The Genetics of major depression: Moving beyond the monoamine hypothesis

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 125-140

  Shyn, Stanley I ^a   Hamilton, Steven P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Genetics; Genome wide association; Major depression

Indexed keywords

APOLIPOPROTEIN E; BRAIN DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR; CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR RECEPTOR 1; CYCLIN D2; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR KINASE 3; GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUBUNIT; MONOAMINE; SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; TRYPTOPHAN HYDROXYLASE 2;

ATYPICAL DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC RISK; HUMAN; INVOLUTIONAL DEPRESSION; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MONOAMINE METABOLISM; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUERPERAL DEPRESSION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; GENE EXPRESSION; GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY; HUMANS; LINKAGE (GENETICS); MONOAMINE OXIDASE; PHENOTYPE;

EID: 77049099103     PISSN: 0193953X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2009.10.004     Document Type: Review

References (75)

1. Kessler R.C., Berglund P., Demler O., et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005, 62(6):593-602.
2. Weissman M.M., Bland R., Joyce P.R., et al. Sex differences in rates of depression: cross-national perspectives. J Affect Disord 1993, 29(2-3):77-84.
3. World Health Organization The global burden of disease: a comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries, and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020; summary. Published by the Harvard School of Public Health on behalf of the World Health Organization and the World Bank 1996, Harvard University Press, Cambridge (MA), p. 43.
4. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV-TR 2000, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 4th edition.
5. Schildkraut J.J., Kety S.S. Biogenic amines and emotion. Science 1967, 156(771):21-37.
6. Deverteuil R.L., Lehmann H.E. Therapeutic trial of iproniazid (marsilid) in depressed and apathetic patients. Can Med Assoc J 1958, 78(2):131-133.
7. Kuhn R. The treatment of depressive states with G 22355 (imipramine hydrochloride). Am J Psychiatry 1958, 115(5):459-464.
8. Stahl S.M. Blue genes and the monoamine hypothesis of depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2000, 61(2):77-78.
9. Sullivan P.F., Neale M.C., Kendler K.S. Genetic epidemiology of major depression: review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2000, 157(10):1552-1562.
10. Holmans P., Zubenko G.S., Crowe R.R., et al. Genomewide significant linkage to recurrent, early-onset major depressive disorder on chromosome 15q. Am J Hum Genet 2004, 74(6):1154-1167.
11. Levinson D.F., Zubenko G.S., Crowe R.R., et al. Genetics of recurrent early-onset depression (GenRED): design and preliminary clinical characteristics of a repository sample for genetic linkage studies. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2003, 119B(1):118-130.
12. Krishnan V., Nestler E.J. The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature 2008, 455(7215):894-902.
13. Zeggini E., Scott L.J., Saxena R., et al. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association data and large-scale replication identifies additional susceptibility loci for type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet 2008, 40(5):638-645.
14. McGrath PJ, Miller JM. Anxious depression: concepts, significance, and treatment implications. In: Simpson HB, Neria Y, Lewis-Fernandez R, et al, editors. Understanding anxiety; in press.
15. Kendler K.S. The diagnostic validity of melancholic major depression in a population-based sample of female twins. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997, 54(4):299-304.
16. Thase M.E. Recognition and diagnosis of atypical depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2007, 68(Suppl 8):11-16.
17. Murphy-Eberenz K., Zandi P.P., March D., et al. Is perinatal depression familial?. J Affect Disord 2006, 90(1):49-55.
18. Jones I., Hamshere M., Nangle J.M., et al. Bipolar affective puerperal psychosis: genome-wide significant evidence for linkage to chromosome 16. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164(7):1099-1104.
19. Zinbarg R.E., Barlow D.H., Liebowitz M., et al. The DSM-IV field trial for mixed anxiety-depression. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151(8):1153-1162.
20. Weisberg R.B., Maki K.M., Culpepper L., et al. Is anyone really M.A.D.?: the occurrence and course of mixed anxiety-depressive disorder in a sample of primary care patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 2005, 193(4):223-230.
21. *D report. Am J Psychiatry 2008, 165(3):342-351.
22. Hettema J.M. What is the genetic relationship between anxiety and depression?. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2008, 148C(2):140-146.
23. Gottesman, Gould T.D. The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions. Am J Psychiatry 2003, 160(4):636-645.
24. Levinson D.F. The genetics of depression: a review. Biol Psychiatry 2006, 60(2):84-92.
25. Kendler K.S., Neale M.C., Kessler R.C., et al. A longitudinal twin study of personality and major depression in women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993, 50(11):853-862.
26. Hasler G., Drevets W.C., Manji H.K., et al. Discovering endophenotypes for major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2004, 29(10):1765-1781.
27. Mercuro G., Carpiniello B., Ruscazio M., et al. Association between psychiatric disorders and Marfan's syndrome in a large Sardinian family with a high prevalence of cardiac abnormalities. Clin Cardiol 1997, 20(3):243-245.
28. St Clair D., Blackwood D., Muir W., et al. Association within a family of a balanced autosomal translocation with major mental illness. Lancet 1990, 336(8706):13-16.
29. Levinson D.F., Evgrafov O.V., Knowles J.A., et al. Genetics of recurrent early-onset major depression (GenRED): significant linkage on chromosome 15q25-q26 after fine mapping with single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164(2):259-264.
30. Holmans P., Weissman M.M., Zubenko G.S., et al. Genetics of recurrent early-onset major depression (GenRED): final genome scan report. Am J Psychiatry 2007, 164(2):248-258.
31. Middeldorp C.M., Sullivan P.F., Wray N.R., et al. Suggestive linkage on chromosome 2, 8, and 17 for lifetime major depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009, 150B(3):352-358.
32. Verma R., Holmans P., Knowles J.A., et al. Linkage disequilibrium mapping of a chromosome 15q25-26 major depression linkage region and sequencing of NTRK3. Biol Psychiatry 2008, 63(12):1185-1189.
33. Cloninger C.R., Van Eerdewegh P., Goate A., et al. Anxiety proneness linked to epistatic loci in genome scan of human personality traits. Am J Med Genet 1998, 81(4):313-317.
34. Fullerton J., Cubin M., Tiwari H., et al. Linkage analysis of extremely discordant and concordant sibling pairs identifies quantitative-trait loci that influence variation in the human personality trait neuroticism. Am J Hum Genet 2003, 72(4):879-890.
35. Nash M.W., Huezo-Diaz P., Williamson R.J., et al. Genome-wide linkage analysis of a composite index of neuroticism and mood-related scales in extreme selected sibships. Hum Mol Genet 2004, 13(19):2173-2182.
36. Zubenko G.S., Maher B., Hughes H.B., et al. Genome-wide linkage survey for genetic loci that influence the development of depressive disorders in families with recurrent, early-onset, major depression. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2003, 123B(1):1-18.
37. Camp N.J., Lowry M.R., Richards R.L., et al. Genome-wide linkage analyses of extended Utah pedigrees identifies loci that influence recurrent, early-onset major depression and anxiety disorders. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005, 135B(1):85-93.
38. Lopez-Leon S., Janssens A.C., Gonzalez-Zuloeta Ladd A.M., et al. Meta-analyses of genetic studies on major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2008, 13(8):772-785.
39. Corder E.H., Saunders A.M., Strittmatter W.J., et al. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science 1993, 261(5123):921-923.
40. Slifer M.A., Martin E.R., Gilbert J.R., et al. Resolving the relationship between Apolipoprotein E and depression. Neurosci Lett 2009, 455(2):116-119.
41. Gaysina D., Cohen S., Craddock N., et al. No association with the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and major depressive disorder: results of the depression case control (DeCC) study and a meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008, 147B(6):699-706.
42. Chen L., Lawlor D.A., Lewis S.J., et al. Genetic association study of BDNF in depression: finding from two cohort studies and a meta-analysis. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008, 147B(6):814-821.
43. Chen C., Glatt S.J., Tsuang M.T. The tryptophan hydroxylase gene influences risk for bipolar disorder but not major depressive disorder: results of meta-analyses. Bipolar Disord 2008, 10(7):816-821.
44. Zhang X., Gainetdinov R.R., Beaulieu J.M., et al. Loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression. Neuron 2005, 45(1):11-16.
45. Glatt C.E., Carlson E., Taylor T.R., et al. Response to Zhang et al. (2005): loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression. Neuron 45, 11-16. Neuron 2005, 48(5):704-705. [author reply: 705-6].
46. Van Den Bogaert A., De Zutter S., Heyrman L., et al. Response to Zhang, et al (2005): loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression. Neuron 45, 11-16. Neuron 2005, 48(5):704. [author reply: 705-6].
47. Zhou Z., Peters E.J., Hamilton S.P., et al. Response to Zhang, et al. (2005): loss-of-function mutation in tryptophan hydroxylase-2 identified in unipolar major depression. Neuron 45, 11-16. Neuron 2005, 48(5):702-703. [author reply: 705-6].
48. International HapMap Consortium The International HapMap Project. Nature 2003, 426(6968):789-796.
49. Risch N., Merikangas K. The future of genetic studies of complex human diseases. Science 1996, 273(5281):1516-1517.
50. Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls. Nature 2007, 447(7145):661-678.
51. Sullivan P.F., de Geus E.J., Willemsen G., et al. Genome-wide association for major depressive disorder: a possible role for the presynaptic protein piccolo. Mol Psychiatry 2009, 14(4):359-375.
52. Cen X., Nitta A., Ibi D., et al. Identification of Piccolo as a regulator of behavioral plasticity and dopamine transporter internalization. Mol Psychiatry 2008, 13(4):349. 451-63.
53. Leal-Ortiz S., Waites C.L., Terry-Lorenzo R., et al. Piccolo modulation of Synapsin1a dynamics regulates synaptic vesicle exocytosis. J Cell Biol 2008, 181(5):831-846.
54. Tokoro T., Higa S., Deguchi-Tawarada M., et al. Localization of the active zone proteins CAST, ELKS, and Piccolo at neuromuscular junctions. Neuroreport 2007, 18(4):313-316.
55. Shibasaki T., Sunaga Y., Fujimoto K., et al. Interaction of ATP sensor, cAMP sensor, Ca2+ sensor, and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in insulin granule exocytosis. J Biol Chem 2004, 279(9):7956-7961.
56. Muglia P, Tozzi F, Galwey NW, et al. Genome-wide association study of recurrent major depressive disorder in two European case-control cohorts. Mol Psychiatry 2008 [Epub ahead of print].
57. Shi J, Potash JB, Knowles JA, et al. Genomewide association study of recurrent early-onset major depressive disorder. Mol Psychiatry, in press.
58. Shyn SI, Shi J, Potash JB, et al. Novel loci for major depression identified by genome-wide association study of STAR*D and meta-analysis of three studies. Mol Psychiatry 2009 [Epub ahead of print].
59. Sklar P., Smoller J.W., Fan J., et al. Whole-genome association study of bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2008, 13(6):558-569.
60. Zhou R., Yuan P., Wang Y., et al. Evidence for selective microRNAs and their effectors as common long-term targets for the actions of mood stabilizers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009, 34(6):1395-1405.
61. Palucha A., Klak K., Branski P., et al. Activation of the mGlu7 receptor elicits antidepressant-like effects in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007, 194(4):555-562.
62. Wieronska J.M., Klak K., Palucha A., et al. Citalopram influences mGlu7, but not mGlu4 receptors' expression in the rat brain hippocampus and cortex. Brain Res 2007, 1184:88-95.
63. Zhou X., Tang W., Greenwood T.A., et al. Transcription factor SP4 is a susceptibility gene for bipolar disorder. PLoS One 2009, 4(4):e5196.
64. Zhou X., Barrett T.B., Kelsoe J.R. Promoter variant in the GRK3 gene associated with bipolar disorder alters gene expression. Biol Psychiatry 2008, 64(2):104-110.
65. Zhou X., Qyang Y., Kelsoe J.R., et al. Impaired postnatal development of hippocampal dentate gyrus in Sp4 null mutant mice. Genes Brain Behav 2007, 6(3):269-276.
66. Zhou X., Long J.M., Geyer M.A., et al. Reduced expression of the Sp4 gene in mice causes deficits in sensorimotor gating and memory associated with hippocampal vacuolization. Mol Psychiatry 2005, 10(4):393-406.
67. Jacobs B.L., Praag H., Gage F.H. Adult brain neurogenesis and psychiatry: a novel theory of depression. Mol Psychiatry 2000, 5(3):262-269.
68. Barrett J.C., Hansoul S., Nicolae D.L., et al. Genome-wide association defines more than 30 distinct susceptibility loci for Crohn's disease. Nat Genet 2008, 40(8):955-962.
69. Ferreira M.A., O'Donovan M.C., Meng Y.A., et al. Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorder. Nat Genet 2008, 40(9):1056-1058.
70. Psychiatric GWAS Consortium Coordinating Committee, Cichon S., Craddock N., et al. Genomewide association studies: history, rationale, and prospects for psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2009, 166(5):540-556.
71. Caspi A., Sugden K., Moffitt T.E., et al. Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science 2003, 301(5631):386-389.
72. Bradley R.G., Binder E.B., Epstein M.P., et al. Influence of child abuse on adult depression: moderation by the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008, 65(2):190-200.
73. Gatt J.M., Nemeroff C.B., Dobson-Stone C., et al. Interactions between BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and early life stress predict brain and arousal pathways to syndromal depression and anxiety. Mol Psychiatry 2009, 14(7):681-695.
74. Munafo M.R., Durrant C., Lewis G., et al. Gene × environment interactions at the serotonin transporter locus. Biol Psychiatry 2009, 65(3):211-219.
75. Risch N., Herrell R., Lehner T., et al. Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: a meta-analysis. JAMA 2009, 301(23):2462-2471.