The early Kraepelin's dichotomy of schizophrenia and affective disorder-Evidence of separate diseases?

European Journal of Psychiatry

Volumn 24, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 98-113

  Hafner H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Affective disorder; Course; Prodomal symptoms; Schizophrenia; Symptom dimensions

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANHEDONIA; APATHY; APPETITE DISORDER; ARTICLE; ATTENTION DISTURBANCE; BLUNTED AFFECT; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DISEASE COURSE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HEADACHE; HOSPITAL ADMISSION; HUMAN; INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES; LIBIDO DISORDER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENTAL CONCENTRATION; MOOD DISORDER; NERVOUSNESS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PSYCHOSOCIAL WITHDRAWAL; RESTLESSNESS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SPEECH DISORDER; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THOUGHT DISORDER;

EID: 77954655134     PISSN: 02136163     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Kraepelin E. Psychiatrie, 5th edn. Leipzig: Barth; 1896.
2. Kraepelin E. Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins. Zschr Ges Neurol Psychiat 1920; 62: 1-29.
3. Kendell RE, Brockington IF. The identification of disease entities and the relationship between schizophrenic and affective psychoses. Br J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 324-331.
4. Freyhan FA. Psychomotilität, extrapyramidale Syndrome und Wirkungsweisen neuroleptischer. Therapien Nervenarzt 1957; 28: 504-509.
5. Owen MJ, Craddock N, O'Donovan MC. Schizophrenia: genes at last? Trends Genet 2005; 21: 518-525.
6. Owen MJ, Craddock N, Jablensky A. The genetic deconstruction of psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2007; 33: 905-911.
7. De Lisi LE, Faraone SV. When is a "positive" association truly a "positive" in psychiatric genetics? A commentary based on issues debated at the World Congress of Psychiatric Genetics, Boston, October 12-18, 2005. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr 2006; 141B: 319-322.
8. Li D, He L. Association study between the dystrobrevin binding protein I gene (DTNBP1) and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2007; 96: 112-118.
9. Li D, He L. G72/G30 genes and schizophrenia: a systematic meta-analysis of association studies. Genetics 2007; 175: 917-922.
10. Sanders AR, Duan J, Levinson DF, Shi J, He D, Hou C, et al. No significant association of 14 candidate genes with schizophrenia in a large European ancestry sample: implications for psychiatric genetics. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165: 497-506.
11. Berrettini WH. Are schizophrenic and bipolar disorders related? A review of family and molecular studies. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 48: 531-538.
12. Craddock N, O'Donovan MC, Owen MJ. Genetics of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: dissecting psychosis. J Med Genet 2005; 42: 193-204.
13. Van den Bogaert A, Del-Favero J, van Broeckhoven C. Major affective disorders and schizophrenia: a common molecular signature? Hum Mutat 2006; 27: 833-853.
14. Hattori E, Liu C, Badner JA, Bonner TI, Christian SL, Maheshwari M, et al. Polymorphisms at the G72/G30 gene locus, on 13q33, are associated with bipolar disorder in two independent pedigree series. Am J Hum Genet 2003; 72: 1131-1140.
15. Detera-Wadleigh SD, McMahon FJ. G72/G30 in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: review and metaanalysis. Biol Psychiatry 2006; 60: 106-114.
16. Chumakov I, Blumenfeld M, Guerassimenko O, Cavarec L, Palicio M, Abderrahim H, et al. Genetic and physiological data implicatining the new human gene G72 and the gene for D-amino acid oxidase in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 13675-13680.
17. Williams NM, Green EK, Macgregor S, Dwyer S, Norton N, Williams H, et al. Variation at the DAOA/G30 locus influences susceptibility to major mood episodes but not psychosis in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 366-373.
18. Hennah W, Thomson P, Peltonen L, Porteous D. Genes and schizophrenia: beyond schizophrenia: the role of DISC1 in major mental illness. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32: 409-416.
19. Craddock N, Owen MJ. Rethinking psychosis: the disadvantages of a dichotomous classification now outweigh the advantages. World Psychiatry 2007; 6: 20-27.
20. Kane JM, Lencz T. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia: short-term and long-term. World Psychiatry 2008; 7: 29-30.
21. Van Os J, Janssen I, Hanssen M, Bak M, Myin-Germeys I, Marcelis M, et al. Cognitive epidemiology: psychological and social risk mechanisms for psychosis. In: Häfner H, editor. Risk and protective factors in schizophrenia. Darmstadt: Steinkopff; 2002; p. 207-228.
22. Van Os J, Krabbendam L, Myin-Germeys I, Delespaul P. The schizophrenia envirome. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2005; 18: 141-145.
23. Selten JP, Cantor-Graae E, Kahn RS. Migration and schizophrenia. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2007; 20: 111-115.
24. W, Selten JP, Susser E, Laan W, Mackenbach JP, Hoek HW. Discrimination and the incidence of psychotic disorders among ethnic minorities in The Netherlands. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36: 761-768.
25. Ødegaard Ø. Emigration and insanity. A study of mental disease among the Norwegian-born population of Minnesota. Acta Psychiat (Kbh) 1932; Suppl 4.
26. Breier A, Schreiber JL, Dyer J, Pickar D. National Institute of Mental Health longitudinal study of chronic schizophrenia: prognosis and predictors of outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48: 239-246.
27. Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA. Long-term outcome of major psychoses. I. Schizophrenia and affective disorders compared with psychiatrically symptom-free surgical conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979; 36: 1295-1301.
28. Marneros A, Deister A, Rohde A. Affektive, schizoaffektive und schizophrene Psychosen. Berlin: Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; 1991.
29. Häfner H, Maurer K, Ruhrmann S, Bechdolf S, Klosterkötter J, Wagner M, et al. Early detection and secondary prevention of psychosis: facts and visions. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2004; 254: 117-128.
30. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, Riecher-Rössler A. The influence of age and sex on the onset and early course of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 1993; 162: 80-86.
31. Häfner H, Nowotny B, Löffler W, an der Heiden W, Maurer K. When and how does schizophrenia lead to social deficits?. Eur Arch Psychiatr Clin Neurosci 1995; 246: 17-28.
32. Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N. Measurement and classification of psychiatric symptoms: An instruction manual for the PSE and CATEGO Program. London: Cambridge University Press; 1974.
33. Andreasen NC. The scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). Iowa City: University of Iowa; 1983.
34. Biehl H, Maurer K, Jablensky A, Cooper JE, Tomov T. The WHO Psychological Impairments Rating Schedule (WHO/PIRS). I. Introducing a new instrument for rating observed behaviour and the rationale of the psychological impairment concept. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 155 (Suppl. 7): 68-70.
35. WHO -World Health Organization. Psychiatric Disability Assessment Schedule. Geneva: WHO; 1988.
36. Jung E, Krumm B, Biehl H, Maurer K, Bauer-Schubart C. Mannheimer Skala zur Einschätzung von sozialer Behinderung (DAS-M). Weinheim: Beltz; 1989.
37. Häfner H, Riecher-Rössler A, Hambrecht M, Maurer K, Meissner S, Schmidtke A, et al. IRAOS: an instrument for the assessment of onset and early course of schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 1992; 6: 209-223.
38. Häfner H, Löffler W, Maurer K, Riecher-Rössler A, Stein A. IRAOS. Interview für die retrospektive Erfassung des Erkrankungsbeginns und -verlaufs bei Schizophrenie und anderen Psychosen. Bern: Hans Huber Verlag; 1999.
39. Häfner H, Löffler W, Maurer K, Riecher-Rössler A, Stein A. IRAOS - Interview for the retrospective assessment of the onset and course of schizophrenia and other psychoses. Göttingen: Hogrefe & Huber; 2003.
40. An der Heiden W, Könnecke R, Maurer K, Ropeter D, Häfner H. Depression in the long-term course of schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2005; 255: 174-184.
41. Häfner H, Maurer K, Trendler G, an der Heiden W, Schmidt M, Könnecke R. Schizophrenia and depression: challenging the paradigm of two separate diseases - a controlled study of schizophrenia, depression and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2005; 77: 11-24.
42. Häfner H, an der Heiden W, Maurer K. Evidence for separate diseases? Stages of one disease or different combinations of symptom dimensions?. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 258 (Suppl.2): 85-96.
43. Häfner H. Psychose, depression und manische Symptomatik - Leitsyndrome eigener Krankheiten oder Kontinuum? In: Möller H-J, Müller N, editors. Schizophrenie - Zukunftsperspektiven in Klinik und Forschung. Wien: Springer; 2010 (in print).
44. Häfner H, an der Heiden W, Behrens S, Gattaz WF, Hambrecht M, Löffler W, et al. Causes and consequences of the gender difference in age at onset of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1998; 24: 99-113.
45. Häfner H, Maurer K, Löffler W, an der Heiden W, Munk-JΔrgensen P, Hambrecht M, et al. The ABC schizophrenia study: a preliminary overview of the results. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 1998; 33: 380-386.
46. Gold S, Arndt S, Nopoulos P, O'Leary DS, Andreasen NC. Longitudinal study of cognitive function in first-episode and recent-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1342-1348.
47. Goldberg TE, David A, Gold JM. Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia. In: Hirsch SR,Weinberger D, editos. Schizophrenia, 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2003; p. 168-184.