Molecular profiling of the developing mouse axial skeleton: A role for Tgfbr2 in the development of the intervertebral disc

BMC Developmental Biology

Volumn 10, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Sohn, Philip ^a   Cox, Megan ^a   Chen, Dongquan ^b,c   Serra, Rosa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^c WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MUS;

PROTEIN SERINE THREONINE KINASE; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA RECEPTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA TYPE II RECEPTOR; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA TYPE II RECEPTOR;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CARTILAGE CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DNA MICROARRAY; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; METABOLISM; MICRODISSECTION; MOUSE; PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT;

ANIMALS; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHONDROCYTES; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; MICE; MICRODISSECTION; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE ARRAY SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; RECEPTORS, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA; TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA;

EID: 77950424020     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1471213X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1471-213X-10-29     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. The development of the avian vertebral column. B Christ R Huang J Wilting, Anat Embryol (Berl) 2000 202 179 94 10.1007/s004290000114 10994991 (Pubitemid 30664385)
2. Formation and differentiation of the avian sclerotome. B Christ R Huang M Scaal, Anat Embryol (Berl) 2004 208 333 50 15309628 (Pubitemid 39179577)
3. Molecular and cellular biology of avian somite development. FE Stockdale W Nikovits Jr B Christ, Dev Dyn 2000 219 304 21 10.1002/1097-0177(2000)9999: 9999<::AID-DVDY10573.0.CO;2-5 11066088
4. Pax1 and Pax9 synergistically regulate vertebral column development. H Peters B Wilm N Sakai K Imai R Maas R Balling, Development 1999 126 5399 408 10556064 (Pubitemid 30015932)
5. New experimental evidence for somite resegmentation. R Huang Q Zhi B Brand-Saberi B Christ, Anat Embryol (Berl) 2000 202 195 200 10.1007/ s004290000110 10994992 (Pubitemid 30664386)
6. Arthrotome: a specific joint forming compartment in the avian somite. VR Mittapalli R Huang K Patel B Christ M Scaal, Dev Dyn 2005 234 48 53 10.1002/dvdy.20502 16028274 (Pubitemid 41192749)
7. Histochemistry of the developing notochord, perichordal sheath and vertebrae in Danforth's short-tail (sd) and normal C57BL/6 mice. LG Paavola DB Wilson EM Center, J Embryol Exp Morphol 1980 55 227 45 7373196
8. Vertebral malformations. K Theiler, Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 1988 112 1 99 3055848
9. The development of fibrocartilage in the rat intervertebral disc. A Rufai M Benjamin JR Ralphs, Anat Embryol (Berl) 1995 192 53 62 7486001
10. The histopathology of ankylosing spondylitis: are there unifying hypotheses? AR Poole, Am J Med Sci 1998 316 228 33 10.1097/00000441-199810000- 00002 9766483
11. In situ hybridization analysis of TGF-β3 RNA expression during mouse development: comparative studies with TGF-β1 and -2. RW Pelton ME Dickinson HL Moses BLM Hogan, Development 1990 110 600 620
12. Embryonic gene expression patterns of TGF beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 suggest different developmental functions in vivo. FA Millan F Denhez P Kondaiah R Akhurst, Development 1991 111 131 143 1707784
13. The Transforming Growth Factor-s. AB Roberts MB Sporn, Peptide Growth Factors and their Receptors Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, Sporn MB, Roberts AB, 1990 419 472
14. Bone morphogenetic proteins: multifunctional regulators of vertebrate development. BLM Hogan, Genes and Development 1996 10 1580 1594 10.1101/gad.10.13.1580 8682290 (Pubitemid 26268864)
15. TGFbeta signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders. J Massague SW Blain RS Lo, Cell 2000 103 295 309 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00121-5 11057902
16. Mechanism of activation of the TGF-β receptor. JL Wrana L Attisano R Wieser F Ventura J Massagué Nature 1994 370 341 347 10.1038/370341a0 8047140
17. Differential expression of TGF beta 1, beta 2 and beta 3 genes during mouse embryogenesis. P Schmid D Cox G Bilbe R Maier GK McMaster, Development 1991 111 117 30 2015789 (Pubitemid 21900210)
18. Transforming growth factor beta and mouse development. CL Mummery, Microsc Res Tech 2001 52 374 86 10.1002/1097-0029(20010215)52:4<374::AID- JEMT10223.0.CO;2-8 11170296
19. The murine type II TGF-β receptor has a coincident embryonic expression and binding preference for TGF-β1. S Lawler AF Candia R Ebner L Shum AR Lopez HL Moses CVE Wright R Derynck, Development 1994 120 165 175 8119124 (Pubitemid 24031198)
20. Localization of transforming growth factor- type I and type II receptors in mouse development. S Iseki N Osumi-Yamashita K Miyazono P Franzén H Ichijo H Ohtani Y Hayashi K Eto, Experimental Cell Research 1995 219 339 347 10.1006/excr.1995.1237 7641785
21. Concurrent and distinct transcription and translation of transforming growth factor-beta type I and type II receptors in rodent embryogenesis. JM Mariano LM Montuenga MA Prentice F Cuttitta SB Jakowlew, Int J Dev Biol 1998 42 1125 36 9879710 (Pubitemid 28561894)
22. Age-related changes in expression of transforming growth factor-beta and receptors in cells of intervertebral discs. S Matsunaga S Nagano T Onishi N Morimoto S Suzuki S Komiya, J Neurosurg 2003 98 63 7 12546390 (Pubitemid 36050485)
23. What do BMPs do in mammals? Clues from the mouse short ear mutation. DM Kingsley, Trends in Genetics 1994 10 16 21 10.1016/0168-9525(94)90014-0 8146910
24. TGF-βbeta signaling in human skeletal and patterning disorders. R Serra C Chang, Birth Defects Research (Part C) 2003 69 333 351 10.1002/bdrc.10023 (Pubitemid 38076457)
25. Tgfbr2 regulates the maintenance of boundaries in the axial skeleton. MO Baffi MA Moran R Serra, Dev Biol 2006 296 363 74 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.06.002 16824508 (Pubitemid 44189344)
26. Conditional deletion of the TGF-βbeta type II receptor in Col2a expressing cells results in defects in the axial skeleton without alterations in chondrocyte differentiation or embryonic development of long bones. MO Baffi E Slattery P Sohn HL Moses A Chytil R Serra, Dev Biol 2004 276 124 42 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.08.027 15531369 (Pubitemid 39452851)
27. Alternatively spliced type II procollagen mRNAs define distinct populations of cells during vertebral development: differential expression of the amino-propeptide. LJ Sandell N Morris JR Robbins MB Goldring, J Cell Biol 1991 114 1307 19 10.1083/jcb.114.6.1307 1894696 (Pubitemid 21909888)
28. The effect of transforming growth factor beta1 gene polymorphisms in ankylosing spondylitis. E Jaakkola AM Crane K Laiho I Herzberg AM Sims L Bradbury A Calin S Brophy M Kauppi K Kaarela, et al. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2004 43 32 8 10.1093/rheumatology/keg457 12890863 (Pubitemid 38088365)
29. Association of transforming growth factor beta1 genotype with spinal osteophytosis in Japanese women. Y Yamada H Okuizumi A Miyauchi Y Takagi K Ikeda A Harada, Arthritis Rheum 2000 43 452 60 10.1002/1529-0131(200002)43:2<452:: AID-ANR283.0.CO;2-C 10693888 (Pubitemid 30395757)
30. A functional SNP in CILP, encoding cartilage intermediate layer protein, is associated with susceptibility to lumbar disc disease. S Seki Y Kawaguchi K Chiba Y Mikami H Kizawa T Oya F Mio M Mori Y Miyamoto I Masuda, et al. Nat Genet 2005 37 607 12 10.1038/ng1557 15864306 (Pubitemid 40770415)
31. GenePaint.org: an atlas of gene expression patterns in the mouse embryo. A Visel C Thaller G Eichele, Nucleic Acids Res 2004 32 552 6 10.1093/nar/gkh029 14681479
32. Association of the asporin D14 allele with lumbar-disc degeneration in Asians. YQ Song KM Cheung DW Ho SC Poon K Chiba Y Kawaguchi Y Hirose M Alini S Grad AF Yee, et al. Am J Hum Genet 2008 82 744 7 10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.12.017 18304494
33. Genotypic and phenotypic spectrum in tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome types I and III. HJ Ludecke J Schaper P Meinecke P Momeni S Gross D von Holtum H Hirche MJ Abramowicz B Albrecht C Apacik, et al. Am J Hum Genet 2001 68 81 91 10.1086/316926 11112658 (Pubitemid 32048363)
34. Stimulation of embryonic mouse limb bud mesenchymal cell growth by peptide growth factors. PB Kaplowitz AJ DErcole LE Underwood, Journal of Cellular Physiology 1982 112 353 359 10.1002/jcp.1041120307 6215415
35. Deletion of Tgfbr2 in Prx1-cre expressing mesenchyme results in defects in development of the long bones and joints. HS Seo R Serra, Dev Biol 2007 310 304 16 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.07.040 17822689 (Pubitemid 47483680)
36. The formation of somite compartments in the avian embryo. B Brand-Saberi J Wilting C Ebensperger B Christ, Int J Dev Biol 1996 40 411 20 8735956 (Pubitemid 26151288)
37. Localization of Brachyury (T) in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues during mouse gastrulation. KE Inman KM Downs, Gene Expr Patterns 2006 6 783 93 10.1016/j.modgep.2006.01.010 16545989
38. Bmpr1a and Bmpr1b have overlapping functions and are essential for chondrogenesis in vivo. BS Yoon DA Ovchinnikov I Yoshii Y Mishina RR Behringer KM Lyons, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005 102 5062 7 10.1073/pnas.0500031102 15781876 (Pubitemid 40503739)
39. Bone morphogenetic proteins. JM Wozney, Prog Growth Factor Res 1989 1 267 80 10.1016/0955-2235(89)90015-X 2491264
40. Distinct functions of BMP4 and GDF5 in the regulation of chondrogenesis. Y Hatakeyama RS Tuan L Shum, J Cell Biochem 2004 91 1204 17 10.1002/jcb.20019 15048875
41. Chondrogenic differentiation of murine C3H10T1/2 multipotential mesenchymal cells: I. Stimulation by bone morphogenetic protein-2 in high-density micromass cultures. AE Denker AR Haas SB Nicoll RS Tuan, Differentiation 1999 64 67 76 10.1046/j.1432-0436.1999.6420067.x 10234804 (Pubitemid 29077834)
42. Sox5 and Sox6 are required for notochord extracellular matrix sheath formation, notochord cell survival and development of the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs. P Smits V Lefebvre, Development 2003 130 1135 48 10.1242/dev.00331 12571105 (Pubitemid 36395695)
43. A new long form of c-Maf cooperates with Sox9 to activate the type II collagen gene. W Huang N Lu H Eberspaecher B De Crombrugghe, J Biol Chem 2002 277 50668 75 10.1074/jbc.M206544200 12381733 (Pubitemid 36042228)
44. Recruitment and maintenance of tendon progenitors by TGFbeta signaling are essential for tendon formation. BA Pryce SS Watson ND Murchison JA Staverosky N Dunker R Schweitzer, Development 2009 136 1351 61 10.1242/dev.027342 19304887
45. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of synovial joint and articular cartilage formation. M Pacifici E Koyama Y Shibukawa C Wu Y Tamamura M Enomoto-Iwamoto M Iwamoto, Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006 1068 74 86 10.1196/annals.1346. 010 16831907 (Pubitemid 43824138)
46. ADAMTSL2 mutations in geleophysic dysplasia demonstrate a role for ADAMTS-like proteins in TGF-βbeta bioavailability regulation. C Le Goff F Morice-Picard N Dagoneau LW Wang C Perrot YJ Crow F Bauer E Flori C Prost-Squarcioni D Krakow, et al. Nat Genet 2008 40 1119 23 10.1038/ng.199 18677313
47. An aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in asporin inhibits chondrogenesis and increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis. H Kizawa I Kou A Iida A Sudo Y Miyamoto A Fukuda A Mabuchi A Kotani A Kawakami S Yamamoto, et al. Nat Genet 2005 37 138 44 10.1038/ng1496 15640800
48. Uncoupling of chondrocyte differentiation and perichondrial mineralization underlies the skeletal dysplasia in tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome. D Napierala K Sam R Morello Q Zheng E Munivez RA Shivdasani B Lee, Hum Mol Genet 2008 17 2244 54 10.1093/hmg/ddn125 18424451 (Pubitemid 351911990)
49. Expression of a truncated, kinase-defective TGF-β type II receptor in mouse skeletal tissue promotes terminal chondrocyte differentiation and osteoarthritis. R Serra M Johnson EH Filvaroff J LaBorde DM Sheehan R Derynck HL Moses, Journal of Cell Biology 1997 139 541 552 10.1083/jcb.139.2.541 9334355 (Pubitemid 27459324)
50. 5-azacytidine alters TGF-βbeta and BMP signaling and induces maturation in articular chondrocytes. MJ Zuscik JF Baden Q Wu TJ Sheu EM Schwarz H Drissi RJ O'Keefe JE Puzas RN Rosier, J Cell Biochem 2004 92 316 31 10.1002/jcb.20050 15108358
51. TGF-βbeta/Smad3 signals repress chondrocyte hypertrophic differentiation and are required for maintaining articular cartilage. X Yang L Chen X Xu C Li C Huang CX Deng, J Cell Biol 2001 153 35 46 10.1083/jcb.153.1.35 11285272 (Pubitemid 34280192)
52. Bone abnormalities in latent TGF-β[beta] binding protein (Ltbp)-3-null mice indicate a role for Ltbp-3 in modulating TGF-β[beta] bioavailability. B Dabovic Y Chen C Colarossi H Obata L Zambuto MA Perle DB Rifkin, J Cell Biol 2002 156 227 32 10.1083/jcb.200111080 11790802 (Pubitemid 34839904)
53. Regulation of Differentiation by TGF-β HL Moses R Serra, Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 1996 6 581 586 10.1016/S0959-437X(96)80087-6 8939725
54. B lymphocytes and the skeleton. MC Horowitz JA Lorenzo, Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007 1117 82 93 10.1196/annals.1402.045 17872391
55. Induction of intervertebral disc-like cells from adult mesenchymal stem cells. E Steck H Bertram R Abel B Chen A Winter W Richter, Stem Cells 2005 23 403 11 10.1634/stemcells.2004-0107 15749935 (Pubitemid 40404459)
56. Transforming growth factors beta coordinate cartilage and tendon differentiation in the developing limb mesenchyme. CI Lorda-Diez JA Montero C Martinez-Cue JA Garcia-Porrero JM Hurle, J Biol Chem 2009 284 29988 96 10.1074/jbc.M109.014811 19717568
57. Transcription factor ERG and joint and articular cartilage formation during mouse limb and spine skeletogenesis. M Iwamoto Y Tamamura E Koyama T Komori N Takeshita JA Williams T Nakamura M Enomoto-Iwamoto M Pacifici, Dev Biol 2007 305 40 51 10.1016/j.ydbio.2007.01.037 17336282 (Pubitemid 46589406)
58. The Ets family member Erg gene is expressed in mesodermal tissues and neural crests at fundamental steps during mouse embryogenesis. V Vlaeminck-Guillem S Carrere F Dewitte D Stehelin X Desbiens M Duterque-Coquillaud, Mech Dev 2000 91 331 5 10.1016/S0925-4773(99)00272-5 10704859 (Pubitemid 30125933)
59. Conditional inactivation of the TGF-βbeta type II receptor using Cre:Lox. A Chytil MA Magnuson CV Wright HL Moses, Genesis 2002 32 73 5 10.1002/gene.10046 11857781 (Pubitemid 34211700)
60. Col2a1-directed expression of Cre recombinase in differentiating chondrocytes in transgenic mice. DA Ovchinnikov JM Deng G Ogunrinu RR Behringer, Genesis 2000 26 145 6 10.1002/(SICI)1526-968X(200002)26:2<145::AID-GENE143. 0.CO;2-C 10686612 (Pubitemid 30158102)
61. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. P Chomerymski N Sacchi, Analyt Biochem 1987 162 156 159 2440339 (Pubitemid 17064313)
62. DSCR1 gene expression is dependent on NFATc1 during cardiac valve formation and colocalizes with anomalous organ development in trisomy 16 mice. AW Lange JD Molkentin KE Yutzey, Dev Biol 2004 266 346 60 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003. 10.036 14738882
63. Family of Ebf/Olf-1-related genes potentially involved in neuronal differentiation and regional specification in the central nervous system. S Garel F Marin MG Mattei C Vesque A Vincent P Charnay, Dev Dyn 1997 210 191 205 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0177(199711)210:3<191::AID-AJA13.0.CO;2-B 9389446 (Pubitemid 27498142)
64. A comprehensive collection of experimentally validated primers for Polymerase Chain Reaction quantitation of murine transcript abundance. A Spandidos X Wang H Wang S Dragnev T Thurber B Seed, BMC Genomics 2008 9 633 10.1186/1471-2164-9-633 19108745
65. A PCR primer bank for quantitative gene expression analysis. X Wang B Seed, Nucleic Acids Res 2003 31 154 10.1093/nar/gng154 14654707
66. ADAMTS-like 2 (ADAMTSL2) is a secreted glycoprotein that is widely expressed during mouse embryogenesis and is regulated during skeletal myogenesis. BH Koo C Le Goff KA Jungers A Vasanji J O'Flaherty CM Weyman SS Apte, Matrix Biol 2007 26 431 41 10.1016/j.matbio.2007.03.003 17509843 (Pubitemid 47081392)
67. Collagen polymorphisms of the intervertebral disc. DR Eyre Y Matsui JJ Wu, Biochem Soc Trans 2002 30 844 8 10.1042/BST0300844 12440930 (Pubitemid 36002364)
68. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel gene, EMILIN-5, and its possible involvement in skeletal development. M Doi A Nagano Y Nakamura, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004 313 888 93 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.11.181 14706625 (Pubitemid 38050075)
69. DANCE, a novel secreted RGD protein expressed in developing, atherosclerotic, and balloon-injured arteries. T Nakamura P Ruiz-Lozano V Lindner D Yabe M Taniwaki Y Furukawa K Kobuke K Tashiro Z Lu NL Andon, et al. J Biol Chem 1999 274 22476 83 10.1074/jbc.274.32.22476 10428823 (Pubitemid 129529263)
70. Expression of mouse dchs1, fjx1, and fat-j suggests conservation of the planar cell polarity pathway identified in Drosophila. R Rock S Schrauth M Gessler, Dev Dyn 2005 234 747 55 10.1002/dvdy.20515 16059920 (Pubitemid 41532996)
71. Experimental immunity to the G1 domain of the proteoglycan versican induces spondylitis and sacroiliitis, of a kind seen in human spondylarthropathies. S Shi C Ciurli A Cartman I Pidoux AR Poole Y Zhang, Arthritis Rheum 2003 48 2903 15 10.1002/art.11270 14558097 (Pubitemid 37280620)
72. Expression pattern and gene characterization of asporin. a newly discovered member of the leucine-rich repeat protein family. SP Henry M Takanosu TC Boyd PM Mayne H Eberspaecher W Zhou B de Crombrugghe M Hook R Mayne, J Biol Chem 2001 276 12212 21 10.1074/jbc.M011290200 11152695 (Pubitemid 37385389)
73. Comprehensive expression atlas of fibroblast growth factors and their receptors generated by a novel robotic in situ hybridization platform. MB Yaylaoglu A Titmus A Visel G Alvarez-Bolado C Thaller G Eichele, Dev Dyn 2005 234 371 86 10.1002/dvdy.20441 16123981 (Pubitemid 41369147)
74. Multiple joint and skeletal patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in the mouse Gdf6 and Gdf5 genes. SH Settle Jr RB Rountree A Sinha A Thacker K Higgins DM Kingsley, Dev Biol 2003 254 116 30 10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00022-2 12606286 (Pubitemid 36259876)
75. Expression of activin subunits, activin receptors and follistatin in postimplantation mouse embryos suggests specific developmental functions for different activins. A Feijen MJ Goumans AJ van den Eijnden-van Raaij, Development 1994 120 3621 37 7821227 (Pubitemid 24367005)
76. The mouse Laf4 gene: exon/intron organization, cDNA sequence, alternative splicing, and expression during central nervous system development. O Britanova S Lukyanov P Gruss V Tarabykin, Genomics 2002 80 31 7 10.1006/geno.2002.6796 12079280 (Pubitemid 34701403)
77. Forkhead transcription factor FoxF2 is expressed in mesodermal tissues involved in epithelio-mesenchymal interactions. M Aitola P Carlsson M Mahlapuu S Enerback M Pelto-Huikko, Dev Dyn 2000 218 136 49 10.1002/(SICI)1097- 0177(200005)218:1<136::AID-DVDY123.0.CO;2-U 10822266 (Pubitemid 30249757)
78. Expression of Trps1 during mouse embryonic development. M Kunath HJ Ludecke A Vortkamp, Gene Expr Patterns 2002 2 119 22 10.1016/S0925-4773(02) 00300-3 12617849 (Pubitemid 36356025)
79. Spondyloarthropathy in progressive ankylosis mice: ultrastructural features of the intervertebral disk. HW Sampson RW Davis DC Dufner, Acta Anat (Basel) 1991 141 36 41 10.1159/000147096 1659102
80. Expression profile of Papss2 (3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2) during cartilage formation and skeletal development in the mouse embryo. C Stelzer A Brimmer P Hermanns B Zabel UH Dietz, Dev Dyn 2007 236 1313 8 10.1002/dvdy.21137 17436279 (Pubitemid 46750263)
81. Expression and regulation of HTRA1 during chick and early mouse development. A Ferrer-Vaquer P Maurey J Werzowa N Firnberg A Leibbrandt A Neubuser, Dev Dyn 2008 237 1893 900 10.1002/dvdy.21597 18570253 (Pubitemid 351962465)
82. Overexpression of Stra13, a novel retinoic acid-inducible gene of the basic helix-loop-helix family, inhibits mesodermal and promotes neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. M Boudjelal R Taneja S Matsubara P Bouillet P Dolle P Chambon, Genes Dev 1997 11 2052 65 10.1101/gad.11.16.2052 9284045 (Pubitemid 27369100)
83. Rat maf related genes: specific expression in chondrocytes, lens and spinal cord. M Sakai J Imaki K Yoshida A Ogata Y Matsushima-Hibaya Y Kuboki M Nishizawa S Nishi, Oncogene 1997 14 745 50 10.1038/sj.onc.1200869 9038383 (Pubitemid 27095867)
84. Identification and developmental expression analysis of a novel homeobox gene closely linked to the mouse Twirler mutation. H Liu W Liu KM Maltby Y Lan R Jiang, Gene Expr Patterns 2006 6 632 6 10.1016/j.modgep.2005.11.012 16426902 (Pubitemid 43758640)
85. Analysis of the tendon cell fate using Scleraxis, a specific marker for tendons and ligaments. R Schweitzer JH Chyung LC Murtaugh AE Brent V Rosen EN Olson A Lassar CJ Tabin, Development 2001 128 3855 66 11585810 (Pubitemid 32998933)
86. The murine Bapx1 homeobox gene plays a critical role in embryonic development of the axial skeleton and spleen. C Tribioli T Lufkin, Development 1999 126 5699 711 10572046 (Pubitemid 30035018)
87. The expression of the homeobox gene Msx1 reveals two populations of dermal progenitor cells originating from the somites. D Houzelstein Y Cheraud G Auda-Boucher J Fontaine-Perus B Robert, Development 2000 127 2155 64 10769239 (Pubitemid 30386679)
88. The transcription factors L-Sox5 and Sox6 are essential for cartilage formation. P Smits P Li J Mandel Z Zhang JM Deng RR Behringer B de Crombrugghe V Lefebvre, Dev Cell 2001 1 277 90 10.1016/S1534-5807(01)00003-X 11702786 (Pubitemid 33653062)