메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 7, 1999, Pages 679-690

The neuropathology of schizophrenia

Author keywords

Autopsy; Brain imaging; Development; Genetics; Histopathology; Neurochemistry; Psychosis

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; BRAIN REGION; CHILDHOOD INJURY; CLINICAL FEATURE; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; MYELINATION; NEUROCHEMISTRY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYNAPTOGENESIS;

EID: 0032800280     PISSN: 00223069     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00005072-199907000-00001     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (98)
  • 3
    • 0024831377 scopus 로고
    • The american concept of schizophrenia
    • Andreasen NC. The American concept of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1989;15:519-31
    • (1989) Schizophr Bull , vol.15 , pp. 519-531
    • Andreasen, N.C.1
  • 4
    • 0028832223 scopus 로고
    • The social construction of the human brain
    • Eisenburg L. The social construction of the human brain. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:1563-75
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 1563-1575
    • Eisenburg, L.1
  • 5
    • 0030239794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The legacy of philippe pinel
    • Levine JM. The legacy of Philippe Pinel. JAGS 1996;44:1130-33
    • (1996) JAGS , vol.44 , pp. 1130-1133
    • Levine, J.M.1
  • 6
    • 0031968868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new intellectual framework for psychiatry
    • Kandel, ER. A new intellectual framework for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:457-69
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 457-469
  • 7
    • 0030805275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of schizophrenia: Cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and neurotransmitter-specific projection systems
    • Heckers S. Neuropathology of schizophrenia: Cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, and neurotransmitter-specific projection systems. Schizophr Bull 1997;23:403-21
    • (1997) Schizophr Bull , vol.23 , pp. 403-421
    • Heckers, S.1
  • 9
    • 0030002432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem of diagnosis in postmortem brain studies of schizophrenia
    • Hill C, Keks N, Roberts S, et al. Problem of diagnosis in postmortem brain studies of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:533-37
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 533-537
    • Hill, C.1    Keks, N.2    Roberts, S.3
  • 11
    • 0028847356 scopus 로고
    • A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia
    • Silbersweig DA, Stern E, Frith C, et al. A functional neuroanatomy of hallucinations in schizophrenia. Nature 1995;378:176-79
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 176-179
    • Silbersweig, D.A.1    Stern, E.2    Frith, C.3
  • 13
    • 0025952455 scopus 로고
    • Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia
    • Javitt DC, Zukin SR. Recent advances in the phencyclidine model of schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:1301-7
    • (1991) Am J Psychiatry , vol.148 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Javitt, D.C.1    Zukin, S.R.2
  • 14
    • 0031957127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: A 19-year longitudinal study
    • Kremen WS, Buka SL, Seidman LJ, Goldstein JM, Koren D, Tsuang MT. Decline during childhood and adult psychotic symptoms in a community sample: A 19-year longitudinal study. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:672-77
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 672-677
    • Kremen, W.S.1    Buka, S.L.2    Seidman, L.J.3    Goldstein, J.M.4    Koren, D.5    Tsuang, M.T.6
  • 15
    • 0018864708 scopus 로고
    • Psychological complications of temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Pritchard PB, Lombroso CT, McIntyre M. Psychological complications of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 1980;30:227-32
    • (1980) Neurology , vol.30 , pp. 227-232
    • Pritchard, P.B.1    Lombroso, C.T.2    McIntyre, M.3
  • 16
    • 0031917792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia-like psychosis and epilepsy: The status of the association
    • Sachdev P. Schizophrenia-like psychosis and epilepsy: The status of the association. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:325-36
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 325-336
    • Sachdev, P.1
  • 17
    • 0025323015 scopus 로고
    • A "mock up" of schizophrenia: Temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia-like psychosis
    • Roberts GW, Done DJ, Bruton C, Crow TJ. A "mock up" of schizophrenia: Temporal lobe epilepsy and schizophrenia-like psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 1990;28:127-43
    • (1990) Biol Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 127-143
    • Roberts, G.W.1    Done, D.J.2    Bruton, C.3    Crow, T.J.4
  • 18
    • 0029003189 scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: Predictions and patterns of change
    • Arndt, S, Andreasen NC, Flaum M, Miller D, Nopoulos P. A longitudinal study of symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: Predictions and patterns of change. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:352-60
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 352-360
    • Andreasen, N.C.1    Flaum, M.2    Miller, D.3    Nopoulos, P.4
  • 19
    • 0030917261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of positive symptoms exclusively to hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion of cerebral cortex in never-treated schizophrenics
    • Sabri O, Erkwoh R, Schreckenberger M, Owega A, Sass H, Buell U. Correlation of positive symptoms exclusively to hyperperfusion or hypoperfusion of cerebral cortex in never-treated schizophrenics. Lancet 1997;349:1735-39
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1735-1739
    • Sabri, O.1    Erkwoh, R.2    Schreckenberger, M.3    Owega, A.4    Sass, H.5    Buell, U.6
  • 20
    • 0022492466 scopus 로고
    • Hallucinations: Theoretical and clinical overview
    • Assad G, Shapiro B. Hallucinations: Theoretical and clinical overview. Am J. Psychiatry 1986;143:1088-97
    • (1986) Am J. Psychiatry , vol.143 , pp. 1088-1097
    • Assad, G.1    Shapiro, B.2
  • 21
    • 75449121332 scopus 로고
    • The brain's record of auditory and visual experience
    • Penfield W, Perot P. The brain's record of auditory and visual experience. Brain 1963;86:595-705
    • (1963) Brain , vol.86 , pp. 595-705
    • Penfield, W.1    Perot, P.2
  • 22
    • 0021993031 scopus 로고
    • Organic delusions
    • Cummings JL. Organic delusions. Br J Psychiatry 1985;146:184-97
    • (1985) Br J Psychiatry , vol.146 , pp. 184-197
    • Cummings, J.L.1
  • 23
    • 0030941817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: Distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-naïve patients
    • Andreasen NC, O'Leary DS, Flaum M, et al. Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: Distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-naïve patients. Lancet 1997;349:1730-34
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 1730-1734
    • Andreasen, N.C.1    O'Leary, D.S.2    Flaum, M.3
  • 24
    • 0031984383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nuerological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their siblings
    • Ismail B, Cantor-Graae EC, McNeil TF. Nuerological abnormalities in schizophrenic patients and their siblings. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:84-89
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 84-89
    • Ismail, B.1    Cantor-Graae, E.C.2    McNeil, T.F.3
  • 27
    • 0031894503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28 year follow-up of the 1996 North Finland general population birth cohort
    • Jones PB, Rantakallio P, Hartikiainen AL, Isohanni M, Sipila P. Schizophrenia as a long-term outcome of pregnancy, delivery, and perinatal complications: A 28 year follow-up of the 1996 North Finland general population birth cohort. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155: 355-64
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 355-364
    • Jones, P.B.1    Rantakallio, P.2    Hartikiainen, A.L.3    Isohanni, M.4    Sipila, P.5
  • 30
    • 0029815216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia
    • Jeste DV. Medical comorbidity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1996;22:413-30
    • (1996) Schizophr Bull , vol.22 , pp. 413-430
    • Jeste, D.V.1
  • 31
    • 0030943091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurotransmitters aberrations in schizophrenia: New perspectives and therapeutic implications
    • Carlsson A, Hanson LO, Waters N, Carlsson ML. Neurotransmitters aberrations in schizophrenia: New perspectives and therapeutic implications. Life Sciences 1997;61:75-94
    • (1997) Life Sciences , vol.61 , pp. 75-94
    • Carlsson, A.1    Hanson, L.O.2    Waters, N.3    Carlsson, M.L.4
  • 32
    • 0030743151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-process theory of schizophrenia: Evidence from studies in post-mortem brain
    • Deakin JF, Simpson MD. A two-process theory of schizophrenia: Evidence from studies in post-mortem brain. J. Psychiatry Res 1997;31:277-95
    • (1997) J. Psychiatry Res , vol.31 , pp. 277-295
    • Deakin, J.F.1    Simpson, M.D.2
  • 33
    • 0030742253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limbic circuits and monoamine receptors: Dissecting the effects of antipsychotics from disease processes
    • Joyce JN, Goldsmith SG, Gurevich EV. Limbic circuits and monoamine receptors: Dissecting the effects of antipsychotics from disease processes. J Psychiatry Res 1997;31:197-217
    • (1997) J Psychiatry Res , vol.31 , pp. 197-217
    • Joyce, J.N.1    Goldsmith, S.G.2    Gurevich, E.V.3
  • 34
    • 0030872169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical dopamine in schizophrenia: Strategies for postmortem studies
    • Lewis DA, Akil M. Cortical dopamine in schizophrenia: Strategies for postmortem studies. J Psychiatry Res 1997;31:175-95
    • (1997) J Psychiatry Res , vol.31 , pp. 175-195
    • Lewis, D.A.1    Akil, M.2
  • 36
    • 0030882140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical development and thalamic pathology in schizophrenia
    • Jones EG. Cortical development and thalamic pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1997;23:483-501
    • (1997) Schizophr Bull , vol.23 , pp. 483-501
    • Jones, E.G.1
  • 37
    • 0031037346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased prefrontal dopamine Dl receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET
    • Okubo Y, Suhara T, Suzuki K, et al. Decreased prefrontal dopamine Dl receptors in schizophrenia revealed by PET. Letters to Nature 1996:634-36
    • Letters to Nature , vol.1996 , pp. 634-636
    • Okubo, Y.1    Suhara, T.2    Suzuki, K.3
  • 38
    • 0029278944 scopus 로고
    • Neural circuitry of the prefrontal cortex I schizophrenia
    • Lewis DA. Neural circuitry of the prefrontal cortex I schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:269-73
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 269-273
    • Lewis, D.A.1
  • 39
    • 0030752950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review the role of dopamine D4 receptors in schizophrenia and antipsychotic action
    • Sanyal S, Van Tol HH. Review the role of dopamine D4 receptors in schizophrenia and antipsychotic action. J Psychiatry Res 1997;31:219
    • (1997) J Psychiatry Res , vol.31 , pp. 219
    • Sanyal, S.1    Van Tol, H.H.2
  • 40
    • 0028141509 scopus 로고
    • Increase in caudate nuclei volumes of first-episode schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotic drugs
    • Chakos MH, Lieberman JA, Bilder RM, et al. Increase in caudate nuclei volumes of first-episode schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotic drugs. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1430-36
    • (1994) Am J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1430-1436
    • Chakos, M.H.1    Lieberman, J.A.2    Bilder, R.M.3
  • 43
    • 0029002517 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural correlates of haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in rat striatum
    • Roberts RC, Gaither LA, Gao S, Kashyap SM, Tamminga CA. Ultrastructural correlates of haloperidol-induced oral dyskinesias in rat striatum. Synapse 1995;20:234-43
    • (1995) Synapse , vol.20 , pp. 234-243
    • Roberts, R.C.1    Gaither, L.A.2    Gao, S.3    Kashyap, S.M.4    Tamminga, C.A.5
  • 44
    • 0032498818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absence of neurodegeneration and neural injury in the cerebral cortex in a sample of elderly patients with schizophrenia
    • Arnold SE, Trojanowski JQ, Gur RE, Blackwell P, Han L, Choi C. Absence of neurodegeneration and neural injury in the cerebral cortex in a sample of elderly patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:225-32
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 225-232
    • Arnold, S.E.1    Trojanowski, J.Q.2    Gur, R.E.3    Blackwell, P.4    Han, L.5    Choi, C.6
  • 45
    • 0032498945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients with schizophrenia
    • Purohit DP, Perl DP, Haroutunian V, Powchik P, Davis KL. Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative diseases in elderly patients with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:205-11
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 205-211
    • Purohit, D.P.1    Perl, D.P.2    Haroutunian, V.3    Powchik, P.4    Davis, K.L.5
  • 46
    • 0027408221 scopus 로고
    • Advancing a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia
    • Bloom FE. Advancing a neurodevelopmental origin for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:224-27
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 224-227
    • Bloom, F.E.1
  • 47
    • 0030750134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathological studies of brain tissue in schizophrenia
    • Bunney BG, Potkin SG. Bunney WE. Neuropathological studies of brain tissue in schizophrenia. J. Psychiatry Res 1997;31:159-73
    • (1997) J. Psychiatry Res , vol.31 , pp. 159-173
    • Bunney, B.G.1    Potkin, S.G.2    Bunney, W.E.3
  • 48
    • 0031721219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A candidate molecule approach to defining developmental pathology in schizophrenia
    • Weikert CS, Weinberger DR. A candidate molecule approach to defining developmental pathology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1998;24:303-16
    • (1998) Schizophr Bull , vol.24 , pp. 303-316
    • Weikert, C.S.1    Weinberger, D.R.2
  • 52
    • 0028120426 scopus 로고
    • Absence of regional hemispheric volume asymmetries in first-episode schizophrenia
    • Bilder RM, Wu H, Bogerts B, et al. Absence of regional hemispheric volume asymmetries in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1437-47
    • (1994) Am J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1437-1447
    • Bilder, R.M.1    Wu, H.2    Bogerts, B.3
  • 53
    • 0031978814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progressive reduction of temporal lobe structures in childhood-onset schizophrenia
    • Jacobsen LK, Giedd JN, Castellanos FX, et al. Progressive reduction of temporal lobe structures in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1998;155:678-85
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 678-685
    • Jacobsen, L.K.1    Giedd, J.N.2    Castellanos, F.X.3
  • 54
    • 0031934466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A followup magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia: Relationship of neuronanatomical changes to clinical and neurobehavioral measures
    • Gur RE, Cowell P, Turetsky BI, Gallacher F, et al. A followup magnetic resonance imaging study of schizophrenia: Relationship of neuronanatomical changes to clinical and neurobehavioral measures. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:145
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 145
    • Gur, R.E.1    Cowell, P.2    Turetsky, B.I.3    Gallacher, F.4
  • 55
    • 0029089087 scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry of the planum temporale; methodological considerations and clinical associations
    • Barta PE, Petty RG, McGilchrist L, et al. Asymmetry of the planum temporale; methodological considerations and clinical associations. Psychiatry Res 1995;61:137-50
    • (1995) Psychiatry Res , vol.61 , pp. 137-150
    • Barta, P.E.1    Petty, R.G.2    McGilchrist, L.3
  • 56
    • 0018163034 scopus 로고
    • Human brain: Cytoarchitectonic left-right asymmetries in the temporal speech region
    • Galaburda AM, Sanides F, Geschwind N. Human brain: Cytoarchitectonic left-right asymmetries in the temporal speech region. Arch Neurol 1978;35:812-17
    • (1978) Arch Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 812-817
    • Galaburda, A.M.1    Sanides, F.2    Geschwind, N.3
  • 58
    • 0028943145 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of asymmetry of the planum temporale in schizophrenia
    • Petty RG, Barta PE, Pearlson GD, et al. Reversal of asymmetry of the planum temporale in Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152: 715-21
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 715-721
    • Petty, R.G.1    Barta, P.E.2    Pearlson, G.D.3
  • 59
    • 0028109517 scopus 로고
    • Temporal lobe sulco-gyral pattern anomalies in schizophrenia: An in vivo MR three-dimensional surface rendering study
    • Kikinis, R, Shenton ME, Guido G, et al. Temporal lobe sulco-gyral pattern anomalies in schizophrenia: An in vivo MR three-dimensional surface rendering study. Neurosci Lett 1994;182:7-12
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.182 , pp. 7-12
    • Shenton, M.E.1    Guido, G.2
  • 60
    • 0025185109 scopus 로고
    • Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia
    • Barta PE, Pearlson GD. Powers RE, Richards SS, Tune LE. Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1990;147:1457-62
    • (1990) Am J Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 1457-1462
    • Barta, P.E.1    Pearlson, G.D.2    Powers, R.E.3    Richards, S.S.4    Tune, L.E.5
  • 61
    • 0030607991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Striatal dopamine D2 receptor quantification and superior temporal gyrus: Volume determination in 14 chronic schizophrenic subjects
    • Tune L, Barta P, Wong D, et al. Striatal dopamine D2 receptor quantification and superior temporal gyrus: Volume determination in 14 chronic schizophrenic subjects. Psychiatry Res 1996;67:155-62
    • (1996) Psychiatry Res , vol.67 , pp. 155-162
    • Tune, L.1    Barta, P.2    Wong, D.3
  • 63
    • 0027405968 scopus 로고
    • Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adeine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development
    • Akbarian S, Vinuela A, Kim JJ, Potkin SG, Bunney WE, Jones EG. Distorted distribution of nicotinamide-adeine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase neurons in temporal lobe of schizophrenics implies anomalous cortical development. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:178-87
    • (1993) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.50 , pp. 178-187
    • Akbarian, S.1    Vinuela, A.2    Kim, J.J.3    Potkin, S.G.4    Bunney, W.E.5    Jones, E.G.6
  • 64
    • 0030611909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disrupted patteren of D2 dopamine receptors in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia
    • Goldsmith SK, Shapiro RM, Joyce JN. Disrupted patteren of D2 dopamine receptors in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:649-58
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 649-658
    • Goldsmith, S.K.1    Shapiro, R.M.2    Joyce, J.N.3
  • 65
    • 0030882138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmortem studies of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia
    • Dwork AJ. Postmortem studies of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1997;23:385-402
    • (1997) Schizophr Bull , vol.23 , pp. 385-402
    • Dwork, A.J.1
  • 66
    • 0031862340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: A meta-analytic study
    • Nelson MD, Saykin AJ, Flashman LA, Riordan HJ. Hippocampal volume reduction in schizophrenia as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: A meta-analytic study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:433-40
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 433-440
    • Nelson, M.D.1    Saykin, A.J.2    Flashman, L.A.3    Riordan, H.J.4
  • 68
    • 0025015671 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem volume measurements of limbic system and basal ganglia structures in chronic schizophrenics
    • Bogerts B, Falkai P, Haupts M, et al. Postmortem volume measurements of limbic system and basal ganglia structures in chronic schizophrenics. Initial results from a new brain collection. Schizophr Res 1990;3:295-301
    • (1990) Initial Results from a New Brain Collection. Schizophr Res , vol.3 , pp. 295-301
    • Bogerts, B.1    Falkai, P.2    Haupts, M.3
  • 69
    • 0027466411 scopus 로고
    • Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia
    • Bogerts B, Lieberman JA, Ashtari M, et al. Hippocampus-amygdala volumes and psychopathology in chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1993;33:236-46
    • (1993) Biol Psychiatry , vol.33 , pp. 236-246
    • Bogerts, B.1    Lieberman, J.A.2    Ashtari, M.3
  • 70
    • 0028952255 scopus 로고
    • Smaller neuron size in schizophrenia in hippocampal subfields that mediate cortical-hippocampal interation
    • Arnold SE, Fanz BR, Gur RC, et al. Smaller neuron size in schizophrenia in hippocampal subfields that mediate cortical-hippocampal interation. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:738-47
    • (1995) Am J Psychiatry , vol.152 , pp. 738-747
    • Arnold, S.E.1    Fanz, B.R.2    Gur, R.C.3
  • 72
    • 0025008931 scopus 로고
    • Morphometry of the parahippocampal gyrus in schizophrenics and controls. Some anatomical considerations
    • Heckers S, Heinsen H, Heinsen YC, Beckman H. Morphometry of the parahippocampal gyrus in schizophrenics and controls. Some anatomical considerations. J Neural Transm (General Section) 1990;80:151-55
    • (1990) J Neural Transm (General Section) , vol.80 , pp. 151-155
    • Heckers, S.1    Heinsen, H.2    Heinsen, Y.C.3    Beckman, H.4
  • 74
    • 0024418234 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative investigations of hippocampal pyramidal cell size, shape, and variability of orientation in schizophrenia
    • Christison GW, Casanova MF, Weinberger DR, Rawlings R, Kleinman JE. Quantitative investigations of hippocampal pyramidal cell size, shape, and variability of orientation in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1989;46:1027-32
    • (1989) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 1027-1032
    • Christison, G.W.1    Casanova, M.F.2    Weinberger, D.R.3    Rawlings, R.4    Kleinman, J.E.5
  • 75
    • 0025885699 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal expression of two microbubule-associated proteins (MAP2 and MAP5) in specific subfields of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia
    • Arnold SE, Lee VA, Gur RE, Trojanowski JQ. Abnormal expression of two microbubule-associated proteins (MAP2 and MAP5) in specific subfields of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991b;88:10850-54
    • (1991) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.88 , pp. 10850-10854
    • Arnold, S.E.1    Lee, V.A.2    Gur, R.E.3    Trojanowski, J.Q.4
  • 76
  • 77
    • 0024413488 scopus 로고
    • Gross and histological criteria for developmental disorders in brains of schizophrenics
    • Jakob H, Beckmann H. Gross and histological criteria for developmental disorders in brains of schizophrenics. J Royal Soc Med 1989;82:466-69
    • (1989) J Royal Soc Med , vol.82 , pp. 466-469
    • Jakob, H.1    Beckmann, H.2
  • 79
    • 0022568602 scopus 로고
    • Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia. Differences in brain weight, temporal horn area, and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorder
    • Brown R, Colter N, Corsellis JA, et al. Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia. Differences in brain weight, temporal horn area, and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;43:36-42
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 36-42
    • Brown, R.1    Colter, N.2    Corsellis, J.A.3
  • 81
    • 0029853927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Bertolino A, Nawroz S, Mattay VS, et al. Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:1554-63
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1554-1563
    • Bertolino, A.1    Nawroz, S.2    Mattay, V.S.3
  • 82
    • 0027339401 scopus 로고
    • 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Neurodevelopment and schizophrenia
    • Pettegrew JW, Keshavan MS, Minshew NJ. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Neurodevelopment and schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 1993;19:35-53
    • (1993) Schizophr Bull , vol.19 , pp. 35-53
    • Pettegrew, J.W.1    Keshavan, M.S.2    Minshew, N.J.3
  • 84
    • 0032498817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and glial somal size in the prefrontal cortex: A postmortem morphometric study of schizophrenia and Huntington disease
    • Rajowska G, Selemon LD, Rakic PS. Neuronal and glial somal size in the prefrontal cortex: A postmortem morphometric study of schizophrenia and Huntington disease. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:215
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 215
    • Rajowska, G.1    Selemon, L.D.2    Rakic, P.S.3
  • 85
    • 0029876983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients
    • Akbarian S, Kim JJ, Potkin SG, Hetrick WP, Bunney WE, Jones EG. Maldistribution of interstitial neurons in prefrontal white matter of the brains of schizophrenic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996;53:425-36
    • (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 425-436
    • Akbarian, S.1    Kim, J.J.2    Potkin, S.G.3    Hetrick, W.P.4    Bunney, W.E.5    Jones, E.G.6
  • 86
    • 0028948389 scopus 로고
    • Gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase is reduced without loss of neurons in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
    • Akbarian SK, Bunney WE, Potkin SG, et al. Gene expression for glutamic acid decarboxylase is reduced without loss of neurons in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52: 258-66
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 258-266
    • Akbarian, S.K.1    Bunney, W.E.2    Potkin, S.G.3
  • 87
    • 0029278951 scopus 로고
    • Reduced inhibitory capacity in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics
    • Lee DE. Reduced inhibitory capacity in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995;52:267-68
    • (1995) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.52 , pp. 267-268
    • Lee, D.E.1
  • 88
    • 0030792187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia
    • Glantz LA, Lewis DA. Reduction of synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997;54:660-69
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 660-669
    • Glantz, L.A.1    Lewis, D.A.2
  • 89
    • 0028972878 scopus 로고
    • Dopaminergic modulation of impaired cognitive activcation in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia
    • Dolan RJ, Fletcher P, Frith CD, Friston KJ, Frackowiak RS, Grasby PM. Dopaminergic modulation of impaired cognitive activcation in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Nature 1995;378: 180-82
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 180-182
    • Dolan, R.J.1    Fletcher, P.2    Frith, C.D.3    Friston, K.J.4    Frackowiak, R.S.5    Grasby, P.M.6
  • 90
    • 0344101852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postmortem schizophrenic brain
    • Benes FM. Postmortem schizophrenic brain. Schizophr Bull 1998;24:224-30
    • (1998) Schizophr Bull , vol.24 , pp. 224-230
    • Benes, F.M.1
  • 91
    • 0030893368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cingulate cortex synaptic terminal proteins and neural cell adhesion molecule in schizophrenia
    • Honer WG, Falkai P, Young C, et al. Cingulate cortex synaptic terminal proteins and neural cell adhesion molecule in schizophrenia. Neuroscience 1997;78:99-110
    • (1997) Neuroscience , vol.78 , pp. 99-110
    • Honer, W.G.1    Falkai, P.2    Young, C.3
  • 92
    • 0026467217 scopus 로고
    • Striatal metabolic rate and clinical response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia
    • Buchsbaum MS, Potkin SG, Siegel BV, et al. Striatal metabolic rate and clinical response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992;49:966-74
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 966-974
    • Buchsbaum, M.S.1    Potkin, S.G.2    Siegel, B.V.3
  • 94
    • 0032498948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsal striatal size, shape, and metabolic rate in never-medicated and previously medicated schizophrenics performing a verbal learning task
    • Shihabuddin L, Buchsbaum MS, Hazlett EA, et al. Dorsal striatal size, shape, and metabolic rate in never-medicated and previously medicated schizophrenics performing a verbal learning task. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998;55:235-43
    • (1998) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 235-243
    • Shihabuddin, L.1    Buchsbaum, M.S.2    Hazlett, E.A.3
  • 95
    • 0030053697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PET and MRI of the thalamus in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia
    • Buchsbaum MS, Someya T, Teng CY, et al. PET and MRI of the thalamus in never-medicated patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1996;153:191-99
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 191-199
    • Buchsbaum, M.S.1    Someya, T.2    Teng, C.Y.3
  • 96
    • 0028068222 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of posterior fossa structures in schizophrenia
    • Alyward EH, Reiss A, Barta PE, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of posterior fossa structures in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1994;151:1448-52
    • (1994) Am J Psychiatry , vol.151 , pp. 1448-1452
    • Alyward, E.H.1    Reiss, A.2    Barta, P.E.3
  • 97
    • 0030757384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of the cerebellum in schizophrenia - An update: 1996 and future directions
    • Katsetos CD, Hyde TM, Herman MM. Neuropathology of the cerebellum in schizophrenia - An update: 1996 and future directions. Biol Psychiatry 1997;42:213-24
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 213-224
    • Katsetos, C.D.1    Hyde, T.M.2    Herman, M.M.3
  • 98
    • 0030997028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of postmortem studies of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in schizophrenia
    • Baldessarini RJ, Hegarty JD, Bird ED, Benes FM. Meta-analysis of postmortem studies of Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1997;154:861-63
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 861-863
    • Baldessarini, R.J.1    Hegarty, J.D.2    Bird, E.D.3    Benes, F.M.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.