Cognitive and cardiovascular benefits of docosahexaenoic acid in aging and cognitive decline

Current Alzheimer Research

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 190-196

  Yurko Mauro, K ^a  

^a Martek Biosciences Corporation   (United States)

Author keywords

Aging; Cardiovascular; Cognitive decline; Coronary heart disease; Docosahexaenoic acid; Heart rate; Memory; Omega 3 fatty acid; References

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; ICOSAPENTAENOIC ACID; PLACEBO; TRIACYLGLYCEROL;

AGING; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMNESIA; ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DRUG EFFECT; HEART ARRHYTHMIA; HEART INFARCTION; HEART RATE; HUMAN; ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE; MEMORY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL;

ADULT; AGED; AGING; ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; BRAIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; COGNITION DISORDERS; DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS; DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACIDS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MEMORY DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; NOOTROPIC AGENTS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77952519464     PISSN: 15672050     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/156720510791050911     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Alzheimer A. 2009 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 5(3): 1-75 (2009).
2. Harris WS, Sands SA, Windsor SL, Ali HA, Stevens TL, Magalski A, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac biopsies from heart transplantation patients: correlation with erythrocytes and response to supplementation. Circulation 110(12): 1645-9 (2004).
3. Salem Jr N, Litman B, Kim H-Y, Gawrisch K. Mechanisms of Action of Docosahexaenoic Acid in the Nervous System. Lipids 36: 945-59 (2001).
4. SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY. The role of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in health and disease of the retina. Prog Retin Eye Res 24(1): 87-138 (2005).
5. Kawakita E, Hashimoto M, Shido O. Docosahexaenoic acid promotes neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 139(3): 991-7 (2006).
6. Martinez M, Vazquez E, Garcia-Silva MT, Manzanares J, Bertran JM, Castello F, et al. Therapeutic effects of docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester in patients with generalized peroxisomal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr 71(1 Suppl): 376S-85S (2000).
7. Pongrac JL, Slack PJ, Innis SM. Dietary polyunsaturated fat that is low in (n-3) and high in (n-6) fatty acids alters the SNARE protein complex and nitrosylation in rat hippocampus. J Nutr 137(8): 1852-6 (2007).
8. Bogdanov KY, Spurgeon HA, Vinogradova TM, Lakatta EG. Modulation of the transient outward current in adult rat ventricular myocytes by polyunsaturated fatty acids. Am J Physiol 274(2 Pt 2): H571-9 (1998).
9. Leaf A, Kang J, Xiao Y, GE B. Clinical prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanism of prevention of arrhythmias by n-3 fish oils. Circulation 107(21): 2646-52 (2003).
10. Pepe S, Bogdanov K, Hallaq H, Spurgeon H, Leaf A, Lakatta E. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid modulates dihydropyridine effects on L-type Ca2+ channels, cytosolic Ca2+, and contraction in adult rat cardiac myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91(19): 8832-6 (1994).
11. Xiao YF, Gomez AM, Morgan JP, Lederer WJ, Leaf A. Suppression of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ currents by polyunsaturated fatty acids in adult and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94(8): 4182-7 (1997).
12. Pepe S, Tsuchiya N, Lakatta EG, Hansford RG. PUFA and aging modulate cardiac mitochondrial membrane lipid composition and Ca2+ activation of PDH. Am J Physiol 276(1 Pt 2): H149-58 (1999).
13. Gissi Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto miocardico. Lancet 354(9177): 447-55 (1999).
14. Burr ML, Fehily AM, Gilbert JF, Rogers S, Holliday RM, Sweetnam PM, et al. Effects of changes in fat, fish, and fibre intakes on death and myocardial reinfarction: diet and reinfarction trial (DART). Lancet 2(8666): 757-61 (1989).
15. Leaf A, Albert CM, Josephson M, Steinhaus D, Kluger J, Kang JX, et al. Prevention of fatal arrhythmias in high-risk subjects by fish oil n-3 fatty acid intake. Circulation 112(18): 2762-8 (2005).
16. Mori TA, Beilin LJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammation. Curr Atheroscler Rep 6(6): 461-7 (2004).
17. Eritsland J, Arnesen H, Gronseth K, Fjeld NB, Abdelnoor M. Effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids on coronary artery bypass graft patency. Am J Cardiol 77(1): 31-6 (1996).
18. Mori TA, Watts GF, Burke V, Hilme E, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on vascular reactivity of the forearm microcirculation in hyperlipidemic, overweight men. Circulation 102(11): 1264-9 (2000).
19. Engler MM, Engler MB, Malloy M, Chiu E, Besio D, Paul S, et al. Docosahexaenoic acid restores endothelial function in children with hyperlipidemia: results from the EARLY study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 42(12): 672-9 (2004).
20. Montine KS, Quinn JF, Zhang J, Fessel JP, Roberts LJ, 2nd, Morrow JD, et al. Isoprostanes and related products of lipid peroxidation in neurodegenerative diseases. Chem Phys Lipids 128(1-2): 117-24 (2004).
21. Bazan NG. Neuroprotectin D1-mediated anti-inflammatory and survival signaling in stroke, retinal degenerations, and Alzheimer's disease. J Lipid Res 50 Suppl: S400-S405 (2009).
22. Heude B, Ducimetiere P, Berr C. Cognitive decline and fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes--The EVA Study. Am J Clin Nutr 77(4): 803-8 (2003).
23. Beydoun MA, Kaufman JS, Satia JA, Rosamond W, Folsom AR. Plasma n-3 fatty acids and the risk of cognitive decline in older adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Clin Nutr 85(4): 1103-11 (2007).
24. Conquer JA, Tierney MC, Zecevic J, Bettger WJ, Fisher RH. Fatty acid analysis of blood plasma of patients with Alzheimer's disease, other types of dementia, and cognitive impairment. Lipids 35(12): 1305-12 (2000).
25. Schaefer EJ, Bongard V, Beiser AS, Lamon-Fava S, Robins SJ, Au R, et al. Plasma phosphatidylcholine docosahexaenoic acid content and risk of dementia and Alzheimer disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Arch Neurol 63(11): 1545-50 (2006).
26. Issa AM, Mojica WA, Morton SC, Traina S, Newberry SJ, Hilton LG, et al. The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on cognitive function in aging and dementia: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 21(2): 88-96 (2006).
27. Noel K, Hoffman J, Ellis L, Yurko-Mauro K, Cella C, Sercus B, et al. DHA and cognitive function in the elderly: A systematic review of the literature. Res Pract Alzheimers Dis 11: 381-7 (2006).
28. Solfrizzi V, Frisardi V, Capurso C, D'Introno A, Colacicco AM, Vendemiale G, et al. Dietary fatty acids and predementia syndromes. Scient World J 9: 792-810 (2009).
29. Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, Tangney CC, Bennett DA, Wilson RS, et al. Consumption of fish and n-3 fatty acids and risk of incident Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 60(7): 940-6 (2003).
30. Laurin D, Verreault R, Lindsay J, Dewailly E, Holub BJ. Omega-3 fatty acids and risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 5(4): 315-22 (2003).
31. Engelhart M, Geerlings M, Ruitenberg A, van Swieten J, Hofman A, Witteman J, et al. Diet and risk of dementia: Does fat matter? The Rotterdam Study. Neurology 59: 1915-21 (2002).
32. Devore EE, Grodstein F, van Rooij FJ, Hofman A, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ, et al. Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk. Am J Clin Nutr 90(1): 170-6 (2009).
33. Solfrizzi V, Colacicco AM, D'Introno A, Capurso C, Parigi AD, Capurso SA, et al. Dietary fatty acid intakes and rate of mild cognitive impairment. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Exp Gerontol 41(6): 619-27 (2006).
34. Barberger-Gateau P, Raffaitin C, Letenneur L, Berr C, Tzourio C, Dartigues JF, et al. Dietary patterns and risk of dementia: the Three-City cohort study. Neurology 69(20): 1921-30 (2007).
35. Kalmijn S, van Boxtel MP, Ocke M, Verschuren WM, Kromhout D, Launer LJ. Dietary intake of fatty acids and fish in relation to cognitive performance at middle age. Neurology 62(2): 275-80 (2004).
36. van Gelder BM, Tijhuis M, Kalmijn S, Kromhout D. Fish consumption, n-3 fatty acids, and subsequent 5-y cognitive decline in elderly men: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Am J Clin Nutr 85(4): 1142-7 (2007).
37. Harris WS, Mozaffarian D, Lefevre M, Toner CD, Colombo J, Cunnane SC, et al. Towards establishing dietary reference intakes for eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. J Nutr 139(4): 804S-19S (2009).
38. Wang C, Harris WS, Chung M, Lichtenstein AH, Balk E, Kupelnick B, et al. n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not a-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr 84: 5-17 (2006).
39. Burr ML, Ashfield-Watt PA, Dunstan FD, Fehily AM, Breay P, Ashton T, et al. Lack of benefit of dietary advice to men with angina: results of a controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 57(2): 193-200 (2003).
40. Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, Matsuzawa Y, Saito Y, Ishikawa Y, et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet 369(9567): 1090-8 (2007).
41. USDA. Nutrient intakes from food: mean amounts consumed per individual, one day, 2003-2004 USDA, Agricultural Research Service (2007). (Accessed 12/17/07, at http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg (2007).
42. Huang TL, Zandi PP, Tucker KL, Fitzpatrick AL, Kuller LH, Fried LP, et al. Benefits of fatty fish on dementia risk are stronger for those without APOE epsilon4. Neurology 65(9): 1409-14 (2005).
43. Whalley LJ, Deary IJ, Starr JM, Wahle KW, Rance KA, Bourne VJ, et al. n-3 Fatty acid erythrocyte membrane content, APOE varepsilon4, and cognitive variation: an observational follow-up study in late adulthood. Am J Clin Nutr 87(2): 449-54 (2008).
44. Freund-Levi Y, Hjorth E, Lindberg C, Cederholm T, Faxen-Irving G, Vedin I, et al. Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Markers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma in Alzheimer's Disease: The OmegAD Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 27(5): 481-90 (2009).
45. Freund-Levi Y, Basun H, Cederholm T, Faxen-Irving G, Garlind A, Grut M, et al. Omega-3 supplementation in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: effects on neuropsychiatric symptoms. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23 (2): 161-9 (2008).
46. Jiang Q, Lee CY, Mandrekar S, Wilkinson B, Cramer P, Zelcer N, et al. ApoE promotes the proteolytic degradation of Abeta. Neuron 58(5): 681-93 (2008).
47. Kim J, Basak JM, Holtzman DM. The role of apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's disease. Neuron 63(3): 287-303 (2009).
48. Notkola IL, Sulkava R, Pekkanen J, Erkinjuntti T, Ehnholm C, Kivinen P, et al. Serum total cholesterol, apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele, and Alzheimer's disease. Neuroepidemiology 17(1): 14-20 (1998).
49. Reiman EM. Linking brain imaging and genomics in the study of Alzheimer's disease and aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 1097: 94-113 (2007).
50. Anil E. The impact of EPA and DHA on blood lipids and lipoprotein metabolism: influence of apoE genotype. Proc Nutr Soc 66(1): 60-8 (2007).
51. Minihane AM, Khan S, Leigh-Firbank EC, Talmud P, Wright JW, Murphy MC, et al. ApoE polymorphism and fish oil supplementation in subjects with an atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 20(8): 1990-7 (2000).
52. Ryan AS, Keske MA, Hoffman JP, Nelson EB. Clinical overview of algal-docosahexaenoic acid: effects on triglyceride levels and other cardiovascular risk factors. Am J Ther 16(2): 183-92 (2009).
53. Stark KD, Holub BJ. Differential eicosapentaenoic acid elevations and altered cardiovascular disease risk factor responses after supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy. Am J Clin Nutr 79(5): 765-73 (2004).
54. Davidson MH, Maki KC, Kalkowski J, Schaefer EJ, Torri SA, Drennan KB. Effects of docosahexaenoic acid on serum lipoproteins in patients with combined hyperlipidemia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Nutr 16(3): 236-43 (1997).
55. Kelley DS, Siegel D, Vemuri M, Mackey BE. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation improves fasting and postprandial lipid profiles in hypertriglyceridemic men. Am J Clin Nutr 86(2): 324-33 (2007).
56. Schwellenbach LJ, Olson KL, McConnell KJ, Stolcpart RS, Nash JD, Merenich JA. The triglyceride-lowering effects of a modest dose of docosahexaenoic acid alone versus in combination with low dose eicosapentaenoic acid in patients with coronary artery disease and elevated triglycerides. J Am Coll Nutr 25(6): 480-5 (2006).
57. Keller DD, Jurgilas S, Perry B, Blum J, Farino B, Reynolds J, et al. Docosahexanoic acid (DHA) lowers triglyceride levels and improves low density lipoprotein particle size in a statin-treated cardiac risk population. J Clin Lipidol 1(2): 151 (2007).
58. Grimsgaard S, Bonaa KH, Hansen JB, Myhre ES. Effects of highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on hemodynamics in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 68(1): 52-9 (1998).
59. Cucherat M. Quantitative relationship between resting heart rate reduction and magnitude of clinical benefits in post-myocardial infarction: a meta-regression of randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J 28(24): 3012-9 (2007).
60. Mori TA, Woodman RJ. The independent effects of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid on cardiovascular risk factors in humans. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 9(2): 95-104 (2006).
61. Mori TA, Bao DQ, Burke V, Puddey IB, Beilin LJ. Docosahexaenoic acid but not eicosapentaenoic acid lowers ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Hypertension 34(2): 253-60 (1999).
62. Mozaffarian D, Geelen A, Brouwer IA, Geleijnse JM, Zock PL, Katan MB. Effect of fish oil on heart rate in humans: a metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Circulation 112(13): 1945-52 (2005).
63. Theobald HE, Goodall AH, Sattar N, Talbot DC, Chowienczyk PJ, Sanders TA. Low-dose docosahexaenoic acid lowers diastolic blood pressure in middle-aged men and women. J Nutr 137(4): 973-8 (2007).
64. Prisco D, Paniccia R, Bandinelli B, Filippini M, Francalanci I, Giusti B, et al. Effect of medium-term supplementation with a moderate dose of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on blood pressure in mild hypertensive patients. Thromb Res 91(3): 105-12 (1998).
65. Martin DS, Spencer P, Horrobin DF, Lynch MA. Long-term potentiation in aged rats is restored when the age-related decrease in polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration is reversed. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 67(2-3): 121-30 (2002).
66. Tsukada H, Kakiuchi T, Fukumoto D, Nishiyama S, Koga K. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) improves the age-related impairment of the coupling mechanism between neuronal activation and functional cerebral blood flow response: a PET study in conscious monkeys. Brain Res 862(1-2): 180-6 (2000).
67. Petursdottir AL, Farr SA, Morley JE, Banks WA, Skuladottir GV. Effect of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on brain lipid fatty acid composition, learning ability, and memory of senescence accelerated mouse. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 63(11): 1153-60 (2008).
68. Lim GP, Calon F, Morihara T, Yang F, Teter B, Ubeda O, et al. A diet enriched with the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid reduces amyloid burden in an aged Alzheimer mouse model. J Neurosci 25(12): 3032-40 (2005).
69. Green KN, Martinez-Coria H, Khashwji H, Hall EB, Yurko-Mauro KA, Ellis L, et al. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid ameliorate amyloid-beta and tau pathology via a mechanism involving presenilin 1 levels. J Neurosci 27(16): 4385-95 (2007).
70. Ma QL, Teter B, Ubeda OJ, Morihara T, Dhoot D, Nyby MD, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid increases SorLA/LR11, a sorting protein with reduced expression in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD): relevance to AD prevention. J Neurosci 27(52): 14299-307 (2007).
71. Van de Rest O, Geleijnse JM, Kok FJ, van Staveren WA, Dullemeijer C, Olderikkert MG, et al. Effect of fish oil on cognitive performance in older subjects: a randomized, controlled trial. Neurology 71(6): 430-8 (2008).
72. Chiu CC, Su KP, Cheng TC, Liu HC, Chang CJ, Dewey ME, et al. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids monotherapy in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 32(6): 1538-44 (2008).
73. Kotani S, Sakaguchi E, Warashina S, Matsukawa N, Ishikura Y, Kiso Y, et al. Dietary supplementation of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid improves cognitive dysfunction. Neurosci Res 56(2): 159-64 (2006).
74. Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M, Cederholm T, Basun H, Faxen-Irving G, Garlind A, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid treatment in 174 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease: OmegAD study: a randomized double-blind trial. Arch Neurol 63(10): 1402-8 (2006).
75. Irving GF, Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdotter-Jonhagen M, Basun H, Brismar K, Hjorth E, et al. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation effects on weight and appetite in patients with Alzheimer's disease: the omega-3 Alzheimer's disease study. J Am Geriatr Soc 57(1): 11-7 (2009).
76. Yurko-Mauro K, McCarthy D, Bailey-Hall E, Nelson EB, Blackwell AD. Results of Midas: effects of docosahexaenoic acid on physiological and safety parameters in age-related cognitive decline. Alzheimers Dement 5(4): 84 (2009).
77. de Jager CA, Milwain E, Budge M. Early detection of isolated memory deficits in the elderly: the need for more sensitive neuropsychological tests. Psychol Med 32: 483-91 (2002).
78. Egerhazi A, Berecz R, Bartok E, Degrell I. Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB) in mild cognitive impairment and in Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 31(3): 746-51 (2007).