Overview of disc arthroplasty-past, present and future

Acta Neurochirurgica

Volumn 152, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 393-404

  Fekete, Tamás Fülöp ^a   Porchet, François ^a  

^a SCHULTHESS CLINIC   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Degenerative disc disease; Intervertebral disc disease; Spinal arthroplasty; Systematic review; Total disc replacement

Indexed keywords

ARTHROPLASTY; CERVICAL SPINE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; HUMAN; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; LUMBAR SPINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; SPINE FUSION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ARTHROPLASTY; CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DISKECTOMY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK; INTERVERTEBRAL DISK DEGENERATION; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; PROSTHESIS IMPLANTATION; SPONDYLOSIS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 77949270249     PISSN: 00016268     EISSN: 09420940     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-009-0529-5     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. O Airaksinen JI Brox C Cedraschi J Hildebrandt J Klaber-Moffett F Kovacs AF Mannion S Reis JB Staal H Ursin G Zanoli 2006 Chapter 4. European guidelines for the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain Eur Spine J 15 Suppl 2 S192 S300 10.1007/s00586-006-1072-1 16550448
2. PA Anderson RC Sasso KD Riew 2008 Comparison of adverse events between the Bryan artificial cervical disc and anterior cervical arthrodesis Spine 33 1305 1312 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817329a1 18496341
3. RW Bailey CE Badgley 1960 Stabilization of the cervical spine by anterior fusion J Bone Joint Surg Am 42-A 565 594 1:STN:280:DyaF3c3hvFOhuw%3D%3D 13848906
4. R Bertagnoli JJ Yue R Nanieva A Fenk-Mayer DS Husted RV Shah JW Emerson 2006 Lumbar total disc arthroplasty in patients older than 60 years of age: a prospective study of the ProDisc prosthesis with 2-year minimum follow-up period J Neurosurg Spine 4 85 90 10.3171/spi.2006.4.2.85 16506473 (Pubitemid 47325296)
5. S Blumenthal PC McAfee RD Guyer SH Hochschuler FH Geisler RT Holt R Garcia Jr JJ Regan DD Ohnmeiss 2005 A prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemptions study of lumbar total disc replacement with the CHARITE artificial disc versus lumbar fusion: part I: evaluation of clinical outcomes Spine 30 1565 1575 10.1097/01.brs.0000170587. 32676.0e 16025024 discussion E1387-E1591 (Pubitemid 41024950)
6. J Boehler 1961 Surgical fixation of the cervical spine from the anterior approach. Langenbecks Arch Klin Chir Ver Dtsch Z Chir 298 1004 1005 10.1007/BF02435416 1:STN:280:DyaF38%2FhtFOgtg%3D%3D 13870454
7. JK Burkus MF Gornet CA Dickman TA Zdeblick 2002 Anterior lumbar interbody fusion using rhBMP-2 with tapered interbody cages J Spinal Disord Tech 15 337 349 12394656
8. Büttner-Janz K (1992) The development of the artificial disc: SB Charité. Huntley, Dallas
9. G Button M Gupta C Barrett P Cammack D Benson 2005 Three- to six-year follow-up of stand-alone BAK cages implanted by a single surgeon Spine J 5 155 160 10.1016/j.spinee.2004.06.021 15749615 (Pubitemid 40331435)
10. G Cinotti T David F Postacchini 1996 Results of disc prosthesis after a minimum follow-up period of 2 years Spine 21 995 1000 10.1097/00007632- 199604150-00015 1:STN:280:DyaK283psFWjsg%3D%3D 8726204 (Pubitemid 26127221)
11. RB Cloward 1959 Vertebral body fusion for ruptured cervical discs Am J Surg 98 722 727 10.1016/0002-9610(59)90498-2 1:STN:280:DyaF3c7jtFWlug%3D%3D 13810740
12. D Coric F Finger P Boltes 2006 Prospective randomized controlled study of the Bryan Cervical Disc: early clinical results from a single investigational site J Neurosurg Spine 4 31 35 10.3171/spi.2006.4.1.31 16506463 (Pubitemid 47325321)
13. RB Delamarter HW Bae BB Pradhan 2005 Clinical results of ProDisc-II lumbar total disc replacement: report from the United States clinical trial Orthop Clin North Am 36 301 313 10.1016/j.ocl.2005.03.004 15950690 (Pubitemid 40805091)
14. RB Delamarter DM Fribourg LE Kanim H Bae 2003 ProDisc artificial total lumbar disc replacement: introduction and early results from the United States clinical trial Spine 28 S167 S175 10.1097/01.BRS.0000092220.66650.2B 14560188
15. J Fairbank 2007 Re: Zigler J, Delamarter R, Spivak J, et al. Results of the prospective, randomized, multicenter Food and Drug Administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement versus circumferential fusion for the treatment of 1-level degenerative disc disease Spine 32 1155 1162 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318054e377 2929-2930; author reply 2930-2921 (Pubitemid 46743014)
16. U Fernstrom 1966 Arthroplasty with intercorporal endoprothesis in herniated disc and in painful disc Acta Chir Scand Suppl 357 154 159 1:STN:280:DyaF2s%2FpvFWktw%3D%3D 5227072
17. P Fritzell O Hagg P Wessberg A Nordwall 2001 2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: lumbar fusion versus nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain: a multicenter randomized controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group Spine 26 2521 2532 10.1097/00007632-200112010-00002 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnnvV2lsg%3D%3D 11725230 discussion 2532-2524 (Pubitemid 33134299)
18. FH Geisler SL Blumenthal RD Guyer PC McAfee JJ Regan JP Johnson B Mullin 2004 Neurological complications of lumbar artificial disc replacement and comparison of clinical results with those related to lumbar arthrodesis in the literature: results of a multicenter, prospective, randomized investigational device exemption study of Charite intervertebral disc. Invited submission from the Joint Section Meeting on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, March 2004 J Neurosurg Spine 1 143 154 10.3171/spi.2004.1.2.0143 15346999
19. FH Geisler RD Guyer SL Blumenthal PC McAfee A Cappuccino F Bitan JJ Regan 2008 Effect of previous surgery on clinical outcome following 1-level lumbar arthroplasty J Neurosurg Spine 8 108 114 10.3171/SPI/2008/8/2/108 18248281 (Pubitemid 351230900)
20. FH Geisler RD Guyer SL Blumenthal PC McAfee A Cappuccino F Bitan JJ Regan 2008 Patient selection for lumbar arthroplasty and arthrodesis: the effect of revision surgery in a controlled, multicenter, randomized study J Neurosurg Spine 8 13 16 10.3171/SPI-08/01/013 18173341
21. G Ghiselli JC Wang NN Bhatia WK Hsu EG Dawson 2004 Adjacent segment degeneration in the lumbar spine J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A 1497 1503 15252099
22. JN Gibson G Waddell 2005 Surgery for degenerative lumbar spondylosis: updated Cochrane Review Spine 30 2312 2320 10.1097/01.brs.0000182315.88558.9c 16227895 (Pubitemid 41504902)
23. J Goffin F Van Calenbergh J van Loon A Casey P Kehr K Liebig B Lind C Logroscino R Sgrambiglia V Pointillart 2003 Intermediate follow-up after treatment of degenerative disc disease with the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis: single-level and bi-level Spine 28 2673 2678 10.1097/01.BRS.0000099392.90849.AA 14673368 (Pubitemid 37543472)
24. SL Griffith AP Shelokov K Buttner-Janz JP LeMaire WS Zeegers 1994 A multicenter retrospective study of the clinical results of the LINK SB Charite intervertebral prosthesis. The initial European experience Spine 19 1842 1849 10.1097/00007632-199408150-00009 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FmsVarsw%3D%3D 7973983
25. RD Guyer FH Geisler SL Blumenthal PC McAfee BB Mullin 2008 Effect of age on clinical and radiographic outcomes and adverse events following 1-level lumbar arthroplasty after a minimum 2-year follow-up J Neurosurg Spine 8 101 107 10.3171/SPI/2008/8/2/101 18248280 (Pubitemid 351230899)
26. RD Guyer PC McAfee RJ Banco FD Bitan A Cappuccino FH Geisler SH Hochschuler RT Holt LG Jenis ME Majd JJ Regan SG Tromanhauser DC Wong SL Blumenthal 2009 Prospective, randomized, multicenter food and drug administration investigational device exemption study of lumbar total disc replacement with the CHARITE artificial disc versus lumbar fusion: five-year follow-up Spine J 9 374 386 10.1016/j.spinee.2008.08.007 18805066
27. RD Guyer PC McAfee SH Hochschuler SL Blumenthal IL Fedder DD Ohnmeiss BW Cunningham 2004 Prospective randomized study of the Charite artificial disc: data from two investigational centers Spine J 4 252S 259S 10.1016/j.spinee.2004. 07.019 15541674 (Pubitemid 39497312)
28. RJ Hacker 2005 Cervical disc arthroplasty: a controlled randomized prospective study with intermediate follow-up results. Invited submission from the joint section meeting on disorders of the spine and peripheral nerves, March 2005 J Neurosurg Spine 3 424 428 10.3171/spi.2005.3.6.0424 16381203
29. JS Harrop JA Youssef M Maltenfort P Vorwald P Jabbour CM Bono N Goldfarb AR Vaccaro AS Hilibrand 2008 Lumbar adjacent segment degeneration and disease after arthrodesis and total disc arthroplasty Spine 33 1701 1707 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31817bb956 18594464
30. JG Heller RC Sasso SM Papadopoulos PA Anderson RG Fessler RJ Hacker D Coric JC Cauthen DK Riew 2009 Comparison of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty with anterior cervical decompression and fusion: clinical and radiographic results of a randomized, controlled, clinical trial Spine 34 101 107 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31818ee263 19112337
31. AS Hilibrand GD Carlson MA Palumbo PK Jones HH Bohlman 1999 Radiculopathy and myelopathy at segments adjacent to the site of a previous anterior cervical arthrodesis J Bone Joint Surg Am 81 519 528 1:STN:280:DyaK1M3ktVehtQ%3D%3D 10225797
32. AS Hilibrand M Robbins 2004 Adjacent segment degeneration and adjacent segment disease: the consequences of spinal fusion? Spine J 4 190S 194S 10.1016/j.spinee.2004.07.007 15541666 (Pubitemid 39497304)
33. RC Huang FP Girardi FP Cammisa Jr MR Lim P Tropiano T Marnay 2005 Correlation between range of motion and outcome after lumbar total disc replacement: 8.6-year follow-up Spine 30 1407 1411 10.1097/01.brs.0000166528. 67425.0e 15959370 (Pubitemid 41754864)
34. RC Huang FP Girardi FP Cammisa Jr P Tropiano T Marnay 2003 Long-term flexion-extension range of motion of the ProDisc total disc replacement J Spinal Disord Tech 16 435 440 10.1097/00024720-200310000-00001 14526191 (Pubitemid 37509260)
35. RC Huang P Tropiano T Marnay FP Girardi MR Lim FP Cammisa Jr 2006 Range of motion and adjacent level degeneration after lumbar total disc replacement Spine J 6 242 247 10.1016/j.spinee.2005.04.013 16651217
36. JJ Jacobs NJ Hallab RM Urban MA Wimmer 2006 Wear particles J Bone Joint Surg Am 88 Suppl 2 99 102 10.2106/JBJS.F.00102 16595453
37. PM Klara CD Ray 2002 Artificial nucleus replacement: clinical experience Spine 27 1374 1377 10.1097/00007632-200206150-00022 12065989 (Pubitemid 34655147)
38. J Lafuente AT Casey A Petzold S Brew 2005 The Bryan cervical disc prosthesis as an alternative to arthrodesis in the treatment of cervical spondylosis: 46 consecutive cases J Bone Joint Surg Br 87 508 512 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2M7mt12ktg%3D%3D 15795201
39. JC Le Huec H Mathews Y Basso S Aunoble D Hoste B Bley T Friesem 2005 Clinical results of Maverick lumbar total disc replacement: two-year prospective follow-up Orthop Clin North Am 36 315 322 10.1016/j.ocl.2005.02.001 15950691 (Pubitemid 40805092)
40. JP Lemaire H Carrier H Sariali El W Skalli F Lavaste 2005 Clinical and radiological outcomes with the Charite artificial disc: a 10-year minimum follow-up J Spinal Disord Tech 18 353 359 10.1097/01.bsd.0000172361.07479.6b 16021017 (Pubitemid 44378153)
41. C Leung AT Casey J Goffin P Kehr K Liebig B Lind C Logroscino V Pointillart 2005 Clinical significance of heterotopic ossification in cervical disc replacement: a prospective multicenter clinical trial Neurosurgery 57 759 763 10.1227/01.NEU.0000175856.31210.58 16239889 discussion 759-763
42. PC McAfee IL Fedder S Saiedy EM Shucosky BW Cunningham 2003 Experimental design of total disk replacement-experience with a prospective randomized study of the SB Charite Spine 28 S153 S162 10.1097/01.BRS.0000092217.34981.E1 14560186
43. PC McAfee IL Fedder S Saiedy EM Shucosky BW Cunningham 2003 SB Charite disc replacement: report of 60 prospective randomized cases in a US center J Spinal Disord Tech 16 424 433 12902960
44. PC McAfee FH Geisler SS Saiedy SV Moore JJ Regan RD Guyer SL Blumenthal IL Fedder PJ Tortolani B Cunningham 2006 Revisability of the CHARITE artificial disc replacement: analysis of 688 patients enrolled in the U.S. IDE study of the CHARITE Artificial Disc Spine 31 1217 1226 10.1097/01.brs.0000217689.08487.a8 16688035 (Pubitemid 43756296)
45. C Mehren P Suchomel F Grochulla P Barsa P Sourkova J Hradil A Korge HM Mayer 2006 Heterotopic ossification in total cervical artificial disc replacement Spine 31 2802 2806 10.1097/01.brs.0000245852.70594.d5 17108833 (Pubitemid 44772781)
46. SK Mirza 2005 Point of view: commentary on the research reports that led to food and drug administration approval of an artificial disc Spine 30 1561 1564 10.1097/01.brs.0000171806.30401.40 16025023 (Pubitemid 41022417)
47. PV Mummaneni JK Burkus RW Haid VC Traynelis TA Zdeblick 2007 Clinical and radiographic analysis of cervical disc arthroplasty compared with allograft fusion: a randomized controlled clinical trial J Neurosurg Spine 6 198 209 10.3171/spi.2007.6.3.198 17355018 (Pubitemid 47066071)
48. D Murrey M Janssen R Delamarter J Goldstein J Zigler B Tay B Darden 2009 Results of the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter food and drug administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-C total disc replacement versus anterior discectomy and fusion for the treatment of 1-level symptomatic cervical disc disease Spine J 9 275 286 10.1016/j.spinee. 2008.05.006 18774751
49. A Nabhan F Ahlhelm T Pitzen WI Steudel J Jung K Shariat O Steimer F Bachelier D Pape 2007 Disc replacement using Pro-Disc C versus fusion: a prospective randomised and controlled radiographic and clinical study Eur Spine J 16 423 430 10.1007/s00586-006-0226-5 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s7msFCitQ%3D%3D 17106665 (Pubitemid 46440185)
50. A Nabhan F Ahlhelm K Shariat T Pitzen O Steimer WI Steudel D Pape 2007 The ProDisc-C prosthesis: clinical and radiological experience 1 year after surgery Spine 32 1935 1941 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31813162d8 17700437 (Pubitemid 47300993)
51. A Nabhan WI Steudel A Nabhan D Pape B Ishak 2007 Segmental kinematics and adjacent level degeneration following disc replacement versus fusion: RCT with three years of follow-up J Long Term Eff Med Implants 17 229 236 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1cjlvVyjtQ%3D%3D 19023947
52. A Nachemson 1962 Some mechanical properties of the lumbar intervertebral discs Bull Hosp Joint Dis 23 130 143 1:STN:280:DyaF387ivVKruw%3D%3D 13937019
53. F Pellise A Hernandez X Vidal J Minguell C Martinez C Villanueva 2007 Radiologic assessment of all unfused lumbar segments 7.5 years after instrumented posterior spinal fusion Spine 32 574 579 10.1097/01.brs.0000256875. 17765.e6 17334293 (Pubitemid 46398925)
54. FM Phillips TR Allen JJ Regan TJ Albert A Cappuccino JG Devine JE Ahrens JA Hipp PC McAfee 2009 Cervical disc replacement in patients with and without previous adjacent level fusion surgery: a prospective study Spine 34 556 565 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31819b061c 19240664
55. L Pimenta PC McAfee A Cappuccino BW Cunningham R Diaz E Coutinho 2007 Superiority of multilevel cervical arthroplasty outcomes versus single-level outcomes: 229 consecutive PCM prostheses Spine 32 1337 1344 10.1097/BRS. 0b013e318059af12 17515823 (Pubitemid 46795283)
56. F Porchet NH Metcalf 2004 Clinical outcomes with the Prestige II cervical disc: preliminary results from a prospective randomized clinical trial Neurosurg Focus 17 E6 10.3171/foc.2004.17.3.6 15636562
57. JJ Regan PC McAfee SL Blumenthal RD Guyer FH Geisler R Garcia Jr JH Maxwell 2006 Evaluation of surgical volume and the early experience with lumbar total disc replacement as part of the investigational device exemption study of the Charite Artificial Disc Spine 31 2270 2276 10.1097/01.brs.0000234726.55383. 0c 16946666 (Pubitemid 44337868)
58. DK Resnick TF Choudhri AT Dailey MW Groff L Khoo PG Matz P Mummaneni WC Watters 3rd J Wang BC Walters MN Hadley 2005 Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 11: interbody techniques for lumbar fusion J Neurosurg Spine 2 692 699 10.3171/spi.2005.2.6.0692 16028739
59. KD Riew JM Buchowski R Sasso T Zdeblick NH Metcalf PA Anderson 2008 Cervical disc arthroplasty compared with arthrodesis for the treatment of myelopathy J Bone Joint Surg Am 90 2354 2364 10.2106/JBJS.G.01608 18978404
60. J Riina A Patel JW Dietz JS Hoskins TR Trammell DD Schwartz 2008 Comparison of single-level cervical fusion and a metal-on-metal cervical disc replacement device Am J Orthop 37 E71 E77 18535684
61. RA Robinson 1963 The problem of neck pain: its alleviation by anterior removal of intervertebral disc with interbody fusion in the cervical spine J Med Assoc State Ala 33 1 14 1:STN:280:DyaF387ms1altA%3D%3D 13974470
62. C Röder E Blozik U Müller P Moulin M Aebi 2009 SWISSspine: an outcome and quality registry of orthopaedic implants as a condition for reimbursement by basic health insurance J Manage Market Healthcare Volume 2 94 101
63. RC Sasso NM Best NH Metcalf PA Anderson 2008 Motion analysis of Bryan cervical disc arthroplasty versus anterior discectomy and fusion: results from a prospective, randomized, multicenter, clinical trial J Spinal Disord Tech 21 393 399 10.1097/BSD.0b013e318150d121 18679092
64. RC Sasso DM Foulk M Hahn 2008 Prospective, randomized trial of metal-on-metal artificial lumbar disc replacement: initial results for treatment of discogenic pain Spine 33 123 131 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31816043af 18197095
65. RC Sasso JD Smucker RJ Hacker JG Heller 2007 Artificial disc versus fusion: a prospective, randomized study with 2-year follow-up on 99 patients Spine 32 2933 2940 10.1097/BRS.0b013e31815d0034 18091483 discussion 2941-2932 (Pubitemid 350307273)
66. RC Sasso JD Smucker RJ Hacker JG Heller 2007 Clinical outcomes of BRYAN cervical disc arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter trial with 24-month follow-up J Spinal Disord Tech 20 481 491 10.1097/BSD.0b013e3180310534 17912124 (Pubitemid 47524952)
67. E Schluessmann P Diel E Aghayev T Zweig P Moulin C Roder 2009 SWISSspine: a nationwide registry for health technology assessment of lumbar disc prostheses Eur Spine J 18 862 10.1007/s00586-009-0971-3
68. LH Sekhon N Duggal JJ Lynch RW Haid JG Heller KD Riew K Seex PA Anderson 2007 Magnetic resonance imaging clarity of the Bryan, Prodisc-C, Prestige LP, and PCM cervical arthroplasty devices Spine 32 673 680 10.1097/01.brs. 0000257547.17822.14 17413473 (Pubitemid 46573307)
69. CS Shim SH Lee HD Shin HS Kang WC Choi B Jung G Choi Y Ahn S Lee HY Lee 2007 CHARITE versus ProDisc: a comparative study of a minimum 3-year follow-up Spine 32 1012 1018 10.1097/01.brs.0000260795.57798.a0 17450077 (Pubitemid 46642559)
70. CJ Siepe HM Mayer M Heinz-Leisenheimer A Korge 2007 Total lumbar disc replacement: different results for different levels Spine 32 782 790 10.1097/01.brs.0000259071.64027.04 17414914 (Pubitemid 46573332)
71. CJ Siepe HM Mayer K Wiechert A Korge 2006 Clinical results of total lumbar disc replacement with ProDisc II: three-year results for different indications Spine 31 1923 1932 10.1097/01.brs.0000228780.06569.e8 16924209 (Pubitemid 44297772)
72. GW Smith RA Robinson 1958 The treatment of certain cervical-spine disorders by anterior removal of the intervertebral disc and interbody fusion J Bone Joint Surg Am 40-A 607 624 1:STN:280:DyaG1c%2Fot1Sgsw%3D%3D 13539086
73. R Soegaard CE Bunger T Christiansen K Hoy SP Eiskjaer FB Christensen 2007 Circumferential fusion is dominant over posterolateral fusion in a long-term perspective: cost-utility evaluation of a randomized controlled trial in severe, chronic low back pain Spine 32 2405 2414 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181573b2d 18090078 (Pubitemid 350303685)
74. MP Steinmetz R Patel V Traynelis DK Resnick PA Anderson 2008 Cervical disc arthroplasty compared with fusion in a workers' compensation population Neurosurgery 63 741 747 10.1227/01.NEU.0000325495.79104.DB 18981885 discussion 747
75. M Szpalski R Gunzburg M Mayer 2002 Spine arthroplasty: a historical review Eur Spine J 11 Suppl 2 S65 S84 12384726
76. PJ Tortolani BW Cunningham M Eng PC McAfee GA Holsapple KA Adams 2007 Prevalence of heterotopic ossification following total disc replacement. A prospective, randomized study of two hundred and seventy-six patients J Bone Joint Surg Am 89 82 88 10.2106/JBJS.F.00432 17200314 (Pubitemid 46059146)
77. A van Ooij FC Oner AJ Verbout 2003 Complications of artificial disc replacement: a report of 27 patients with the SB Charite disc J Spinal Disord Tech 16 369 383 12902953
78. WS Zeegers LM Bohnen M Laaper MJ Verhaegen 1999 Artificial disc replacement with the modular type SB Charite III: 2-year results in 50 prospectively studied patients Eur Spine J 8 210 217 10.1007/s005860050160 1:STN:280:DyaK1MzjvFKqsA%3D%3D 10413347 (Pubitemid 29287487)
79. J Zigler R Delamarter JM Spivak RJ Linovitz GO Danielson 3rd TT Haider F Cammisa J Zuchermann R Balderston S Kitchel K Foley R Watkins D Bradford J Yue H Yuan H Herkowitz D Geiger J Bendo T Peppers B Sachs F Girardi M Kropf J Goldstein 2007 Results of the prospective, randomized, multicenter food and drug administration investigational device exemption study of the ProDisc-L total disc replacement versus circumferential fusion for the treatment of 1-level degenerative disc disease Spine 32 1155 1162 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318054e377 17495770 discussion 1163 (Pubitemid 46743014)
80. JE Zigler 2003 Clinical results with ProDisc: European experience and U.S. investigation device exemption study Spine 28 S163 S166 10.1097/00007632-200310151-00009 14560187
81. JE Zigler 2004 Lumbar spine arthroplasty using the ProDisc II Spine J 4 260S 267S 10.1016/j.spinee.2004.07.018 15541675 (Pubitemid 39497313)
82. JE Zigler TA Burd EN Vialle BL Sachs RF Rashbaum DD Ohnmeiss 2003 Lumbar spine arthroplasty: early results using the ProDisc II: a prospective randomized trial of arthroplasty versus fusion J Spinal Disord Tech 16 352 361 12902951