메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 110-122

Practical approach to paediatric enteral nutrition: A comment by the ESPGHAN committee on nutrition

Author keywords

complications; enteral nutrition support; formulations; indications; paediatric patients; techniques

Indexed keywords

CEFTRIAXONE; CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; METRONIDAZOLE; MILK PROTEIN;

EID: 77954423370     PISSN: 02772116     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181d336d2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (241)

References (118)
  • 1
    • 22044437211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for nutrition support teams in pediatric units: A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
    • Agostoni C, Axelson I, Colomb V, et al. The need for nutrition support teams in pediatric units: a commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:8-11.
    • (2005) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 8-11
    • Agostoni, C.1    Axelson, I.2    Colomb, V.3
  • 2
    • 0034873882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards implementation of optimum nutrition and better clinical nutrition support
    • Jonkers CF, Prins F, Van Kempen A, et al. Towards implementation of optimum nutrition and better clinical nutrition support. Clin Nutr 2001;20:361-366
    • (2001) Clin Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 361-366
    • Jonkers, C.F.1    Prins, F.2    Van Kempen, A.3
  • 3
    • 0036022716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Artificial nutrition: Dilemmas in decision making
    • Planas M, Camilo ME. Artificial nutrition: dilemmas in decision making. Clin Nutr 2002;21:355-361
    • (2002) Clin Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 355-361
    • Planas, M.1    Camilo, M.E.2
  • 4
    • 77954424917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional Support in Children. Nutrition Communications
    • Topical review
    • Topical review. Nutritional Support in Children. Nutrition Communications. Nutricia HealthCare 2002.
    • (2002) Nutricia HealthCare
  • 5
    • 70350438734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition support
    • Koletzko B, ed Basel: Karger
    • Kolacek S. Enteral nutrition support. In: Koletzko B, ed. Pediatric Nutrition in Practice. Basel: Karger; 2008:142-146
    • (2008) Pediatric Nutrition in Practice , pp. 142-146
    • Kolacek, S.1
  • 6
    • 0036514947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of enteral nutrition therapy: From raw eggs and nasal tubes to purified amino acids and early postoperative jejunal delivery
    • Harkness L. The history of enteral nutrition therapy: from raw eggs and nasal tubes to purified amino acids and early postoperative jejunal delivery. J Am Diet Assoc 2002;102:399-404.
    • (2002) J Am Diet Assoc , vol.102 , pp. 399-404
    • Harkness, L.1
  • 7
    • 33744507859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition. Terminology, definitions and general topics
    • Lochs H, Allison SP, Meier R, et al. Introduction to the ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition. Terminology, definitions and general topics. Clin Nutr 2006;25:180-186
    • (2006) Clin Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 180-186
    • Lochs, H.1    Allison, S.P.2    Meier, R.3
  • 8
    • 84900643294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission Directive 1999/21/EC of 25 March 1999 on dietary foods for special medical purposes. Accessed
    • Commission Directive 1999/21/EC of 25 March 1999 on dietary foods for special medical purposes. http://www.idace.org/legislation/fsmps/Dir%2099- 21%20FSMPs.pdf. Accessed.
  • 9
    • 34548363947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Enteral nutrition in active Crohn's disease in children
    • Dziechciarz P, Horvath A, Shamir R, et al. Meta-analysis: enteral nutrition in active Crohn's disease in children. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;26:795-806.
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.26 , pp. 795-806
    • Dziechciarz, P.1    Horvath, A.2    Shamir, R.3
  • 10
    • 0029099929 scopus 로고
    • Challenge confirmation of late-onset reactions to extensively hydrolyzed formulas in infants with multiple food protein intolerance
    • Hill DJ, Cameron DJS, Francis DEM, et al. Challenge confirmation of late-onset reactions to extensively hydrolyzed formulas in infants with multiple food protein intolerance. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;96:386-394
    • (1995) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.96 , pp. 386-394
    • Hill, D.J.1    Djs, C.2    Dem, F.3
  • 12
    • 0028438761 scopus 로고
    • Overfeeding in the critically ill child: Facts or fantasy?
    • Chwals WJ. Overfeeding in the critically ill child: facts or fantasy? New Horiz 1994;2:147-155
    • (1994) New Horiz , vol.2 , pp. 147-155
    • Chwals, W.J.1
  • 13
    • 0019179123 scopus 로고
    • Septic autocannibalism: A failure of exogenous nutritional support
    • Cerra FB, Siegel JH, Coleman B, et al. Septic autocannibalism: a failure of exogenous nutritional support. Ann Surg 1980; 192:570-580
    • (1980) Ann Surg , vol.192 , pp. 570-580
    • Cerra, F.B.1    Siegel, J.H.2    Coleman, B.3
  • 15
    • 34147108808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition support
    • Liu K. Enteral nutrition support. Dis Mon 2002;48:749-782
    • (2002) Dis Mon , vol.48 , pp. 749-782
    • Liu, K.1
  • 19
    • 11844302188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of enteral nutrition\effects on the intestinal immune system
    • Wildhaber BE, Yang H, Spencer AU, et al. Lack of enteral nutrition\effects on the intestinal immune system. J Surg Res 2005;123:8-16.
    • (2005) J Surg Res , vol.123 , pp. 8-16
    • Wildhaber, B.E.1    Yang, H.2    Spencer, A.U.3
  • 20
    • 0037229868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of route and type of nutrition on intestine-derived inflammatory response
    • Kudsk K. Effect of route and type of nutrition on intestine-derived inflammatory response. Am J Surg 2003;185:16-21.
    • (2003) Am J Surg , vol.185 , pp. 16-21
    • Kudsk, K.1
  • 21
    • 0013080658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anonymous Making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices
    • Anonymous. Making health care safer: a critical analysis of patient safety practices. Evid Rep Technol Assess 2001;43:651-668
    • (2001) Evid Rep Technol Assess , vol.43 , pp. 651-668
  • 22
    • 0031751927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost and outcome analysis of home parenteral and enteral nutrition
    • Reddy P, Malone M. Cost and outcome analysis of home parenteral and enteral nutrition. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1998;22:302-310
    • (1998) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.22 , pp. 302-310
    • Reddy, P.1    Malone, M.2
  • 23
    • 34249742054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition in critically ill children: Are prescription and delivery according to their energy requirements?
    • de Oliviera Iglesias SB, Leite HP, Santana e Meneses JF, et al. Enteral nutrition in critically ill children: are prescription and delivery according to their energy requirements? Nutr Clin Pract 2007;22:233-239
    • (2007) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.22 , pp. 233-239
    • De Oliviera Iglesias, S.B.1    Leite, H.P.2    Santanae Meneses, J.F.3
  • 24
    • 40549115308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for gastrointestinal complications in critically ill children with transpyloric enteral nutrition
    • Lopez-Hercl J, Santiago MJ, Sanchez, et al. Risk factors for gastrointestinal complications in critically ill children with transpyloric enteral nutrition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2008;62:395-400.
    • (2008) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.62 , pp. 395-400
    • Lopez-Hercl, J.1    Sanchez, S.M.2
  • 25
    • 39149098499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional goals, prescription and delivery in a pediatric intensive care unit
    • De Neef M, Geukers VGM, Dral A, et al. Nutritional goals, prescription and delivery in a pediatric intensive care unit. Clin Nutr 2008;27:65-71.
    • (2008) Clin Nutr , vol.27 , pp. 65-71
    • De Neef, M.1    Vgm, G.2    Dral, A.3
  • 26
    • 61949099397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: What differs between adults and children?
    • Lopez-Hercl J. Gastrointestinal complications in critically ill patients: what differs between adults and children? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2009;12:180-185
    • (2009) Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care , vol.12 , pp. 180-185
    • Lopez-Hercl, J.1
  • 27
    • 0037227447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of small amounts of a low residual diet against total parenteral nutrition
    • Ohta K, Omura K, Kathuyaso H, et al. The effects of small amounts of a low residual diet against total parenteral nutrition. Am J Surg 2003;185:79-85.
    • (2003) Am J Surg , vol.185 , pp. 79-85
    • Ohta, K.1    Omura, K.2    Kathuyaso, H.3
  • 28
    • 84921431241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal enteral nutrition for promoting tolerance and preventing morbidity in parenterally fed infants
    • Tyson JI, Kennedy KA. Minimal enteral nutrition for promoting tolerance and preventing morbidity in parenterally fed infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2005;3:CD000504.
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.3
    • Tyson, J.I.1    Kennedy, K.A.2
  • 29
    • 28944432178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional support in children and adolescents
    • Sobotka L, ed Prague: Galen
    • Goulet O, Koletzko B. Nutritional support in children and adolescents. In: Sobotka L, ed. Basics in Clinical Nutrition. Prague: Galen; 2004: 439-454
    • (2004) Basics in Clinical Nutrition , pp. 439-454
    • Goulet, O.1    Koletzko, B.2
  • 30
    • 77954424838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reference nutrient intakes for infants, children and adolescents
    • Koletzko B, Cooper P, Garza C, eds Basel: Karger
    • Koletzko B, Hermoso M. Reference nutrient intakes for infants, children and adolescents. In: Koletzko B, Cooper P, Garza C, eds. Children's Nutrition\A Practical Reference Guide. Basel: Karger; 2008:285-292
    • (2008) Children's Nutrition\A Practical Reference Guide , pp. 285-292
    • Koletzko, B.1    Hermoso, M.2
  • 31
    • 0042634277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-digestible carbohydrates in the diets of infants and young children. A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
    • Aggett P, Agostoni C, Axelsson I, et al. Non-digestible carbohydrates in the diets of infants and young children. A commentary by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2003;36:329-337
    • (2003) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.36 , pp. 329-337
    • Aggett, P.1    Agostoni, C.2    Axelsson, I.3
  • 32
    • 84882331346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digestible and indigestible carbohydrates
    • Koletzko B, Cooper P, Garza C, eds Basel: Karger
    • Kien CL. Digestible and indigestible carbohydrates. In: Koletzko B, Cooper P, Garza C, eds. Children's Nutrition\A Practical Reference Guide. Basel: Karger; 2008:42-46
    • (2008) Children's Nutrition\A Practical Reference Guide , pp. 42-46
    • Kien, C.L.1
  • 34
    • 11144260473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commission Directive 2006/141/EC of 22 December 2006 on infant formulae and follow-on formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC L401/1, 30.12.2006
    • Commission Directive 2006/141/EC of 22 December 2006 on infant formulae and follow-on formulae and amending Directive 1999/21/EC. Official Journal of the European Union, L401/1, 30.12.2006.
    • Official Journal of the European Union
  • 35
    • 27644489939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global standard for the composition of infant formula: Recommendations of an ESPGHAN coordinated international expert group
    • Koletzko B, Baker S, Cleghorn G, et al. Global standard for the composition of infant formula: recommendations of an ESPGHAN coordinated international expert group. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2005;41:584-599
    • (2005) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.41 , pp. 584-599
    • Koletzko, B.1    Baker, S.2    Cleghorn, G.3
  • 36
    • 33645819422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine), Ebner C, Hartl W, Heymann C, Spies C
    • ESPEN (European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: intensive care
    • Kreymann KG, Berger MM, Deutz NE, et al. DGEM (German Society for Nutritional Medicine), Ebner C, Hartl W, Heymann C, Spies C; ESPEN (European Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition). ESPEN Guidelines on Enteral Nutrition: intensive care. Clin Nutr 2006;25:210-223
    • (2006) Clin Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 210-223
    • Kreymann, K.G.1    Berger, M.M.2    Deutz, N.E.3
  • 37
    • 18244387730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients
    • ASPEN Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force
    • ASPEN Board of Directors and the Clinical Guidelines Task Force. Guidelines for the use of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adult and pediatric patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2002;26(Suppl 1): 1SA-138SA.
    • (2002) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 38
    • 84990990396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric versus post-pyloric feeding: A systematic review
    • Marik PE, Zaloga GP. Gastric versus post-pyloric feeding: a systematic review. Crit Care 2003;7:R46-51.
    • (2003) Crit Care , vol.7
    • Marik, P.E.1    Zaloga, G.P.2
  • 39
    • 4544222121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric vs small-bowel feeding in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation: A randomized controlled trial
    • Meert KL, Daphtary KM, Metheny NA. Gastric vs small-bowel feeding in critically ill children receiving mechanical ventilation: a randomized controlled trial. Chest 2004;126:872-878
    • (2004) Chest , vol.126 , pp. 872-878
    • Meert, K.L.1    Daphtary, K.M.2    Metheny, N.A.3
  • 40
    • 13744263695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The limitations of gastro-jejunal (G-J) feeding tubes in children: A 9-year pediatric hospital database analysis
    • Fortunato JE, Darbari A, Mitchell SE, et al. The limitations of gastro-jejunal (G-J) feeding tubes in children: a 9-year pediatric hospital database analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:186-189
    • (2005) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.100 , pp. 186-189
    • Fortunato, J.E.1    Darbari, A.2    Mitchell, S.E.3
  • 41
    • 0036164248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limitations and uses of gastrojejunal feeding tubes
    • Godbole P, Margabanthu G, Crabbe DC, et al. Limitations and uses of gastrojejunal feeding tubes. Arch Dis Child 2002;86:134-137
    • (2002) Arch Dis Child , vol.86 , pp. 134-137
    • Godbole, P.1    Margabanthu, G.2    Crabbe, D.C.3
  • 42
    • 0036736031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypocaloric jejunal feeding is better than total parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: Results of a randomized comparative study
    • Abou-Assi S, Craig K, O'Keefe SJ. Hypocaloric jejunal feeding is better than total parenteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: results of a randomized comparative study. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2255-2262
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 2255-2262
    • Abou-Assi, S.1    Craig, K.2    O'Keefe, S.J.3
  • 43
    • 44949214860 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants
    • McGuire W, McEwan P. Transpyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;3:CD003487.
    • (2007) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , vol.3
    • McGuire, W.1    McEwan, P.2
  • 44
    • 0021236317 scopus 로고
    • Pneumothorax following attempted nasogastric intubation for nutritional support
    • Eldar S, Meguid MM. Pneumothorax following attempted nasogastric intubation for nutritional support. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1984;8:450-452
    • (1984) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.8 , pp. 450-452
    • Eldar, S.1    Meguid, M.M.2
  • 45
    • 34147159593 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral and nasal enteral tube placement errors and complications in a pediatric intensive care unit
    • Creel AM, Winkler MK. Oral and nasal enteral tube placement errors and complications in a pediatric intensive care unit. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2007;8:161-164
    • (2007) Pediatr Crit Care Med , vol.8 , pp. 161-164
    • Creel, A.M.1    Winkler, M.K.2
  • 46
    • 34250376389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing nasogastric tube positioning in the critically ill: Exploring the evidence
    • May S. Testing nasogastric tube positioning in the critically ill: exploring the evidence. Br J Nurs 2007;16:414-418
    • (2007) Br J Nurs , vol.16 , pp. 414-418
    • May, S.1
  • 47
    • 0024247085 scopus 로고
    • Measures to test placement of nasogastric and nasointest-inal feeding tubes: A review
    • Metheny N. Measures to test placement of nasogastric and nasointest-inal feeding tubes: a review. Nurs Res 1988;37:324-329
    • (1988) Nurs Res , vol.37 , pp. 324-329
    • Metheny, N.1
  • 48
    • 0035055707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutritional support at home and in the community
    • Puntis JW. Nutritional support at home and in the community. Arch Dis Child 2001;84:295-298
    • (2001) Arch Dis Child , vol.84 , pp. 295-298
    • Puntis, J.W.1
  • 49
    • 0033606219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nutrition Taking the tube
    • Colagiovanni L. Nutrition. Taking the tube. Nurs Times 1999;95:63-64
    • (1999) Nurs Times , vol.95 , pp. 63-64
    • Colagiovanni, L.1
  • 50
    • 0028441442 scopus 로고
    • Nasogastric and nasointestinal feeding tube placement: An integrative review of research
    • Rakel BA, Titler M, Goode C, et al. Nasogastric and nasointestinal feeding tube placement: an integrative review of research. AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs 1994;5:194-206.
    • (1994) AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs , vol.5 , pp. 194-206
    • Rakel, B.A.1    Titler, M.2    Goode, C.3
  • 51
    • 0033159460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PH and concentration of bilirubin in feeding tube aspirates as predictors of tube placement
    • Metheny NA, Stewart BJ, Smith L, et al. pH and concentration of bilirubin in feeding tube aspirates as predictors of tube placement. Nurs Res 1999;48:189-197
    • (1999) Nurs Res , vol.48 , pp. 189-197
    • Metheny, N.A.1    Stewart, B.J.2    Smith, L.3
  • 52
    • 0028524621 scopus 로고
    • PH testing of feeding-tube aspirates to determine placement
    • Metheny NA, Clouse RE, Clark JM, et al. pH testing of feeding-tube aspirates to determine placement. Nutr Clin Pract 1994;9:185-190
    • (1994) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.9 , pp. 185-190
    • Metheny, N.A.1    Clouse, R.E.2    Clark, J.M.3
  • 53
    • 0030061956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedside transpyloric tube placement in the pediatric intensive care unit
    • Chellis MJ, Sanders SV, Dean JM, et al. Bedside transpyloric tube placement in the pediatric intensive care unit. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1996;20:88-90.
    • (1996) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 88-90
    • Chellis, M.J.1    Sanders, S.V.2    Dean, J.M.3
  • 54
    • 0027230547 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of weighted vs unweighted enteral feeding tubes for efficacy of transpy-loric intubation
    • Lord LM, Weiser-Maimone A, Pulhamus M, et al. Comparison of weighted vs unweighted enteral feeding tubes for efficacy of transpy-loric intubation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17:271-273
    • (1993) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.17 , pp. 271-273
    • Lord, L.M.1    Weiser-Maimone, A.2    Pulhamus, M.3
  • 55
    • 0036449389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression rate of self-propelled feeding tubes in critically ill patients
    • Berger MM, Bollmann MD, Revelly JP, et al. Progression rate of self-propelled feeding tubes in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2002;28:1768-1774
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1768-1774
    • Berger, M.M.1    Bollmann, M.D.2    Revelly, J.P.3
  • 56
    • 0034064928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nasoenteric feeding tubes in critically ill patients (fluoroscopy versus blind)
    • Huerta G, Puri VK. Nasoenteric feeding tubes in critically ill patients (fluoroscopy versus blind). Nutrition 2000;16:264-267
    • (2000) Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 264-267
    • Huerta, G.1    Puri, V.K.2
  • 57
    • 0032785912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes in ICU patients
    • Brandt CP, Mittendorf EA. Endoscopic placement of nasojejunal feeding tubes in ICU patients. Surg Endosc 1999;13:1211-1214
    • (1999) Surg Endosc , vol.13 , pp. 1211-1214
    • Brandt, C.P.1    Mittendorf, E.A.2
  • 58
    • 0029057282 scopus 로고
    • Enteral feeding tube placement success with intravenous metoclopramide administration in ICU patients
    • Heiselman DE, Hofer T, Vidovich RR. Enteral feeding tube placement success with intravenous metoclopramide administration in ICU patients. Chest 1995;107:1686-1688
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 1686-1688
    • Heiselman, D.E.1    Hofer, T.2    Vidovich, R.R.3
  • 59
    • 0029908499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Erythromycin facilitates postpyloric placement of nasoduodenal feeding tubes in intensive care unit patients: Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial
    • Kalliafas S, Choban PS, Ziegler D, et al. Erythromycin facilitates postpyloric placement of nasoduodenal feeding tubes in intensive care unit patients: randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1996;20:385-388
    • (1996) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.20 , pp. 385-388
    • Kalliafas, S.1    Choban, P.S.2    Ziegler, D.3
  • 60
    • 0035029603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of erythromycin for postpyloric placement of feeding tubes in critically ill children: A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study
    • Gharpure V, Meert KL, Sarnaik AP. Efficacy of erythromycin for postpyloric placement of feeding tubes in critically ill children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2001;25:160-165
    • (2001) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 160-165
    • Gharpure, V.1    Meert, K.L.2    Sarnaik, A.P.3
  • 61
    • 0033934451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedside placement of transpyloric feeding tubes in the pediatric intensive care unit using gastric insufflation
    • Spalding HK, Sullivan KJ, Soremi O, et al. Bedside placement of transpyloric feeding tubes in the pediatric intensive care unit using gastric insufflation. Crit Care Med 2000;28:2041-2044
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 2041-2044
    • Spalding, H.K.1    Sullivan, K.J.2    Soremi, O.3
  • 62
    • 0036020308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bedside transpyloric tube placement in the pediatric intensive care unit: A modified insufflation air technique
    • Da Silva PS, Paulo CS, de Oliveira Iglesias SB, et al. Bedside transpyloric tube placement in the pediatric intensive care unit: a modified insufflation air technique. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:943-946
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 943-946
    • Da Silva, P.S.1    Paulo, C.S.2    De Oliveira Iglesias, S.B.3
  • 63
    • 1642349449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes using external magnetic guidance
    • Gabriel SA, Ackermann RJ. Placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes using external magnetic guidance. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2004;28:119-122
    • (2004) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.28 , pp. 119-122
    • Gabriel, S.A.1    Ackermann, R.J.2
  • 64
    • 0742272759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel method for insertion of post-pyloric feeding tubes at the bedside without endoscopic or fluoroscopic assistance: A prospective study
    • Slagt C, Innes R, Bihari D, et al. A novel method for insertion of post-pyloric feeding tubes at the bedside without endoscopic or fluoroscopic assistance: a prospective study. Intensive Care Med 2004;30:103-107
    • (2004) Intensive Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 103-107
    • Slagt, C.1    Innes, R.2    Bihari, D.3
  • 65
    • 1242329143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transpyloric feeding tube placement in critically ill patients using electromyogram and erythromycin infusion
    • Levy H, Hayes J, Boivin M, et al. Transpyloric feeding tube placement in critically ill patients using electromyogram and erythromycin infusion. Chest 2004;125:587-591
    • (2004) Chest , vol.125 , pp. 587-591
    • Levy, H.1    Hayes, J.2    Boivin, M.3
  • 66
    • 33645740154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial comparing three different techniques of nasojejunal feeding tube placement in critically ill children
    • Phipps LM, Weber MD, Ginder BR, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing three different techniques of nasojejunal feeding tube placement in critically ill children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2005;29:420-424
    • (2005) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.29 , pp. 420-424
    • Phipps, L.M.1    Weber, M.D.2    Ginder, B.R.3
  • 67
    • 0023177552 scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy and design changes of "fine bore'' nasogastric feeding tubes: A seven-year experience involving 809 intubations in 403 patients
    • Silk DB, Rees RG, Keohane PP, et al. Clinical efficacy and design changes of "fine bore'' nasogastric feeding tubes: a seven-year experience involving 809 intubations in 403 patients. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1987;11:378-383
    • (1987) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.11 , pp. 378-383
    • Silk, D.B.1    Rees, R.G.2    Keohane, P.P.3
  • 68
    • 0021043929 scopus 로고
    • Limitations and drawbacks of "fine bore'' nasogastric feeding tubes
    • Keohane PP, Attrill H, Jones BJ, et al. Limitations and drawbacks of "fine bore'' nasogastric feeding tubes. Clin Nutr 1983;2:85-86
    • (1983) Clin Nutr , vol.2 , pp. 85-86
    • Keohane, P.P.1    Attrill, H.2    Jones, B.J.3
  • 69
    • 0019120125 scopus 로고
    • Gastrostomy without lapar-otomy: A percutaneous endoscopic technique
    • Gauderer MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without lapar-otomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique. J Pediatr Surg 1980;15:872-875
    • (1980) J Pediatr Surg , vol.15 , pp. 872-875
    • Gauderer, M.W.1    Ponsky, J.L.2    Izant Jr., R.J.3
  • 70
    • 0035339888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition during the treatment of head and neck carcinoma: Is a percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy tube preferable to a nasogastric tube?
    • Mekhail TM, Adelstein DJ, Rybicki LA, et al. Enteral nutrition during the treatment of head and neck carcinoma: is a percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy tube preferable to a nasogastric tube? Cancer 2001;91:1785-1790
    • (2001) Cancer , vol.91 , pp. 1785-1790
    • Mekhail, T.M.1    Adelstein, D.J.2    Rybicki, L.A.3
  • 71
    • 0030033209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised prospective comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding after acute dysphagic stroke
    • Norton B, Homer-Ward M, Donnelly MT, et al. A randomised prospective comparison of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and nasogastric tube feeding after acute dysphagic stroke. BMJ 1996;312:13-16
    • (1996) BMJ , vol.312 , pp. 13-16
    • Norton, B.1    Homer-Ward, M.2    Donnelly, M.T.3
  • 72
    • 0028335117 scopus 로고
    • Nasogastric or gastrostomy feedings in children with neurologic disabilities
    • Naureckas SM, Christoffel KK. Nasogastric or gastrostomy feedings in children with neurologic disabilities. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 1994;33:353.
    • (1994) Clin Pediatr (Phila) , vol.33 , pp. 353
    • Naureckas, S.M.1    Christoffel, K.K.2
  • 73
    • 0025617035 scopus 로고
    • Complications of naso-gastric and gastrostomy tube feedings in children with end stage renal disease
    • Wood EG, Bunchman TE, Khurana R, et al. Complications of naso-gastric and gastrostomy tube feedings in children with end stage renal disease. Adv Perit Dial 1990;6:262-264
    • (1990) Adv Perit Dial , vol.6 , pp. 262-264
    • Wood, E.G.1    Bunchman, T.E.2    Khurana, R.3
  • 74
    • 26044448624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESPEN guidelines on artificial enteral nutrition\percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)
    • Löser C, Aschl G, Hébuterne X, et al. ESPEN guidelines on artificial enteral nutrition\percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). Clin Nutr 2005;24:848-861
    • (2005) Clin Nutr , vol.24 , pp. 848-861
    • Löser, C.1    Aschl, G.2    Hébuterne, X.3
  • 75
    • 33847074904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent peristomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    • Jafri NS, Mahid SS, Minor KS, et al. Meta-analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent peristomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:647-656
    • (2007) Aliment Pharmacol Ther , vol.25 , pp. 647-656
    • Jafri, N.S.1    Mahid, S.S.2    Minor, K.S.3
  • 76
    • 42749109025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    • Lipp A, Lusardi G. Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; CD005571.
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    • Lipp, A.1    Lusardi, G.2
  • 77
    • 0033755993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis before percutaneous endoscopic gastro-stomy
    • Sharma VK, Howden CW. Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis before percutaneous endoscopic gastro-stomy. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3133-3136
    • (2000) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.95 , pp. 3133-3136
    • Sharma, V.K.1    Howden, C.W.2
  • 78
    • 0032705281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single dose of ceftriaxone administered 30 minutes before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy significantly reduces local and systemic infective complications
    • Dormann AJ, Wigginghaus B, Risius H, et al. A single dose of ceftriaxone administered 30 minutes before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy significantly reduces local and systemic infective complications. Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:3220-3224
    • (1999) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.94 , pp. 3220-3224
    • Dormann, A.J.1    Wigginghaus, B.2    Risius, H.3
  • 79
    • 0344172775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective, randomised, double blind trial of prophylaxis with single dose of co-amoxiclav before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    • Preclik G, Grüne S, Leser HG, et al. Prospective, randomised, double blind trial of prophylaxis with single dose of co-amoxiclav before percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. BMJ 1999;319:881-884
    • (1999) BMJ , vol.319 , pp. 881-884
    • Preclik, G.1    Grüne, S.2    Leser, H.G.3
  • 80
    • 13944269598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibody prophylaxis for children undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy
    • Rawat D, Srivistava A, Thomson M. Antibody prophylaxis for children undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. J Pediatr Gastro-enterol Nutr 2005;40:234-235
    • (2005) J Pediatr Gastro-enterol Nutr , vol.40 , pp. 234-235
    • Rawat, D.1    Srivistava, A.2    Thomson, M.3
  • 81
    • 33846977370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High rate of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site infections due to oropharyngeal colonization
    • Faias S, Cravo M, Claro I, et al. High rate of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site infections due to oropharyngeal colonization. Dig Dis Sci 2006;51:2384-2388
    • (2006) Dig Dis Sci , vol.51 , pp. 2384-2388
    • Faias, S.1    Cravo, M.2    Claro, I.3
  • 82
    • 33750952534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Addition of local antiseptic spray to parenteral antibiotic regimen reduces the incidence of stomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: A randomized controlled trial
    • Radhakrishnan NV, Shenoy AH, Cartmill I, et al. Addition of local antiseptic spray to parenteral antibiotic regimen reduces the incidence of stomal infection following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 18:1279-1284
    • (2006) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.18 , pp. 1279-1284
    • Radhakrishnan, N.V.1    Shenoy, A.H.2    Cartmill, I.3
  • 83
    • 0029745790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: A randomized prospective comparison of early and delayed feeding
    • Choudhry U, Barde CJ, Markert R, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a randomized prospective comparison of early and delayed feeding. Gastrointest Endosc 1996;44:164-167
    • (1996) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.44 , pp. 164-167
    • Choudhry, U.1    Barde, C.J.2    Markert, R.3
  • 84
    • 33751422931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early initiation of enteral feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement
    • Dubagunta S, Still CD, Kumar A, et al. Early initiation of enteral feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement. Nutr Clin Pract 2002;17:123-125
    • (2002) Nutr Clin Pract , vol.17 , pp. 123-125
    • Dubagunta, S.1    Still, C.D.2    Kumar, A.3
  • 85
    • 0032034062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized prospective trial of early versus delayed feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement
    • McCarter TL, Condon SC, Aguilar RC, et al. Randomized prospective trial of early versus delayed feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:419-421
    • (1998) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.93 , pp. 419-421
    • McCarter, T.L.1    Condon, S.C.2    Aguilar, R.C.3
  • 86
    • 0036902564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized prospective trial of immediate vs. next-day feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in intensive care patients
    • Stein J, Schulte-Bockholt A, Sabin M, et al. A randomized prospective trial of immediate vs. next-day feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in intensive care patients. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28:1656-1660
    • (2002) Intensive Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 1656-1660
    • Stein, J.1    Schulte-Bockholt, A.2    Sabin, M.3
  • 87
    • 0027942712 scopus 로고
    • Early feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is safe in children
    • Werlin S, Glicklich M, Cohen R. Early feeding after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is safe in children. Gastrointest Endosc 1994;40:692-693
    • (1994) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.40 , pp. 692-693
    • Werlin, S.1    Glicklich, M.2    Cohen, R.3
  • 88
    • 0028827325 scopus 로고
    • Radiologic, endoscopic, and surgical gastrostomy: An institutional evaluation and meta-analysis of the literature
    • Wollman B, D'Agostino HB, Walus-Wigle JR, et al. Radiologic, endoscopic, and surgical gastrostomy: an institutional evaluation and meta-analysis of the literature. Radiology 1995;197:699-704.
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.197 , pp. 699-704
    • Wollman, B.1    D'Agostino, H.B.2    Walus-Wigle, J.R.3
  • 89
    • 0036479573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy complications in a tertiary-care center
    • Lockett MA, Templeton ML, Byrne TK, et al. Percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy complications in a tertiary-care center. Am Surg 2002;68:117-120
    • (2002) Am Surg , vol.68 , pp. 117-120
    • Lockett, M.A.1    Templeton, M.L.2    Byrne, T.K.3
  • 90
    • 0030862238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents
    • Behrens R, Lang T, Muschweck H, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997;25:487-491
    • (1997) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.25 , pp. 487-491
    • Behrens, R.1    Lang, T.2    Muschweck, H.3
  • 91
    • 0031034479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and subsequent catheter replacement in children and young adults
    • Fox VL, Abel SD, Malas S, et al. Complications following percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and subsequent catheter replacement in children and young adults. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;45:64-71.
    • (1997) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.45 , pp. 64-71
    • Fox, V.L.1    Abel, S.D.2    Malas, S.3
  • 92
    • 0031975150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in paediatric practice: Complications and outcome
    • Khattak IU, Kimber C, Kiely EM, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in paediatric practice: complications and outcome. J Pediatr Surg 1998;33:67-72.
    • (1998) J Pediatr Surg , vol.33 , pp. 67-72
    • Khattak, I.U.1    Kimber, C.2    Kiely, E.M.3
  • 93
    • 33846798391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placement of gastrostomy tubes in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts does not result in increased incidence of shunt infection or decreased survival
    • Roeder BE, Said A, Reichelderfer M, et al. Placement of gastrostomy tubes in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts does not result in increased incidence of shunt infection or decreased survival. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:518-522
    • (2007) Dig Dis Sci , vol.52 , pp. 518-522
    • Roeder, B.E.1    Said, A.2    Reichelderfer, M.3
  • 94
    • 33745498705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children on peritoneal dialysis
    • von Schnakenburg C, Feneberg R, Plank C, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children on peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2006;26:69-77.
    • (2006) Perit Dial Int , vol.26 , pp. 69-77
    • Von Schnakenburg, C.1    Feneberg, R.2    Plank, C.3
  • 95
    • 0035238005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in patients on peritoneal dialysis
    • Fein PA, Madane SJ, Jorden A, et al. Outcome of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Adv Perit Dial 2001;17:148-152
    • (2001) Adv Perit Dial , vol.17 , pp. 148-152
    • Fein, P.A.1    Madane, S.J.2    Jorden, A.3
  • 96
    • 0035179960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late-onset complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children
    • Ségal D, Michaud L, Guimber D, et al. Late-onset complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children. J Pediatr Gastro-enterol Nutr 2001;33:495-500.
    • (2001) J Pediatr Gastro-enterol Nutr , vol.33 , pp. 495-500
    • Ségal, D.1    Michaud, L.2    Guimber, D.3
  • 97
    • 0034083047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications of removing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes in children
    • Kobak GE, McClenathan DT, Schurman SJ. Complications of removing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2000;30:404-407
    • (2000) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.30 , pp. 404-407
    • Kobak, G.E.1    McClenathan, D.T.2    Schurman, S.J.3
  • 98
    • 33845243938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy in children: A safe technique with major symptom relief and high parental satisfaction
    • Avitsland TL, Kristensen C, Emblem R, et al. Percutaneous endo-scopic gastrostomy in children: a safe technique with major symptom relief and high parental satisfaction. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2006;43:624-628
    • (2006) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.43 , pp. 624-628
    • Avitsland, T.L.1    Kristensen, C.2    Emblem, R.3
  • 99
    • 0020066741 scopus 로고
    • Feeding and the development of enteroinsular hormone secretion in the preterm infant: Effects of continuous gastric infusions of human milk compared with intermittent boluses
    • Aynsley-Green A, Adrian TE, Bloom SR. Feeding and the development of enteroinsular hormone secretion in the preterm infant: effects of continuous gastric infusions of human milk compared with intermittent boluses. Acta Paediatr Scand 1982;71:379-383
    • (1982) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.71 , pp. 379-383
    • Aynsley-Green, A.1    Adrian, T.E.2    Bloom, S.R.3
  • 100
    • 0034974134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous enteral feeding impairs gallbladder emptying in infants
    • Jawaheer G, Shaw NJ, Pierro A. Continuous enteral feeding impairs gallbladder emptying in infants. J Pediatr 2001;138:822-825
    • (2001) J Pediatr , vol.138 , pp. 822-825
    • Jawaheer, G.1    Shaw, N.J.2    Pierro, A.3
  • 101
    • 16544363250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric residual volumes in critically ill paediatric patients: A comparison of feeding regimens
    • Horn D, Chaboyer W, Schluter PJ. Gastric residual volumes in critically ill paediatric patients: a comparison of feeding regimens. Aust Crit Care 2004;17:98-100.
    • (2004) Aust Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. 98-100
    • Horn, D.1    Chaboyer, W.2    Schluter, P.J.3
  • 102
    • 0038162428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of continuous versus bolus infusion of enteral nutrition in critical patients
    • Serpa LF, Kimura M, Faintuch J, et al. Effects of continuous versus bolus infusion of enteral nutrition in critical patients. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 2003;58:9-14.
    • (2003) Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo , vol.58 , pp. 9-14
    • Serpa, L.F.1    Kimura, M.2    Faintuch, J.3
  • 103
    • 0019441968 scopus 로고
    • A controlled comparison of continuous versus intermittent feeding in the treatment of infants with intestinal disease
    • Parker P, Stroop S, Greene H. A controlled comparison of continuous versus intermittent feeding in the treatment of infants with intestinal disease. J Pediatr 1981;99:360-364
    • (1981) J Pediatr , vol.99 , pp. 360-364
    • Parker, P.1    Stroop, S.2    Greene, H.3
  • 104
    • 0019983982 scopus 로고
    • Continuous enteral feedings. An important adjunct to the management of complex congenital heart disease
    • Vanderhoof JA, Hofschire PJ, Baluff MA, et al. Continuous enteral feedings. An important adjunct to the management of complex congenital heart disease. Am J Dis Child 1982;136:825-827
    • (1982) Am J Dis Child , vol.136 , pp. 825-827
    • Vanderhoof, J.A.1    Hofschire, P.J.2    Baluff, M.A.3
  • 105
    • 0025109752 scopus 로고
    • Enteral nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease and growth failure
    • Schwarz SM, Gewitz MH, See CC, et al. Enteral nutrition in infants with congenital heart disease and growth failure. Pediatrics 1990;86:368-373
    • (1990) Pediatrics , vol.86 , pp. 368-373
    • Schwarz, S.M.1    Gewitz, M.H.2    See, C.C.3
  • 106
    • 1542439959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric feeding in critically ill children: A randomized controlled trial
    • Horn D, Chaboyer W. Gastric feeding in critically ill children: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Crit Care 2003;12:461-468
    • (2003) Am J Crit Care , vol.12 , pp. 461-468
    • Horn, D.1    Chaboyer, W.2
  • 107
    • 16544363250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric residual volumes in critically ill paediatric patients: A comparison of feeding regimens
    • Horn D, Chaboyer W, Schluter PJ. Gastric residual volumes in critically ill paediatric patients: a comparison of feeding regimens. Aust Crit Care 2004;17:98-100.
    • (2004) Aust Crit Care , vol.17 , pp. 98-100
    • Horn, D.1    Chaboyer, W.2    Schluter, P.J.3
  • 109
    • 0036898305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-feeding syndrome with enteral nutrition in children: A case report, literature review and clinical guidelines
    • Afzal NA, Addai S, Fagbemi A, et al. Re-feeding syndrome with enteral nutrition in children: a case report, literature review and clinical guidelines. Clin Nutr 2002;21:515-520
    • (2002) Clin Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 515-520
    • Afzal, N.A.1    Addai, S.2    Fagbemi, A.3
  • 110
    • 33745877698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence London: NICE Clinical Guideline 32
    • National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Nutritional Support for Adults. London: NICE; 2006. Clinical Guideline 32.
    • (2006) Nutritional Support for Adults
  • 112
    • 0031920974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing bacterial contamination of enteral feeds
    • Patchell CJ, Anderton A, Holden C, et al. Reducing bacterial contamination of enteral feeds. Arch Dis Child 1998;78:166-168
    • (1998) Arch Dis Child , vol.78 , pp. 166-168
    • Patchell, C.J.1    Anderton, A.2    Holden, C.3
  • 113
    • 0025287545 scopus 로고
    • Decanting\a source of contamination of enteral feeds?
    • Anderton A, Aidoo KE. Decanting\a source of contamination of enteral feeds? Clin Nutr 1990;9:157-162
    • (1990) Clin Nutr , vol.9 , pp. 157-162
    • Anderton, A.1    Aidoo, K.E.2
  • 114
    • 0036022886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the cyclic closed enteral feeding system microbiologically safe in geriatric patients?
    • Lafourcade P, Boulestreau H, Arnaud-Battandier F, et al. Is the cyclic closed enteral feeding system microbiologically safe in geriatric patients? Clin Nutr 2002;21:315-320
    • (2002) Clin Nutr , vol.21 , pp. 315-320
    • Lafourcade, P.1    Boulestreau, H.2    Arnaud-Battandier, F.3
  • 115
    • 30744469590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of the luminal gut: Enteral access implications
    • Grant JP. Anatomy and physiology of the luminal gut: enteral access implications. J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2006;30:S41-6.
    • (2006) J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.30
    • Grant, J.P.1
  • 116
    • 0036063896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scarcity in the midst of plenty: Enteral tube feeding complicated by scurvy
    • Gorman S, Armstrong G, Allen KR, et al. Scarcity in the midst of plenty: enteral tube feeding complicated by scurvy. J Pediatr Gastro-enterol Nutr 2002;35:93-95
    • (2002) J Pediatr Gastro-enterol Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 93-95
    • Gorman, S.1    Armstrong, G.2    Allen, K.R.3
  • 117
    • 0036263462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational study to evaluate micronutrient status during enteral feeding
    • Johnson TE, Janes SJ, MacDonald A, et al. An observational study to evaluate micronutrient status during enteral feeding. Arch Dis Child 2002;86:411-415
    • (2002) Arch Dis Child , vol.86 , pp. 411-415
    • Johnson, T.E.1    Janes, S.J.2    MacDonald, A.3
  • 118
    • 77954425771 scopus 로고
    • Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the community
    • Elia M ed Maidenhead
    • Enteral and parenteral nutrition in the community. In: Elia M, ed. British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Maidenhead, 1994.
    • (1994) British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.