메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 66, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 371-391

Phonological memory and implications for the second language classroom

Author keywords

Individual differences; Phonological memory (PM); Second language learning

Indexed keywords


EID: 77749310337     PISSN: 00084506     EISSN: 17101131     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3138/cmlr.66.3.371     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (21)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0030298863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological working memory and spoken language development in young children
    • Adams, A.-M., & Gathercole, S.E. (1996). Phonological working memory and spoken language development in young children. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 49A(1), 216-233.
    • (1996) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.49 A , Issue.1 , pp. 216-233
    • Adams, A.-M.1    Gathercole, S.E.2
  • 3
    • 0032218533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory and distributed vocabulary learning
    • Atkins, P.W.B., & Baddeley, A.D. (1998). Working memory and distributed vocabulary learning. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 537-552.
    • (1998) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.19 , pp. 537-552
    • Atkins, P.W.B.1    Baddeley, A.D.2
  • 4
    • 0032218531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of phonological short-term memory and their relationship to vocabulary development
    • Avons, S.E., Wragg, C.A., Cupples, L., & Lovegrove, W.J. (1998). Measures of phonological short-term memory and their relationship to vocabulary development. Applied Psycholinguistics, 19, 583-601.
    • (1998) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.19 , pp. 583-601
    • Avons, S.E.1    Wragg, C.A.2    Cupples, L.3    Lovegrove, W.J.4
  • 5
    • 0004030013 scopus 로고
    • Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Baddeley, A.D. (1986). Working memory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1986) Working memory
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 6
    • 0002855861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The concept of working memory
    • S.E. Gathercole Ed, Hove, UK: Psychology Press
    • Baddeley, A.D. (1996). The concept of working memory. In S.E. Gathercole (Ed.), Models of short-term memory (pp. 1-27). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
    • (1996) Models of short-term memory , pp. 1-27
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 7
    • 0034333066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The episodic buffer: A new component to working memory?
    • Baddeley, A.D. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component to working memory? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4(11), 417-423.
    • (2000) Trends in Cognitive Science , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 417-423
    • Baddeley, A.D.1
  • 9
    • 77749311765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ben Salem, E. (2007, April). The influence of electronic glosses on word retention and reading comprehension with Spanish language learners. Dissertation Abstracts International: A. The Humanities and Social Sciences, 67(10), 3785.
    • Ben Salem, E. (2007, April). The influence of electronic glosses on word retention and reading comprehension with Spanish language learners. Dissertation Abstracts International: A. The Humanities and Social Sciences, 67(10), 3785.
  • 10
    • 21444459637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonword span as a unique predictor of second-language vocabulary learning
    • Cheung, H. (1996). Nonword span as a unique predictor of second-language vocabulary learning. Developmental Psychology, 32, 867-873.
    • (1996) Developmental Psychology , vol.32 , pp. 867-873
    • Cheung, H.1
  • 11
    • 10144239670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes students click: Working memory and look-up behavior
    • Chun, D., & Payne, S.S. (2004). What makes students click: Working memory and look-up behavior. System, 32, 481-503.
    • (2004) System , vol.32 , pp. 481-503
    • Chun, D.1    Payne, S.S.2
  • 12
    • 84994945217 scopus 로고
    • Motivation, self-confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom
    • Clément, R., Dornyei, Z., & Noels, K.A. (1994). Motivation, self-confidence and group cohesion in the foreign language classroom. Language Learning, 44, 417-448.
    • (1994) Language Learning , vol.44 , pp. 417-448
    • Clément, R.1    Dornyei, Z.2    Noels, K.A.3
  • 13
    • 77749318294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doughty, C, & Williams, J, Eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Doughty, C., & Williams, J. (Eds.). (1998). Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition
  • 14
    • 0033249352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Native language literacy and phonological memory as prerequisites for learning English as a foreign language
    • Dufva, M., & Voeten, M.J.M. (1999). Native language literacy and phonological memory as prerequisites for learning English as a foreign language. Applied Psycholinguistics, 20, 329-348.
    • (1999) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.20 , pp. 329-348
    • Dufva, M.1    Voeten, M.J.M.2
  • 17
    • 77749318292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological memory, intensive language instruction and L2 oral fluency development
    • March, Paper presented at the, Denver, CO
    • French, L.M. (2009, March). Phonological memory, intensive language instruction and L2 oral fluency development. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Association of Applied Linguistics, Denver, CO.
    • (2009) meeting of the American Association of Applied Linguistics
    • French, L.M.1
  • 18
    • 44949194691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological memory and children's L2 grammar learning
    • French, L.M., & O'Brien, I. (2008). Phonological memory and children's L2 grammar learning. Applied Psycholinguistics, 29, 463-487.
    • (2008) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.29 , pp. 463-487
    • French, L.M.1    O'Brien, I.2
  • 19
    • 0004407128 scopus 로고
    • foreign language. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
    • Fries, C. (1945). Teaching and learning English as a foreign language. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
    • (1945) Teaching and learning English as a
    • Fries, C.1
  • 20
    • 84933480193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toward a full model of second language learning: An empirical investigation
    • Gardner, R., Tremblay, P.F., & Masgoret, A.-M. (1997). Toward a full model of second language learning: An empirical investigation. Modern Language Journal, 81, 344-362.
    • (1997) Modern Language Journal , vol.81 , pp. 344-362
    • Gardner, R.1    Tremblay, P.F.2    Masgoret, A.-M.3
  • 21
    • 33746559711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rethinking communicative language teaching: A focus on access to fluency
    • Gatbonton, E., & Segalowitz, N. (2005). Rethinking communicative language teaching: A focus on access to fluency. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 61(3), 325-353.
    • (2005) The Canadian Modern Language Review , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 325-353
    • Gatbonton, E.1    Segalowitz, N.2
  • 22
    • 33846783682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonword repetition and word learning: The nature of the relationship
    • Gathercole, S.E. (2006). Nonword repetition and word learning: The nature of the relationship. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27, 513-543.
    • (2006) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.27 , pp. 513-543
    • Gathercole, S.E.1
  • 24
    • 0009174475 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: A longitudinal study
    • Gathercole, S.E., & Baddeley, A.D. (1989). Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Memory and Language, 28, 200-213.
    • (1989) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.28 , pp. 200-213
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Baddeley, A.D.2
  • 26
    • 0003159019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gathercole, S.E., Service, E., Hitch, G.J., Adams, A.M., & Martin, A.J. (1999). Phonological short-term memory and vocabulary development: Further evidence on the nature of the relationship. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 65-77.
    • Gathercole, S.E., Service, E., Hitch, G.J., Adams, A.M., & Martin, A.J. (1999). Phonological short-term memory and vocabulary development: Further evidence on the nature of the relationship. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 13, 65-77.
  • 27
    • 0009877784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological short-term memory and foreign language learning
    • A.F. Healy & L.E. Bourne Eds, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • Gathercole, S.E., & Thorn, A. (1998). Phonological short-term memory and foreign language learning. In A.F. Healy & L.E. Bourne (Eds.), Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies in training and retention (pp. 141-158). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies in training and retention , pp. 141-158
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Thorn, A.2
  • 28
    • 84972074594 scopus 로고
    • The influences of number of syllables and wordlikeness on children's repetition of nonwords
    • Gathercole, S.E., Willis, C.S., Emslie, H., & Baddeley, A.D. (1991). The influences of number of syllables and wordlikeness on children's repetition of nonwords. Applied Psycholinguistics, 12, 349-367.
    • (1991) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.12 , pp. 349-367
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Willis, C.S.2    Emslie, H.3    Baddeley, A.D.4
  • 29
    • 0001658434 scopus 로고
    • Phonological memory and vocabulary development during the early school years: A longitudinal study
    • Gathercole, S.E., Willis, C.S., Emslie, H., & Baddeley, A.D. (1992). Phonological memory and vocabulary development during the early school years: A longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 28, 887-898.
    • (1992) Developmental Psychology , vol.28 , pp. 887-898
    • Gathercole, S.E.1    Willis, C.S.2    Emslie, H.3    Baddeley, A.D.4
  • 30
    • 34247895557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in nonword repetition performance of children with and without Specific Language Impairment: A meta-analysis
    • Graf-Estes, K., Evans, J.L., & Else-Quest, N.M. (2007). Differences in nonword repetition performance of children with and without Specific Language Impairment: A meta-analysis. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 50, 177-195.
    • (2007) Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , vol.50 , pp. 177-195
    • Graf-Estes, K.1    Evans, J.L.2    Else-Quest, N.M.3
  • 31
    • 35848930306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between phonological memory, receptive vocabulary and mapping in young children with specific language impairment
    • Gray, S. (2006). The relationship between phonological memory, receptive vocabulary and mapping in young children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 49(5), 955-969.
    • (2006) Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 955-969
    • Gray, S.1
  • 33
    • 21244457150 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding academic vocabulary with an interactive online database
    • Horst, M., Cobb, T., & Nicolae, I. (2005). Expanding academic vocabulary with an interactive online database. Language Learning and Technology, 9(2), 90-110.
    • (2005) Language Learning and Technology , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 90-110
    • Horst, M.1    Cobb, T.2    Nicolae, I.3
  • 34
    • 77749311763 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psycholinguistic perspectives on language and its acquisition
    • J. Cummins & C. Davison Eds, Norwell, MA: Springer
    • Hulstijn, J.H. (2007). Psycholinguistic perspectives on language and its acquisition. In J. Cummins & C. Davison (Eds.), The international handbook on English language teaching (pp. 701-713). Norwell, MA: Springer.
    • (2007) The international handbook on English language teaching , pp. 701-713
    • Hulstijn, J.H.1
  • 35
    • 77749311761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hummel, K.M. (2002). Second language acquisition and working memory. In F. Fabbro (Ed.), Advances in the neurolinguistics of bilingualism: Festschrift for Michel Paradis (pp. 95-117). Udine, Italy: Forum.
    • Hummel, K.M. (2002). Second language acquisition and working memory. In F. Fabbro (Ed.), Advances in the neurolinguistics of bilingualism: Festschrift for Michel Paradis (pp. 95-117). Udine, Italy: Forum.
  • 36
    • 70450193709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aptitude, phonological memory, and second language proficiency in nonnovice adult learners
    • Hummel, K.M. (2009). Aptitude, phonological memory, and second language proficiency in nonnovice adult learners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 30, 225-249.
    • (2009) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.30 , pp. 225-249
    • Hummel, K.M.1
  • 37
    • 1342285049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What links verbal short-term memory performance and vocabulary level? Evidence of changing relationships among individuals with learning disability
    • Jarrold, C., Baddeley, A.D., Hewes, A.K., Leeke, T.C., & Phillips, C.E. (2004). What links verbal short-term memory performance and vocabulary level? Evidence of changing relationships among individuals with learning disability. Journal of Memory and Language, 50, 134-148.
    • (2004) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.50 , pp. 134-148
    • Jarrold, C.1    Baddeley, A.D.2    Hewes, A.K.3    Leeke, T.C.4    Phillips, C.E.5
  • 38
    • 0024489087 scopus 로고
    • Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on acquisition of ESL
    • Johnson, J.J., & Newport, E.L. (1989). Critical period effects in second language learning: The influence of maturational state on acquisition of ESL. Cognitive Psychology, 21, 60-99.
    • (1989) Cognitive Psychology , vol.21 , pp. 60-99
    • Johnson, J.J.1    Newport, E.L.2
  • 41
    • 0002289086 scopus 로고
    • Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology
    • K. de Bot, R. Ginsberg & C. Kramsch Eds, Amsterdam: John Benjamins
    • Long, M.H. (1991). Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology. In K. de Bot, R. Ginsberg & C. Kramsch (Eds.), Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective (pp. 39-52). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
    • (1991) Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective , pp. 39-52
    • Long, M.H.1
  • 42
    • 84979376499 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of second language listening and reading comprehension
    • Lund, M. (1991). A comparison of second language listening and reading comprehension. Modern Language Journal, 75, 196-204.
    • (1991) Modern Language Journal , vol.75 , pp. 196-204
    • Lund, M.1
  • 43
    • 0036322478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relation between phonological memory skills and reading ability in Greek-speaking children: Practical applications
    • Maridaki-Kassotaki, K. (2002). The relation between phonological memory skills and reading ability in Greek-speaking children: Practical applications. European Journal of the Psychology of Education, 1, 63-73.
    • (2002) European Journal of the Psychology of Education , vol.1 , pp. 63-73
    • Maridaki-Kassotaki, K.1
  • 44
  • 45
    • 19044382571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting contributions of phonological short-term memory and long-term knowledge to vocabulary learning in a foreign language
    • Masoura, E.V., & Gathercole, S.E. (2005). Contrasting contributions of phonological short-term memory and long-term knowledge to vocabulary learning in a foreign language. Memory, 13, 422-429.
    • (2005) Memory , vol.13 , pp. 422-429
    • Masoura, E.V.1    Gathercole, S.E.2
  • 46
    • 4243746337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second language learning revisited: The psycholinguistic perspective
    • A.F. Healy & L.E. Bourne Eds, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum
    • McLaughlin, B. (1998). Second language learning revisited: The psycholinguistic perspective. In A.F. Healy & L.E. Bourne (Eds.), Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention (pp. 399-411). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    • (1998) Foreign language learning: Psycholinguistic studies on training and retention , pp. 399-411
    • McLaughlin, B.1
  • 47
    • 59849106304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training
    • McNab, F., Varrone, A., Farde, L., Jucaite, A., Bystritsky, P., Forssberg, H., et al. (2009). Changes in cortical dopamine D1 receptor binding associated with cognitive training. Science, 323, 800-802.
    • (2009) Science , vol.323 , pp. 800-802
    • McNab, F.1    Varrone, A.2    Farde, L.3    Jucaite, A.4    Bystritsky, P.5    Forssberg, H.6
  • 48
    • 85039932799 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh
    • Mizera, G.J. (2006). Working memory and L2 oral fluency. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
    • (2006) Working memory and L2 oral fluency
    • Mizera, G.J.1
  • 49
    • 0040056443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of modality on a grammaticality judgement task
    • Murphy, V. (1997). The effect of modality on a grammaticality judgement task. Second Language Research, 13, 34-65.
    • (1997) Second Language Research , vol.13 , pp. 34-65
    • Murphy, V.1
  • 50
    • 0038591558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New orientations in language learning motivation: Toward a contextual model of intrinsic, extrinsic, and integrative orientations and motivation
    • Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt Eds, Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center
    • Noels, K.A. (2001). New orientations in language learning motivation: Toward a contextual model of intrinsic, extrinsic, and integrative orientations and motivation. In Z. Dornyei & R. Schmidt (Eds.), Motivation and second language acquisition (pp. 43-68). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i, Second Language Teaching and Curriculum Center.
    • (2001) Motivation and second language acquisition , pp. 43-68
    • Noels, K.A.1
  • 51
    • 0034394884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta analysis
    • Norris, J.M., & Ortega, L. (2000). Effectiveness of L2 instruction: A research synthesis and quantitative meta analysis. Language Learning, 50, 417-528.
    • (2000) Language Learning , vol.50 , pp. 417-528
    • Norris, J.M.1    Ortega, L.2
  • 52
    • 33749331044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological memory and lexical, narrative, and grammatical skills in second language oral production by adult learners
    • O'Brien, I., Segalowitz, N., Collentine, J., & Freed, B. (2006). Phonological memory and lexical, narrative, and grammatical skills in second language oral production by adult learners. Applied Psycholinguistics, 27, 377-402.
    • (2006) Applied Psycholinguistics , vol.27 , pp. 377-402
    • O'Brien, I.1    Segalowitz, N.2    Collentine, J.3    Freed, B.4
  • 54
    • 0345923836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory
    • Olesen, P.J., Westerberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2004). Increased prefrontal and parietal activity after training of working memory. Nature Neuroscience, 7(1), 75-79.
    • (2004) Nature Neuroscience , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-79
    • Olesen, P.J.1    Westerberg, H.2    Klingberg, T.3
  • 55
    • 84979407715 scopus 로고
    • Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework
    • Oxford, R., & Shearin, J. (1994). Language learning motivation: Expanding the theoretical framework. Modern Language Journal, 78, 12-28.
    • (1994) Modern Language Journal , vol.78 , pp. 12-28
    • Oxford, R.1    Shearin, J.2
  • 56
    • 0001525373 scopus 로고
    • A sensitive period in the acquisition of a non-native phonological system
    • Oyama, S. (1976). A sensitive period in the acquisition of a non-native phonological system. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 5, 261-85.
    • (1976) Journal of Psycholinguistic Research , vol.5 , pp. 261-285
    • Oyama, S.1
  • 57
    • 2342491579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Working memory performance of Italian students with foreign language learning difficulties
    • Palladino, P., & Cornoldi, C. (2004). Working memory performance of Italian students with foreign language learning difficulties. Learning and individual differences, 14(3), 137-151.
    • (2004) Learning and individual differences , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 137-151
    • Palladino, P.1    Cornoldi, C.2
  • 58
    • 0001161645 scopus 로고
    • Phonological short-term memory and foreign-language vocabulary learning
    • Papagno, C., Valentine, T., & Baddeley, A. (1991). Phonological short-term memory and foreign-language vocabulary learning. Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 331-347.
    • (1991) Journal of Memory and Language , vol.30 , pp. 331-347
    • Papagno, C.1    Valentine, T.2    Baddeley, A.3
  • 59
    • 0002454536 scopus 로고
    • Phonological short-term memory and the learning of novel words: The effects of phonological similarity and item length
    • Papagno, C., & Vallar, G. (1992). Phonological short-term memory and the learning of novel words: The effects of phonological similarity and item length. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 44A, 47-67.
    • (1992) Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , vol.44 A , pp. 47-67
    • Papagno, C.1    Vallar, G.2
  • 61
    • 24944507585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synchronous CMC, working memory, and L2 oral proficiency development
    • Payne, J.S., & Ross, B.M. (2005). Synchronous CMC, working memory, and L2 oral proficiency development. Language Learning and Technology, 9(3), 35-54.
    • (2005) Language Learning and Technology , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 35-54
    • Payne, J.S.1    Ross, B.M.2
  • 63
    • 0037845761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aptitude, individual differences, and instructional design
    • P. Robinson Ed, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Sawyer, M., & Ranta, L. (2001). Aptitude, individual differences, and instructional design. In P. Robinson (Ed.), Cognition and second language instruction (pp. 319-353). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (2001) Cognition and second language instruction , pp. 319-353
    • Sawyer, M.1    Ranta, L.2
  • 64
    • 0026891062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Service, E. (1992). Phonology, working memory, and foreign-language learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A, 21-50.
    • Service, E. (1992). Phonology, working memory, and foreign-language learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 45A, 21-50.
  • 65
    • 84937289175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Service, E., & Kohonen, V. (1995). Is the relation between phonological memory and foreign language learning accounted for by vocabulary acquisition? Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 155-172.
    • Service, E., & Kohonen, V. (1995). Is the relation between phonological memory and foreign language learning accounted for by vocabulary acquisition? Applied Psycholinguistics, 16, 155-172.
  • 66
    • 26244455752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language awareness and its multiple possibilities for the L2 classroom
    • Simard, D., & Wong, W. (2004). Language awareness and its multiple possibilities for the L2 classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 37, 96-110.
    • (2004) Foreign Language Annals , vol.37 , pp. 96-110
    • Simard, D.1    Wong, W.2
  • 67
    • 0004236882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell
    • Snowling, M. (2000). Dyslexia (2nd ed.). Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
    • (2000) Dyslexia
    • Snowling, M.1
  • 68
    • 0000644452 scopus 로고
    • Positive evidence and pre-emption in the second language classroom
    • Trahey, M., & White, L. (1993). Positive evidence and pre-emption in the second language classroom. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 15, 181-204.
    • (1993) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.15 , pp. 181-204
    • Trahey, M.1    White, L.2
  • 69
    • 77749321546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wesche, M.B. (1981). Language aptitude measures in streaming, matching students with methods, and diagnosis of learning problems. In K. Diller (Ed.), Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude (pp. 119-154). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
    • Wesche, M.B. (1981). Language aptitude measures in streaming, matching students with methods, and diagnosis of learning problems. In K. Diller (Ed.), Individual differences and universals in language learning aptitude (pp. 119-154). Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
  • 70
    • 34548473125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in cortical activity after training of working memory: A single-subject analysis
    • Westerberg, H., & Klingberg, T. (2007). Changes in cortical activity after training of working memory: A single-subject analysis. Physiology and Behavior, 92(1-2), 186-192.
    • (2007) Physiology and Behavior , vol.92 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 186-192
    • Westerberg, H.1    Klingberg, T.2
  • 71
    • 0003059889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting the learner's attention: A typographical input enhancement study
    • C. Doughty & J. Williams Eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • White, J. (1998). Getting the learner's attention: A typographical input enhancement study. In C. Doughty & J. Williams (Eds.), Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition (pp. 85-113). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1998) Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition , pp. 85-113
    • White, J.1
  • 72
    • 19944375825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phonological memory and rule learning: II
    • Williams, J.N., & Lovatt, P.J. (2005). Phonological memory and rule learning: II. Language Learning, 55(1), 177-233.
    • (2005) Language Learning , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 177-233
    • Williams, J.N.1    Lovatt, P.J.2
  • 73
    • 85137112703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modality and attention to meaning and form in the input
    • Wong, W. (2001). Modality and attention to meaning and form in the input. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23, 345-368.
    • (2001) Studies in Second Language Acquisition , vol.23 , pp. 345-368
    • Wong, W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.