메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 97, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 728-744

The Dynamics of Death and Meaning: The Effects of Death-Relevant Cognitions and Personal Need for Structure on Perceptions of Meaning in Life

Author keywords

exploration of novelty; meaning in life; personal need for structure; terror management theory

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; AFFECT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ATTITUDE TO DEATH; COGNITION; EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOR; FEAR; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; OBJECT RELATION; PERCEPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RECOGNITION; STUDENT;

EID: 72049129923     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0016417     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (117)

References (65)
  • 2
    • 85047671141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality salience and the spreading activation of worldview-relevant constructs: Exploring the cognitive architecture of terror management
    • Arndt J., Greenberg J., and Cook A. Mortality salience and the spreading activation of worldview-relevant constructs: Exploring the cognitive architecture of terror management. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 131 (2002) 307-324
    • (2002) Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , vol.131 , pp. 307-324
    • Arndt, J.1    Greenberg, J.2    Cook, A.3
  • 3
    • 0032210358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terror management and self-awareness: Evidence that mortality salience provokes avoidance of the self-focused state
    • Arndt J., Greenberg J., Simon L., Pyszczynski, and Solomon S. Terror management and self-awareness: Evidence that mortality salience provokes avoidance of the self-focused state. Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin 24 (1998) 1216-1227
    • (1998) Personality and Social Psychological Bulletin , vol.24 , pp. 1216-1227
    • Arndt, J.1    Greenberg, J.2    Simon, L.3    Pyszczynski4    Solomon, S.5
  • 4
    • 0031179995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suppression, accessibility of death-related thoughts, and cultural worldview defense: Exploring the psychodynamics of terror management
    • Arndt J., Greenberg J., Solomon S., Pyszczynski T., and Simon L. Suppression, accessibility of death-related thoughts, and cultural worldview defense: Exploring the psychodynamics of terror management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73 (1997) 5-18
    • (1997) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.73 , pp. 5-18
    • Arndt, J.1    Greenberg, J.2    Solomon, S.3    Pyszczynski, T.4    Simon, L.5
  • 6
    • 0003933397 scopus 로고
    • The construction and partial validation of a scale for the measurement of the fear of death
    • Boyar J.I. The construction and partial validation of a scale for the measurement of the fear of death. Dissertation Abstracts 25 (1964) 2041
    • (1964) Dissertation Abstracts , vol.25 , pp. 2041
    • Boyar, J.I.1
  • 10
    • 0034567140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defense and distancing as terror management strategies: The moderating role of need for structure and permeability of group boundaries
    • Dechesne M., Janssen J., and van Knippenberg A. Defense and distancing as terror management strategies: The moderating role of need for structure and permeability of group boundaries. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 923-932
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 923-932
    • Dechesne, M.1    Janssen, J.2    van Knippenberg, A.3
  • 13
    • 79953238910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anxiety-buffering function of close relationships: Evidence that relationship commitment acts as a terror management mechanism
    • Florian V., Mikulincer M., and Hirschberger G. The anxiety-buffering function of close relationships: Evidence that relationship commitment acts as a terror management mechanism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82 (2002) 527-542
    • (2002) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.82 , pp. 527-542
    • Florian, V.1    Mikulincer, M.2    Hirschberger, G.3
  • 14
    • 21844522402 scopus 로고
    • Effects of epistemic motivations on the use of accessible constructs in social judgment
    • Ford T.E., and Kruglanski A.W. Effects of epistemic motivations on the use of accessible constructs in social judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21 (1995) 950-962
    • (1995) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.21 , pp. 950-962
    • Ford, T.E.1    Kruglanski, A.W.2
  • 15
    • 34547231125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successfully challenging fundamentalist beliefs results in increased death awareness
    • Friedman M., and Rholes W.S. Successfully challenging fundamentalist beliefs results in increased death awareness. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 43 (2007) 794-801
    • (2007) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.43 , pp. 794-801
    • Friedman, M.1    Rholes, W.S.2
  • 16
    • 0034380411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attachment and exploration in adults: Chronic and contextual accessibility
    • Green J.D., and Campbell W.K. Attachment and exploration in adults: Chronic and contextual accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26 (2000) 452-461
    • (2000) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.26 , pp. 452-461
    • Green, J.D.1    Campbell, W.K.2
  • 18
    • 0000407044 scopus 로고
    • The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory
    • Baumeister R.F. (Ed), Springer-Verlag, New York
    • Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T., and Solomon S. The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In: Baumeister R.F. (Ed). Public self and private self (1986), Springer-Verlag, New York 189-212
    • (1986) Public self and private self , pp. 189-212
    • Greenberg, J.1    Pyszczynski, T.2    Solomon, S.3
  • 19
    • 0002636053 scopus 로고
    • Toward a dual-motive depth psychology of self and human behavior
    • Kernis M.H. (Ed), Plenum Press, New York
    • Greenberg J., Pyszczynski T., and Solomon S. Toward a dual-motive depth psychology of self and human behavior. In: Kernis M.H. (Ed). Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem (1995), Plenum Press, New York 73-99
    • (1995) Efficacy, agency, and self-esteem , pp. 73-99
    • Greenberg, J.1    Pyszczynski, T.2    Solomon, S.3
  • 21
    • 42649107683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A uniquely human motivation: Terror management
    • Shah J., and Gardner W. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • Greenberg J., Solomon S., and Arndt J. A uniquely human motivation: Terror management. In: Shah J., and Gardner W. (Eds). Handbook of motivation science (2008), Guilford Press, New York 113-134
    • (2008) Handbook of motivation science , pp. 113-134
    • Greenberg, J.1    Solomon, S.2    Arndt, J.3
  • 22
    • 77956755203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terror management theory of self-esteem and social behavior: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements
    • Zanna M.P. (Ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Greenberg J., Solomon S., and Pyszczynski T. Terror management theory of self-esteem and social behavior: Empirical assessments and conceptual refinements. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 29 (1997), Academic Press, New York 61-139
    • (1997) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.29 , pp. 61-139
    • Greenberg, J.1    Solomon, S.2    Pyszczynski, T.3
  • 23
    • 0009239845 scopus 로고
    • Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment
    • Griffin D., and Bartholomew K. Models of the self and other: Fundamental dimensions underlying measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67 (1994) 430-445
    • (1994) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.67 , pp. 430-445
    • Griffin, D.1    Bartholomew, K.2
  • 25
    • 0003162764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives
    • Pervin L., and John O.P. (Eds), Guilford Press, New York
    • John O.P., and Srivastava S. The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In: Pervin L., and John O.P. (Eds). Handbook of personality: Theory and research. 2nd ed. (1999), Guilford Press, New York 102-138
    • (1999) Handbook of personality: Theory and research. 2nd ed. , pp. 102-138
    • John, O.P.1    Srivastava, S.2
  • 27
    • 34247860995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thought suppression and meaning in life: A longitudinal investigation
    • Krause N. Thought suppression and meaning in life: A longitudinal investigation. International Journal of Aging and Human Development 64 (2007) 67-82
    • (2007) International Journal of Aging and Human Development , vol.64 , pp. 67-82
    • Krause, N.1
  • 29
    • 0001383722 scopus 로고
    • The freezing and unfreezing of lay inferences: Effects on impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping and numerical anchoring
    • Kruglanski A.W., and Freund T. The freezing and unfreezing of lay inferences: Effects on impressional primacy, ethnic stereotyping and numerical anchoring. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 (1983) 448-468
    • (1983) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.19 , pp. 448-468
    • Kruglanski, A.W.1    Freund, T.2
  • 35
    • 34848816719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Offensive defensiveness: Toward an integrative neuroscience of compensatory zeal after mortality salience, personal uncertainty, and other poignant self-threats
    • McGregor I. Offensive defensiveness: Toward an integrative neuroscience of compensatory zeal after mortality salience, personal uncertainty, and other poignant self-threats. Psychological Inquiry 17 (2006) 299-308
    • (2006) Psychological Inquiry , vol.17 , pp. 299-308
    • McGregor, I.1
  • 37
    • 0034243221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring individual differences in reactions to mortality salience: Does attachment style regulate terror management mechanisms?
    • Mikulincer M., and Florian V. Exploring individual differences in reactions to mortality salience: Does attachment style regulate terror management mechanisms?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79 (2000) 260-273
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , pp. 260-273
    • Mikulincer, M.1    Florian, V.2
  • 38
    • 0037208086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The existential function of close relationships: Introducing death into the science of love
    • Mikulincer M., Florian V., and Hirschberger G. The existential function of close relationships: Introducing death into the science of love. Personality and Social Psychology Review 7 (2003) 20-40
    • (2003) Personality and Social Psychology Review , vol.7 , pp. 20-40
    • Mikulincer, M.1    Florian, V.2    Hirschberger, G.3
  • 39
    • 0011504593 scopus 로고
    • Individual differences in social categorization: The influence of personal need for structure on spontaneous trait inferences
    • Moskowitz G.B. Individual differences in social categorization: The influence of personal need for structure on spontaneous trait inferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 132-142
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 132-142
    • Moskowitz, G.B.1
  • 40
    • 21144478323 scopus 로고
    • Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure
    • Neuberg S.L., and Newsom J. Personal need for structure: Individual differences in the desire for simple structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1993) 113-131
    • (1993) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.65 , pp. 113-131
    • Neuberg, S.L.1    Newsom, J.2
  • 41
    • 57649164710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death and black diamonds: Meaning, mortality, and the meaning maintenance model
    • Proulx T., and Heine S.J. Death and black diamonds: Meaning, mortality, and the meaning maintenance model. Psychological Inquiry 17 (2006) 309-318
    • (2006) Psychological Inquiry , vol.17 , pp. 309-318
    • Proulx, T.1    Heine, S.J.2
  • 42
    • 0033211436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A dual-process model of defense against conscious and unconscious death-related thoughts: An extension of terror management theory
    • Pyszczynski T., Greenberg J., and Solomon S. A dual-process model of defense against conscious and unconscious death-related thoughts: An extension of terror management theory. Psychological Review 106 (1999) 835-845
    • (1999) Psychological Review , vol.106 , pp. 835-845
    • Pyszczynski, T.1    Greenberg, J.2    Solomon, S.3
  • 44
    • 84860787546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the unique psychological import of the human awareness of mortality: Theme and variations
    • Pyszczynski T., Greenberg J., Solomon S., and Maxfield M. On the unique psychological import of the human awareness of mortality: Theme and variations. Psychological Inquiry 17 (2006) 328-356
    • (2006) Psychological Inquiry , vol.17 , pp. 328-356
    • Pyszczynski, T.1    Greenberg, J.2    Solomon, S.3    Maxfield, M.4
  • 45
    • 0024741393 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for terror management theory: I. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural values
    • Rosenblatt A., Greenberg J., Solomon S., Pyszczynski T., and Lyon D. Evidence for terror management theory: I. The effects of mortality salience on reactions to those who violate or uphold cultural values. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57 (1989) 681-690
    • (1989) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.57 , pp. 681-690
    • Rosenblatt, A.1    Greenberg, J.2    Solomon, S.3    Pyszczynski, T.4    Lyon, D.5
  • 46
    • 62249201261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Creative terror management: The effects of creativity on worldview exploration after mortality salience
    • Routledge C., and Arndt J. Creative terror management: The effects of creativity on worldview exploration after mortality salience. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 35 (2009) 493-505
    • (2009) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.35 , pp. 493-505
    • Routledge, C.1    Arndt, J.2
  • 48
    • 9344263445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Task engagement after mortality salience: The effects of creativity, conformity, and connectedness on worldview defense
    • Routledge C., Arndt J., and Sheldon K.M. Task engagement after mortality salience: The effects of creativity, conformity, and connectedness on worldview defense. European Journal of Social Psychology 34 (2004) 477-487
    • (2004) European Journal of Social Psychology , vol.34 , pp. 477-487
    • Routledge, C.1    Arndt, J.2    Sheldon, K.M.3
  • 49
    • 34248354441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death-thought accessibility
    • Schimel J., Hayes J., Williams T.J., and Jahrig J. Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death-thought accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92 (2007) 789-803
    • (2007) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.92 , pp. 789-803
    • Schimel, J.1    Hayes, J.2    Williams, T.J.3    Jahrig, J.4
  • 52
    • 18144426415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-affirmation and mortality salience: Affirming values reduces worldview defense and death-thought accessibility
    • Schmeichel B.J., and Martens A. Self-affirmation and mortality salience: Affirming values reduces worldview defense and death-thought accessibility. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31 (2005) 658-667
    • (2005) Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , vol.31 , pp. 658-667
    • Schmeichel, B.J.1    Martens, A.2
  • 53
    • 0032087119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Terror management and meaning: Evidence that the opportunity to defend the worldview in response to mortality salience increases the meaningfulness of life in the mildly depressed
    • Simon L., Arndt J., Greenberg J., Solomon S., and Pyszczynski T. Terror management and meaning: Evidence that the opportunity to defend the worldview in response to mortality salience increases the meaningfulness of life in the mildly depressed. Journal of Personality 66 (1998) 359-382
    • (1998) Journal of Personality , vol.66 , pp. 359-382
    • Simon, L.1    Arndt, J.2    Greenberg, J.3    Solomon, S.4    Pyszczynski, T.5
  • 54
    • 30544443203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than meditational analyses in examining psychological processes
    • Spencer S.J., Zanna M.P., and Fong G.T. Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than meditational analyses in examining psychological processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 89 (2005) 845-851
    • (2005) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.89 , pp. 845-851
    • Spencer, S.J.1    Zanna, M.P.2    Fong, G.T.3
  • 55
    • 31544455036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life
    • Steger M.F., Frazier P., Oishi S., and Kaler M. The Meaning in Life Questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology 53 (2006) 80-93
    • (2006) Journal of Counseling Psychology , vol.53 , pp. 80-93
    • Steger, M.F.1    Frazier, P.2    Oishi, S.3    Kaler, M.4
  • 59
    • 10544221463 scopus 로고
    • J. Kentish, Trans, New York: Penguin, Original work published 1882
    • Tolstoy, L. (1987). A confession and other religious writings (J. Kentish, Trans.). New York: Penguin. (Original work published 1882)
    • (1987) A confession and other religious writings
    • Tolstoy, L.1
  • 60
    • 0141707126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness
    • Twenge J.M., Catanese K.R., and Baumeister R.F. Social exclusion and the deconstructed state: Time perception, meaninglessness, lethargy, lack of emotion, and self-awareness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85 (2003) 409-423
    • (2003) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.85 , pp. 409-423
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Catanese, K.R.2    Baumeister, R.F.3
  • 61
    • 0010533792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments
    • Zanna M.P. (Ed), Academic Press, San Diego, CA
    • Van den Bos K., and Lind E.A. Uncertainty management by means of fairness judgments. In: Zanna M.P. (Ed). Advances in experimental social psychology 34 (2002), Academic Press, San Diego, CA 1-60
    • (2002) Advances in experimental social psychology , vol.34 , pp. 1-60
    • Van den Bos, K.1    Lind, E.A.2
  • 62
    • 13844294225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An enquiry concerning the principles of cultural norms and values: The impact of uncertainty and mortality salience on reactions to violations and bolstering of cultural worldviews
    • Van den Bos K., Poortvliet P.M., Maas M., Miedema J., and Van den Ham E.-J. An enquiry concerning the principles of cultural norms and values: The impact of uncertainty and mortality salience on reactions to violations and bolstering of cultural worldviews. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 41 (2005) 91-113
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , vol.41 , pp. 91-113
    • Van den Bos, K.1    Poortvliet, P.M.2    Maas, M.3    Miedema, J.4    Van den Ham, E.-J.5
  • 63
    • 0003490660 scopus 로고
    • The PANAS-X: Preliminary manual for Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form
    • Unpublished manuscript
    • Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1991). The PANAS-X: Preliminary manual for Positive and Negative Affect Schedule-Expanded Form. Unpublished manuscript.
    • (1991)
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2
  • 64
    • 0024023344 scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales
    • Watson D., Clark L.A., and Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 54 (1988) 1063-1070
    • (1988) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.54 , pp. 1063-1070
    • Watson, D.1    Clark, L.A.2    Tellegen, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.