The elaboration of a critical framework for understanding cancer: The cancer stem cell hypothesis

Pathology

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 105-112

  Hemmings, Chris ^a,b  

^a CANBERRA HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Cancer; Cancer initiating cells; Niche; Stem cell; Tumour stroma; Tumourigenesis

Indexed keywords

EID: 75649119291     PISSN: 00313025     EISSN: 14653931     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00313020903488773     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Moltzahn F, Volkmer J, Rottke D, Ackermann R. "Cancer stem cells" - lessons from Hercules to fight the Hydra. Urol Oncol 2008; 26: 581-589
2. Virchow R. Cellular Pathology. Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med 1855; 8: 3-39.
3. Cohnheim J. Ueber entzundung und eiterung. Path Anat Physiol Klin Med 1867; 40: 1-79.
4. Sell S. Stem cell origin of cancer and differentiation therapy. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2004; 51: 1-28.
5. Houghton J, Morozov A, Smirnova I, Wang T. Stem cells and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2007; 17: 191-203.
6. Spillane J, Henderson M. Cancer stem cells: a review. ANZ J Surg 2007; 77: 464-468
7. Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon R, et al. Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature 2006; 444: 756-760
8. Liu G, Yuan X, Zeng Z, et al. Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer 2006; 5: 67.
9. Huang E, Heidt D, Li C, Simeone D. Cancer stem cells: a new paradigm for understanding tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Surgery 2007; 141: 415-419
10. Martinez-Climent J, Andreu E, Prosper F. Somatic stem cells and the origin of cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2006; 8: 647-663
11. Gudjonsson T, Magnusson M. Stem cell biology and the cellular pathways of carcinogenesis. APMIS 2005; 113: 922-929
12. Furth J, Kahn M. The transmission of leukemia in mice with a single cell. Am J Cancer 1937; 31: 276-282
13. Park C, Bergsagel D, McCulloch E. Mouse myeloma tumor stem cells: a primary cell culture assay. J Natl Cancer Inst 1971; 46: 411-422
14. Bonnett D, Dick J. Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med 1997; 3: 730-737
15. Al-Hajj M, Wicha M, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison S, Clarke M. Prospective identification of tumourigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003; 100: 3983-3988 (Pubitemid 36418143)
16. Fillmore C, Kuperwasser C. Human breast cancer cell lines contain stem-like cells that self-renew, give rise to phenotypically diverse progeny and survive chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2008; 10: R25.
17. Singh S, Hawkins C, Clarke I, et al. Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 2004; 432: 396-401.
18. Beier D, Hau P, Proescholdt M, et al. CD133+ and CD1337 glioblastoma-derived cancer stem cells show differential growth characteristics and molecular profiles. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 4010-4015
19. O'Brien C, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick J. A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature 2007; 445: 106-110
20. Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi D, Pilozzi E, et al. Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature 2007; 445: 111-115
21. Shmelkov S, Butler J, Hooper A, et al. CD133 expression is not restricted to stem cells, and both CD133+ and CD1337 metastatic colon cancer cells initiate tumors. J Clin Invest 2008; 118: 2111-2124
22. Dalerba P, Dylla S, Park I, et al. Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007; 104: 10158-10163
23. Barker N, van Es J, Kuipers J, et al. Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5. Nature 2007; 449: 1003-1008
24. Haegebarth A, Clevers H. Wnt signaling, Lgr5, and stem cells in the intestine and skin. Am J Pathol 2009; 174: 715-21.
25. Miki J, Furusato B, Li H, et al. Identification of putative stem cell markers, CD133 and CXCR4, in hTERT-immortalised primary nonmalignant and malignant tumor-derived human prostate epithelial cell lines and in prostate cancer specimens. Cancer Res 2007; 67: 3153-3161
26. Hermann P, Huber S, Herrier T, et al. Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell 2007; 1: 313-323
27. Schatton T, Murphy G, Frank N, et al. Identification of cells initiating human melanomas. Nature 2008; 451: 345-349
28. Chiou S, Kao C, Chen Y, et al. Identification of CD133-positive radioresistant cells in atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor. PLoS One 2008; 3: e2090.
29. Alison M, Islam S, Lim S. Stem cells in liver regeneration, fibrosis and cancer: the good, the bad and the ugly. J Pathol 2009; 217: 282-298
30. Snyder J, Teisanu R, Stripp B. Endogenous lung stem cells and contribution to disease. J Pathol 2009; 217: 254-264
31. Walker M, Patel K, Stappenbeck T. The stem cell niche. J Pathol 2009; 217: 169-180
32. Calabrese C, Poppleton H, Kocak M, et al. A perivascular niche for brain tumor stem cells. Cancer Cell 2007; 11: 69-82.
33. Zhang J, Niu C, Ye L, et al. Identification of the haematopoietic stem cell niche and control of the niche size. Nature 2003; 425: 836-841
34. Galli R, Borello U, Gritti A, et al. Skeletal myogenic potential of human and mouse neural stem cells. Nat Neurosci 2000; 3: 986-991
35. Howe J, Roth S, Ringold J, et al. Mutations in the SMAD4/DPC4 gene in juvenile polyposis. Science 1998; 280: 1086-1088 (Pubitemid 28234951)
36. Sneddon J, Werb Z. Location, location, location: the cancer stem cell niche. Cell Stem Cell 2007; 1: 607-611
37. Reya T, Clevers H. Wnt signalling in stem cells and cancer. Nature 2005; 434: 843-850 (Pubitemid 40558990)
38. Taipale J, Beachy P. The Hedgehog and Wnt signaling pathways in cancer. Nature 2001; 411: 349-354
39. Sjolund J, Manetopoulos C, Stockhausen M, Axelson H. The Notch pathway in cancer: differentiation gone awry. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41: 2620-2629
40. Dylla SJ, Beviglia L, Park IK, et al. Colorectal cancer stem cells are enriched in xenogeneic tumors following chemotherapy. PLos One 2008; 3: e2428.
41. Todaro M, Alea M, di Stefano A, et al. Colon cancer stem cells dictate tumor growth and resist cell death by production of interleukin-4. Cell Stem Cell 2007; 1: 389-402.
42. Wang S, Yang D, Lippman M. Targeting Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL with nonpeptidic small-molecule antagonists. Semin Oncol 2003; 30 (Suppl): 133-142
43. Fan X, Matsui W, Khaki L, et al. Notch pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cells and blocks engraftment in embryonal brain tumors. Cancer Res 2006; 66: 7445-7452
44. Hoey T, Yen W, Axelrod F, et al. DLL4 blockade inhibits tumor growth and reduces tumor-initiating cell frequency. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5: 168-177
45. Yu J, Vodyanik M, Smuga-Otto K, et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells. Science 2007; 318: 1917-1929
46. Quintana E, Shackleton M, Sabel M, et al. Efficient tumour formation by single human melanoma cells. Nature 2008; 456: 593-598
47. Visvader J, Lindeman G. Cancer stem cells in solid tumours: accumulating evidence and unresolved questions. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8: 755-768
48. Lim E, Vaillant F, Wu D, et al. Aberrant luminal progenitors as the candidate target population for basal tumor development in brca1 mutation carriers. Nat Med 2009; 15: 907-913
49. Breitman T, Gallo R. New facts and speculations on human myeloid leukemias. Blood Cells 1981; 7: 79-89.
50. Lagasse E. Cancer stem cells with genetic instability: the best vehicle with the best engine for cancer. Gene Ther 2008; 15: 136-142
51. Moinfar F, Man Y, Arnould L, Bratthauer G, Ratschek M, Tavassoli F. Concurrent and independent genetic alterations in the stromal and epithelial cells of mammary carcinoma: implications for tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 2562-2566
52. Witkiewicz A, Dasgupta A, Sotgia F, et al. An absence of stromal caveolin-1 expression predicts early tumor recurrence and poor clinical outcome in human breast cancers. Am J Pathol 2009; 174: 2023-2034
53. Holtzer H, Abbott J, Lash J, Holtzer S. The loss of phenotypic traits by differentiated cells in vitro. I. Dedifferentiation of cartilage cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1960; 46: 1533-1542
54. Guilak F, Cohen D, Estes B, et al. Control of stem cell fate by physical interactions with the extracellular matrix. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5: 17-26.
55. Radisky D, LaBarge M. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the stem cell phenotype. Cell Stem Cell 2008; 2: 511-512
56. Mani S, Guo W, Liao M, et al. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition generates cells with properties of stem cells. Cell 2008; 133: 704-715