Applying recommendations from the literature on stereotype threat: Two field studies

Journal of Business and Psychology

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 493-504

  Gillespie, Jennifer Z ^a   Converse, Patrick D ^b   Kriska, S David ^c  

^a BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^c WALDEN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Employment testing; Race; Social identity; Stereotype threat; Subgroup differences

Indexed keywords

EID: 77955092718     PISSN: 08893268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10869-010-9178-1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Aronson, J., & Steele, C. M. (2005). Stereotypes and the fragility of human competence, motivation, and self-concept. In C. Dweck & E. Elliot (Eds.), Handbook of competence & motivation. New York: Guilford.
2. Beilock, S. L., Rydell, R. J., & McConnell, A. R. (2007). Stereotype threat and working memory: Mechanisms, alleviation, and spill over. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 136, 256-276.
3. Bergeron, D. M., Block, C. J., & Echtenkamp, A. (2006). Disabling the able: Stereotype threat and women's work performance. Human Performance, 19, 133-158.
4. Bies, R. J. (2005). Are procedural justice and interactional justice conceptually distinct? In J. Greenberg & J. A. Colquitt (Eds.), The handbook of organizational justice (pp. 85-105). Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
5. Brown, R. P., & Day, E. A. (2006). The difference isn't black and white: Stereotype threat and the race gap on Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 979-985.
6. Cohen, G., Steele, C. M., & Ross, L. D. (1999). The mentor's dilemma: Providing critical feedback across the racial divide. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 1302-1318.
7. Converse, P. D., Nguyen, H.-H. D., Schurkamp, C., & Ryan, A. M. (2001, February 15). Report to the City of Columbus, Ohio: Firefighter incumbent survey data analysis. Submitted to the Columbus Fire Department, Columbus, OH.
8. Easterbrook, J. A. (1959). The effect of emotion on cue utilization and the organization of behavior. Psychological Review, 66, 183-201.
9. Katz, I., Roberts, S. O., & Robinson, J. M. (1965). Effects of task difficulty, race of administrator, and instruction on digit-symbol performance of Negroes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34, 53-59.
10. Major, B., & O'Brien, L. T. (2005). The social psychology of stigma. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 393-421.
11. Marx, D., Brown, J., & Steele, C. M. (1999). Allport's legacy and the situational press of stereotypes. Journal of Social Issues, 55, 491-502.
12. Mayer, D. M., & Hanges, P. J. (2003). Understanding the stereotype threat effect with "culture-free" tests: An examination of its mediators and measurement. Human Performance, 16, 207-230.
13. McCarl, R. (1985). The District of Columbia Fire Fighters' Project: A case study in occupational folklife (p. 242). Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, Smithsonian Folklife Studies, No. 4.
14. McFarland, L. A., Lev-Arey, D. M., & Ziegert, J. M. (2003). An examination of stereotype threat in a motivational context. Human Performance, 16, 181-205.
15. McKay, P. F., Doverspike, D., Bowen-Hilton, D., & Martin, Q. D. (2002). Stereotype threat effects on the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices scores of African Americans. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32, 767-787.
16. McKay, P. F., Doverspike, D., Bowen-Hilton, D., & McKay, Q. D. (2003). The effects of demographic variables and stereotype threat on Black/White differences in cognitive ability test performance. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18, 1-14.
17. Nguyen, H.-H. D., O'Neal, A., & Ryan, A. M. (2003). Relating test-taking attitudes and skills and stereotype threat effects to the racial gap in cognitive ability test performance. Human Performance, 16, 261-293.
18. Ployhart, R. E., Ziegert, J. C., & McFarland, L. A. (2003). Explaining racial differences in cognitive ability tests in selection contexts: An integration of stereotype threat and applicant reactions research. Human Performance, 16, 231-259.
19. Roberson, L., Deitch, E. A., Brief, A. P., & Block, C. J. (2003). Stereotype threat and feedback seeking in the workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 62, 176-188.
20. Ryan, A. M. (2001). Explaining the Black/White test score gap: The role of test perceptions. Human Performance, 14, 45-75.
21. Ryan, A. M., Ployhart, R. E., Greguras, G. G., & Schmit, M. J. (1998). Test preparation programs in selection contexts: Self-selection and program effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, 51, 599-622.
22. Ryan, A. M., Sacco, J. M., McFarland, L. A., & Kriska, S. D. (2000). Applicant self-selection: Correlates of withdrawal from a multiple hurdle process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 163-179.
23. Sackett, P. R. (2003). Stereotype threat in applied selection settings: A commentary. Human Performance, 16, 295-309.
24. Sackett, P. R., Hardison, C. M., & Cullen, M. J. (2004). On interpreting stereotype threat as accounting for Black-White differences on cognitive tests. American Psychologist, 59, 7-13.
25. Sackett, P. R., Schmitt, N., Ellingson, J. E., & Kabin, M. B. (2001). High stakes testing in employment, credentialing, and higher education: Prospects in a post-affirmative action world. American Psychologist, 56, 302-318.
26. Schmidt, F. L. (2002). The role of general cognitive ability and test performance: Why there cannot be a debate. Human Performance, 15, 187-210.
27. Schmidt, F. L., & Hunter, J. E. (1998). The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 262-274.
28. Schmit, M. J., & Ryan, A. M. (1997). Applicant withdrawal: The role of test taking attitudes and racial differences. Personnel Psychology, 50, 855-876.
29. Schmitt, N., Clause, C., & Pulakos, E. (1996). Subgroup differences associates with different measures of some common job relevant constructs. In C. L. Cooper & I. T. Robertson (Eds.), International review of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 115-139). New York: Wiley.
30. Sekaquaptewa, D., & Thompson, M. (2002). The differential effects of solo status on members of high and low status groups. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 694-707.
31. Smith, J. L. (2004). Understanding the process of stereotype threat: A review of mediational variables and new performance goal directions. Educational Psychology Review, 16, 177-206.
32. Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
33. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
34. Steele, C. M., & Davies, P. G. (2003). Stereotype threat and employment testing: A commentary. Human Performance, 16, 311-326.
35. Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. J., & Aronson, J. (2002). Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances experimental social psychology (Vol. 34, pp. 379-440). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
36. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), The psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
37. Tyler, T., Smith, H., & Huo, Y. J. (1996). Member diversity and leadership effectiveness. Procedural justice, social identity, and group dynamics. Advances in Group Processes, 13, 33-66.