Implicit statistical learning in language processing: Word predictability is the key

Cognition

Volumn 114, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 356-371

  Conway, Christopher M ^a   Bauernschmidt, Althea ^b   Huang, Sean S ^c   Pisoni, David B ^d  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^d INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Implicit learning; Individual differences; Language processing; Speech perception; Statistical learning; Word predictability

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; INTELLIGENCE; LANGUAGE ABILITY; LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT; LANGUAGE PROCESSING; LEARNING; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT TERM MEMORY; SPEECH ARTICULATION; SPEECH PERCEPTION; WORKING MEMORY;

ADOLESCENT; DATA INTERPRETATION, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEARNING; LINGUISTICS; MALE; MODELS, PSYCHOLOGICAL; SPEECH PERCEPTION; VERBAL LEARNING; VOCABULARY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 76349102312     PISSN: 00100277     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.10.009     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Altmann G.T.M. Statistical learning in infants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (2002) 15250-15251
2. Baddeley A.D. Working memory (1986), Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK
3. Bar M. The proactive brain: Using analogies and associations to generate predictions. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 11 (2007) 280-289
4. Bernhardt B.M., Kemp N., and Werker J.F. Early word-object associations and later language development. First Language 27 (2007) 315-328
5. Bilger R.C., and Rabinowitz W.M. Relationships between high- and low-probability SPIN scores. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 65 S1 (1979) S99
6. Botvinick M.M. Effects of domain-specific knowledge on memory for serial order. Cognition 97 (2005) 135-151
7. Botvinick M.M., and Plaut D.C. Short-term memory for serial order: A recurrent neural network model. Psychological Review 113 (2006) 201-233
8. Casillas G. The insufficiency of three types of learning to explain language acquisition. Lingua 118 (2008) 636-641
9. Chambers K.E., Onishi K.H., and Fisher C. Infants learn phonotactic regularities from brief auditory experience. Cognition 87 (2003) B69-B77
10. Christiansen M.H., and Chater N. Toward a connectionist model of recursion in human linguistic performance. Cognitive Science 23 (1999) 157-205
11. Christiansen M.H., Conway C.M., and Onnis L. Neural responses to structural incongruencies in language and statistical learning point to similar underlying mechanisms. In: McNamara D.S., and Trafton J.G. (Eds). Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting of the cognitive science society (2007), Cognitive Science Society, Austin, TX 173-178
12. Cleeremans A. Mechanisms of implicit learning: Connectionist models of sequence learning (1993), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA
13. Clopper C.G., and Pisoni D.B. The nationwide speech project: A new corpus of American English dialects. Speech Communication 48 (2006) 633-644
14. Conway C.M., and Christiansen M.H. Modality-constrained statistical learning of tactile, visual, and auditory sequences. Journal of Experimental Psychology 31 (2005) 24-39
15. Conway C.M., and Christiansen M.H. Statistical learning within and between modalities: Pitting abstract against stimulus-specific representations. Psychological Science 17 (2006) 905-912
16. Conway C.M., Pisoni D.B., and Kronenberger W.G. The importance of sound for cognitive sequencing abilities: The auditory scaffolding hypothesis. Current Directions in Psychological Science 18 (2009) 275-279
17. Conway C.M., Karpicke J., and Pisoni D.B. Contribution of implicit sequence learning to spoken language processing: Some preliminary findings from normal-hearing adults. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 12 (2007) 317-334
18. Conway C.M., and Pisoni D.B. Neurocognitive basis of implicit learning of sequential structure and its relation to language processing. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1145 (2008) 113-131
19. Dell G.S., Reed K.D., Adams D.R., and Meyer A.S. Speech errors, phonotactic constraints, and implicit learning: A study of the role of experience in language production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 26 (2000) 1355-1367
20. Elliott L.L. Verbal auditory closure and the speech perception in noise (SPIN) test. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38 (1995) 1363-1376
21. Elman J.L. Finding structure in time. Cognitive Science 14 (1990) 179-211
22. Elman J.L. Learning and development in neural networks: The importance of starting small. Cognition 48 (1993) 71-99
23. Evans J.L., Saffran J.R., and Robe-Torres K. Statistical learning in children with specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 52 (2009) 321-335
24. Feldman J., Kerr B., and Streissguth A.P. Correlational analyses of procedural and declarative learning performance. Intelligence 20 (1995) 87-114
25. Frensch P.A., and Miner C.S. Effects of presentation rate and individual differences in short-term memory capacity on an indirect measure of serial learning. Memory and Cognition 22 1 (1994) 95-110
26. Friederici A.D., Steinhauer K., and Pfeifer E. Brain signatures of artificial language processing: Evidence challenging the critical period hypothesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 99 (2002) 529-534
27. Gathercole S.E., and Baddeley A.D. Evaluation of the role of phonological STM in the development of vocabulary in children: A longitudinal study. Journal of Memory and Language 28 (1989) 200-213
28. Golden C.J., and Freshwater S.M. The Stroop color and word test (2002), Wood Dale, IL, Stoelting Co.
29. Gomez R.L., and Gerken L. Infant artificial language learning and language acquisition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4 (2000) 178-186
30. Goschke T., Friederici A.D., Kotz S.A., and van Kampen A. Procedural learning in Broca's aphasia: Dissociation between the implicit acquisition of spatio-motor and phoneme sequences. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13 (2001) 370-388
31. Graf Estes K., Evans J.L., Alibali M.W., and Saffran J.R. Can infants map meaning to newly segmented words?. Psychological Science 18 (2007) 254-260
32. Grunow H., Spaulding T.J., Gómez R.L., and Plante E. The effects of variation on learning word order rules by adults with and without language-based learning disabilities. Journal of Communication Disorders 39 (2006) 158-170
33. Gupta P., and Dell G.S. The emergence of language from serial order and procedural memory. In: MacWhinney B. (Ed). The emergence of language (1999), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ 447-481
34. Hammill D.D., Brown V.L., Larsen S.C., and Wiederholt J.L. Test of adolescent and adult language: Assessing linguistic aspects of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. 3rd ed. (1994), Pro-Ed, Austin, TX
35. Howard Jr. J.H., Howard D.V., Japikse K.C., and Eden G.F. Dyslexics are impaired on implicit higher-order sequence learning, but not on implicit spatial context learning. Neuropsychologia 44 (2006) 1131-1144
36. Jamieson R.K., and Mewhort D.J.K. The influence of grammatical, local, and organizational redundancy on implicit learning: An analysis using information theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 31 (2005) 9-23
37. Kalikow D.N., Stevens K.N., and Elliott L.L. Development of a test of speech intelligibility in noise using sentence materials with controlled word predictability. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 61 (1977) 1337-1351
38. Kareev Y., Lieberman I., and Lev M. Through a narrow window: Sample size and the perception of correlation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 126 (1997) 278-287
39. Karpicke J.D., and Pisoni D.B. Using immediate memory span to measure implicit learning. Memory and Cognition 32 6 (2004) 956-964
40. Kirkham N.Z., Slemmer J.A., Richardson D.C., and Johnson S.P. Location, location, location: Development of spatiotemporal sequence learning in infancy. Child Development 78 (2007) 1559-1571
41. Kuhl P.K. Early language acquisition: Cracking the speech code. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 5 (2004) 831-843
42. McClelland J.L., Mirman D., and Holt L.L. Are there interactive processes in speech perception?. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2006) 363-369
43. Menghini D., Hagberg G.E., Caltagirone C., Petrosini L., and Vicari S. Implicit learning deficits in dyslexic adults: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 33 (2006) 1218-1226
44. Miller G.A., Heise G.A., and Lichten W. The intelligibility of speech as a function of the context of the test materials. Journal of Experimental Psychology 41 (1951) 329-335
45. Miller G.A., and Selfridge J.A. Verbal context and the recall of meaningful material. American Journal of Psychology 63 (1950) 176-185
46. Mirman D., Magnuson J.S., Graf Estes K., and Dixon J.A. The link between statistical segmentation and word learning in adults. Cognition 108 (2008) 271-280
47. Misyak J.B., and Christiansen M.H. Extending statistical learning farther and further: Long-distance dependencies and individual differences in statistical learning and language. In: McNamara D.S., and Trafton J.G. (Eds). Proceedings of the 29th annual meeting of the cognitive science society (2007), Cognitive Science Society, Austin, TX 1307-1312
48. Newman R., Bernstein Ratner N., Jusczyk A.M., Jusczyk P.W., and Dow K.A. Infants' early ability to segment the conversational speech signal predicts later language development: A retrospective analysis. Developmental Psychology 42 (2006) 643-655
49. Newport E.L. Maturational constraints on language learning. Cognitive Science 14 (1990) 11-28
50. Onnis, L., Farmer, T., Baroni, M., Christiansen, M.H., & Spivey, M. (2008). Generalizable distributional regularities aid fluent language processing: The case of semantic valence tendencies. In A. Lenci (Ed.), From context to meaning: Distributional models of the lexicon in linguistics and cognitive science (Special issue of the Italian Journal of Linguistics, 20, 129-156).
51. Pacton S., Perruchet P., Fayol M., and Cleeremans A. Implicit learning out of the lab: The case of orthographic regularities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 130 (2001) 401-426
52. Perruchet P., and Pacton S. Implicit learning and statistical learning: One phenomenon, two approaches. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 10 (2006) 233-238
53. Pisoni D.B. Word identification in noise. Language and Cognitive Processes 11 (1996) 681-687
54. Plante E., Gomez R., and Gerken L. Sensitivity to word order cues by normal and language/learning disabled adults. Journal of Communication Disorders 35 (2002) 453-462
55. Pothos E.M. Theories of artificial grammar learning. Psychological Bulletin 133 (2007) 227-244
56. Raven J., Raven J.C., and Court J.H. Standard progressive matrices (2000), San Antonio, TX, Harcourt Assessment
57. Reber A.S. Implicit learning of artificial grammars. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 6 (1967) 855-863
58. Reber A.S., Walkenfeld F.F., and Hernstadt R. Explicit and implicit learning: Individual differences and IQ. Journal of Experimental Psychology 17 (1991) 888-896
59. Redington M., and Chater N. Probabilistic and distributional approaches to language acquisition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 1 (1997) 273-281
60. Redington M., and Chater N. Knowledge representation and transfer in artificial grammar learning (AGL). In: French R.M., and Cleeremans A. (Eds). Implicit learning and consciousness: An empirical, philosophical, and computational consensus in the making (2002), Psychology Press, Hove, East Sussex 121-143
61. Rosen V.M., and Engle R.W. Forward and backward serial recall. Intelligence 25 (1997) 37-47
62. Rubenstein H. Language and probability. In: Miller G.A. (Ed). Communication, language, and meaning: Psychological perspectives (1973), Basic Books, New York 185-195
63. Saffran J.R. Statistical language learning: Mechanisms and constraints. Current Directions in Psychological Science 12 (2003) 110-114
64. Saffran J.R., Aslin R.N., and Newport E.L. Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science 274 (1996) 1926-1928
65. Tomblin J.B., Mainela-Arnold E., and Zhang X. Procedural learning in adolescents with and without specific language impairment. Language Learning and Development 3 (2007) 269-293
66. Tsao F.-M., Liu H.-M., and Kuhl P.K. Speech perception in infancy predicts language development in the second year of life: A longitudinal study. Child Development 75 (2004) 1067-1084
67. Turk-Browne N.B., Junge J.A., and Scholl B.J. The automaticity of visual statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 134 (2005) 522-564
68. Ullman M.T. Contributions of memory circuits to language: The declarative/procedural model. Cognition 92 (2004) 231-270
69. Vicari S., Marotta L., Menghini D., Molinari M., and Petrosini L. Implicit learning deficit in children with developmental dyslexia. Neuropsychologia 41 (2003) 108-114
70. Wechsler D. Wechsler intelligence scale for children. 3rd ed. (1991), The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio, TX