH-kinase-, cAMP-dependent protein kinase-, and Akt-dependent pathway and leads to endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. J Biol Chem 279: 6190-6195.
66. Lu TM, Ding YA, Lin SJ, Lee WS, Tai HC (2003) Plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethylarginine and adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 24: 1912-1919.
67. Lu TM, Ding YA, Leu HB, Yin WH, Sheu WH, Chu KM (2004) Effect of rosuvastatin on plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 94: 157-161.
68. MacAllister RJ, Parry H, Kimoto M, Ogawa T, Russell RJ, Hodson H, Whitley GS, Vallance P (1996) Regulation of nitric oxide synthesis by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Br J Pharmacol 119: 1533-1540.
69. Makishima M, Okamoto AY, Repa JJ, Tu H, Learned RM, Luk A, Hull MV, Lustig KD, Mangelsdorf DJ, Shan B (1999) Identification of a nuclear receptor for bile acids. Science 284: 1362-1365.
70. Malandro MS, Kilberg MS (1996) Molecular biology of mammalian amino acid transporters. Annu Rev Biochem 65: 305-336.
71. Mancini GB (2000) Long-term use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors to modify endothelial dysfunction: a review of clinical investigations. Clin Invest Med 23: 144-161.
72. Martin-Sanz P, Olmedilla L, Dulin E, Casado M, Callejas NA, Perez-Pena J, Garutti I, Sanz J, Calleja J, Barrigon S, Bosca L (2003) Presence of methylated arginine derivatives in orthotopic human liver transplantation: relevance for liver function. Liver Transpl 9: 40-48.
73. Masuda H, Goto M, Tamaoki S, Azuma H (1999) Accelerated intimal hyperplasia and increased endogenous inhibitors for NO synthesis in rabbits with alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia. Br J Pharmacol 126: 211-218.
74. Mijatovic V, Netelenbos C, van der Mooren MJ, de Valk-de Roo GW, Jakobs C, Kenemans P (1998) Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the effects of raloxifene and conjugated equine estrogen on plasma homocysteine levels in healthy postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 70: 1085-1089.
75. Miller JW, Nadeau MR, Smith J, Smith D, Selhub J (1994) Folate-deficiency-induced homocysteinaemia in rats: disruption of S-adenosylmethionine's co-ordinate regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Biochem J 298: 415-419.
76. Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43: 109-142.
77. Monsalve E, Oviedo PJ, Garcia-Perez MA, Tarin JJ, Cano A, Hermenegildo C (2007) Estradiol counteracts oxidized LDL-induced asymmetric dimethylarginine production by cultured human endothelial cells. Cardiovasc Res 73: 66-72.
78. Mooradian AD (1993) Antioxidant properties of steroids. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 45: 509-511.
79. Murray-Rust J, Leiper J, McAlister M, Phelan J, Tilley S, Santa Maria J, Vallance P, McDonald N (2001) Structural insights into the hydrolysis of cellular nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Nat Struct Biol 8: 679-683.
80. Nakamura T, Sato E, Fujiwara N, Kawagoe Y, Ueda Y, Suzuki T, Ueda S, Adachi H, Okuda S, Yamagishi S (2009) Ezetimibe decreases serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and ameliorates renal injury in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients in a cholesterol-independent manner. Pharmacol Res 60: 525-528.
81. Napoli C, Sica V, de Nigris F, Pignalosa O, Condorelli M, Ignarro LJ, Liguori A (2004) Sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition induces sustained reduction of systemic oxidative stress and improves the nitric oxide pathway in patients with essential hypertension. Am Heart J 148: e5.
82. Nascimento CA, Kauser K, Rubanyi GM (1999) Effect of 17beta-estradiol in hypercholesterolemic rabbits with severe endothelial dysfunction. Am J Physiol 276(5 Pt 2): H1788-1794.
83. Neuville P, Yan Z, Gidlof A, Pepper MS, Hansson GK, Gabbiani G, Sirsjo A (1999) Retinoic acid regulates arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and phenotypic features in vivo and in vitro through an RAR alpha-dependent signaling pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 19: 1430-1436.
84. Nijveldt RJ, Teerlink T, Van Der Hoven B, Siroen MP, Kuik DJ, Rauwerda JA, van Leeuwen PA (2003) Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in critically ill patients: high plasma ADMA concentration is an independent risk factor of ICU mortality. Clin Nutr 22: 23-30.
85. Oguz A, Uzunlulu M (2008) Short term fluvastatin treatment lowers serum asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Int Heart J 49: 303-311.
86. Ono Y, Nakaya Y, Bando S, Soeki T, Ito S, Sata M (2009) Telmisartan decreases plasma levels of asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine and improves lipid and glucose metabolism and vascular function. Int Heart J 50: 73-83.
87. Onozato ML, Tojo A, Leiper J, Fujita T, Palm F, Wilcox CS (2008) Expression of NG, NG-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase and protein arginine N-methyltransferase isoforms in diabetic rat kidney: effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers. Diabetes 57: 172-180.
88. Oz O, Gökçil Z, Bek S, Cakir E, Odabaşi Z (2009) Is asymmetric dimethylarginine responsible for the vascular events in patients under antiepileptic drug treatment? Epilepsy Res 87: 54-58.
89. Ozgurtas T, Oktenli C, Dede M, Tapan S, Kenar L, Sanisoglu SY, Yesilova Z, Yenen MC, Erbil MK, Baser I (2008) Metformin and oral contraceptive treatments reduced circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Atherosclerosis 200: 336-344.
90. Paiva H, Laakso J, Lehtimaki T, Isomustajarvi M, Ruokonen I, Laaksonen R (2003) Effect of high-dose statin treatment on plasma concentrations of endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 41: 219-222.
91. Palm F, Onozato ML, Luo Z, Wilcox CS (2007) Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH): expression, regulation, and function in the cardiovascular and renal systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H3227-H3245.
92. Panichi V, Mantuano E, Paoletti S, Santi S, Manca Rizza G, Cutrupi S, Pizzini P, Spoto B, Tripepi G, Zoccali C (2008) Effect of simvastatin on plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentration in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 21: 38-44.
93. Parks DJ, Blanchard SG, Bledsoe RK, Chandra G, Consler TG, Kliewer SA, Stimmel JB, Willson TM, Zavacki AM, Moore DD, Lehmann JM (1999) Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor. Science 284: 1365-1368.
94. Pasini AF, Garbin U, Stranieri C, Boccioletti V, Mozzini C, Manfro S, Pasini A, Cominacini M, Cominacini L (2008) Nebivolol treatment reduces serum levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine and improves endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens 21: 1251-1257.
95. Pines A, Mijatovic V, van der Mooren MJ, Kenemans P (1997) Hormone replacement therapy and cardioprotection: basic concepts and clinical considerations. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 71: 193-197.
96. Pluta RM, Jung CS, Harvey-White J, Whitehead A, Shilad S, Espey MG, Oldfield EH (2005) In vitro and in vivo effects of probucol on hydrolysis of asymmetric dimethyl L-arginine and vasospasm in primates. J Neurosurg 103: 731-738.
97. Potena L, Fearon WF, Sydow K, Holweg C, Luikart H, Chin C, Weisshaar D, Mocarski ES, Lewis DB, Valantine HA, Cooke JP (2008) Asymmetric dimethylarginine and cardiac allograft vasculopathy progression: modulation by sirolimus. Transplantation 85: 827-833.
98. Ramadass P, Meerarani P, Toborek M, Robertson LW, Hennig B (2003) Dietary flavonoids modulate PCB-induced oxidative stress, CYP1A1 induction, and AhR-DNA binding activity in vascular endothelial cells. Toxicol Sci 76: 212-219.
99. Rubio-Gayosso I, Sierra-Ramirez A, García-Vazquez A, Martinez-Martinez A, Munoz-García O, Morato T, Ceballos-Reyes G (2000) 17Beta-estradiol increases intracellular calcium concentration through a short-term and nongenomic mechanism in rat vascular endothelium in culture. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 36: 196-202.
100. Savoia C, Ebrahimian T, Lemarié CA, Paradis P, Iglarz M, Amiri F, Javeshghani D, Schiffrin EL (2010) Countervailing vascular effects of rosiglitazone in high cardiovascular risk mice: role of oxidative stress and PRMT-1. Clin Sci 118: 583-592.
101. Scalera F, Martens-Lobenhoffer J, Bukowska A, Lendeckel U, Täger M, Bode-Böger SM (2008) Effect of telmisartan on nitric oxide-asymmetrical dimethylarginine system: role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor gamma and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma signaling during endothelial aging. Hypertension 51: 696-703.
102. Schnabel R, Blankenberg S, Lubos E, Lackner KJ, Rupprecht HJ, Espinola- Klein C, Jachmann N, Post F, Peetz D, Bickel C, Cambien F, Tiret L, Munzel T (2005) Asymmetric dimethylarginine and the risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with coronary artery disease: results from the AtheroGene Study. Circ Res 97: e53-e59.
103. Scott HS, Antonarakis SE, Lalioti MD, Rossier C, Silver PA, Henry MF (1998) Identification and characterization of two putative human arginine methyltransferases (HRMT1L1 and HRMT1L2). Genomics 48: 330-340.
104. Sen N, Tavil Y, Erdamar H, Yazici HU, Cakir E, Akgül EO, Bilgi C, Erbil MK, Poyraz F, Okyay K, Turfan M, Cemri M (2009) Nebivolol therapy improves endothelial function and increases exercise tolerance in patients with cardiac syndrome X. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 9: 371-379.
105. Shaish A, Daugherty A, O'Sullivan F, Schonfeld G, Heinecke JW (1995) Betacarotene inhibits atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Clin Invest 96:2075-2082.
106. Shaw L, Taggart MJ, Austin C (2000) Mechanisms of 17beta-oestradiol induced vasodilatation in isolated pressurized rat small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 129: 555-565.
107. Shulman AI, Mangelsdorf DJ (2005) Retinoid x receptor heterodimers in the metabolic syndrome. N Engl J Med 353: 604-615.
108. Simon BC, Haudenschild CC, Cohen RA (1993) Preservation of endothelium-dependent relaxation in atherosclerotic rabbit aorta by probucol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 21: 893-901.
109. Sorrenti V, Mazza F, Campisi A, Vanella L, Li Volti G, Di Giacomo C (2006) High glucose-mediated imbalance of nitric oxide synthase and dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase expression in endothelial cells. Curr Neurovasc Res 3: 49-54.
110. Stühlinger MC, Oka RK, Graf EE, Schmolzer I, Upson BM, Kapoor O, Szuba A, Malinow MR, Wascher TC, Pachinger O, Cooke JP (2003) Endothelial dysfunction induced hyperhomocysteinemia: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation 108: 933-938.
111. Stühlinger MC, Tsao PS, Her JH, Kimoto M, Balint RF, Cooke JP (2001) Homocysteine impairs the nitric oxide synthase pathway: role of asymmetric dimethylarginine. Circulation 104: 2569-2575.
112. Stühlinger MC, Abbasi F, Chu JW, Lamendola C, McLaughlin TL, Cooke JP, Reaven GM, Tsao PS (2002) Relationship between insulin resistance and an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. JAMA 287: 1420-1426.
113. Suda O, Tsutsui M, Morishita T, Tasaki H, Ueno S, Nakata S, Tsujimoto T, Toyohira Y, Hayashida Y, Sasaguri Y, Ueta Y, Nakashima Y, Yanagihara N (2004) Asymmetric dimethylarginine produces vascular lesions in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice: involvement of rennin-angiotensin system and oxidative stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1682-1688.
114. SydowK, Münzel T (2003) ADMA and oxidative stress. Atheroscler Suppl 4: 41-51.
115. Sydow K, Schwedhelm E, Arakawa N, Bode-Böger SM, Tsikas D, Hornig B, Frölich JC, Böger RH (2003) ADMA and oxidative stress are responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hyperhomocyst(e)inemia: effects of L-arginine and B vitamins. Cardiovasc Res 57: 244-252.
116. Tagawa T, Urabe Y, Kimura Y, Suzuki S, Ono H, Takeda K (2004) Longterm treatment with probucol improves endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Hypertens Res 27: 311-318.
117. Tan KC, Chow WS, Ai VH, Metz C, Bucala R, Lam KS (2002) Advanced glycation end products and endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 25: 1055-1059.
118. Tanaka M, Osanai T, Murakami R, Sasaki S, Tomita H, Maeda N, Satoh K, Magota K, Okumura K (2006) Effect of vasoconstrictor coupling factor 6 on gene expression profile in human vascular endothelial cells: enhanced release of asymmetric dimethylarginine. J Hypertens 24: 489-497.
119. Tang WJ, Hu CP, Chen MF, Deng PY, Li YJ (2006) Epigallocatechin gallate preserves endothelial function by reducing the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor level. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 84: 163-171.
120. Thaha M, Widodo, Pranawa W, Yogiantoro M, Tomino Y (2008) Intravenous n-acetylcysteine during hemodialysis reduces asymmetric dimethylarginine level in end-stage renal disease patients. Clin Nephrol 69: 24-32.
121. Thibodeau PA, Kachadourian R, Lemay R, Bisson M, Day BJ, Paquette B (2002) In vitro pro- and antioxidant properties of estrogens. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 81: 227-236.
122. Title LM, Cummings PM, Giddens K, Genest Jr. JJ, Nassar BA (2000) Effect of folic acid and antioxidant vitamins on endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 36: 758-765.
123. Tran CT, Fox MF, Vallance P, Leiper JM (2000) Chromosomal localization, gene structure, and expression pattern of DDAH1: comparison with DDAH2 and implications for evolutionary origins. Genomics 68: 101-105.
124. Tran CT, Leiper JM, Vallance P (2003) The DDAH/ADMA/NOS pathway. Atheroscler Suppl 4: 33-40.
125. Tsao PS, Theilmeier G, Singer AH, Leung LL, Cooke JP (1994) L-arginine attenuates platelet reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Arterioscler Thromb 14: 1529-1533.
126. Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ, Delport R, Potgieter HC (1994) Vitamin requirements for the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in humans. J Nutr 124: 1927-1933.
127. Ueda S, Kato S, Matsuoka H, Kimoto M, Okuda S, Morimatsu M, Imaizumi T (2003) Regulation of cytokine-induced nitric oxide synthesis by asymmetric dimethylarginine: role of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase. Circ Res 92: 226-233.
128. Usui M, Matsuoka H, Miyazaki H, Ueda S, Okuda S, Imaizumi T (1999) Endothelial dysfunction by acute hyperhomocyst(e)inaemia: restoration by folic acid. Clin Sci 96: 235-239.
129. Usui M, Matsuoka H, Miyazaki H, Ueda S, Okuda S, Imaizumi T (1998) Increased endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in patients with congestive heart failure. Life Sci 62: 2425-2430.
130. Vallance P, Leiper J (2002) Blocking NO synthesis: how, where and why? Nat Rev Drug Discov 1: 939-950.
131. Vallance P, Leiper J (2004) Cardiovascular biology of the asymmetric dimethylarginine: dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24: 1023-1030.
132. Valtonen P, Punnonen K, Saarelainen H, Heiskanen N, Raitakari O, Juonala M, Viikari J, Alfthan G, Kähönen M, Laaksonen R, Lyyra-Laitinen T, Laitinen T, Heinonen S (2009) ADMA concentration changes across the menstrual cycle and during oral contraceptive use. The cardiovascular risk in young finns study. Eur J Endocrinol 162: 259-265.
133. Wagner JD, Zhang L, Williams JK, Register TC, Ackerman DM, Wiita B, Clarkson TB, Adams MR (1996) Esterified estrogens with and without methyltestosterone decrease arterial LDL metabolism in cynomolgus monkeys. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 16: 1473-1480.
134. Wakino S, Hayashi K, Tatematsu S, Hasegawa K, Takamatsu I, Kanda T, Homma K, Yoshioka K, Sugano N, Saruta T (2005) Pioglitazone lowers systemic asymmetric dimethylarginine by inducing dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase in rats. Hypertens Res 28: 255-262.
135. Wanby P, Teerlink T, Brudin L, Brattström L, Nilsson I, Palmqvist P, Carlsson M (2006) Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a risk marker for stroke and TIA in a Swedish population. Atherosclerosis 185: 271-277.
136. Wang BY, Candipan RC, Arjomandi M, Hsiun PT, Tsao PS, Cooke JP (1996) Arginine restores nitric oxide activity and inhibits monocyte accumulation after vascular injury in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. J Am Coll Cardiol 28:1573-1579.
137. Wang J, Sim AS, Wang XL, Salonikas C, Naidoo D, Wilcken DE (2006) Relations between plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and risk factors for coronary disease. Atherosclerosis 184: 383-388.
138. Wang J, Sim AS, Wang XL, Wilcken DE (2006) L-arginine regulates asymmetric dimethylarginine metabolism by inhibiting dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase activity in hepatic (HepG2) cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 63: 2838-2846.
139. Wu G, Morris SM Jr (1998) Arginine metabolism: nitric oxide and beyond. Biochem J 336: 1-17.
140. Xin HY, Jiang DJ, Jia SJ, Song K, Wang GP, Li YJ, Chen FP (2007) Regulation by DDAH/ADMA pathway of lipopolysaccharide-induced tissue factor expression in endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost 97: 830-838.
141. Xiong Y, Deng HW, Li YJ (1994) Nitric oxide mediates the protective effect of ramiprilat against damages of rabbit aortic endothelium by oxygen free radicals. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol 8: 241-245.
142. Xiong Y, Lei MX, Xie N (2002) The changes in serum content of endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase in type 2 diabetic patients. Chinese Journal of Diabetes 10: 60-61.
143. Xiong Y, Fu YF, Fu SH, Zhou HH (2003) Elevated levels of the serum endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and metabolic control in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 42: 191-196. (Pubitemid 36899670)
144. Yang TL, Chen MF, Luo BL, Yu J, Jiang JL, Li YJ (2004) Effect of fenofibrate on LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in rats. NaunynSchmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 370: 79-83.
145. Yang TL, Chen MF, Luo BL, Xie QY, Jiang JL, Li YJ (2005) Fenofibrate decreases asymmetric dimethylarginine level in cultured endothelial cells by inhibiting NF-kappaB activity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 371: 401-407.
146. Yin QF, Fu SH, He P, Xiong Y (2007) Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase inhibition and asymmetric dimethylarginine accumulation contribute to endothelial dysfunction in rats exposed to glycosylated protein: effects of aminoguanidine. Atherosclerosis 190: 53-61.
147. Young JM, Strey CH, George PM, Florkowski CM, Sies CW, Frampton CM, Scott RS (2008) Effect of atorvastatin on plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine in patients with non-ischaemic heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 10: 463-466.
148. Yu L, Gupta S, Xu F, Liverman AD, Moschetta A, Mangelsdorf DJ, Repa JJ, Hobbs HH, Cohen JC (2005) Expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 is required for regulation of biliary cholesterol secretion. J Biol Chem 280: 8742-8747. (Pubitemid 40409561)
149. Zhang H, Schmeisser A, Garlichs CD, Plotze K, Damme U, Mugge A, Daniel WG (1999) Angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion generation in human vascular endothelial cells: role of membranebound NADH-/NADPH-oxidases. Cardiovasc Res 44: 215-222.
150. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Maas R, Benedetto FA, Tripepi G, Malatino LS, Cataliotti A, Bellanuova I, Böger RH (2002) CREED Investigators: Left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling and asymmetric dimethylarginine in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int 62: 339-345.