Pediatric advanced imaging and informatics: State of the art

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI

Volumn 31, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 171-193

  Hellinger, Jeffrey C ^a   Medina, L Santiago ^b   Epelman, Monica ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b MIAMI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; AUTOPSY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER PROGRAM; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; ECHOGRAPHY; FETUS DISEASE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; IMAGING SYSTEM; INTERNET; LUNG DISEASE; MEDICAL INFORMATICS; MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NUCLEAR MEDICINE; PEDIATRICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIOLOGY; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION; HUMANS; IMAGE ENHANCEMENT; IMAGE INTERPRETATION, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; MEDICAL INFORMATICS; PEDIATRICS; USER-COMPUTER INTERFACE;

EID: 77949751419     PISSN: 08872171     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2010.01.003     Document Type: Article

References (149)

1. Griscom N.T. History of pediatric radiology in the United States and Canada: Images and trends. Radiographics 1995, 15:1399-1422.
2. Fenster A., Downey D.B., Cardinal H.N. Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Phys Med Biol 2001, 46:R67-R99.
3. Riccabona M. Pediatric three-dimensional ultrasound: Basics and potential clinical value. Clin Imaging 2005, 29:1-5.
4. Nelson T.R., Pretorius D.H., Hull A., et al. Sources and impact of artifacts on clinical three-dimensional ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2000, 16:374-383.
5. Kalender W.A., Seissler W., Klotz E., et al. Spiral volumetric CT with single-breath-hold technique, continuous transport, and continuous scanner rotation. Radiology 1990, 176:181-183.
6. Feldkamp L., Davis L., Kress J.W. Practical cone-beam algorithm. J Opt Soc Am 1984, A1:612-619.
7. Koff D.A., Shulman H. An overview of digital compression of medical images: Can we use lossy image compression in radiology?. Can Assoc Radiol J 2006, 57:211-217.
8. Vaisbuch E., Romero R., Kusanovic J.P., et al. Three-dimensional sonography of placental mesenchymal dysplasia and its differential diagnosis. J Ultrasound Med 2009, 28:359-368.
9. Goncalves L.F., Lee W., Espinoza J., et al. Three- and 4-dimensional ultrasound in obstetric practice: Does it help?. J Ultrasound Med 2005, 24:1599-1624.
10. Ruano R., Benachi A., Joubin L., et al. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic assessment of fetal lung volume as prognostic factor in isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2004, 111:423-429.
11. Noguchi J., Hata K., Tanaka H., et al. Placental vascular sonobiopsy using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound in normal and growth restricted fetuses. Placenta 2009, 30:391-397.
12. Turan S., Turan O.M., Maisel P., et al. Three-dimensional sonography in the prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch abnormalities. J Clin Ultrasound 2009, 37:253-257.
13. Hartung J., Heling K.S., Rake A., et al. Detection of an aneurysm of the vein of Galen following signs of cardiac overload in a 22-week old fetus. Prenat Diagn 2003, 23:901-903.
14. Bartha J.L., Moya E.M., Hervías-Vivancos B., et al. Three-dimensional power Doppler analysis of cerebral circulation in normal and growth-restricted fetuses. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009, 29:1609-1618.
15. Degani S., Leibovitz Z., Shapiro I., et al. Variations of the origin of renal arteries in the fetus identified on power Doppler and 3D sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 2009, 38:59-65.
16. Hsu C.Y., Chiba Y., Fukui O., et al. Counterclockwise barber-pole sign on prenatal three-dimensional power Doppler sonography in a case of duodenal obstruction without intestinal malrotation. J Clin Ultrasound 2004, 32:86-90.
17. Gedikbasi A., Oztarhan K., Sahin B., et al. Multidisciplinary approach to congenital multiple arterio-Porto-caval malformation: Case report. Am J Perinatol 2008, 25:265-270.
18. Levine D. Fetal magnetic resonance imaging. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2004, 15:85-94.
19. Inaoka T., Sugimori H., Sasaki Y., et al. VIBE MRI for evaluating the normal and abnormal gastrointestinal tract in fetuses. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007, 189:W303-W308.
20. Hatab M.R., Zaretsky M.V., Alexander J.M., et al. Comparison of fetal biometric values with sonographic and 3D reconstruction MRI in term gestations. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2008, 191:340-345.
21. Salehian O., Chan K.L. Impact of three-dimensional echocardiography in valvular heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 2005, 20:122-126.
22. Vettukattil J.J., Bharucha T., Anderson R.H. Defining Ebstein's malformation using three-dimensional echocardiography. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2007, 6:685-690.
23. Hayashi T., Ichiyama T., Nishikawa M., et al. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the power flow Doppler imaging of intracranial vascular structures in the neonate. J Neuroimaging 1998, 8:94-96.
24. Peng S.S., Lin J.H., Lee W.T., et al. 3-D power Doppler cerebral angiography in neonates and young infants: Comparison with 2-D power Doppler angiography. Ultrasound Med Biol 1999, 25:947-951.
25. Lee E.Y., Siegel M.J., Hildebolt C.F., et al. MDCT evaluation of thoracic aortic anomalies in pediatric patients and young adults: Comparison of axial, multiplanar, and 3D images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 182:777-784.
26. Ferencik M., Ropers D., Abbara S., et al. Diagnostic accuracy of image postprocessing methods for the detection of coronary artery stenoses by using multidetector CT. Radiology 2007, 243:696-702.
27. Engelke C., Schmidt S., Bakai A., et al. Computer-assisted detection of pulmonary embolism: Performance evaluation in consensus with experienced and inexperienced chest radiologists. Eur Radiol 2008, 18:298-307.
28. Zhao F., Zhang H., Wahle A., et al. Congenital aortic disease: 4D magnetic resonance segmentation and quantitative analysis. Med Image Anal 2009, 13:483-493.
29. Sugeng L., Weinert L., Lang R.M. Real-time 3-dimensional color Doppler flow of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation: Feasibility and initial quantitative comparison with 2-dimensional methods. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2007, 20:1050-1057.
30. Chelliah R., Senior R. An update on contrast echocardiography. Minerva Cardioangiol 2009, 57:483-493.
31. Greil G.F., Germann S., Kozerke S., et al. Assessment of left ventricular volumes and mass with fast 3D cine steady-state free precession k-t space broad-use linear acquisition speed-up technique (k-t BLAST). J Magn Reson Imaging 2008, 27:510-515.
32. Mascarenhas N.B., Muthupillai R., Cheong B., et al. Fast 3D cine steady-state free precession imaging with sensitivity encoding for assessment of left ventricular function in a single breath-hold. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006, 187:1235-1239.
33. Sorensen T.S., Beerbaum P., Korperich H., et al. Three-dimensional, isotropic MRI: A unified approach to quantification and visualization in congenital heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2005, 21:283-292.
34. Weigang E., Kari F.A., Beyersdorf F., et al. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging: Flow patterns in ascending aortic aneurysms. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2008, 34:11-16.
35. Pedersen H., Kelle S., Ringgard S., et al. Quantification of myocardial perfusion using free-breathing MRI and prospective slice tracking. Magn Reson Med 2009, 61:734-738.
36. Kauczor H.U., Ley-Zaporozhan J., Ley S. Imaging of pulmonary pathologies: Focus on magnetic resonance imaging. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2009, 6:458-463.
37. Manka C., Traber F., Gieske J., et al. Three-dimensional dynamic susceptibility-weighted perfusion MR imaging at 3.0 T: Feasibility and contrast agent dose. Radiology 2005, 234:869-877.
38. Yun T.J., Cheon J.E., Na D.G., et al. Childhood moyamoya disease: Quantitative evaluation of perfusion MR imaging-correlation with clinical outcome after revascularization surgery. Radiology 2009, 251:216-223.
39. Gunther P., Ley S., Troger J., et al. 3D perfusion mapping and virtual surgical planning in the treatment of pediatric embryonal abdominal tumors. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2008, 18:7-12.
40. Nguyen T.D., Spincemaille P., Weinsaft J.W., et al. A fast navigator-gated 3D sequence for delayed enhancement MRI of the myocardium: Comparison with breathhold 2D imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008, 27:802-808.
41. Amano Y., Matsumura Y., Kumita S. Free-breathing high-spatial-resolution delayed contrast-enhanced three-dimensional viability MR imaging of the myocardium at 3.0 T: A feasibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008, 28:1361-1367.
42. Rist C., Johnson T.R., Becker C.R., et al. New applications for noninvasive cardiac imaging: Dual-source computed tomography. Eur Radiol 2007, 17(suppl 6):F16-F25.
43. Teutelink A., Rutten A., Muhs B.E., et al. Pilot study of dynamic cine CT angiography for the evaluation of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Implications for endograft treatment. J Endovasc Ther 2006, 13:139-144.
44. Schaefer P.W., Barak E.R., Kamalian S., et al. Quantitative assessment of core/penumbra mismatch in acute stroke: CT and MR perfusion imaging are strongly correlated when sufficient brain volume is imaged. Stroke 2008, 39:2986-2992.
45. Siebert E., Bohner G., Dewey M., et al. 320-slice CT neuroimaging: Initial clinical experience and image quality evaluation. Br J Radiol 2009, 82:561-570.
46. Pogliani L., Frasca D., Vincenzo Zuccotti G. Perinatal arterial stroke: Role of three-dimensional ultrasound. Clin Imaging 2008, 32:141-143.
47. Hughes J.A., De Bruyn R., Patel K., et al. Three-dimensional sonographic evaluation of the infant spine: Preliminary findings. J Clin Ultrasound 2003, 31:9-20.
48. Roth J., Biyani N., Beni-Adani L., et al. Real-time neuronavigation with high-quality 3D ultrasound SonoWand in pediatric neurosurgery. Pediatr Neurosurg 2007, 43:185-191.
49. Salerno C.C., Pretorius D.H., et al. Three-dimensional ultrasonographic imaging of the neonatal brain in high-risk neonates: Preliminary study. J Ultrasound Med 2000, 19:549-555.
50. Gilmore J.H., Gerig G., et al. Infant cerebral ventricle volume: A comparison of 3-D ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 2001, 27:1143-1146.
51. Kim H.C., Han M.H., et al. Volume of cervical lymph nodes using 3D ultrasonography. Differentiation of metastatic from reactive lymphadenopathy in primary head and neck malignancy. Acta Radiol 2002, 43:571-574.
52. Kleiser R., Staempfli P., et al. Impact of fMRI-guided advanced DTI fiber tracking techniques on their clinical applications in patients with brain tumors. Neuroradiology 2010, 52:37-46.
53. Luat A.F., Chugani H.T. Molecular and diffusion tensor imaging of epileptic networks. Epilepsia 2008, 49(suppl 3):15-22.
54. Ogren J.A., Bragin A., et al. Three-dimensional hippocampal atrophy maps distinguish two common temporal lobe seizure-onset patterns. Epilepsia 2009, 50:1361-1370.
55. Bhardwaj RD, Mahmoodabadi SZ, et al: Diffusion tensor tractography detection of functional pathway for the spread of epileptiform activity between temporal lobe and Rolandic region. Childs Nerv Syst (in press).
56. Wahl M., Barkovich A.J., et al. Diffusion imaging and tractography of congenital brain malformations. Pediatr Radiol 2010, 40:59-67.
57. Madan N., Grant P.E. New directions in clinical imaging of cortical dysplasias. Epilepsia 2009, 50(suppl 9):9-18.
58. Makki M.I., Chugani D.C., et al. Characteristics of abnormal diffusivity in normal-appearing white matter investigated with diffusion tensor MR imaging in tuberous sclerosis complex. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007, 28:1662-1667.
59. Netherway D.J., Abbott A.H., et al. Three-dimensional computed tomography cephalometry of plagiocephaly: Asymmetry and shape analysis. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2006, 43:201-210.
60. Blaser S.I. Abnormal skull shape. Pediatr Radiol 2008, 38(suppl 3):S488-S496.
61. Kos M., Luczak K., et al. Midfacial fractures in children. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2002, 12:218-225.
62. Bachli H., Leiggener C., et al. Skull base and maxillofacial fractures: Two centre study with correlation of clinical findings with a comprehensive craniofacial classification system. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2009, 37:305-311.
63. Bush C.H., Kalen V. Three-dimensional computed tomography in the assessment of congenital scoliosis. Skeletal Radiol 1999, 28:632-637.
64. Medina L.S., Richardson R.R., et al. Children with suspected craniosynostosis: A cost-effectiveness analysis of diagnostic strategies. Am J Roentgenol 2002, 179:215-221.
65. Jeevan D.S., Anlsow P., et al. Abnormal venous drainage in syndromic craniosynostosis and the role of CT venography. Childs Nerv Syst 2008, 24:1413-1420.
66. Yuh E.L., Gean A.D., et al. Computer-aided assessment of head computed tomography (CT) studies in patients with suspected traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2008, 25:1163-1172.
67. Chan T., Huang H.K. Effect of a computer-aided diagnosis system on clinicians' performance in detection of small acute intracranial hemorrhage on computed tomography. Acad Radiol 2008, 15:290-299.
68. Zhang J., Hasegawa I., Hatabu H., et al. Frequency and severity of air trapping at dynamic expiratory CT in patients with tracheobronchomalacia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 182:81-85.
69. Gattinoni L., Caironi P., Cressoni M., et al. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:1775-1786.
70. Low D.A., Nystrom M., Kalinin E., et al. A method for the reconstruction of four-dimensional synchronized CT scans acquired during free breathing. Med Phys 2003, 30:1254-1263.
71. Yang D., Lu W., Low D.A., et al. 4D-CT motion estimation using deformable image registration and 5D respiratory motion modeling. Med Phys 2008, 35:4577-4590.
72. Goo H.W., Chae E.J., Seo J.B., et al. Xenon ventilation CT using a dual-source dual-energy technique: Dynamic ventilation abnormality in a child with bronchial atresia. Pediatr Radiol 2008, 38:1113-1116.
73. Helm E.J., Silva C.T., Roberts H.C., et al. Computer-aided detection for the identification of pulmonary nodules in pediatric oncology patients: initial experience. Pediatr Radiol 2009, 39:685-693.
74. Kiraly A.P., Odry B.L., Godoy M.C., et al. Computer-aided diagnosis of the airways: Beyond nodule detection. J Thorac Imaging 2008, 23:105-113.
75. Raman P, Raman R, Newman B, et al: Development and validation of automated 2D-3D bronchial airway matching to track changes in regional bronchial morphology using serial low-dose chest CT scans in children with chronic lung disease. J Digit Imaging (in press).
76. Fink C., Puderbach M., Biederer J., et al. Lung MRI at 1.5 and 3 Tesla: Observer preference and lesion contrast using five different pulse sequences. Invest Radiol 2007, 42:377-383.
77. Puderbach M., Eichinger M., Gahr J., et al. Proton MRI appearance of cystic fibrosis: Comparison to CT. Eur Radiol 2007, 17:716-724.
78. Failo R., Wielopolski P.A., Tiddens H.A., et al. Lung morphology assessment using MRI: A robust ultra-short TR/TE 2D steady state free precession sequence used in cystic fibrosis patients. Magn Reson Med 2009, 61:299-306.
79. Oeschsner M., Pracht E.D., Staeb D., et al. Lung imaging under free-breathing conditions. Magn Reson Med 2009, 61:723-727.
80. Faust R.A., Rimell F.L., Remley K.B. Cine magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of focal tracheomalacia: Innominate artery compression syndrome. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2002, 65:27-33.
81. Plathow C., Ley S., et al. Evaluation of chest motion and volumetry during the breathing cycle by dynamic MRI in healthy subjects: Comparison with pulmonary function tests. Invest Radiol 2004, 39:202-209.
82. Kotani T., Minami S., et al. An analysis of chest wall and diaphragm motions in patients with idiopathic scoliosis using dynamic breathing MRI. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2004, 29:298-302.
83. Plathow C., Schoebinger M., et al. Evaluation of lung volumetry using dynamic three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 2005, 40:173-179.
84. Swift A.J., Woodhouse N., et al. Rapid lung volumetry using ultrafast dynamic magnetic resonance imaging during forced vital capacity maneuver: Correlation with spirometry. Invest Radiol 2007, 42:37-41.
85. McMahon C.J., Dodd J.D., et al. Hyperpolarized 3helium magnetic resonance ventilation imaging of the lung in cystic fibrosis: Comparison with high resolution CT and spirometry. Eur Radiol 2006, 16:2483-2490.
86. Hori Y., Kimura A., et al. 3D hyperpolarized (129)Xe MRI of mouse lung at low xenon concentration using a continuous flow-type hyperpolarizing system: Feasibility for quantitative measurement of regional ventilation. Magn Reson Med Sci 2009, 8:73-79.
87. Jakob P.M., Wang T., et al. Assessment of human pulmonary function using oxygen-enhanced T(1) imaging in patients with cystic fibrosis. Magn Reson Med 2004, 51:1009-1016.
88. Lewis T.A., Tzeng Y.S., et al. Quantification of airway diameters and 3D airway tree rendering from dynamic hyperpolarized 3He magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 2005, 53:474-478.
89. Giesel F.L., Mehndiratta A., et al. Rapid prototyping raw models on the basis of high resolution computed tomography lung data for respiratory flow dynamics. Acad Radiol 2009, 16:495-498.
90. Salerno M., de Lange E.E., et al. Emphysema: Hyperpolarized helium 3diffusion MR imaging of the lungs compared with spirometric indexes-initial experience. Radiology 2002, 222:252-260.
91. Eberle B., Weiler N., et al. Analysis of intrapulmonary O(2) concentration by MR imaging of inhaled hyperpolarized helium-3. J Appl Physiol 1999, 87:2043-2052.
92. Gilja O.H., Thune N., et al. In vitro evaluation of three-dimensional ultrasonography in volume estimation of abdominal organs. Ultrasound Med Biol 1994, 20:157-165.
93. Szilvas A., Szekely G., et al. Three-dimensional ultrasonography, virtual coloscopy and endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of complicated inflammatory bowel disease. Endoscopy 2002, 34:94.
94. Delaney L., Applegate K.E., et al. MR cholangiopancreatography in children: Feasibility, safety, and initial experience. Pediatr Radiol 2008, 38:64-75.
95. Sodickson A., Mortele K.J., et al. Three-dimensional fast-recovery fast spin-echo MRCP: Comparison with two-dimensional single-shot fast spin-echo techniques. Radiology 2006, 238:549-559.
96. Zhang J., Israel G.M., et al. Isotropic 3D T2-weighted MR cholangiopancreatography with parallel imaging: feasibility study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006, 187:1564-1570.
97. Choi J.Y., Kim M.J., et al. Magnetic resonance cholangiography: Comparison of two- and three-dimensional sequences for assessment of malignant biliary obstruction. Eur Radiol 2008, 18:78-86.
98. Morita S., Ueno E., et al. Comparison of SPACE and 3D TSE MRCP at 1.5T focusing on difference in echo spacing. Magn Reson Med Sci 2009, 8:101-105.
99. Masselli G., Casciani E., et al. Comparison of MR enteroclysis with MR enterography and conventional enteroclysis in patients with Crohn's disease. Eur Radiol 2008, 18:438-447.
100. Haykir R., Karakose S., et al. Three-dimensional MR and axial CT colonography versus conventional colonoscopy for detection of colon pathologies. World J Gastroenterol 2006, 12:2345-2350.
101. Wyss M., Froehlich J., et al. Gradient-enhanced volume rendering: An image processing strategy to facilitate whole small bowel imaging with MRI. Eur Radiol 2007, 17:1081-1088.
102. Dagia C., Ditchfield M., et al. Imaging for Crohn disease: Use of 3-T MRI in a paediatric setting. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2008, 52:480-488.
103. Kondo S., Isayama H., et al. Detection of common bile duct stones: Comparison between endoscopic ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiography, and helical-computed-tomographic cholangiography. Eur J Radiol 2005, 54:271-275.
104. Persson A., Dahlstrom N., et al. Volume rendering of three-dimensional drip infusion CT cholangiography in patients with suspected obstructive biliary disease: A retrospective study. Br J Radiol 2005, 78:1078-1085.
105. Okada M., Fukada J., et al. The value of drip infusion cholangiography using multidetector-row helical CT in patients with choledocholithiasis. Eur Radiol 2005, 15:2140-2145.
106. Booya F., Fletcher J.G., et al. Active Crohn disease: CT findings and interobserver agreement for enteric phase CT enterography. Radiology 2006, 241:787-795.
107. Liu Y., Liang C., et al. Crohn disease of small bowel: Multidetector row CT with CT enteroclysis, dynamic contrast enhancement, CT angiography, and 3D imaging. Abdom Imaging 2006, 31:668-674.
108. Pilleul F., Penigaud M., et al. Possible small-bowel neoplasms: Contrast-enhanced and water-enhanced multidetector CT enteroclysis. Radiology 2006, 241:796-801.
109. Capunay C.M., Carrascosa P.M., et al. Low radiation dose multislice CT colonography in children: Experience after 100 studies. Eur J Radiol 2005, 56:398-402.
110. Carrascosa P, López EM, et al: Virtual colonoscopy in paediatric patients: Usefulness of a colon dissection technique. Eur J Radiol (in press).
111. Elwagdy S., Ghoneim S., et al. Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) methods in the evaluation of calcular and non-calcular ureteric obstructive uropathy. World J Urol 2008, 26:263-274.
112. Riccabona M., Nelson T.R., et al. In vivo three-dimensional sonographic measurement of organ volume: Validation in the urinary bladder. J Ultrasound Med 1996, 15:627-632.
113. Perez-Brayfield M.R., Kirsch A.J., et al. A prospective study comparing ultrasound, nuclear scintigraphy and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hydronephrosis. J Urol 2003, 170(4 Pt. 1):1330-1334.
114. Vasanawala S.S., Kennedy W.A., et al. MR voiding cystography for evaluation of vesicoureteral reflux. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009, 192:W206-W211.
115. Hunerbein M., Raschke M., et al. Three-dimensional ultrasonography of bone and soft tissue lesions. Eur J Ultrasound 2001, 13:17-23.
116. Smet M.H., Marchal G.J., et al. Three-dimensional imaging of acetabular dysplasia: Diagnostic value and impact on surgical type classification. Eur J Radiol 2000, 34:26-31.
117. Serafin-Krol M., Krol R., et al. Potential value of three-dimensional ultrasonography in diagnosing muscle injuries in comparison to two-dimensional examination-preliminary results. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2008, 10:137-145.
118. Disler D.G., McCauley T.R., et al. Detection of knee hyaline cartilage defects using fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging: Comparison with standard MR imaging and correlation with arthroscopy. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995, 165:377-382.
119. Recht M.P., Piraino D.W., et al. Accuracy of fat-suppressed three-dimensional spoiled gradient-echo FLASH MR imaging in the detection of patellofemoral articular cartilage abnormalities. Radiology 1996, 198:209-212.
120. Li X., Yu C., et al. Prospective comparison of 3D FIESTA versus fat-suppressed 3D SPGR MRI in evaluating knee cartilage lesions. Clin Radiol 2009, 64:1000-1008.
121. Borsa J.J., Peterson H.A., et al. MR imaging of physeal bars. Radiology 1996, 199:683-687.
122. Craig J.G., Cody D.D., et al. The distal femoral and proximal tibial growth plates: MR imaging, three-dimensional modeling and estimation of area and volume. Skeletal Radiol 2004, 33:337-344.
123. Eckstein F., Schnier M., et al. Accuracy of cartilage volume and thickness measurements with magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1998, 352:137-148.
124. Burgkart R., Glaser C., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging-basedassessment of cartilage loss in severe osteoarthritis: Accuracy, precision, and diagnostic value. Arthritis Rheum 2001, 44:2072-2077.
125. Graichen H., von Eisenhart-Rothe R., et al. Quantitative assessment of cartilage status in osteoarthritis by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging: Technical validation for use in analysis of cartilage volume and further morphologic parameters. Arthritis Rheum 2004, 50:811-816.
126. Gandy S.J., Brett A.D., et al. Measurement of cartilage volumes in rheumatoid arthritis using MRI. Br J Radiol 2005, 78:39-45.
127. Siepmann D.B., McGovern J., et al. High-resolution 3D cartilage imaging with IDEAL SPGR at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007, 189:1510-1515.
128. Chen C.A., Lu W., et al. Multiecho IDEAL gradient-echo water-fat separation for rapid assessment of cartilage volume at 1.5 T: Initial experience. Radiology 2009, 252:561-567.
129. Kornaat P.R., Reeder S.B., et al. MR imaging of articular cartilage at 1.5T and 3.0T: Comparison of SPGR and SSFP sequences. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2005, 13:338-344.
130. Eckstein F., Charles H.C., et al. Accuracy and precision of quantitative assessment of cartilage morphology by magnetic resonance imaging at 3.0T. Arthritis Rheum 2005, 52:3132-3136.
131. Bauer J.S., Krause S.J., et al. Volumetric cartilage measurements of porcine knee at 1.5-T and 3.0-T MR imaging: Evaluation of precision and accuracy. Radiology 2006, 241:399-406.
132. Jung J.Y., Yoon Y.C., Choi S.H., et al. Three-dimensional isotropic shoulder MR arthrography: Comparison with two-dimensional MR arthrography for the diagnosis of labral lesions at 3.0 T. Radiology 2009, 250:498-505.
133. Ruehm S., Zanetti M., et al. MRI of patellar articular cartilage: Evaluation of an optimized gradient echo sequence (3D-DESS). J Magn Reson Imaging 1998, 8:1246-1251.
134. Murphy B.J. Evaluation of grades 3 and 4 chondromalacia of the knee using T2*-weighted 3D gradient-echo articular cartilage imaging. Skeletal Radiol 2001, 30:305-311.
135. Knuesel P.R., Pfirrmann C.W., et al. MR arthrography of the hip: Diagnostic performance of a dedicated water-excitation 3D double-echo steady-state sequence to detect cartilage lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 183:1729-1735.
136. Eckstein F., Hudelmaier M., et al. Double echo steady state magnetic resonance imaging of knee articular cartilage at 3 Tesla: A pilot study for the osteoarthritis initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2006, 65:433-441.
137. Moriya S., Miki Y., et al. Three-dimensional double-echo steady-state (3D-DESS) magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: Contrast optimization by adjusting flip angle. Acta Radiol 2009, 50:507-511.
138. Duc S.R., Pfirrmann C.W., et al. Internal knee derangement assessed with 3-minute three dimensional isovoxel true FISP MR sequence: Preliminary study. Radiology 2008, 246:526-535.
139. Kijowski R., Blankenbaker D.G., et al. Vastly undersampled isotropicprojection steady-state free precession imaging of the knee: Diagnostic performance compared with conventional MR. Radiology 2009, 251:185-194.
140. Kijowski R., Davis K.W., et al. Knee joint: Comprehensive assessment with 3D isotropic resolution fast spin-echo MR imaging-diagnostic performance compared with that of conventional MR imaging at 3.0 T. Radiology 2009, 252:486-495.
141. Notohamiprodjo M., Horng A., et al. MRI of the knee at 3T: First clinical results with an isotropic PDfs-weighted 3D-TSE-sequence. Invest Radiol 2009, 44:585-597.
142. Li X., Qi J., et al. Diffusion MRI in ischemic epiphysis of the femoral head: An experimental study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2008, 28:471-477.
143. Sur S., Mamisch T.C., et al. High resolution fast T1 mapping technique for dGEMRIC. J Magn Reson Imaging 2009, 30:896-900.
144. Ohashi K., El-Khoury G.Y., et al. MDCT of tendon abnormalities using volume-rendered images. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2004, 182:161-165.
145. Kalia V., Obray R.W., et al. Functional joint imaging using 256-MDCT: Technical feasibility. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009, 192:W295-W299.
146. van Rijn R.R., Lequin M.H., et al. Automatic determination of Greulich and Pyle bone age in healthy Dutch children. Pediatr Radiol 2009, 39:591-597.
147. Martin D.D., Deusch D., et al. Clinical application of automated Greulich-Pyle bone age determination in children with short stature. Pediatr Radiol 2009, 39:598-607.
148. Dedouit F., Guilbeau-Frugier C., Telmon N., et al. Virtual autopsy and forensic anthropology of a mummified fetus: A report of one case. J Forensic Sci 2008, 53:208-212.
149. Dirnhofer R., Jackowski C., Vock P., et al. VIRTOPSY: Minimally invasive, imaging-guided virtual autopsy. Radiographics 2006, 26:1305-1333.