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Volumn 110, Issue 7, 2010, Pages 4125-4163

Structures and properties of metalloid Al and Ga clusters open our eyes to the diversity and complexity of fundamental chemical and physical processes during formation and dissolution of metals

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALUMINUM CLUSTERS; ANIONIC CLUSTERS; FRAMEWORK STRUCTURES; GASPHASE; METAL-ATOM CLUSTER; METALLOID CLUSTERS; PHYSICAL PROCESS; QUANTUM CHEMICAL CALCULATIONS; REACTION ENERGY; SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS; SPIN CONSERVATION;

EID: 77955206108     PISSN: 00092665     EISSN: 15206890     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cr900375g     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (166)

References (283)
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    • 4 h symmetric dianion, which is energetically slightly preferred. We are deeply thankful to Prof. J. Ugalde, who noticed our mistake
    • 4 h symmetric dianion, which is energetically slightly preferred. We are deeply thankful to Prof. J. Ugalde, who noticed our mistake.
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    • In the spherical jellium model, an N atomic cluster is approximated by a spherical drop with a radius given by the volume of N bulk atoms. The valence electrons are assumed to be delocalized moving in a spherical symmetrical effective potential caused by the N positively charged atomic cores. The positive charge distribution N / V is taken to be homogenous. Solving the radial Schrödinger equation leads to orbitals that are occupied according to the Pauli principle. Due to the spherical symmetry, the electronic eigenstates in this model have the same degeneracies as those of the hydrogen atom with electronic shell closings at 2, 8, 20, 34, 40, etc. valence electrons. Metal clusters with such shell closings exhibit high electronic stability.
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    • As metioned earlier, these transitions are inherently slow in light atom containing species owing to their small spin-orbit coupling. (79)
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    • m (n > m) cluster compound at low temperatures even with the help of sophisticated low-temperature techniques failed because of the easy formation of Al metal. Obviously there is no significant barrier for this decomposition (e.g., by very large metalloid clusters or any other kinetic hindrance). Diploma Thesis, University Karlsruhe (TH)
    • m (n > m) cluster compound at low temperatures even with the help of sophisticated low-temperature techniques failed because of the easy formation of Al metal. Obviously there is no significant barrier for this decomposition (e.g., by very large metalloid clusters or any other kinetic hindrance). Huber, M. Diploma Thesis, University Karlsruhe (TH), 2004.
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    • The same is valid for the recently presented molecules exhibiting ZnZn (169) and MgMg (170, 171) single bonds
    • The same is valid for the recently presented molecules exhibiting ZnZn (169) and MgMg (170, 171) single bonds.
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    • 7-ring molecules should be slightly exothermic, that is, like in a substructure of γ-gallium. This reaction should be analogous to that of endohedral cage compounds. Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen
    • 7-ring molecules should be slightly exothermic, that is, like in a substructure of γ-gallium. This reaction should be analogous to that of endohedral cage compounds. Duan, T. Dissertation, Universität Karlsruhe (TH), Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen, 2004.
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    • n wires within these rings (Figure 29 d), and a combining ladder structure. Within these three substructures, the average values of the Ga-Ga distances are 264, 260, and 268 pm. The Ga-Ga distances between these substructures are 288 pm (average), significantly larger.
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    • In β-gallium, every Ga-atom is surrounded by [2 + 2 + 2 + 2] neighbor atoms. The distances are 268.8, 276.6, 286.4, and 291.9 pm
    • In β-gallium, every Ga-atom is surrounded by [2 + 2 + 2 + 2] neighbor atoms. The distances are 268.8, 276.6, 286.4, and 291.9 pm.
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    • Magnetization measurements in the field-cooled run show the true Meissner fraction associated with the field expulsion. (225)
    • Magnetization measurements in the field-cooled run show the true Meissner fraction associated with the field expulsion. (225)
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    • -0.5 = 7.8 nm. (225)
    • -0.5 = 7.8 nm. (225)
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    • The Zintl chemistry of Ge is not mentioned here. (240), (241), (242)
    • The Zintl chemistry of Ge is not mentioned here. (240), (241), (242)
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    • However, although there are a great number of chemical and physical methods proving this structure, a precise structure determination via X-ray experiments is missing so far. (256)
    • However, although there are a great number of chemical and physical methods proving this structure, a precise structure determination via X-ray experiments is missing so far. (256)
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    • Smaller metalloid Au clusters with similar AuSAu bonding motifs are not discussed here. (260)-(263)
    • Smaller metalloid Au clusters with similar AuSAu bonding motifs are not discussed here. (260)-(263)
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    • 12, 46, has already been published (194) and is briefly mentioned in section (Figure 36).
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    • n) are completely different from those of the metalloid clusters with their highly complex bonding and unexpected properties discussed here.
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    • note
    • The situation strongly reminds one of the high sophisticated investigations of the boranes by Alfred Stock nearly 100 years ago. (269, 270) However, the importance of these results for the development of the entire chemistry, and especially of general bonding principles, was only realized after the essential investigations by scientists like W. N. Lipscomb some decades later. (271)
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    • See also, accessed
    • See also http://nobelprize.org/chemistry/laureates/1976/lipscomb-lecture. pdf, accessed 2005.
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* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.