Early penguin fossils, plus mitochondrial genomes, calibrate avian evolution

Molecular Biology and Evolution

Volumn 23, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1144-1155

  Slack, Kerryn E ^a,b   Jones, Craig M ^c   Ando, Tatsuro ^d   Harrison, G L ^a   Fordyce, R Ewan ^d   Arnason, Ulfur ^b   Penny, David ^a  

^a MASSEY UNIVERSITY   (New Zealand)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^c GNS SCIENCE   (New Zealand)

^d UNIVERSITY OF OTAGO   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BAYES THEOREM; BIRD; DNA SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION; FOSSIL; FOWL; GENOME; GENUS; MITOCHONDRION; NEW ZEALAND; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PENGUIN; SKELETON; TAXONOMY;

ANIMALS; BIRDS; DNA, MITOCHONDRIAL; EVOLUTION; FOSSILS; GENES, MITOCHONDRIAL; PHYLOGENY; SPHENISCIDAE;

AVES; ENANTIORNITHIFORMES; HESPERORNIS; ICHTHYORNIS; SPHENISCIDAE;

EID: 33646886799     PISSN: 07374038     EISSN: 15371719     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msj124     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Alvarez, L. W., W. Alvarez, F. Asaro, and H. V. Michel. 1980. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction - experimental results and theoretical interpretation. Science 208:1095-1108.
2. Arney, J. E., and S. W. Wise Jr. 2003. Paleocene-Eocene nannofossil biostratigraphy of ODP Leg 183, Kerguelen Plateau. Proc. Ocean Drilling Program, Sci. Results 183:1-59.
3. Baker, A. J., S. L. Pereira, O. P. Haddrath, and K.-A. Edge. 2006. Multiple gene evidence for expansion of extant penguins out of Antarctica due to global cooling. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 273:11-17.
4. Bennett, S. C. 1996. Year-classes of pterosaurs from Solnhofen limestone of Germany: taxonomic and systematic implications. J. Vert. Paleontol. 16:432-444.
5. Bleiweiss, R. 1998. Fossil gap analysis supports early Tertiary origin of trophically diverse avian orders. Geology 26:323-326.
6. Bromham, L. D., and M. D. Hendy. 2000. Can fast early rates reconcile molecular dates to the Cambrian explosion? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 267:1041-1047.
7. Buffetaut, E., and J.-M. Mazin. 2003. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 217.
8. Cardillo, M., G. M. Mace, K. E. Jones, J. Bielby, O. R. P. Bininda-Emonds, W. Sechrest, C. D. L. Orme, and A. Purvis. 2005. Multiple causes of high extinction risk in large mammal species. Science 309:1239-1241.
9. Chang, M-M., ed. 2004. The Jehol Biota: the emergence of feathered dinosaurs, beaked birds and flowering plants. Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, Shanghai.
10. Chiappe, L. M. 1995. The first 85-million years of avian evolution. Nature 378:349-355.
11. Chiappe, L. M. 2003. Basal bird phylogeny. Pp. 448-472 in L. M. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer, eds. Mesozoic birds: above the heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley.
12. Chiappe, L. M., and G. J. Dyke. 2002. The Mesozoic radiation of birds. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 33:91-124.
13. Chinsamy, A., L. D. Martin, and P. Dodson. 1998. Bone microstructure of the diving Hesperornis and volant Ichthyornis from the Niobrara chalk of western Kansas. Cretac. Res. 19:225-235.
14. Clarke, J. A. 2004. Morphology, phylogenetic taxonomy, and systematics of Ichthyornis and Apatornis (Avialae: Ornithurae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 286:1-179.
15. Clarke, J. A., and M. A. Norell. 2002. The morphology and phylogenetic position of Apsaravis ukhaana from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Am. Mus. Novit. 3387:1-46.
16. Clarke, J. A., E. B. Olivero, and P. Puerta. 2003. Description of the earliest fossil penguin from South America and the first Paleogene vertebrate locality of Tierra del Fuega, Argentina. Am. Mus. Novit. 3423:1-18.
17. Clarke, J. A., C. P. Tambussi, J. I. Noriega, G. M. Erickson, and R. A. Ketchman. 2005. Definitive fossil evidence for the extant avian radiation in the Cretaceous. Nature 433:305-308.
18. Conway Morris, S. 1998. Early metazoan evolution: reconciling paleontology and molecular biology. Am. Zool. 38:867-877.
19. Cooper, A., and D. Penny. 1997. Mass survival of birds across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. Science 275:1109-1113.
20. Cooper, R. A. 2004. The New Zealand geological timescale. Inst. Geol. Nucl. Sci. Monogr. 22:1-284.
21. Cracraft, J. 1988. Pp. 339-361 in M. J. Benton, ed. The Phylogeny and Classification of the Tetrapods. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
22. Cracraft, J. 2001. Avian evolution, Gondwana biogeography and the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction event. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 268:459-469.
23. Cracraft, J., and J. A. Clarke. 2001. The basal clades of modern birds. Pp. 143-156 in J. Gauthier and L. F. Gall, eds. New perspectives on the origin and early evolution of birds: proceedings of the international symposium in honor of John H. Ostrom. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University.
24. Delsuc, F., M. J. Phillips, and D. Penny. 2003. Technical comment on "Hexapod Origins: monophyletic or paraphyletic?" Science 301:1482d.
25. Dyke, G. J., R. W. Dortangs, J. W. M. Jagt, E. W. A. Mulder, A. S. Schulp, and L. M. Chiappe. 2002. Europe's last Mesozoic bird. Naturwissenschaften 89:408-411.
26. Dyke, G. J., and B. E. Gulas 2002. The fossil galliform bird Paraortygoides from the Lower Eocene of the United Kingdom. Am. Mus. Novit. 3360:1-14.
27. Dyke, G. J., and M. van Tuinen. 2004. The evolutionary radiation of modern birds (Neornithes) reconciling molecules, morphology and the fossil record. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 141:153-177.
28. Elzanowski, A., G. S. Paul, and T. A. Stidham. 2000. An avian quadrate from the late Cretaceous Lance formation of Wyoming. J. Vert. Paleontol. 20:712-719.
29. Feduccia, A. 1996. The Origin and Evolution of Birds. Yale University Press, New Haven.
30. Feduccia, A. 2003. 'Big bang' for Tertiary birds? Trends Ecol. Evol. 18:172-176.
31. Field, B. D., and G. H. Browne. 1989. Cretaceous and Cenozoic sedimentary basins and geological evolution of the Canterbury Region, South Island, New Zealand. N. Z. Geol. Survey Basin Studies 2:1-94.
32. Foote, M., J. P. C. Hunter, M. Janis, and J. J. Sepkowski. 1999. Evolutionary and preservational constraints on origins of biologic groups: divergence times of eutherian mammals. Science 283:1310-1314.
33. Fordyce, R. E., and C. M. Jones 1990. Penguin history and new fossil material from New Zealand. Pp. 419-446 in L. S. Davis and J. T. Darby, eds. Penguin Biology. Academic Press, San Diego.
34. Fountaine, T. M. R., M. J. Benton, G. J. Dyke, and R. L. Nudds. 2005. The quality of the fossil record of Mesozoic birds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 272:289-294.
35. Fox, R. C. 1984. Ichthyornis (Aves) from the early Turanian (Late Cretaceous) of Alberta. Can. J. Earth Sci. 21:258-260.
36. Galton, P. M., and L. D Martin. 2003. Enaliornis, an Early Cretaceous hesperornithiform bird from England, with comments on other hesperornithiformes. Pp. 317-338 in L. M. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer, eds. Mesozoic Birds: Above the heads of Dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley.
37. Härlid, A., A. Janke, and U. Arnason. 1997. The mtDNA sequence of the ostrich and the divergence between paleognathous and neognathous birds. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:754-761.
38. Harrison, G. L., P. A. McLenachan, M. J. Phillips, K. E. Slack, A. Cooper, and D. Penny. 2004. Four new avian mitochondrial genomes help get to basic evolutionary questions in the Late Cretaceous. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21:974-983.
39. Hedges, S. B., P. H. Parker, C. G. Sibley, and S. Kumar. 1996. Continental breakup and the ordinal diversification of birds and animals. Nature 381:226-229.
40. Hills, L. V., E. L. Nicholls, L. M. Nunez-Betelu, and D. J. McIntyre. 1999. Hesperornis (Aves) from Ellesmere Island and palynological correlation of known Canadian localities. Can. J. Earth Sci. 36:1583-1588.
41. Holdaway, R. N., and C. Jacomb. 2000. Rapid extinction of the moas (Aves: Dinornithiformes) Model, test, and implications. Science 287:2250-2254.
42. Hollis, C. J., and C. P. Strong. 2003. Biostratigraphic review of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary transition, mid-Waipara River section, North Canterbury, New Zealand. N. Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 46:243-253.
43. Hope, S. 2002. The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes. Pp. 339-388 in L. M. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer, eds. Mesozoic Birds: Above the heads of dinosaurs. University California Press, Berkeley.
44. Howard, H. 1966. A possible ancestor of the Lucas auk (family Mancallidae) from the Tertiary of Orange County, California. Los Angeles County Mus. Contrib. Sci. 101:1-8.
45. Howard, H. 1970. A review of the extinct avian genus, Mancalla. Los Angeles County Mus. Contrib. Sci. 203:1-12.
46. Howard, H. 1976. A new species of flightless auk from the Miocene of California (Alcidae: Mancallinae). Smithsonian Contrib. Paleobiol. 27:141-146.
47. Huelsenbeck, J., and F. Ronquist. 2001. MrBayes: Bayesian inference on phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17:754-755.
48. Hwang, K.-G., H. Huh, M. G. Lockley, D. M. Unwin, and J. L. Wright. 2002. New pterosaur tracks (Pteraichnidae) from the Late Cretaceous Uhangri Formation, southwestern Korea. Geol. Mag. 139:421-435.
49. Johnson, C. N. 2002. Determinants of loss of mammal species during the late Quaternary 'megafauna' extinctions: life history and ecology, but not body size. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269:2221-2227.
50. Jones, C. M., and A. Mannering. 1997. New Paleocene fossil bird material from the Waipara Greensand, North Canterbury, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. N. Z. Misc. Publ. 95A:88.
51. Kim, C. B., M. Huh, C. S. Cheong, M. G. Lockley, and H. W. Chang. 2003. Age of the pterosaur and web-footed bird tracks associated with dinosaur footprints from South Korea. Island Arc 12:125-131.
52. Kurochkin, E. N., G. J. Dyke, and A. A. Karhu. 2002. A new presbyornithid bird (Aves, Anseriformes) from the late Cretaceous of Southern Mongolia. Am. Mus. Novit. 3386:1-11.
53. Lin, Y.-H., P. A. McLenachan, A. R. Gore, M. J. Phillips, R. Ota, M. D. Hendy, and D. Penny. 2002. Four new mitochondrial genomes and the increased stability of evolutionary trees of mammals from improved taxon sampling. Mol. Biol. Evol. 19:2060-2070.
54. Livezey, B. C., and R. L. Zusi. 2001. Higher-order phylogenetics of modern Aves based on comparative anatomy. Netherlands J. Zool. 51:179-205.
55. Lockley, M. G. 1998. The vertebrate track record. Nature 396:429-432.
56. Lockley, M. G., and E. C. Rainforth. 2002. The track record of Mesozoic birds and pterosaurs: an ichnological and paleoecological perspective. Pp. 405-418 in L. M. Chiappe and L. M. Witmer, eds. Mesozoic Birds: Above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley.
57. Martin, L. D., and J. D. Stewart. 1982. An ichthyornithiform bird from the Campanian of Canada. Can. J. Earth Sci. 19:324-327.
58. Mayr, G., and J. Clarke. 2003. The deep divergences of neornithine birds: a phylogenetic analysis of morphological characters. Cladistics 19:527-553.
59. Miller, L., and H. Howard. 1949. The flightless Pliocene bird Mancalla. Pp. 201-228 in R. W. Wilson, ed. Some Tertiary mammals and birds from North America. Carnegie Institution, Washington.
60. Myrcha, A., P. Jadwiszczak, C. P. Tambussi, J. I. Noriega, A. Gazdzicki, A. Tatur, and R. A. del Valle. 2002. Taxonomic revision of Eocene Antarctic penguins based on tarsometatarsal morphology. Polish Polar Res. 23:5-46.
61. Norell, M. A., and J. A. Clarke. 2001. Fossil that fills a critical gap in avian evolution. Nature 409:181-184.
62. Olson, S. L. 1980. A new genus of penguin-like pelecaniform bird from the Oligocene of Washington (Pelecaniformes: Plotopteridae). Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County 330:51-57.
63. Olson, S. L., and Y. Hasegawa. 1996. A new genus and two new species of gigantic Plotopteridae from Japan (Aves: Pelecaniformes). J. Vert. Paleontol. 16:742-751.
64. Olson, S. L., and Y. Hasegawa. 1979. Fossil counterparts of giant penguins from the North Pacific. Science 206:688-689.
65. Paton, T., O. Haddrath, and A. J. Baker. 2002. Complete mitochondrial DNA genome sequences show that modern birds are not descended from transitional shorebirds. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269:839-846.
66. Penny, D., and M. J. Phillips. 2004. The rise of birds and mammals: are microevolutionary processes sufficient for macroevolution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19:516-522.
67. Peters, S. E. 2005. Geologic constraints on the macroevolutionary history of marine animals. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102:12326-12331.
68. Phillips, M. J., and D. Penny. 2003. The root of the mammalian tree inferred from whole mitochondrial genomes. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 28:171-185.
69. Posada, D., and K. A. Crandall. 1998. MODELTEST: Testing the model of DNA substitution. Bioinformatics 14:817-818.
70. Robertson, D. S., M. C. McKenna, O. B. Toon, S. Hope, and J. A. Lillegraven. 2004. Survival in the first hours of the Cenozoic. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 116:760-768.
71. Sibley, C. G., and J. E. Ahlquist. 1990. Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven.
72. Simons, A. M. 2002. The continuity of microevolution and macroevolution. J. Evol. Biol. 15:688-701.
73. Simpson, G. G. 1975. Fossil Penguins. Pp. 19-41 in B. Stonehouse, ed. The Biology of Penguins. Macmillan, London.
74. Slack, K. E., A. Janke, D. Penny, and U. Arnason. 2003. Two new avian mitochondrial genomes (penguin and goose) and a summary of bird and reptile mitogenomic features. Gene 302:43-52.
75. Swofford, D. L. 2001. PAUP* (phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods) ver 4.0b8. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Mass.
76. Thorne, J. L., and H. Kishino. 2002. Divergence time and evolutionary rate estimation with multilocus data. Syst. Biol. 51:689-702.
77. Unwin, D. M. 2003. On the phylogeny and evolutionary history of pterosaurs. Pp. 139-190 in E. Buffetaut and J.-M. Mazin, eds. Evolution and Palaeobiology of Pterosaurs. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ. 217.
78. Unwin, D. M. 1988. Extinction and survival in birds. Pp. 295-318 in G. P. Larwood, ed. Extinction and survival in the fossil record. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
79. Vajda, V., J. I. Raine, and C. J. Hollis. 2001. Indication of global deforestation at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary by New Zealand fern spike. Science 294:1700-1702.
80. Van Tuinen, M., and S. B. Hedges. 2001. Calibration of avian molecular clocks. Mol. Biol. Evol. 18:206-213.
81. Wagner, P. J. 2000. The quality of the fossil record and the accuracy of phylogenetic inferences about sampling and diversity. Syst. Biol. 49:65-86.
82. Wang, X., A. W. A. Kellner, Z. Zho, and D. S. Campos. 2005. Pterosaur diversity and faunal turnover in Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems in China. Nature 437:875-879.
83. Ward, P. D., J. Botha, R. Buick, M. O. De Kock, D. H. Erwin, G. H. Garrison, J. L. Kirschvink, and R. Smith. 2005. Abrupt and gradual extinction among Late Permian land vertebrates in the Karoo Basin, South Africa. Science 307:709-714.
84. Wellnhofer, P. 1991. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Pterosaurs. Salamander Books, London.
85. Wilf, F., K. R. Johnston, and B. T. Huber. 2003. Correlated terrestrial and marine evidence for global climate changes before mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 100:599-604.
86. Wilson, D. D. 1963. The geology of Waipara subdivision. N. Z. Geol. Surv. Bull. 64:1-122.
87. Zhou, Z. H. 2004. The origin and early evolution of birds: discoveries, disputes, and perspectives from fossil evidence. Naturwissenschaften 91:455-471.