Consscale: A pragmatic scale for measuring the level of consciousness in artificial agents

Journal of Consciousness Studies

Volumn 17, Issue 3-4, 2010, Pages 131-164

  Arrabales, Raúl ^a   Ledezma, Agapito ^b   Sanchis, Araceli ^b  

^a UNIVERSIDAD CARLOS III DE MADRID   (Spain)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 77951031860     PISSN: 13558250     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Aleksander, I. and Morton, H. (2007), 'Why axiomatic models of being conscious?', Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14(7), pp. 15-27.
2. Aleksander, I. and Dunmall, B. (2003), 'Axioms and tests for the presence of minimal consciousness in agents', Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10(4-5), pp. 7-18.
3. Arp, R. (2006), 'The environments of our hominin ancestors, tool-usage, and scenario visualization', Biology and Philosophy, 21(1), pp. 95-117.
4. Arrabales, R., Ledezma, A. and Sanchis, A. (2008a), 'Criteria for consciousness in artificial intelligent agents', Proceedings of the ALAMAS+ALAg Workshop at AAMAS 2008, Estoril, Portugal, May 2008, pp. 49-57.
5. Arrabales, R., Ledezma, A. and Sanchis, A. (2008b), 'ConsScale: A plausible test for machine consciouness?', in Proceedings of the Nokia Workshop on Machine Consciousness, 13th Finnish Artificial Intelligence Conference (STeP 2008), pp. 49-57.
6. Ciompi, L. (2003), 'Reflections on the role of emotions in consciousness and subjectivity, from the perspective of affect-logic', Consciousness and Emotion, 4(2), pp. 181-96.
7. Chrisley, R. (2009), 'Synthetic phenomenology', International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 1(1), pp. 53-70.
8. Crick, F. (1994), The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons).
9. Crick, F. and Koch, C. (1990), 'Towards a neurobiological theory of consciousness', Seminars in the Neurosciences, 2, pp. 263-75.
10. Damasio, A.R. (1995), Descartes'Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain (New York: Harper Perennial).
11. Damasio, A.R. (1999), The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (London: Heinemann).
12. Dennett, D.C. (1991), Consciousness Explained (Boston, MA: Little, Brown and Co.).
13. Dennett, D.C. (1997), Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness (New York: Basic Books).
14. Dobbyn, C. and Stuart, S. (2003), 'The self as an embedded agent', Minds and Machines, 13(2), pp. 187-201.
15. Edelman, D.B., Baars, B.J. and Seth, A.K. (2005), 'Identifying hallmarks of consciousness in non-mammalian species', Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), pp. 169-87.
16. Edelman, G. M. and Tononi, G. (2000), A Universe of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination (Ne York: Basic Books).
17. Fenigstein, A., Scheier, M.F., and Buss, A.H. (1975), 'Private and public selfconsciousness: Assessment and theory', Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43(4), pp. 522-27.
18. Franklin, S., Ramamurthy, U., DMello, S. K., McCauley, L., Negatu, A., Silva, R. and Datla, V. (2007), 'LIDA: A computational model of global workspace theory and developmental learning', AAAI Fall Symposium on AI and Consciousness: Theoretical Foundations and Current Approaches, pp. 61-66.
19. Franklin, S. (2005), 'A consciousness based architecture for a functioning mind', in Visions of Mind, ed. D. Davis & P.A. Hershey, (IDEA Group, Inc.).
20. Franklin, S., Kelemen, A. and McCauley, L. (1998), 'IDA: A cognitive agent architecture', in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, 3, pp. 2646-51.
21. Friedlander, D. and Franklin, S. (2008), 'LIDA and a theory of mind', in P. Wang, B. Goertzel and S. Franklin (eds) Artificial General Intelligence 2008. Proceedings of the First AGI Conference (IOS Press).
22. Gamez, D. (2005), 'An ordinal probability scale for synthetic phenomenology', in R. Chrisley, R. Clowes, and S. Torrance, (eds) Proceedings of the AISB05 symposium on next generation approaches to machine consciousness, pp. 85-94.
23. Gallup, G.G. (1977), 'Self-recognition in primates: A comparative approach to the bidirectional properties of consciousness', American Psychologist, 32, pp. 329-37.
24. Gavrilets, S. and Vose, A. (2006), 'The dynamics of Machiavellian intelligence', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(45), pp. 16823-28.
25. Gill, M., Martens, K., Lynch, E., Salih, A. and Green, S.M. (2007), 'Interrater reliability of 3 simplified neurologic scales applied to adults presenting to the emergency department with altered levels of consciousness', Annals of Emergency Medicine, 49(4), pp. 403-7.
26. Grossberg, S. (2003), 'The brain's cognitive dynamics: The link between learning, attention, recognition, and consciousness', in Palade, V., Howlett, R.J., and Lakhmi, J.C. (eds.) Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2773, pp. 5-12.
27. Haikonen, P.O.A. (2007a), 'Essential issues of conscious machines', Journal of Consciousness Studies, 14(7), pp. 72-84.
28. Haikonen, P.O.A. (2007b), Robot Brains. Circuits and Systems for Conscious Machines (Chichester: John Wiley & Sons).
29. Haikonen, P.O.A. (2007c), 'Reflections of consciousness: The mirror test', in Proceedings of the 2007 AAAI Fall Symposium on Consciousness, pp. 67-71.
30. Hameroff, S.R. and Penrose, R. (1996), 'Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence in brain microtubules: Amodel for consciousness', Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 40(3-4), pp. 453-80.
31. Harnad, S. (1994), 'Levels of functional equivalence in reverse bioengineering: The Darwinian Turing Test for artificial life', Artificial Life, 1(3), pp. 293-301.
32. James, W. (1884), 'What is an emotion?', Mind, 9, pp. 188-205.
33. Koch, C. (2004), The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach (Englewood, CO: Roberts & Company Publishers).
34. Labar, K.S. and Cabeza, R. (2006), 'Cognitive neuroscience of emotional memory', Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 7(1), pp. 54-64.
35. Lewis, M. (2003), The emergence of consciousness and its role in human development, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1001(1), pp. 104-33.
36. Manson, N. (2000), 'State consciousness and creature consciousness: A real distinction', Philosophical Psychology, 13, pp. 405-10.
37. Maravita, A. and Iriki, A. (2004), 'Tools for the body (schema)', Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 8(2), pp. 79-86.
38. Metzinger, T. (2003), Being No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).
39. O'Regan, J.K. and Noë, A. (2001), 'A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness', Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 24(5), pp. 939-1031.
40. Perner, J. and Lang, B. (1999), 'Development of theory of mind and executive control', Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 3(9), pp. 337-44.
41. Rao, A.S., and Georgeff, M.P. (1991), 'Modeling rational agents within a BDI architecture', Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, 1991, pp. 473-84.
42. Rao, A.S., Georgeff, M.P. and Sonenberg, E.A. (1992), 'Social plans: A preliminary report', Proceedings of the Third European Workshop on Modelling Autonomous Agents in a Multi-Agent World, 1992, pp. 57-76.
43. Rosenthal, D.M. (2000), 'Metacognition and Higher-Order Thoughts', Consciousness and Cognition, 9(2), pp. 231-42.
44. Sanz, R., López, I. and Hernández, C. (2007), 'Self-awareness in real-time cognitive control architectures', AI and Consciousness: Theoretical Foundations and Current Approaches. AAAI Fall Symposium 2007, pp. 135-40.
45. Sasaki, S., Hongo, T., Naitoh, K. and Hirai, N. (2008), 'The process of learning a tool-use movement in monkeys, with special reference to vision', Neuroscience Research, 60(4), pp. 452-56.
46. Sergent, J. and Signoret, J.L. (1992), 'Implicit access to knowledge derived from unrecognized faces in prosopagnosia', Cerebral Cortex, 2(5), pp. 389-400.
47. Seth, A.K. (2005), 'Causal connectivity of evolved neural networks during behavior', Network: Computation in Neural Systems, 16(1), pp. 35-54.
48. Seth, A.K., Izhikevich, E., Reeke, G.N. and Edelman, G.M. (2006), 'Theories and measures of consciousness: An extended framework', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103(28), pp. 10799-804.
49. Seth, A., Baars, B. and Edelman, D. (2005), 'Criteria for consciousness in humans and other mammals', Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), pp. 119-39.
50. Sloman, A. and Chrisley, R. (2003), 'Virtual machines and consciousness', Journal of Consciousness Studies, 10(4-5), pp. 133-72.
51. Stout, D. and Chaminade, T. (2007), 'The evolutionary neuroscience of tool making', Neuropsychologia, 45(5), pp. 1091-1100.
52. Takeno, J., Inaba, K. and Suzuki, T. (2005), 'Experiments and examination of mirror image cognition using a small robot', Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Robotics and Automation, pp. 493-98.
53. Tononi, G. (2004), 'An information integration theory of consciousness', BMC Neuroscience, 5(1), p. 42.
54. Tononi, G. and Edelman, G.M. (1998), 'Consciousness and complexity', Science, 282(5395), pp. 1846-51.
55. Turing, A. (1950), 'Computing machinery and intelligence', Mind, 59, pp. 433-60.
56. Van de Voorde, P., Sabbe, M., Rizopoulos, D., Tsonaka, R., De Jaeger, A., Lesaffre, E. and Peters, M. (2008), 'Assessing the level of consciousness in children: A plea for the Glasgow Coma Motor subscore', Resucitation, 76(2), pp. 175-79.
57. Vygotsky, L.S. (1980), Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
58. Wooldridge, M. (1999), Multiagent Systems: A Modern Approach to Distributed Artificial Intelligence (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press).