Degeneration of microglial cells in frontal and temporal lobes of chronic schizophrenics

Folia Neuropathologica

Volumn 42, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 157-165

  Wierzba Bobrowicz, Teresa ^a   Lewandowska, Eliza ^a   Kosno Kruszewska, Elzbieta ^a   Lechowicz, Waldemar ^a   Pasennik, Elzbieta ^a   Schmidt Sidor, Bogna ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY   (Poland)

Author keywords

Frontal; Microglia; Schizophrenia; Temporal lobes; Ultrastructure

Indexed keywords

MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN CLASS 2;

ADULT; AGED; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BRAIN TISSUE; CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; CHRONIC DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOPLASM; DISEASE EXACERBATION; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMMUNOCOMPETENCE; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MICROGLIA; MICROSCOPY; MITOCHONDRION; NERVE CELL DEGENERATION; PATHOGENESIS; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PHAGOSOME; PSYCHOSIS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 7244236602     PISSN: 16414640     EISSN: 1509572X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Akil M, Edgar CL, Pierri JN (2000) Decreased density axonsin the entorhinal cortex of schizophrenic subjects. Biological Psychiatry, 47: 361-370.
2. Alain C, McNeeky HE, He Y, Christensen BK, West R (2002) Neurophysiological Evidence of Error-monitoring Deficits in Patients with Schizophrenia, Cerebral Cortex, 12: 840-846.
3. Aleman A, Kahn RS, Selten JP (2003) Sex Differences in the Risk of Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60: 565-571.
4. Altshuler LL, Casanova MF, Goldberg TE, Kleiman JE (1990) The hippocampus and parahippocampus in schizophrenic, suicide, and control brains. Archives of General Psychiatry, 44: 1094-1098.
5. Alvarez XA, Lombardi VRM, Fernandez-Novoa L, Garcia M, Sampedro C, Cagiao A, Cacabelos R, Windisch M (2000) Cerebrolysin reduces microglial activation in vivo and in vitro: a potential mechanism of neuroprotection. J Neural Transm, 59: 282-292.
6. American Psychiatric Association DSM-IV (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical manual of mental disorders. Fourth Edition, Washington.
7. Arnold SE, Hyman BT, Hoesen GWV, Damasio AR (1991) Some cytoarchitectural abnormalities of the entorhinal cortex in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48: 625-632.
8. Basile VS, Ozdemir V, Masellis M, Meltzer HY, Lieberman JA, Potkin SG, Maccardi FM, Petronis A, Kennedy JL (2001) Lack of association between serotonin-2A receptor gene (HTR2A) polymorphisms and tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 6: 230-234.
9. Bassett AS, Chow EWC, AbdelMalik P, Gheorghiu M, Husted J, Weksberg R (2003) The schizophrenia phenotype in 22q11 deletion syndrome. Am J Psychiatry, 106: 1580-1586.
10. Bayer TA, Buslei R, Havas L, Falkai P (1999) Evidence for activation of microglia in patients with psychiatric illnesses. Neurosci Lett, 271: 126-128.
11. Ben-Shachar D (2002) Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: a possible linkage to dopamine. Journal of Neurochemistry, 83: 1241-1251.
12. Bezzi P, Domercq M, Brambilla L, Galli R, Schols D, De Clercq E, Vescovi A. Bagetta, Kollias G, Meldolesi J, Volterra A (2001) CXCR4-activated astrocyte glutamate release via TFNL: amplication by microglia triggers neurotoxicity. Nature Neuroscience, 7: 702-710.
13. Bertrand E, Lechowicz W, Szpak GM, Lewandowska E, Dymecki J, Kosno-Kruszewska E, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T (2003) Degenerative axonal changes in the hippocampus and amygdala in Parkinson's disease. Folia Neuropathol, 41: 197-207.
14. Brown R, Colter N, Corsellis N (1986) Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia: differences in brain weight, temporal horn area and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43: 36-42.
15. Buchanan RW, Vladar K, Barta PE, Pearlson GD (1998) Structural evaluation of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155: 1049-1055.
16. Chana G, Landau S, Beasley C, Everall IP, Cotter D (2003) Two-Dimensional Assessment of Cytoarchitecture in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia: Evidence for Decreased Neuronal Somal Size and Increased Neuronal Density, Society of Biological Psychiatry, 1086-1098.
17. Chance SA, Esiri MM, Crow TJ (2002) Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: a primary change in the temporal lobe? Schizophrenia Research, 62: 123-131.
18. Chow EWC, Husted J, Weksberg R, Bassett AS (2003) Post-maturity in a genetic subtype of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr. Scand, 108: 260-268
19. Copolov D, Velakoulis D, McGory P, MallardC, Yung A, Rees S, Jackson G, Rehn A, Brewer W, Pantelis Ch (2000) Neurobiological findings in early phase schizophrenia, Brain Res Reviews 31: 157-165.
20. Czerski PM, Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz A, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kapelski P, Godlewski S, Rybakowski J, Hauser J (2003) Association Analysis of Serotonin 2A receptor Gene T102c. Polymorphism and Schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry, 4: 69-73.
21. Delgado M (2003) Inhibition of Interferon (IFN) y-induced Jak-STAT1 Activation in Microglia by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 278: 27620-27629.
22. 7 receptor mRNAs in the hippocampal formation and prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 57: 15-26.
23. Falkai P, Bogerts B, Rozumek M (1988) Limbic pathology in schizophrenia: the entorhinal region - a morphometric study. Biological Psychiatry, 24: 515-521.
24. Falkai P, Honer WG, David S, Bogerts B, Majtenyi C, Bayer TA (1999) No evidence for astrogliosis in brains of schizophrenic patients. A post-mortem study. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 25: 48-53.
25. Glautz LA, Lewis DA (2000) Decreased dendritic spine density on prefrontal cortical pyramidal neurons in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57: 65-73.
26. Grima G, Benz B, Parpura V, Cuenod M, Do KQ (2003) Dopamine-induced oxidative stress in neurons with glutathione deficit: implications for schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research, 62: 213-224.
27. Hafner H (2003) Gender differences in schizophrenia, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 28: 17-54.
28. Hanlon FM, Sutherland RJ (2000) Changes in adult brain and behavior caused by neonatal limbic damage: implications for the etiology of schizophrenia. Behavioural Brain Research, 107: 71-83.
29. Heckers S, Konradi C (2002) Hippocampal neurons in schizophrenia, J Neural Transm, 109: 891-905.
30. Hof PR, Haroutunian V, Friedrich VL, Byne W, Buitron C, Perl D, Davis KL (2003) Loss and Altered Spatial Distribution of Oligodendrocytes in the Superior Frontal Gyrus in Schizophrenia. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 1076-1085.
31. Job DE, Whalley HC, McConnell S, Glabus M, Johnstone EC, Lawrie SM (2003) Voxel-based morphometry of grey matter densities in subjects at high risk of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 64: 1-13.
32. Keller A, Castelllanos FX, Vaituzis AC, Jeffries NO, Giedd JN, Rapoport JL (2003) Progressive Loss of Cerebellar Volume in Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia, Am J Psychiatry, 160: 128-133.
33. Kikinis R, Shenton ME, Gerig C (1994) Temporal lobe sulcogyral pattern anomalies in schizophrenia an in vivo MR three-dimensional surface rendering study. Neuroscience Letters, 182: 7-12.
34. Kolomeets NS, Uranova NA, Orlovskaya DO (1996) The ultrastructure of the synaptic contacts on the dopaminergic neurons in postmortem substantia nigra of schizophrenics. Schizophrenia Res, 18: 180-181.
35. Kostowski W (2002) Neuroleptic drugs from the perspective of psychopharmacology. In: Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Therapy. B. Przewłocka (ed.). The 19th Winter School of the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mogilany 2002, Platan, pp. 85-95.
36. Kulynych JJ, Vladar K, Jones DW, Weinberger DR (1997) Cortical abnormality in schizophrenia: an in vivo application of the gyrification index. Biological Psychiatry, 41: 995-999.
37. Laurens KR, Ngan ETC, Bates AT, Kiehl KA. Liddle PF (2003) Rostral anterior cingulate cortex dysfunction during error processing in schizophrenia. Brain, 126: 610-622.
38. Lüscher C, Nicoll RA, Malenka RC, Muller D (2000) Synaptic plasticity and dynamic modulation of the postsynaptic membrane, Nature Neuroscience, 6: 545-550.
39. MacDonald III AW, Pogue-Geile M, Johnson MK, Carter CS (2003) A Specific Deficit in Contex Processing in the Unfaffected Siblings of Patients with Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60: 57-65.
40. Mihara K, Kondo T, Yasui-Furukori N, Suzuki A, Ishida M, Ono S., Kubota T, Iga T, Takarada Y, de Vries R. Kaneko S (2003) Effects of Various CYP2D6 Genotypes on the Steady-State Plasma Concentrations of Risperidone and Its Active Metabolite, 9-Hydroxyrisperidone, in Japanese Patients With Schizophrenia. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, 3: 287-293.
41. B receptor in the entorhinal cortex and inferior temporal cortex of schizophrenic brain. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 26: 393-396.
42. Möller HJ (2003) Management of the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia. Review Article, 11: 793-823.
43. Muller N, Ackenheil M (1998) Psychoneuroimmunology and the cytokine action in the CNS: implications for psychiatric disorders. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, 22: 1-33.
44. Munn NA (2000) Microglia dysfunction in schizophrenia: an integrative theory. Medical Hypotheses. 54: 198-202.
45. Niemi LT, Suvisaari JM, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Lönnqvist JK (2003) Childhood developmental abnormalities in schizophrenia: evidence from high-risk studies. Schizophrenia Research, 60: 239-258.
46. Nikkilä HV, Müller K, Ahokas A, Miettinen K, Rimon R, Anderson LC (1999) Accumulation of Macrophages in the CSF of Schizophrenic Patients During Acute Psychotic Episodes. AM J Psychiatry, 156: 1725-1729.
47. Nikkila HV, Muller K, Ahokas A, Miettinen K, Rimon R, Andersson LC (1999) Accumulation of macrophages in the CSF of schizophrenic during acute psychotic episodes. Am. J Psychiatry, 156: 1725-1729.
48. Pietraszek M (2002) Glutamatergic theory of schizophrenia. In: Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Therapy. B. Przewłocka (ed.). The 19th Winter School of the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mogilany 2002, Platan; pp. 33-51.
49. Powers RE (1999) The neuropathology of schizophrenia. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 58: 679-690.
50. Radewicz K, Garey LJ, Gentleman SM, Reynolds R (2000) Increase in HLA-DR Immunoreactive Microglia in Frontal and Temporal Cortex of Chronic Schizophrenics. Journal of Neuropath and Exp Neurol, 2: 137-150.
51. Raghavendra V, Tanga F, Deleo JA (2003) Inhibition of microglial activation attenuates the development but not existing hypersensitivity in a rat model of neuropathy. Journal of Pharmacology and Exp. Therapeutics, 306: 624-630.
52. Rajkowska G, Selemon LD, Goldman-Rakic PS (1998) Neuronal and glial somal size in the prefrontal cortex. A postmortem morphometric study of schizophrenia and Huntington disease. Archives of General Psychiatry, 55: 215-224.
53. Roberts GW (1990): Schizophrenia: the cellular biology of a functional psychosis. Elsevier Science Publishers, 6: 207-211.
54. Rybakowski J (2002) Dopamine theory of schizophrenia. In: Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Therapy. B. Przewłocka (ed.). The 19th Winter School of the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mogilany 2002, Platan; pp. 53-61.
55. Saito T, Guan F, Papolos DF, Rajouria N, Fann CSJ, Lachman HM (2001) Polymorphism in SNAP29 gene promoter region associated with schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 6: 193-201.
56. Sanak M (2002) Polymorphisms of genes in schizophrenia. In: Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Therapy. B. Przewłocka (ed.). The 19th Winter School of the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mogilany 2002, Platan; pp. 131-137.
57. Semwal P, Prasad S, Bhatia T, Deshpande SN, Wood J, Nimgaonkar, Thelma BK (2001) Family-based association studies of monoaminergic gene polymorphisms among North Indians with schizophrenia. Molecular Psychiatry, 6: 220-224.
58. Silbersweig DA, Stern E, Frith C (1995) A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature, 378: 176-179.
59. Smith GN, Lang DJ, Kopala LC, Lapointe JS, Falkai P, Honer WG (2003) Developmental Abnormalities of the Hippocampus in First-Episode Schizophrenia. Society of Biological Psychiatry, 555-561.
60. Szpak GM, Lewandowska E, Lechowicz W, Bertrand E, Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Gwiazda E, Pasennik E, Kosno-Kruszewska E, Lipczyńska-Łojkowska W, Bochyńska A, Fiszer U (2001 Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease: a comparative immunohistochemical study. Folia Neuropathol, 39: 63-71.
61. Takahashi T, Suzuki M, Kawasaki Y, Hagino H, Yamashita I, Nohara S, Nakamura K, Seto H, Kurachi M (2003) Perigenual Cingulate Gyrus Volume in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Biol. Psychiatry, 53: 593-600.
62. Tamminga CA, Vogel M, Gao XM, Lahti AC, Holcomb HH (2000) The limbic cortex in schizophrenia: focus on the anterior cingulated. Brain Res Reviews, 31: 364-370.
63. Thompson PM, Egbufoama S, Vawter MP (2003) SNAP-25 reduction in the hippocampus of patients with schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 27: 411-417.
64. Van Hoff JM (2002) The abnormal development of drive and guidance mechanisms in the brain: the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 3: 134-146.
65. Van Oel CJ, Baare WFC, Hulshoff Pol HE, Haag J, Balazs J, Dingemans A, Kahn RS, Sitskoorn MM (2001) Differentiating between low and high susceptibility to schizophrenia in twins: the significance of dermatoglyphic indices in relation to other determinants of brain development. Schizophrenia Research, 52: 181-193.
66. Volk DW, Pierri JN. Fritschy J-M, Auch S, Sampson AR, Lewis DA (2002) Reciprocal Alterationis in Pre- and Postsynaptic Inhibitory Markers at Chandelier Cell Inputs to Pyramidal Neurons in Schizophrenia. Cerebral Cortex, 12: 1063-1070.
67. Vourdas A, Pipe R, Corrigall R, Frangou S (2002) Increases developmental deviance and premorbid dysfunction in early onset schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 62: 13-22.
68. Wank R (2002) Schizophrenia and other mental disorders require long-term adoptive immunotherapy. Med Hypothesis, 2: 154-158.
69. Wciórka J (2002) Schizophrenic disorders: clinical symptoms and classification. In: Schizophrenia: Pathogenesis and Therapy. B. Przewłocka (ed.). The 19th Winter School of the Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mogilany 2002, Platan; pp. 15-31.
70. Weinberger DR (1987) Implications of normal brain development for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44: 660-669.
71. Wierzba-Bobrowicz T, Gwiazda E, Kosno-Kruszewska E, Lewandowska E, Lechowicz W, Bertrand E, Szpak GM, Schmidt-Sidor E (2002) Morphological analysis of active microglia - rod and ramified microglia in human brains affected by some neurological diseases (SSPE, Alzheimer's disease and Wilson's disease). Folia Neuropathol, 40: 125-131.
72. Woods DT (1998) Is schizophrenia a progressive neurodevelopmental disorder? Toward a unitary pathogenetic mechanism. American Journal of Psychiatry. 155: 1661-1670.
73. Zaidel DW (1999) Quantitative Morphology of Human Hippocampus Early Neuron Development. The Anatomical Record, 254: 87-91
74. Zavistanou K, Ward PB, Med B, Huand H-F (2002) Selective Alterationis in lonotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia, 5: 826-833.