A semiotic model of destination representations applied to cultural and heritage tourism marketing

Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism

Volumn 10, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 33-53

  Pennington, Jody W ^a   Thomsen, Robert C ^b  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

^b AALBORG UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Cultural tourism; Destination representation; Heritage tourism; Semiotics

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; CULTURAL HERITAGE; HERITAGE TOURISM; MARKETING; MODELING; SYMBOLISM; TOURISM MARKET; TOURIST DESTINATION;

EID: 77952505201     PISSN: 15022250     EISSN: 15022269     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15022250903561895     Document Type: Article

References (86)

1. Askegaard, S. (1999). Advertising meanings and national consumer cultures - European perspectives. Advances in Consumer Research, 26(1), 675-677.
2. Baloglu, S. (2001). Image variations of Turkey by familiarity index: Informational and experiential dimensions. Tourism Management, 22(2), 127-133.
3. Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K.W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868-897.
4. Beerli, A., & Martin, J.D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657-681.
5. Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. London: Sage.
6. Bitoun, C. (2006). Semiotics, as a tool to understand and take action. Marketing Review, 6, 111-121.
7. Bonn, M.A., Joseph-Mathews, S.M., Dai, M., Hayes, S., & Cave, J. (2007). Heritage/cultural attraction atmospherics: Creating the right environment for the heritage/cultural visitor. Journal of Travel Research, 45(3), 345-354.
8. Carr, N. (2002). The tourism-leisure behavioural continuum. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(4), 972-986.
9. Cherrier, H., & Murray, J.B. (2004). The sociology of consumption: The hidden facet of marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 20, 509-525.
10. Crompton, J.L. (1979). An assessment of the image of Mexico as a vacation destination and the influence of geographical location upon that image. Journal of Travel Research, 17(4), 18-23.
11. Destination Halifax. (2008). Destination Halifax. Retrieved 8 January 2009 from: http://www.destination-halifax.com/
12. Echtner, C.M. (1999). The semiotic paradigm: Implications for tourism research. Tourism Management, 20(1), 47-57.
13. Gale, N., Golledge, R.G., Halperin, W.C., & Couclelis, H. (1990). Exploring spatial familiarity. The Professional Geographer, 42(3), 299-313.
14. Gartner, W.C. (1993). Image formation process. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 2(2-3), 191-215.
15. Gram-Andersen, J. (1994). Den kongelige Livgarde, 4th edn. Copenhagen: Den kongelige Livgarde i samarbejde med Nyt Nordisk Forlag.
16. Grayson, K., & Martinec, R. (2004). Consumer perceptions of iconicity and indexicality and their influence on assessments of authentic market offerings. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 296-312.
17. Grayson, K., & Shulman, D. (2000). Indexicality and the verification function of irreplaceable possessions: A semiotic analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 27, 17-30.
18. Gunn, C.A. (1972). Vacationscape: Designing tourist regions. Austin. TX: Bureau of Business Research.
19. Hancock, P. (2005). Uncovering the semiotic in organizational aesthetics. Organization, 12, 29-50.
20. Harvey, M., & Evans, M. (2001). Decoding competitive propositions: A semiotic alternative to traditional advertising research. International Journal of Market Research, 43(2), 171-187.
21. Hedebo Olsen, L. (2007). Kay Bojesen. Copenhagen and Humlebsk: Aschehoug and Louisiana.
22. Hiller, H. (2005). Tourism and Florida's emerging downtowns & small towns: A guide to new tourism partnerships and enhancing new product development & marketing. Tallahassee, FL: New Product Development Department of VISIT FLORIDA.
23. Hsu, C.H.C., Kang, S.K., & Wolfe, K. (2002). Psychographic and demographic profiles of niche market leisure travelers. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 26(1), 3-22.
24. Hummon, D.M. (1988). Tourist worlds: Tourist advertising, ritual, and American culture. The Sociological Quarterly, 29(2), 179-202.
25. Hunter, W.C. (2008). A typology of photographic representations for tourism: Depictions of groomed spaces. Tourism Management, 29(2), 354-365.
26. Jacobsen, J.K.S. (2007). Use of landscape perception methods in tourism studies: A review of photo-based research approaches. Tourism Geographies, 9(3), 234-253.
27. Jenkins, O.H. (1999). Understanding and measuring tourist destination images. International Journal of Tourism Research, 1(1), 1-15.
28. Jenkins, O.H. (2003). Photography and travel brochures: The circle of representation. Tourism Geographies, 5(3), 305-328.
29. Johansen, J.D. (1993). Dialogic semiosis: An essay on signs and meaning. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
30. Kerstetter, D., & Cho, M.-H. (2004). Prior knowledge, credibility and information search. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 961-985.
31. Kessous, A., & Elyette, R. (2008). A semiotic analysis of nostalgia as a connection to the past. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 11, 192-212.
32. Lacy, J.A., & Douglass, W. (2002). Beyond authenticity: The meanings and uses of cultural tourism. Tourist Studies, 2(1), 5-21.
33. Langrehr, F.W., & Caywood, C.L. (1995). A semiotic approach to determining the sins and virtues portrayed in advertising. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 17, 33-47.
34. Lehto, X.Y., O'Leary, J.T., & Morrison, A.M. (2002). Do psychographics influence vacation destination choices? A comparison of British travellers to North America, Asia and Oceania. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 8(2), 109-125.
35. Leja, M. (2008). Peirce's visuality and the semiotics of art. In P. Smith & C. Wilde (Eds.), A companion to art theory (pp. 303-316). Online. Print edition Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Company, 2002.
36. MacKay, K.J. (2005). Is a picture worth a thousand words? Snapshots from tourism destination image research. In J. Aramberri & R. Butler (Eds.), Tourism development: Issues for a vulnerable industry (pp. 44-65). Clevedon, UK: Channel View Publications.
37. MacKay, K.J., & Couldwell, C.M. (2004). Using visitor-employed photography to investigate destination image. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), 390-396.
38. MacKay, K.J., & Fesenmaier, D.R. (1997). Pictorial element of destination in image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(3), 537-565.
39. MacKay, K.J., & Smith, M.C. (2006). Destination advertising: Age and format effects on memory. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(1), 7-24.
40. Maggio-Muller, K., & Evans, M. (2008). Culture, communications and business. International Journal of Market Research, 50, 169-180.
41. Markwick, M. (2001). Postcards from Malta: Image, consumption, context. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 417-438.
42. Meaney, S., & Robb, J. (2006). Shooting Ireland: The American tourism market and promotional film. Irish Geography, 39(2), 129-142.
43. Mitchell, W.J.T. (1995). Representation. In F. Lentricchia & T. McLaughlin (Eds.), Critical terms for literary study (2nd edn, pp. 11-22). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
44. Molina, A., & Esteban, A. (2006). Tourism brochures: Usefulness and image. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1036-1056.
45. Mutch, A. (2002). Information, organisation and technology: Studies in organisational semiotics. Journal of Management Studies, 39(8), 1185-1187.
46. Naoi, T., Airey, D., Iijima, S., & Niininen, O. (2006). Visitors' evaluation of an historical district: Repertory grid analysis and laddering analysis with photographs. Tourism Management, 27(3), 420-436.
47. Norman, A. (1998). Seeing, semantics and social epistemic practice. Studies In History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 29(4), 501-513.
48. Otubanjo, B.O., & Melewar, T.C. (2007). Understanding the meaning of corporate identity: A conceptual and semiological approach. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 12, 414-432.
49. Parks Canada Agency. (2008, November 10). Halifax citadel national historic site of Canada: Natural wonders & cultural treasures- history: The Town Clock. Retrieved 28 December 2008 from: http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/ns/halifax/natcul/natcul2_e.asp
50. Peirce, C.S. (1931-1958a). Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce (Vol. 1). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
51. Peirce, C.S. (1931-1958b). Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce (Vol. 2). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
52. Peirce, C.S. (1931-1958c). Collected papers of Charles Sanders Peirce (Vol. 8). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
53. Peirce, C.S., Houser, N., Kloesel, C.J.W., & Peirce Edition Project. (1998). The essential Peirce: Selected philosophical writings, 1893-1913. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
54. Philipp, E.E. (1993). An overview of the development of infertility research and treatment. International Journal of Fertility and Menopausal Studies, 38(3), 134-138.
55. Pike, S. (2002). Destination image analysis - a review of 142 papers from 1973 to 2000. Tourism Management, 23(5), 541-549.
56. Pinson, C. (1988). Introduction to the double special issue on semiotics and marketing communication research. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 4(3), 167-172.
57. Plog, S.C. (2002). The power of psychographics and the concept of venturesomeness. Journal of Travel Research, 40(3), 244-251.
58. Prentice, R. (2004). Tourist familiarity and imagery. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(4), 923-945.
59. Prentice, R., & Andersen, V. (2007). Interpreting heritage essentialisms: Familiarity and felt history. Tourism Management, 28(3), 661-676.
60. Price, R. & Shanks, G. (2005). A semiotic information quality framework: Development and comparative analysis. Journal of Information Technology, 20(2), 88-102.
61. Reisinger, Y., & Mavondo, F. (2004). Modeling psychographic profiles: A study of the U.S. and Australian student travel market. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 28(1), 44-65.
62. Richards, G. (2002). Gastronomy: An essential ingredient in tourism production or consumption? In A.M. Hjalager & G. Richards (Eds.), Tourism and gastronomy (pp. 3-20). London: Routledge.
63. Scarles, C. (2004). Mediating landscapes: The processes and practices of image construction in tourist brochures of Scotland. Tourist Studies, 4(1), 43-67.
64. Scott, L.M., & Vargas, P. (2007). Writing with pictures: Toward a unifying theory of consumer response to images. Journal of Consumer Research, 34(3), 341-356.
65. Short, T.L. (2004). The development of Peirce's theory of signs. In C. Misak (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to Peirce (pp. 214-240). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
66. Singh, N. (2004). From cultural models to cultural categories: A framework for cultural analysis. Journal of American Academy of Business, Cambridge, 5(1/2), 95-101.
67. Singh, N., & Formica, S. (2007). Level of congruency in photographic representations of destination marketing organizations? Websites and brochures. Journal of Hospitality and Leisure Marketing, 15(3), 71-86.
68. Smith, A. (2005). Conceptualizing city image change: The 're-imaging' of Barcelona. Tourism Geographies, 7(4), 398-423.
69. Snodgrass, J.G., & Vanderwart, M. (1980). A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 6(2), 174-215.
70. Stamou, A.G., & Paraskevopoulos, S. (2006). Representing protected areas: A critical discourse analysis of tourism destination building in a Greek travel magazine. International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(6), 431-449.
71. Stamper, R., Liu, K., Hafkamp, M., & Ades, Y. (2000). Understanding the roles of signs and norms in organizations - a semiotic approach to information systems design. Behaviour & Information Technology, 19, 15-27.
72. Stepchenkova, S., & Morrison, A.M. (2008). Russia's destination image among American pleasure travelers: Revisiting Echtner and Ritchie. Tourism Management, 29(3), 548-560.
73. Tasci, A.D.A., & Gartner, W.C. (2007). Destination image and its functional relationships. Journal of Travel Research, 45(4), 413-425.
74. Torlee, L. (2004). The perils of segmentation. Marketing Magazine, 109(27), 31.
75. Urry, J. (2001). The tourist gaze, 2nd edn. London: Sage.
76. Valentine, V. (2002). Semiotics, marketing and communication: Beneath the signs, the strategies. International Journal of Advertising, 21(2), 280-282.
77. Valentine, V. (2003). Using semiotics to build powerful brands for children. International Journal of Advertising & Marketing to Children, 4, 9-16.
78. VISIT FLORIDA. (2009). Visit Florida. Retrieved 8 January 2009 from: http://www.visitflorida.com/
79. VisitDenmark. (2009). The official travel guide to Denmark. Retrieved 8 January 2009 from: http://www.visitdenmark.com
80. Waitt, G. (2000). Consuming heritage: Perceived historical authenticity. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(4), 835-862.
81. Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(2), 349-370.
82. Warlaumont, H.G. (1998). Realism in magazine advertising: Meaning, prevalence, and intention. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 20(2), 19-29.
83. Wells, R. (1967). Distinctively human semiotic. Social Science Information, 6(6), 103-124.
84. Wyckoff, W., & Dilsaver, L.M. (1997). Promotional imagery of Glacier National Park. Geographical Review, 87(1), 1-26.
85. Yüksel, A., & Akgül, O. (2007). Postcards as affective image makers: An idle agent in destination marketing. Tourism Management, 28(3), 714-725.
86. Zalatan, A. (1998). Wives' involvement in tourism decision processes. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 890-903.