Allport's legacy and the situational press of stereotypes

Journal of Social Issues

Volumn 55, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 491-502

  Marx, David M ^a,d,e   Brown, Joseph L ^b   Steele, Claude M ^c  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0011087334     PISSN: 00224537     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0022-4537.00129     Document Type: Article

References (18)

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2. Aronson, J., Lustina, M. J., Good, C., Keough, K., Steele, C. M., & Brown, J. L. (1999). When White men can't do math: Necessary and sufficient factors in stereotype threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 29-46.
3. Brill, A. A. (Ed.). (1938). The basic writings of Sigmund Freud. New York: Random House.
4. Brown, J. L., & Steele, C. M. (1999). Creating trust vs. boosting confidence: Contrasting approaches to reducing the effects of negative stereotypes on intellectual performance. Manuscript in preparation, University of Washington, Seattle.
5. Brunstein, J. C., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (1996). Effects of failure on subsequent performance: The importance of self-defining goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 395-407.
6. Cohen, G. L., Steele, C. M., & Ross, L. D. (in press). The mentor's dilemma: Providing critical feedback across the racial divide. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
7. Howard, J., & Hammond, R. (1985, September 9). Rumors of inferiority. New Republic, 72, 18-23.
8. Major, B., & Schmader, T. (1998). Coping with stigma through psychological disengagement. In J. K. Swim & C. Stangor (Eds.), Prejudice: The target's perspective (pp. 219-241). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
9. Major, B., Spencer, S., Schmader, T., Wolfe, C., & Crocker, J. (1998). Coping with negative stereotypes about intellectual performance: The role of psychological disengagement. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin, 24, 34-50.
10. Marx, D. M., & Ruggiero, K. M. (1999). Role-conferred competence: How minority experimenters affect minority students' test performance. Manuscript in preparation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
11. Mathews, J. (1988). Escalante: The best teacher in America. New York: Henry Holt and Company.
12. Merton, R. K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. The Antioch Review, 8, 193-210.
13. Spencer, S. J., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. (1999). Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4-28.
14. Stangor, C., Carr, C., & Kiang, L. (1998). Activating stereotypes undermines task performance expectations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 1191-1197.
15. Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52, 613-629.
16. Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995). Stereotype vulnerability and the intellectual test performance of Blacks. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69, 797-811.
17. Steele, C. M., Spencer, S. S., Hummel, M., Carter, K., Harber, K., Schoem, D., & Nisbett, R. (1999). African American college achievement: A "wise" intervention. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
18. Steele, S. (1990). The content of our character. New York: St. Martin's Press.