Portal vein thrombosis, revisited

Digestive and Liver Disease

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2010, Pages 163-170

  Primignani, Massimo ^a  

^a FONDAZIONE IRCCS CA GRANDA OSPEDALE MAGGIORE POLICLINICO   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anticoagulation; Cirrhosis; Portal vein thrombosis; Thrombophilia

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTICOAGULANT AGENT; ANTIVITAMIN K; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; FIBRINOLYTIC AGENT; HEPARIN; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; PROPRANOLOL; URSODEOXYCHOLIC ACID; VASOCONSTRICTOR AGENT;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADULT DISEASE; ASCITES; BILE DUCT DISEASE; BLEEDING; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CHRONIC DRUG ADMINISTRATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EARLY INTERVENTION; ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY; ESOPHAGUS VARICES BLEEDING; GASTRIC BANDING; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; HUMAN; HYPERCOAGULABILITY; INTESTINE INFARCTION; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; LIVER HEMORRHAGE; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PORTAL HYPERTENSION; PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; RADIODIAGNOSIS; RECANALIZATION; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SHORT SURVEY; STENT; SURGICAL THROMBECTOMY; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; THROMBOPHILIA; THROMBOSIS; TRANSJUGULAR INTRAHEPATIC PORTOSYSTEMIC SHUNT; TREATMENT PLANNING; UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING;

ADULT; ANTICOAGULANTS; CHILD; HUMANS; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; PORTAL VEIN; RISK FACTORS; THROMBOPHILIA; VENOUS THROMBOSIS;

EID: 76049123173     PISSN: 15908658     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2009.08.003     Document Type: Short Survey

References (88)

1. Sarin S.K., and Agarwal S.R. Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Semin Liver Dis 22 (2002) 43-58
2. Valla D.C., and Condat B. Portal vein thrombosis in adults: pathophysiology, pathogenesis and management. J Hepatol 32 (2000) 865-871
3. Denninger M.H., Chait Y., Casadevall N., et al. Cause of portal or hepatic venous thrombosis in adults: the role of multiple concurrent factors. Hepatology 31 (2000) 587-591
4. Janssen H.L., Meinardi J.R., Vleggaar F.P., et al. Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, and deficiencies in coagulation inhibitors associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: results of a case-control study. Blood 96 (2000) 2364-2368
5. Bombeli T., Basic A., and Fehr J. Prevalence of hereditary thrombophilia in patients with thrombosis in different venous systems. Am J Hematol 70 (2002) 126-132
6. Bhattacharyya M., Makharia G., Kannan M., et al. Inherited prothrombotic defects in Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal vein thrombosis: a study from North India. Am J Clin Pathol 121 (2004) 844-847
7. Primignani M., Martinelli I., Bucciarelli P., et al. Risk factors for thrombophilia in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Hepatology 41 (2005) 603-608
8. Plessiér A., Murad S.D., Hernandez-Guerra M., et al. A prospective multicentric follow-up study on 105 patients with acute portal vein thrombosis (PVT): results from the European Network for Vascular Disorders of the Liver (EN-VIE). Hepatology 46 S1 (2007) 310A
9. Fisher N.C., Wilde J.T., Roper J., et al. Deficiency of natural anticoagulant proteins C, S, and antithrombin in portal vein thrombosis: a secondary phenomenon?. Gut 46 (2000) 534-539
10. Robson S.C., Kahn D., Kruskal J., et al. Disordered hemostasis in extrahepatic portal hypertension. Hepatology 18 (1993) 853-857
11. Martinelli I., Primignani M., Aghemo A., et al. High levels of factor VIII and risk of extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction. J Hepatol 50 (2009) 916-922
12. Mangia A., Margaglione M., Cascavilla I., et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in patients with liver disease. Am J Gastroenterol 94 (1999) 2983-2987
13. Valla D., Casadevall N., Huisse M.G., et al. Etiology of portal vein thrombosis in adults. A prospective evaluation of primary myeloproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology 94 (1988) 1063-1069
14. Chait Y., Condat B., Cazals-Hatem D., et al. Relevance of the criteria commonly used to diagnose myeloproliferative disorders in patients with splanchnic vein thrombosis. Br J Haematol 129 (2005) 553-560
15. Hirshberg B., Shouval D., Fibach E., et al. Flow cytometric analysis of autonomous growth of erythroid precursors in liquid culture detects occult polycythemia vera in the Budd-Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol 32 (2000) 574-578
16. De Stefano V., Teofili L., Leone G., et al. Spontaneous erythroid colony formation as the clue to an underlying myeloproliferative disorder in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost 23 (1997) 411-418
17. Dayal S., Pati H.P., Pande G.K., et al. Multilineage hemopoietic stem cell defects in Budd Chiari syndrome. J Hepatol 26 (1997) 293-297
18. Georgii A., Buhr T., Buesche G., et al. Classification and staging of Ph-negative myeloproliferative disorders by histopathology from bone marrow biopsies. Leuk Lymphoma 22 Suppl. 1 (1996) 15-29
19. Thiele J., Kvasnicka H.M., and Diehl V. Bone marrow features of diagnostic impact in erythrocytosis. Ann Hematol 84 (2005) 362-367
20. Thiele J., and Kwasnicka H.M. Chronic myeloproliferative disorders with thrombocythemia: a comparative study of two classification systems (PVSG, WHO) on 839 patients. Ann Hematol 82 (2003) 148-152
21. James C., Ugo V., Le Couédic J.P., et al. A unique clonal JAK2 mutation leading to constitutive signalling causes polycythaemia vera. Nature 434 (2005) 1144-1148
22. Kralovics R., Passamonti F., Buser A.S., et al. A gain-of-function mutation of JAK2 in myeloproliferative disorders. N Engl J Med 352 (2005) 1779-1790
23. Baxter E.J., Scott L.M., Campbell P.J., et al. Acquired mutation of the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in human myeloproliferative disorders. Lancet 365 (2005) 1054-1061
24. Levine R.L., Wadleigh M., Cools J., et al. Activating mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 in polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. Cancer Cell 7 (2005) 387-397
25. Zhao R., Xing S., Li Z., et al. Identification of an acquired JAK2 mutation in polycythemia vera. J Biol Chem 280 (2005) 22788-22792
26. Jones A.V., Kreil S., Zoi K., et al. Widespread occurrence of the JAK2 V617F mutation in chronic myeloproliferative disorders. Blood 106 (2005) 2162-2168
27. Tefferi A., Thiele J., Orazi A., et al. Proposals and rationale for revision of the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and primary myelofibrosis: recommendations from an ad hoc international expert panel. Blood 110 (2007) 1092-1097
28. Kiladjian J.J., Cervantes F., Leebeek F.W., et al. The impact of JAK2 and MPL mutations on diagnosis and prognosis of splanchnic vein thrombosis. A report on 241 cases. Blood 111 (2008) 4922-4929
29. Primignani M., Barosi G., Bergamaschi G., et al. Role of the JAK2 mutation in the diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disorders in splanchnic vein thrombosis. Hepatology 44 (2006) 1528-1534
30. Scott L.M., Tong W., Levine R.L., et al. JAK2 exon 12 mutations in polycythemia vera and idiopathic erythrocytosis. N Engl J Med 356 (2007) 459-468
31. Pikman Y., Lee B.H., Mercher T., et al. MPLW515L is a novel somatic activating mutation in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. PLoS Med 3 (2006) e270
32. Pardanani A.D., Levine R.L., Lasho T., et al. A. MPL515 mutations in myeloproliferative and other myeloid disorders: a study of 1182 patients. Blood 108 (2006) 3472-3476
33. Colaizzo D., Amitrano L., Tiscia G.L., et al. A new JAK2 gene mutation in patients with polycythemia vera and splanchnic vein thrombosis. Blood 110 (2007) 2768-2769
34. Bergamaschi G., Primignani M., Barosi G., et al. MPL and JAK2 exon 12 mutations in patients with the Budd-Chiari sindrome or extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Blood 111 (2008) 4418-4419
35. Tripodi A., Salerno F., Chantarangkul V., et al. Evidence of normal thrombin generation in cirrhosis despite abnormal conventional coagulation tests. Hepatology 41 (2005) 553-558
36. Tripodi A., Primignani M., Chantarangkul V., et al. Thrombin generation in patients with cirrhosis: the role of platelets. Hepatology 44 (2006) 440-445
37. Søgaard K.K., Horvàht-Puhò E., Grønbaek H., et al. Risk of venous thromboembolism in patients with liver disease: a nationwide population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 104 (2009) 96-101
38. Okuda k, Ohnishi K., Kimura K., et al. Incidence of portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis. An angiographic study in 708 patients. Gastroenterology 89 (1985) 279-286
39. Francoz C., Belghiti J., Vilgrain V., et al. Splanchnic vein thrombosis in candidates for liver transplantation: usefulness of screening and anticoagulation. Gut 54 (2005) 691-697
40. Amitrano L., Guardascione M.A., Brancaccio V., et al. Risk factors and clinical presentation of portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol 40 (2004) 736-741
41. Amitrano L., Brancaccio V., Guardascione M.A., et al. Inherited coagulation disorders in cirrhotic patients with portal vein thrombosis. Hepatology 31 (2000) 345-348
42. Grendell J.H., and Ockner R.K. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. Gastroenterology 82 (1982) 358-372
43. de Franchis R. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol 43 (2005) 167-176
44. Amitrano L., Guardascione M.A., Scaglione M., et al. Prognostic factors in noncirrhotic patients with splanchnic vein thromboses. Am J Gastroenterol 102 (2007) 2464-2470
45. Merkel C., Bolognesi M., Bellon S., et al. Long-term follow-up study of adult patients with non-cirrhotic obstruction of the portal system: comparison with cirrhotic patients. J Hepatol 15 (1992) 299-303
46. Dilawari J.B., and Chawla Y.K. Pseudosclerosing cholangitis in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Gut 33 (1992) 272-276
47. Khuroo M.S., Yattoo G.N., Zargar S.A., et al. Biliary abnormalities associated with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Hepatology 17 (1993) 807-813
48. Dhiman R.K., Puri P., Chawla Y., et al. Biliary changes in extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: compression by collaterals or ischemic?. Gastrointest Endosc 50 (1999) 646-652
49. Condat B., Vilgrain V., Asselah T., et al. Portal cavernoma-associated cholangiopathy: a clinical and MR cholangiography coupled with MR portography imaging study. Hepatology 37 (2003) 1302-1308
50. Malkan G.H., Bhatia S.J., Bashir K., et al. Cholangiopathy associated with portal hypertension: diagnostic evaluation and clinical implications. Gastrointest Endosc 49 (1999) 344-348
51. Gauthier-Villars M., Franchi S., Gauthier F., et al. Cholestasis in children with portal vein obstruction. J Pediatr 146 (2005) 568-573
52. Minguez B., Garcia-Pagan J.C., Bosch J., et al. Noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis exhibits neuropsychological and MR changes consistent with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Hepatology 43 (2006) 707-714
53. Sarin S.K., Bansal A., Sasan S., et al. Portal-vein obstruction in children leads to growth retardation. Hepatology 15 (1992) 229-233
54. Bellomo - Brandao M.A., Morcillo A.M., et al. Growth assessment in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and portal hypertension. Arq Gastroenterol 40 (2003) 247-250
55. Mitra S.K., Kumar V., Datta D.V., et al. Extrahepatic portal hypertension: a review of 70 cases. J Pediatr Surg 13 (1978) 51-57
56. Cohen J., Edelman R.R., and Chopra S. Portal vein thrombosis: a review. Am J Med 92 (1992) 173-182
57. Tublin M.E., Dodd III G.D., and Baron R.L. Benign and malignant poral vein thrombosis: differentiation by CT characteristics. Am J Roentgenol 168 (1997) 719-723
58. Rossi S., Rosa L., Ravetta V., et al. Contrast-enhanced versus conventional and color Doppler sonography for the detection of thrombosis of the portal and hepatic venous system. Am J Roentgenol 186 (2006) 763-773
59. Van G.D., Avni E.F., Delcour C., et al. Sonographic features of portal vein thrombosis. Am J Roentgenol 144 (1985) 749-752
60. Chou C.K., Mak C.W., Tzeng W.S., et al. CT of small bowel ischemia. Abdom Imaging 29 (2004) 18-22
61. Sarin S.K., Sollano J.D., Chawla Y.K., et al. Consensus on extra-hepatic portal vein obstruction. Liver Int 26 (2006) 512-519
62. Baril N., Wren S., Radin R., et al. The role of anticoagulation in pylephlebitis. Am J Surg 172 (1996) 449-452
63. De Leve L.D., Valla D.C., and Garcia-Tsao G. Vascular disorders of the liver. Hepatology 49 (2009) 1729-1764
64. Condat B., Pessione F., Hillaire S., et al. Current outcome of portal vein thrombosis in adults: risk and benefit of anticoagulant therapy. Gastroenterology 129 (2001) 490-497
65. Lopera J.E., Correa G., Brazzini A., et al. Percutaneous transhepatic treatment of symptomatic mesenteric venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg 36 (2002) 1058-1061
66. Aytekin C., Boyvat F., Kurt A., et al. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with transjugular access in portal vein thrombosis secondary to pancreatitis. Eur J Radiol 39 (2001) 80-82
67. Hollingshead M., Burke C.T., Mauro M.A., et al. Transcatheter thrombolytic therapy for acute mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 16 (2005) 651-656
68. Kumar R., Sarr M., and Kamath P.S. Mesenteric venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med 345 (2001) 1683-1688
69. Orr D.W., Harrisson P.M., Karani J., et al. Chronic portomesenteric and portosplenomesenteric venous thrombosis: evaluation of long term follow-up and determinants of survival. Hepatology 42 (2005) 212A
70. Senzolo M., Tibbals J., Cholongitas E., et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for portal vein thrombosis with and without cavernous transformation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 23 (2006) 767-775
71. Warren W.D., Henderson J.M., Millikan W.J., et al. Management of variceal bleeding in patients with noncirrhotic portal vein thrombosis. Ann Surg 207 (1988) 623-634
72. Orloff M.J., Orloff M.S., Girard B., et al. Bleeding esophagogastric varices from extrahepatic portal hypertension: 40 years' experience with portal-systemic shunt. J Am Coll Surg 194 (2002) 717-728
73. de Ville de Goyet J., Alberti D., Clapuyt P., et al. Direct bypassing of extrahepatic portal venous obstruction in children: a new technique for combined hepatic portal revascularization and treatment of extrahepatic portal hypertension. J Pediatr Surg 33 (1998) 597-601
74. Sezgin O., Oguz D., Altintas E., et al. Endoscopic management of biliary obstruction caused by cavernous transformation of the portal vein. Gastrointest Endosc 58 (2003) 602-608
75. Dumortier J., Vaillant E., Boillot O., et al. Diagnosis and treatment of biliary obstruction caused by portal cavernoma. Endoscopy 35 (2003) 446-450
76. Chaudhary A., Dhar P., Sarin S.K., et al. Bile duct obstruction due to portal biliopathy in extrahepatic portal hypertension: surgical management. Br J Surg 85 (1998) 326-329
77. Hajdu C.H., Murakami T., Diflo T., et al. Intrahepatic portal cavernoma as an indication for liver transplantation. Liver Transplant 13 (2007) 1312-1316
78. Janssen H.L., Wijnhoud A., Haagsma E.B., et al. Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: aetiology and determinants of survival. Gut 49 (2001) 720-724
79. Lendoire J., Raffin G., Cejas N., et al. Liver transplantation in adult patients with portal vein thrombosis: risk factors, management and outcome. HPB (Oxf) 9 (2007) 352-356
80. Yerdel M.A., Gunson B., Mirza D., et al. Portal vein thrombosis in adults undergoing liver transplantation: risk factors, screening, management, and outcome. Transplantation 69 (2000) 1873-1881
81. Llado L., Fabregat J., Castellote J., et al. Management of portal vein thrombosis in liver transplantation: influence on morbidity and mortality. Clin Transplant 21 (2007) 716-721
82. Bauer J., Johnson S., Durham J., et al. The role of TIPS for portal vein patency in liver transplant patients with portal vein thrombosis. Liver Transplant 12 (2006) 1554-1561
83. Liatsos C., Vlachogiannakos J., Patch D., et al. Successful recanalization of portal vein thrombosis before liver transplantation using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. Liver Transplant 7 (2001) 453-460
84. Rangari M., Gupta R., Jain M., et al. Hepatic dysfunction in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction. Liver Int 23 (2003) 434-439
85. Mack C.L., Superina R.A., and Whitington P.F. Surgical restoration of portal flow corrects procoagulant and anticoagulant deficiencies associated with extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis. J Pediatr 142 (2003) 197-199
86. Mack C.L., Zelko F.A., Lokar J., et al. Surgically restoring portal blood flow to the liver in children with primary extra-hepatic portal vein thrombosis improves fluid neurocognitive ability. Pediatrics 117 (2006) e405-e412
87. Zhang M., Guo C., Pu C., et al. Adult to pediatric living donor liver transplantation for portal cavernoma. Hepatol Res (2009) [Epub ahead of print]
88. Zargar S.A., Javid G., Khan B.A., et al. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Hepatology 6 (2002) 666-672