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Even for Cu-catalyzed systems, studies to date have focused largely on the reactions of primary allylic electrophiles that give terminal alkenes. For reviews of enantioselective allylic substitutions catalyzed by chiral copper complexes, see: (a) Yorimitsu, H.; Oshima, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2005, 44, 4435-4439.
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The reaction of MeCu(CN)Li and cis-1-D-5-methyl-2- cyclohexenyl acetate, which is a regiochemically unbiased substrate, showed 96:4 γ/α-selectivity: See ref 26b. For selected papers on γ-selective and stereoselective allylic substitution reactions with stoichiometric alkylcopper(I) reagents with excellent 1,3-chirality transfer, see: (a) Yanagisawa, A.; Nomura, N.; Noritake, Y.; Yamamoto, H. Synthesis 1991, 1130-1136.
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When either arylcopper reagents or cinnamyl alcohol derivatives were employed, the γ-selectivity is considerably reduced. See: refs 5c and 29. For allylic substitution reactions with stoichiometric arylcopper(I) reagents with excellent γ-selectivity, see: (a) Harrington-Frost, N.; Leuser, H.; Calaza, M. I.; Kneisel, F. F.; Knochel, P. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 2111-2114.
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When either arylcopper reagents or cinnamyl alcohol derivatives were employed, the γ-selectivity is considerably reduced. See: refs 5c and 29. For allylic substitution reactions with stoichiometric arylcopper(I) reagents with excellent γ-selectivity, see: (a) Harrington-Frost, N.; Leuser, H.; Calaza, M. I.; Kneisel, F. F.; Knochel, P. Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 2111-2114.
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Recently, Tomioka et al. reported the highly γ-selective, enantioselective substitution of cinnamyl bromides with aryl Grignard reagents. See: Selim, K. B.; Matsumoto, Y.; Yamada, K.; Tomioka, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8733-8735.
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(c) Recently, Tomioka et al. reported the highly γ-selective, enantioselective substitution of cinnamyl bromides with aryl Grignard reagents. See: Selim, K. B.; Matsumoto, Y.; Yamada, K.; Tomioka, K. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 8733-8735.
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The stereospeci-ficity of the Rh catalysis has been explained based on the [σ+π] nature of the allyl (enyl) ligand
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(f) Ashfeld, B. L.; Miller, K. A.; Martin, S. F. Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 1321-1324. The stereospeci-ficity of the Rh catalysis has been explained based on the [σ+π] nature of the allyl (enyl) ligand.
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For Ru-catalyzed α-selective allylic substitution with soft carbon nucleophiles, see
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For Fe-catalyzed α-selective allylic substitutions with soft carbon nucleophiles, see: a
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For Fe-catalyzed α-selective allylic substitutions with soft carbon nucleophiles, see: (a) Yanagisawa, A.; Nomura, N.; Yamamoto, H. Synlett 1991, 513-514.
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For studies in this line [Cu-catalyzed γ-selective allylic and propargylic substitutions with bis(pinacolato)diboron], see: (a) Ito, H.; Kawakami, C.; Sawamura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16034-16035.
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For studies in this line [Cu-catalyzed γ-selective allylic and propargylic substitutions with bis(pinacolato)diboron], see: (a) Ito, H.; Kawakami, C.; Sawamura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 16034-16035.
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Part of this work was communicated. See: Ohmiya, H.; Makida, Y.; Tanaka, T.; Sawamura, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 17276-17277.
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74949119550
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Pd-catalyzed γ-selective allyl-aryl coupling between aryl iodides and allylic acetates has been reported. However, the reaction required harsh conditions (typically 180 °C) and was not stereoselective. See: (a) Mariamphillai, B, Herse, C, Lautens, M. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4745-4747
-
Pd-catalyzed γ-selective allyl-aryl coupling between aryl iodides and allylic acetates has been reported. However, the reaction required harsh conditions (typically 180 °C) and was not stereoselective. See: (a) Mariamphillai, B.; Herse, C.; Lautens, M. Org. Lett. 2005, 7, 4745-4747.
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34
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74949115536
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Maddaford et al. reported the palladium-catalyzed C-glycosidation of peracetylated glycals (γ-substitution of γ-alkoxy-substituted allylic acetates with anti-stereochemistry) with arylboronic acids. This reaction goes through a (π-allyl)palladium(II) intermediate. Regioselectivity is controlled by the electronic effect of the oxygen functionality and is limited to this specific substrate class. See:Ramanauth, J.; Poulin, O.; Rakhit, S.; Maddaford, S. P. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 2013-2015.
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Maddaford et al. reported the palladium-catalyzed C-glycosidation of peracetylated glycals (γ-substitution of γ-alkoxy-substituted allylic acetates with anti-stereochemistry) with arylboronic acids. This reaction goes through a (π-allyl)palladium(II) intermediate. Regioselectivity is controlled by the electronic effect of the oxygen functionality and is limited to this specific substrate class. See:Ramanauth, J.; Poulin, O.; Rakhit, S.; Maddaford, S. P. Org. Lett. 2001, 3, 2013-2015.
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For rhodium-catalyzed allyl-aryl couplings between cis-4- cyclopenten-1,3-diol derivatives and arylboron compounds that afforded trans-2-aryl-3-cyclopenten-1-ol derivatives, see: (a) Menard, F.; Chapman, T. M.; Dockendorff, C.; Lautens, M. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 4569-4572.
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For rhodium-catalyzed allyl-aryl couplings between cis-4- cyclopenten-1,3-diol derivatives and arylboron compounds that afforded trans-2-aryl-3-cyclopenten-1-ol derivatives, see: (a) Menard, F.; Chapman, T. M.; Dockendorff, C.; Lautens, M. Org. Lett. 2006, 8, 4569-4572.
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For palladium-catalyzed oxidative Mizoroki-Heck-type reactions of allylic acetates with arylboronic acids, see: (a) Delcamp, J. H, White, M. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15076-15077
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For palladium-catalyzed oxidative Mizoroki-Heck-type reactions of allylic acetates with arylboronic acids, see: (a) Delcamp, J. H.; White, M. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 15076-15077.
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For γ-selective allylic substitution reactions with stoichiometric arylcopper(I) reagents with excellent 1,3-chirality transfer, see: refs 6a and 6b.
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74949114061
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1H NMR and GC analysis of the crude product, using the corresponding α-isomer (3f) as a reference compound.
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1H NMR and GC analysis of the crude product, using the corresponding α-isomer (3f) as a reference compound.
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74949108627
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Reducing the amount of phenylboronic acid (2a) decreased the yield of the coupling product 3a under otherwise identical conditions.
-
Reducing the amount of phenylboronic acid (2a) decreased the yield of the coupling product 3a under otherwise identical conditions.
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
74949121032
-
-
For Schemes 2 and 3 and Tables 2 and 3, the crude materials after removal of the catalyst and boron compounds consisted of the coupling product, biaryl, unreacted allylic acetate, and/or unidentified compounds. The Mizoroki-Heck-type product was not detected. The isolated products were contaminated with traces of unidentified materials (0.1-5%). The isolated yields for the reaction of 1g,h,i,l in Tables 2 and 3 may be reduced by the evaporation of the products.
-
For Schemes 2 and 3 and Tables 2 and 3, the crude materials after removal of the catalyst and boron compounds consisted of the coupling product, biaryl, unreacted allylic acetate, and/or unidentified compounds. The Mizoroki-Heck-type product was not detected. The isolated products were contaminated with traces of unidentified materials (0.1-5%). The isolated yields for the reaction of 1g,h,i,l in Tables 2 and 3 may be reduced by the evaporation of the products.
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
74949134439
-
-
The reaction of terminal alkenes 1d and 1i were carried out with THF solvent Table 2, The use of THF suppressed the formation of unidentified side products
-
The reaction of terminal alkenes 1d and 1i were carried out with THF solvent (Table 2, entries 9 and 14). The use of THF suppressed the formation of unidentified side products.
-
entries 9 and 14)
-
-
-
54
-
-
74949143129
-
-
6,10 mol %; THF; 60 °C] afforded the corresponding coupling product in only 17% yield.
-
6,10 mol %; THF; 60 °C] afforded the corresponding coupling product in only 17% yield.
-
-
-
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55
-
-
74949123019
-
-
See ref 6c and references therein
-
See ref 6c and references therein.
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74949128773
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13C NMR measurement was unsuccessful.
-
13C NMR measurement was unsuccessful.
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70
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74949130397
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This is contradictory with the reported results of the oxidative Mizoroki-Heck-type arylation of allylic esters with arylboronic acids. See ref 17
-
This is contradictory with the reported results of the oxidative Mizoroki-Heck-type arylation of allylic esters with arylboronic acids. See ref 17.
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