메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 217-223

Adrenal insufficiency: Etiology, diagnosis and treatment

Author keywords

ACTH stimulation; Adrenal insufficiency; Autoimmunity; Glucocorticoids

Indexed keywords

CHRONOCORT; CORTICOTROPIN; DUOCORT; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROCORTISONE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; MEVINOLIN; OCTREOTIDE; PLACEBO; PRASTERONE; PREDNISOLONE; PREDNISONE; STEROID 21 MONOOXYGENASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

EID: 77951863360     PISSN: 1752296X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328338f608     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (105)

References (61)
  • 3
    • 0030926893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of Addison's disease in Coventry, UK
    • Willis AC, Vince FP. The prevalence of Addison's disease in Coventry, UK. Postgrad Med J 1997; 73:286-288.
    • (1997) Postgrad Med J , vol.73 , pp. 286-288
    • Willis, A.C.1    Vince, F.P.2
  • 4
    • 20444462824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • Merke DP, Bornstein SR. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Lancet 2005; 365:2125-2136.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 2125-2136
    • Merke, D.P.1    Bornstein, S.R.2
  • 7
    • 73249138400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency: Observations from a Norwegian registry
    • Erichsen MM, Lovas K, Skinningsrud B, et al. Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency: observations from a Norwegian registry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4882-4890.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 4882-4890
    • Erichsen, M.M.1    Lovas, K.2    Skinningsrud, B.3
  • 8
    • 70449107613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homozygosity of the polymorphism MICA5.1 identifies extreme risk of progression to overt adrenal insufficiency among 21-hydroxylase antibody-positive patients with type 1 diabetes
    • Triolo TM, Baschal EE, Armstrong TK, et al. Homozygosity of the polymorphism MICA5.1 identifies extreme risk of progression to overt adrenal insufficiency among 21-hydroxylase antibody-positive patients with type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:4517-4523.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 4517-4523
    • Triolo, T.M.1    Baschal, E.E.2    Armstrong, T.K.3
  • 11
    • 66249120658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency
    • Bornstein SR. Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:2328-2339.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 2328-2339
    • Bornstein, S.R.1
  • 12
    • 67651011893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: A multicentre randomised controlled trial
    • Jabre P, Combes X, Lapostolle F, et al. Etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation in acutely ill patients: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374:293-300.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 293-300
    • Jabre, P.1    Combes, X.2    Lapostolle, F.3
  • 13
    • 33846440150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration drug approval summary: Sunitinib malate for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced renal cell carcinoma
    • DOI 10.1634/theoncologist.12-1-107
    • Rock EP, Goodman V, Jiang JX, et al. Food and Drug Administration drug approval summary: sunitinib malate for the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist 2007; 12:107-113. (Pubitemid 46143508)
    • (2007) Oncologist , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 107-113
    • Rock, E.P.1    Goodman, V.2    Jiang, J.X.3    Mahjoob, K.4    Verbois, S.L.5    Morse, D.6    Dagher, R.7    Justice, R.8    Pazdur, R.9
  • 14
    • 0015156423 scopus 로고
    • Screening for adrenocortical insufficiency with cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH)
    • Speckart PF, Nicoloff JT, Bethune JE. Screening for adrenocortical insufficiency with cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH). Arch Intern Med 1971; 128:761-763.
    • (1971) Arch Intern Med , vol.128 , pp. 761-763
    • Speckart, P.F.1    Nicoloff, J.T.2    Bethune, J.E.3
  • 17
    • 58849141978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The low-dose corticotropin-stimulation test revisited: The less, the better?
    • Stewart PM, Clark PM. The low-dose corticotropin-stimulation test revisited: the less, the better? Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 2009; 5:68-69.
    • (2009) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab , vol.5 , pp. 68-69
    • Stewart, P.M.1    Clark, P.M.2
  • 18
    • 58149517242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliability of the low dose synacthen test in children undergoing pituitary function testing
    • Mushtaq T, Shakur F, Wales JK, Wright NP. Reliability of the low dose synacthen test in children undergoing pituitary function testing. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2008; 21:1129-1132.
    • (2008) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab , vol.21 , pp. 1129-1132
    • Mushtaq, T.1    Shakur, F.2    Wales, J.K.3    Wright, N.P.4
  • 19
    • 0032796628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproducibility of the cortisol response to stimulation with the low dose (1 microg) of ACTH
    • Park YJ, Park KS, Kim JH, et al. Reproducibility of the cortisol response to stimulation with the low dose (1 microg) of ACTH. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1999; 51:153-158.
    • (1999) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) , vol.51 , pp. 153-158
    • Park, Y.J.1    Park, K.S.2    Kim, J.H.3
  • 20
    • 73949086503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical details influence the diagnostic accuracy of the 1 microg ACTH stimulation test
    • Wade M, Baid S, Calis K, et al. Technical details influence the diagnostic accuracy of the 1 microg ACTH stimulation test. Eur J Endocrinol 2010; 162:109-113.
    • (2010) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.162 , pp. 109-113
    • Wade, M.1    Baid, S.2    Calis, K.3
  • 21
    • 30344453640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long-term predictive accuracy of the short Synacthen (corticotropin) stimulation test for assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
    • DOI 10.1210/jc.2005-1131
    • Agha A, Tomlinson JW, Clark PM, et al. The long-term predictive accuracy of the short synacthen (corticotropin) stimulation test for assessment of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:43-47. (Pubitemid 43069115)
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.91 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-47
    • Agha, A.1    Tomlinson, J.W.2    Clark, P.M.3    Holder, G.4    Stewart, P.M.5
  • 23
    • 58249086113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: Comparison between serum and salivary cortisol during the high-dose short synacthen test
    • Deutschbein T, Unger N, Mann K, Petersenn S. Diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease: comparison between serum and salivary cortisol during the high-dose short synacthen test. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:9-16.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.160 , pp. 9-16
    • Deutschbein, T.1    Unger, N.2    Mann, K.3    Petersenn, S.4
  • 27
    • 66149147829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: Effects on bone
    • Lovas K, Gjesdal CG, Christensen M, et al. Glucocorticoid replacement therapy and pharmacogenetics in Addison's disease: effects on bone. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:993-1002.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.160 , pp. 993-1002
    • Lovas, K.1    Gjesdal, C.G.2    Christensen, M.3
  • 28
    • 39049137056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term DHEA replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency: A randomized, controlled trial
    • Gurnell EM, Hunt PJ, Curran SE, et al. Long-term DHEA replacement in primary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized, controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:400-409.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.93 , pp. 400-409
    • Gurnell, E.M.1    Hunt, P.J.2    Curran, S.E.3
  • 30
    • 0015095938 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects
    • Weitzman ED, Fukushima D, Nogeire C, et al. Twenty-four hour pattern of the episodic secretion of cortisol in normal subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1971; 33:14-22.
    • (1971) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.33 , pp. 14-22
    • Weitzman, E.D.1    Fukushima, D.2    Nogeire, C.3
  • 31
    • 77951845428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of hydrocortisone dosage scheme on health related quality of life in patients with adrenal insufficiency
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Bleicken B, Hahner S, Loeffler M, et al. Influence of hydrocortisone dosage scheme on health related quality of life in patients with adrenal insufficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2009) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
    • Bleicken, B.1    Hahner, S.2    Loeffler, M.3
  • 32
    • 58149337414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired subjective health status in chronic adrenal insufficiency: Impact of different glucocorticoid replacement regimens
    • Bleicken B, Hahner S, Loeffler M, et al. Impaired subjective health status in chronic adrenal insufficiency: impact of different glucocorticoid replacement regimens. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 159:811-817.
    • (2008) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.159 , pp. 811-817
    • Bleicken, B.1    Hahner, S.2    Loeffler, M.3
  • 33
    • 34547440947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in Addison's disease
    • DOI 10.1530/EJE-07-0052
    • Lovas K, Husebye ES. Continuous subcutaneous hydrocortisone infusion in Addison's disease. Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 157:109-112. (Pubitemid 47162573)
    • (2007) European Journal of Endocrinology , vol.157 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-112
    • Lovas, K.1    Husebye, E.S.2
  • 34
    • 67349101224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of short-term nocturnal cortisol replacement on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency: A pilot study
    • Harbeck B, Kropp P, Monig H. Effects of short-term nocturnal cortisol replacement on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency: a pilot study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2009; 34:113-119.
    • (2009) Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback , vol.34 , pp. 113-119
    • Harbeck, B.1    Kropp, P.2    Monig, H.3
  • 35
    • 48949117175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replacement therapy of oral hydrocortisone in adrenal insufficiency: The influence of gastrointestinal factors
    • DOI 10.1517/17425255.4.6.749
    • Lennernas H, Skrtic S, Johannsson G. Replacement therapy of oral hydrocortisone in adrenal insufficiency: the influence of gastrointestinal factors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 4:749-758. (Pubitemid 352003197)
    • (2008) Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism and Toxicology , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 749-758
    • Lennernas, H.1    Skrtic, S.2    Johannsson, G.3
  • 36
    • 77951840590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of delayed-and extended-release hydrocortisone (Chronocort) versus conventional hydrocortisone (Cortef) in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • [E-pub ahead of print]
    • Verma S, Vanryzin C, Sinaii N, et al. A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of delayed- and extended-release hydrocortisone (Chronocort) versus conventional hydrocortisone (Cortef) in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009. [E-pub ahead of print]
    • (2009) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
    • Verma, S.1    Vanryzin, C.2    Sinaii, N.3
  • 40
  • 41
    • 70349921326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of DHEA treatment effects on quality of life in women with adrenal insufficiency
    • Alkatib AA, Cosma M, Elamin MB, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of DHEA treatment effects on quality of life in women with adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3676-3681.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 3676-3681
    • Alkatib, A.A.1    Cosma, M.2    Elamin, M.B.3
  • 42
    • 65249120344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone therapy on pubic hair growth and psychological well being in adolescent girls and young women with central adrenal insufficiency: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial
    • Binder G, Weber S, Ehrismann M, et al. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone therapy on pubic hair growth and psychological well being in adolescent girls and young women with central adrenal insufficiency: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1182-1190.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1182-1190
    • Binder, G.1    Weber, S.2    Ehrismann, M.3
  • 45
    • 66749190596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on vascular function in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency: A randomized crossover trial
    • Rice SP, Agarwal N, Bolusani H, et al. Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone replacement on vascular function in primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency: a randomized crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:1966-1972.
    • (2009) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.94 , pp. 1966-1972
    • Rice, S.P.1    Agarwal, N.2    Bolusani, H.3
  • 47
    • 0032480227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lovastatin for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
    • Singh I, Khan M, Key L, Pai S. Lovastatin for X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. N Engl J Med 1998; 339:702-703.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 702-703
    • Singh, I.1    Khan, M.2    Key, L.3    Pai, S.4
  • 48
    • 0343569930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simvastatin and plasma very-long-chain fatty acids in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy [3]
    • DOI 10.1002/1531-8249(200004)47:4<552::AID-ANA28>3.0.CO;2-0
    • Verrips A, Willemsen MA, Rubio-Gozalbo E, et al. Simvastatin and plasma very-long-chain fatty acids in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Ann Neurol 2000; 47:552-553. (Pubitemid 30194620)
    • (2000) Annals of Neurology , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 552
    • Verrips, A.1    Willemsen, M.A.A.P.2    Rubio-Gozalbo, E.3    De Jong, J.4    Smeitink, J.A.M.5
  • 49
    • 74849118207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lovastatin in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
    • Engelen M, Ofman R, Dijkgraaf MG, et al. Lovastatin in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy. N Engl J Med 2010; 362:276-277.
    • (2010) N Engl J Med , vol.362 , pp. 276-277
    • Engelen, M.1    Ofman, R.2    Dijkgraaf, M.G.3
  • 50
    • 77951808721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A case of human intramuscular adrenal gland transplantation as a cure for chronic adrenal insufficiency
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Grodstein E, Hardy MA, Goldstein MJ. A case of human intramuscular adrenal gland transplantation as a cure for chronic adrenal insufficiency. Am J Transplant 2009. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2009) Am J Transplant
    • Grodstein, E.1    Hardy, M.A.2    Goldstein, M.J.3
  • 51
    • 0000950760 scopus 로고
    • Comparative studies on adrenal cortical function and cortisol metabolism in healthy adults and in patients with shock due to infection
    • Melby JC, Spink WW. Comparative studies on adrenal cortical function and cortisol metabolism in healthy adults and in patients with shock due to infection. J Clin Invest 1958; 37:1791-1798.
    • (1958) J Clin Invest , vol.37 , pp. 1791-1798
    • Melby, J.C.1    Spink, W.W.2
  • 53
    • 0017064383 scopus 로고
    • Steroids in the treatment of clinical septic shock
    • Schumer W. Steroids in the treatment of clinical septic shock. Ann Surg 1976; 184:333-341.
    • (1976) Ann Surg , vol.184 , pp. 333-341
    • Schumer, W.1
  • 54
    • 0021184906 scopus 로고
    • The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A prospective, controlled study
    • Sprung CL, Caralis PV, Marcial EH, et al. The effects of high-dose corticosteroids in patients with septic shock. A prospective, controlled study. N Engl J Med 1984; 311:1137-1143.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.311 , pp. 1137-1143
    • Sprung, C.L.1    Caralis, P.V.2    Marcial, E.H.3
  • 55
    • 0037151571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock
    • Annane D, Sebille V, Charpentier C, et al. Effect of treatment with low doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone on mortality in patients with septic shock. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288:862-871.
    • (2002) J Am Med Assoc , vol.288 , pp. 862-871
    • Annane, D.1    Sebille, V.2    Charpentier, C.3
  • 57
    • 3042762336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurements of serum free cortisol in critically Ill patients
    • DOI 10.1056/NEJMoa020266
    • Hamrahian AH, Oseni TS, Arafah BM. Measurements of serum free cortisol in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:1629-1638. (Pubitemid 38501164)
    • (2004) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.350 , Issue.16 , pp. 1629-1638
    • Hamrahian, A.H.1    Oseni, T.S.2    Arafah, B.M.3
  • 58
    • 38049110809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock
    • Sprung CL, Annane D, Keh D, et al. Hydrocortisone therapy for patients with septic shock. N Engl J Med 2008; 358:111-124.
    • (2008) N Engl J Med , vol.358 , pp. 111-124
    • Sprung, C.L.1    Annane, D.2    Keh, D.3
  • 60
    • 45149105776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: Consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine
    • Marik PE, Pastores SM, Annane D, et al. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of corticosteroid insufficiency in critically ill adult patients: consensus statements from an international task force by the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1937-1949.
    • (2008) Crit Care Med , vol.36 , pp. 1937-1949
    • Marik, P.E.1    Pastores, S.M.2    Annane, D.3
  • 61
    • 44649148995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Free cortisol in sepsis and septic shock
    • Bendel S, Karlsson S, Pettila V, et al. Free cortisol in sepsis and septic shock. Anesth Analg 2008; 106:1813-1819.
    • (2008) Anesth Analg , vol.106 , pp. 1813-1819
    • Bendel, S.1    Karlsson, S.2    Pettila, V.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.