Morphological differences between the eyeballs of nocturnal and diurnal amniotes revisited from optical perspectives of visual environments

Vision Research

Volumn 50, Issue 10, 2010, Pages 936-946

  Schmitz, Lars ^a   Motani, Ryosuke ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Amniotes; Diurnal vision; Eyeball morphology; Nocturnal vision; Scleral ring; Sensitivity

Indexed keywords

AMNION; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM; CATHEMERAL ANIMAL; DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS; DIURNAL ANIMAL; EYEBALL; ILLUMINATION; MORPHOLOGY; NOCTURNAL ANIMAL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SPECIES DIFFERENCE; VERTEBRATE; VISION;

ANIMALS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); EYE; LIGHT; PHYLOGENY; VERTEBRATES; VISION, OCULAR;

EID: 77952009555     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2010.03.009     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Augusteyn R.C., Rosen A.M., Borja D., Ziebarth N.M., Parel J.-M. Biometry of primate lenses during immersion in preservation media. Molecular Vision 2006, 12:740-747.
2. Bininda-Emonds O.R.P., Cardillo M., Jones K.E., MacPhee R.D.E., Beck R.M.D., Grenyer R., et al. The delayed rise of present-day mammals. Nature 2007, 446(7135):507-512.
3. Blomberg S.P., Garland T., Ives A.R. Testing for phylogenetic signal in comparative data: Behavioural traits are more labile. Evolution 2003, 57(4):717-745.
4. Brooke M.D., Hanley S., Laughlin S.B. The scaling of eye size with body mass in birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B 1999, 266(1417):405-412.
5. Castenholz, A. (1984). The eye of Tarsius. In C. Niemitz (Ed.), Biology of Tarsiers (pp. 303-318). Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer-Verlag.
6. Charman W.N. The vertebrate dioptric apparatus. Evolution of the eye and visual system 1991, 82-117. CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, Ann Arbor, Boston. J.R. Cronly-Dillon, R.L. Gregory (Eds.).
7. Clement R.A. A quantitative description of lens eye morphology and its implications. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 2004, 24(3):242-245.
8. Díaz-Uriarte R., Garland T. Testing hypotheses of correlated evolution using phylogenetically independent contrasts: Sensitivity to deviations from Brownian Motion. Systematic Biology 1996, 45(1):27-47.
9. Díaz-Uriarte R., Garland T. Effects of branch length errors on the performance of phylogenetically independent contrasts. Systematic Biology 1998, 47(4):654-672.
10. Donne-Goussé C., Laudet V., Hänni C. A molecular phylogeny of anseriformes based on mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 2002, 23(3):339-356.
11. Duke-Elder S. System of ophthalmology: The eye in evolution 1958, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
12. Edinger T. Über knöcherne Scleralringe. Zoologisches Jahrbuch 1929, 51:164-226.
13. Ericson P.G.P., Anderson C.L., Britton T., Elzanowski A., Johansson U., Källersjö M., et al. Diversification of Neoaves: Integration of molecular sequence data and fossils. Biology Letters 2006, 2(4):543-547.
14. Felsenstein J. Phylogenies and the comparative method. The American Naturalist 1985, 125(1):1-15.
15. Franz-Odendaal T.A., Hall B.K. Skeletal elements within teleost eyes and a discussion of their homology. Journal of Morphology 2006, 267(11):1326-1337.
16. Friedmann J. Regularized discriminant analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1989, 84(405):165-175.
17. Garland T., Harvey P.H., Ives A.R. Procedures for the analysis of comparative data using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Systematic Biology 1992, 41(1):18-32.
18. Garland T., Midford P.E., Ives A.R. An introduction to phylogenetically based statistical methods, with a new method for confidence intervals on ancestral values. American Zoologist 1999, 39(2):374-388.
19. Grafen A. The phylogenetic regression. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 1989, 326(1233):119-157.
20. Hackett S.J., Kimball R.T., Reddy S., Bowie R.C.K., Braun E.L., Braun M.J., et al. A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history. Science 2008, 320(5884):1763-1768.
21. Hall M.I. Comparative analysis of the size and shape of the lizard eye. Zoology 2008, 111(1):62-75.
22. Hall M.I. The anatomical relationships between the avian eye, orbit and sclerotic ring: Implications for inferring activity patterns in extinct birds. Journal of Anatomy 2008, 212(6):781-794.
23. Hall M.I., Ross C.F. Eye shape and activity pattern in birds. Journal of Zoology 2007, 271(4):437-444.
24. Howland H.C., Merola S., Basarab J.R. The allometry and scaling of the size of vertebrate eyes. Vision Research 2004, 44(17):2043-2065.
25. Hughes A. The topography of vision in mammals of contrasting life style: comparative optics and retinal organisation. The visual system in vertebrates 1977, 613-756. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. F. Crescitelli (Ed.).
26. Kirk E.C. Comparative morphology of the eye in primates. Anatomical Record Part A 2004, 281(1):1095-1103.
27. Kirk E.C. Effects of activity pattern on eye size and orbital aperture size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution 2006, 51(2):159-170.
28. Land M.F. Optics and vision in invertebrates. Comparative physiology and evolution of vision in invertebrates. B: Invertebrate visual centers and behavior I 1981, 471-592. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. M.F. Land, S.B. Laughlin, D.R. Nässel, N.J. Strausfeld, T.H. Waterman (Eds.).
29. Land M.F., Nilsson D.E. Animal eyes 2002, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
30. Leuckart R. Organologie des auges. Handbuch der gesamten augenheilkunde, zweiter band, erste hälfte. anatomie und physiologie, zweiter theil, erste hälfte 1875, 145-301. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig. A. Graefe, T. Saemisch (Eds.).
31. Lythgoe J.N. The ecology of vision 1979, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
32. Maddison, W. P., & Maddison, D. R. (2008). Mesquite: a modular system for evolutionary analysis. Version 2.5. <>. http://mesquiteproject.org.
33. Marcot J.D. Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls. Evolution of artiodactyls 2007, 4-18. The Johns-Hopkins University Press, Baltimore. D.R. Prothero, S.E. Foss (Eds.).
34. Martin G.R. An owl's eye: schematic optics and visual performance in Strix aluco L. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 1982, 145(3):341-349.
35. Martin G.R. Schematic eye models in vertebrates. Progress in sensory physiology 1983, Vol. 4:43-82. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
36. Martin G.R., Rojas L.M., Ramirez Y., McNeil R. The eyes of oilbirds (Steatornis caripensis): Pushing at the limits of sensitivity. Naturwissenschaften 2004, 91(1):26-29.
37. Mayr G. The paleogene fossil record of birds in Europe. Biological Reviews 2005, 80(4):515-542.
38. McKenna M.C., Bell S.K. Classification of mammals above the species level 1997, Columbia University Press, New York.
39. Midford, P. E., Garland, T., Jr., Maddison, W. P. (2003). PDAP Package.
40. Motani R., Rothschild B.M., Wahl W. Large eyeballs in diving ichthyosaurs - The huge eyes of these extinct reptiles may have been useful deep in the ocean. Nature 1999, 402(6763):747.
41. Murphy C.J., Howland H.C. The optics of comparative ophthalmoscopy. Vision Research 1987, 27(4):599-607.
42. Ott M., Schaeffel F. A negatively powered lens in the chameleon. Nature 1995, 373:692-694.
43. Pereira S.L., Baker A.J. A mitogenomic timescale for birds detects variable phylogenetic rates of molecular evolution and refutes the standard molecular clock. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006, 23(9):1731-1740.
44. Pettigrew J.D., Dreher B., Hopkins C.S., McCall M.J., Brown M. Peak density and distribution of ganglion-cells in the retinae of microchiropteran bats - implications fro visual acuity. Brain Behavior and Evolution 1988, 32(1):39-56.
45. Prince J.H. Comparative anatomy of the eye 1956, Charles C. Thomas, Springfield.
46. Rencher A.C. Methods of multivariate statistics 2002, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
47. Ritland, S. (1982). The allometry of the vertebrate eye. PhD Thesis. Chicago: University of Chicago.
48. Ross C.F. Into the light: The origin of the Anthropoidea. Annual Reviews of Anthropology 2000, 29:147-194.
49. Ross C.F., Kirk E.C. Evolution of eye size and shape in primates. Journal of Human Evolution 2007, 52(3):294-313.
50. Schaeffel F., Wagner H. Emmetropization and optical development of the eye of the barn owl (Tyto alba). Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensroy, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology 1996, 178(4):491-498.
51. Schmitz L. Quantitative estimates of visual performance features in fossil birds. Journal of Morphology 2009, 270(6):759-773.
52. Schulte J.A., Valladares J.P., Larson A. Phylogenetic relationships within the Iguanidae inferred using molecular and morphological data and a phylogenetic taxonomy of iguanian lizards. Herpetologica 2003, 59(3):399-419.
53. Slack K.E., Jones C.M., Ando T., Harrison G.L., Fordyce R.E., Arnason U., et al. Early penguin fossils, plus mitochondrial genomes, calibrate avian evolution. Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006, 23(6):1144-1155.
54. Tansley K. Vision in the vertebrates 1965, Chapman and Hall, London.
55. Thomas R.J., Kelly D.J., Goodship N.M. Eye design in birds and visual constraints on behaviour. Ornitologia Neotropical 2004, 15:243-250.
56. Thomas R.J., Szekely T., Cuthill I.C., Harper D.G.C., Newson S.E., Frayling T.D., et al. Eye size in birds and the timing of song at dawn. Proceedings of the Royal Society London Series B 2002, 269(1493):831-837.
57. Thomas R.J., Szekely T., Powell R.F., Cuthill I.C. Eye size, foraging methods and the timing of foraging in shorebirds. Functional Ecology 2006, 20(1):157-165.
58. Vidal N., Hedges S.B. The phylogeny of squamate reptiles (lizards, snakes, and amphisbaenians) inferred from nine nuclear protein-coding genes. Comptes Rendus Biologies 2005, 328(10-11):1000-1008.
59. Walls G.L. The vertebrate eye and its adaptive radiation 1942, Hafner Pub. Co., New York.
60. Warrant E. Vision in the dimmest habitats on earth. Journal of Comparative Physiology, A 2004, 190:765-789.
61. Warrant E.J. Nocturnal vision. Vision II 2008, Vol. 2:53-86. Academic Press, Oxford.